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Urethral polyps are one of the rare deformities of the urethra. In most cases, the urethral polyps would not be considered in the differential diagnosis process by a huge number of physicians, mainly owing to the rarity of documented cases in the medical literature and because of the wide variety of unspecified symptoms the urethral polyp might demonstrate. Urethral polyps are more common in males than in females, and they are usually diagnosed at an early age. Treatment options include transurethral resection, endoscopic suprapubic approach and open surgery. The disease prognosis is excellent as it does not usually recur after being completely removed and the risk of malignant transformation is very low. We are going to report a case of a 3-month-old boy who presented with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis, which revealed the presence of a large posterior urethral polyp.

Timely and reliable estimation of regional crop yield is a vital component of food security assessment, especially in developing regions. The traditional crop forecasting methods need ample time and labor to collect and process field data to release official yield reports. Satellite remote sensing data is considered a cost-effective and accurate way of predicting crop yield at pixel-level. In this study, maximum Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) during the crop-growing season was integrated with Machine Learning Regression (MLR) models to estimate wheat and rice yields in Pakistan’s Punjab province. Five MLR models were compared using a fivefold cross-validation method for their predictive accuracy. The study results revealed that the regression model based on the Gaussian process outperformed over other models. The best performing model attained coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE, t/ha), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE, t/ha) of 0.75, 0.281, and 0.236 for wheat; 0.68, 0.112, and 0.091 for rice, respectively. The proposed method made it feasible to predict wheat and rice 6–8 weeks before the harvest. The early prediction of crop yield and its spatial distribution in the region can help formulate efficient agricultural policies for sustainable social, environmental, and economic progress.

يلقي هذا البحث الضوء على تجارب عدد من البلدان التي تبنت مفهوم المحتوى المحلي وتنميته كأسلوب وأداة في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية الشاملة واستدامتها، ونجحت في تحويل ثروة المصادر الطبيعية من نفط وغاز ومعادن الى ازدهار طويل الأمد لشعوبها وطورت مضامين هذا المفهوم بتبني مجموعة من القواعد والسياسات والخطط والبرامج ليصبح واحدا من أدوات زيادة الدخل الوطني فيها وليعتمد كأحد المتطلبات الاساسية في العقود الموقعة مع الشركات الاجنبية وبالخصوص في البلدان المنتجة لمصادر الطاقة من نفط وغاز وليصبح ركناً مهما في نقل وتوطين التكنولوجيا وزيادة المعارف والخبرات وخلق الوظائف وتشغيل وتأهيل الأيدي العاملة الوطنية ودعم الصناعة الوطنية وتطوير جهود البحث العلمي. يتناول البحث تجربة العراق المتواضعة والسبيل الى تطويرها وفتح آفاق جديدة أمام الصناعة الوطنية الناشئة عبر أتخاذ حزمة من الإجراءات في قطاع النفط والغاز مع الشركات الأجنبية العاملة في عقود التراخيص النفطية والمشاريع الاستثمارية المخطط تنفيذها وأهمية صياغة البنود التعاقدية وإجراءات التقييم والمتابعة لتنمية هذا المحتوى وبما يحقق أقصى المنافع الوطنية، حيث لا تتوفر لدى وزارة النفط آليات تجميع البيانات الأحصائية الأجمالية عن حجم الأيدي العاملة العراقية العاملة بمعية المقاوليين المتعاقديين مع الشركات النفطية الاستخراجية (العامة) ومجموع الأجور والمنافع السنوية لهذه العمالة والشركات والمكاتب المحلية (الخاصة) المنخرطة في تنفيذ ألتزامات المقاول وحجم المساهمة المادية الى مبلغ العقد الرئيسي، أضافة الى قيمة المال المنفق على أنشطة التدريب والتطوير ونقل المعارف والخبرات للعراقيين الى حجم الانفاق الاجمالي وكذلك المصروف السنوي على مشاريع المرافق والبنى التحتية العامة...بسبب غياب آليات ومؤشرات قياسية دقيقة بالأسس النقدية لحساب قيمة المحتوى الوطني في مجمل هذه الأنشطة ومتابعة نموه وحساب القيمة المضافة الكلية المتولدة عنه.

The current research attends to the investigation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) University students awareness of idioms translation and usage. It has theoretically tackled the topic in the first place by paving the way in terms of presenting different definitions of translation and its relation with language and culture , the definition of idioms, their classification, interpretation and usage. The research then moves to the practical part of the study which focus on examining the role of context in helping students being aware of the meaning, correct translation, and usage of idioms. To analyze the data resulted in this part of the research, different statistical tools have been used, like percentages of correct answers, mean scores, standard deviation, and t-test for a single group. The research ends with discussing the results obtained which prove that students' awareness of contextualized idioms is quite satisfactory because an idiom is largely related to the situation that gives it a special meaning. The conclusions and recommendations of the research highlight the main points that have been so far probed and highlighted.

Background: Different reconstructive approaches have been introduced over last decades for management of facial defects. Local flaps, whenever possible, may be an ideal solution for some defects. The aim of our study is evaluation of the outcomes of different local flaps in reconstruction of mid and lower facial defects.Patients and methods: This study was a prospective, non-randomized and uncontrolled trial recruiting twenty patients admitted between December 2017 to June 2018 at plastic surgery unit, Zagazig University Hospitals complaining of facial defects post trauma and tumors excision and trauma to mid- and lower face regions due to multiple etiologies. Twenty patients were admitted to plastic surgery unit complaining of facial skin tumors and post-traumatic mid and lower facial defect.Results: The mean and standard deviation of age was 51 years ± 20.68 with minimum 9 years and maximum 77 years. In our study, there were 11 males (55%) and 9 females (45%). the relationship between patient satisfaction and outcome, there was statistically significant difference toward having good outcome and good verbal response (p = 0.006). There was statistically significant deviation of outcome to be good or very good rather than poor or accepted despite presence of complication (p=0.002). In order to examine the relationship between patient satisfaction and defect area there was no statistically significant difference both variables (p = 0.085). Conclusion: Meticulous selection of facial flap for every lesion is mandatory for gaining not only better results aesthetically but to protect patient's self-image, self-esteem and prevention of associated depression.

Accurate assessment of spatio-temporal variations of consumptive water use (CWU) in large irrigation schemes is crucial for several hydrological applications. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of climate change on CWU in the Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) irrigation scheme of the Indus basin irrigation system of Pakistan. A distributed hydrological model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), was spatially calibrated (2005–2009) and validated (2010–2012) for monthly CWU. The estimated CWU using the SWAT model showed promising results (the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.87 ± 0.06, Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) = 0.83 ± 0.06)) when compared with CWU determined by the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm (SEBAL) (R2 = 0.87 ± 0.06, NSE = 0.83 ± 0.06). Future evaluation, performed by considering the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios, showed that changes in temperature and rainfall would significantly influence the CWU in the LCC scheme. Compared with the reference period, annual water consumption in the basin would increase overall by 7% and 11% at the end of 2020 with monthly variations of –40% to 60% and –17% to 80% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios, respectively. The water managers in the region have to consider this fluctuating consumptive use in water allocation plans due to climate change for better management of available water resources.

Accurate information of crop rotation in large basin is essential for policy decisions on land, water and nutrient resources around the world. Crop area estimation using low spatial resolution remote sensing data is challenging in a large heterogeneous basin having more than one cropping seasons. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of two phenological datasets individually and in combined form to map crop rotations in complex irrigated Indus basin without image segmentation. Phenology information derived from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, having 8-day temporal and 1000 m spatial resolution, was used in the analysis. An unsupervised (temporal space clustering) to supervised (area knowledge and phenology behavior) classification approach was adopted to identify 13 crop rotations. Estimated crop area was compared with reported area collected by field census. Results reveal that combined dataset (NDVI*LAI) performs better in mapping wheat-rice, wheat-cotton and wheat-fodder rotation by attaining root mean square error (RMSE) of 34.55, 16.84, 20.58 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 24.56 %, 36.82 %, 30.21 % for wheat, rice and cotton crop respectively. For sugarcane crop mapping, LAI produce good results by achieving RMSE of 8.60 and MAPE of 34.58 %, as compared to NDVI (10.08, 40.53 %) and NDVI*LAI (10.83, 39.45 %). The availability of major crop rotation statistics provides insight to develop better strategies for land, water and nutrient accounting frameworks to improve agriculture productivity.

A monofiber reinforced composite leaf spring is proposed as an alternative to the typical steel one as it is characterized by high strength-to-weight ratio. Different reinforcing schemes are suggested to fabricate the leaf spring. The composite and the typical steel leaf springs are subjected to the same working conditions. A weight saving of about more than 60% can be achieved while maintaining the strength for the structures under consideration. The objective of the present study was to replace material for leaf spring. This study suggests various materials of hybrid fiber reinforced plastics (HFRP). Also the effects of shear moduli of the fibers, matrices, and the composites on the composites performance and responses are discussed. The results and behaviors of each are compared with each other and verified by comparison with analytical solution; a good convergence is found between them. The elastic properties of the hybrid composites are calculated using rules of mixtures and Halpin-Tsi equation through the software of MATLAB v-7. The problem is also analyzed by the technique of finite element analysis (FEA) through the software of ANSYS v-14. An element modeling was done for every leaf with eight-node 3D brick element (SOLID185 3D 8-Node Structural Solid).

Energy efficiency in transportation is today an important issue in urban road traffic. In fact, energy prediction along a specified route in an urban road is necessary to reduce the energy consumption. In this paper, we present a dynamic and a modular method to estimate the energy consumption in real-time while driving. In the proposed model, we use internet of things concept to predict the energy consumption and time travel between two chosen points source and destination. In fact, each car sends the state of the road to the data center: accidents, crowded streets, road works, etc. Based on the real-time traffic information and the state of roads, the application calculates the estimation of energy consumption, to aid the driver in piloting the truck in a safe and economical manner. Drivers then, choose the optimal route that reduce the energy consumption which may be the longest one. The speed profile contain information about the individual driving style and the prevailing traffic situations. Proposed model considers the individual driving style and other effects on energy consumption. The proposed system architecture is discussed with its requirements to ensure smart and safe driven.

Summary The Lower Chenab canal irrigation scheme, the largest irrigation scheme of the Indus Basin irrigation system was selected for an estimate of groundwater recharge using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) at high spatial and temporal resolution under changing climate. Groundwater recharge was simulated using the SWAT model for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios for the period 2012–2020. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was estimated using the SWAT model for the period 2010–2011. This was compared with the ETa determined using the surface energy balance algorithm (SEBAL) calibrated using data for the period 2005–2009. We concluded that the SWAT ETa estimates showed good agreement with those of SEBAL (coefficient of determination = 0.85 ± 0.05, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.83 ± 0.07). The total average annual groundwater recharge to the aquifer was 537 mm (±55 mm) with the maximum occurring during July (151 mm). The results showed that groundwater recharge would increase by 40%, as compared to the reference period, by the end of 2020 under RCP 4.5 and by 37% under RCP 8.5. The SWAT can thus be a handy tool for not only estimating the recharge at high spatial and temporal resolution, but also under changing climate.

We give a characterization of theE-unitary covers for a Bruck semigroup, which is a generalization of Theorem 3 given in [1].

For an inverse semigroupS with its idempotents dually well-ordered, we prove thatS is isomorphic to the semigroup of all one-to-one partial right translations ofS. Also, we prove for a Bruck semigroupS=B(T, α) thatS isE-unitary if and only ifT isE-unitary and α is an idempotent pure homomorphism. Moreover, we characterize allE-unitary covers ofB(T, α), whereT is a finite chain of groups.