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LaMnxCo1‐xO3 (x=0, 0.25) perovskites were developed as novel nanocatalysts for the desulfurization of thiophenes compounds by catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) and ultrasound‐assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD). The perovskites were synthesized by the sol‐gel auto‐combustion method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area. The experiments were designed by the Box‐Behnken method of response surface methodology. The catalytic experiments were designed by response surface methodology (RSM). LaMn0.25Co0.75O3 despite having a lower surface area rather than LaCoO3 exhibited superior activity due to easy reducibility and high surface electron density approved by TPR. Pareto analysis indicated that the DBT concentration had the most effect on the CODS process. Ultrasound waves enhanced the activity of the catalysts via the formation of hot spots as an accelerating and de‐agglomerating agent in the UAOD process, leading the LaMn0.25Co0.75O3 to be reusable at least for 5 cycles. A mechanism for DBT oxidation was proposed by the formation of DBT sulfone. Due to steric hindrance and the electron density of the sulfur atoms in thiophene derivatives, the following order resulted in their desulfurization rate: DBT>4‐MDBT>BT. The study indicated that perovskites could be novel and promising nanocatalysts for the desulfurization of fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Leisure participation is restricted among children with cerebral palsy (CP). This leads to adverse consequences on their health and well-being. Identifying the associated factors of leisure participation can help in planning interventions for its promotion. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leisure participation and parental life balance in children/adolescents with CP and their typically developing peers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021, in Bojnourd City, Iran. The target population of this study was children/adolescents with CP between the ages of 7 to 17 years. We recruited 68 children/adolescents with CP and 66 of their typical peers using the convenience sampling method. All children and adolescents completed the children's participation and enjoyment questionnaire while their parents answered the life balance inventory questions. Results: The Mean±SD age of children/adolescents with CP was 10.13±2.53, and 54.4% were boys. The mean age of typically developing children/adolescents was 10.50±2.98, and 54.5% were boys. In the CP group, the mothers' life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their children (P=0.01). Also, the fathers' life balance was correlated with the leisure participation of their adolescents (P=0.01). The correlation between the mothers' life balance and the leisure participation of their adolescents, and also between the father's life balance and the leisure participation of their children was not significant (P>0.05) in the CP group. The leisure participation of typically developing children and adolescents was not correlated with their parental life balance (P>0.05). Discussion: The leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP was correlated with the life balance of their parents. Occupational therapists and other health professionals are advised to consider the parental life balance in their plans to promote the leisure participation of children and adolescents with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders play an important role in the management of the patient's conditions, which interferes with other activities of daily living, work, social and leisure activities. Objective: This study was conducted in an Iranian context to explore the perception of family caregivers about barriers of leisure in care of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders. Methods: The current qualitative study was conducted on the basis of conventional content analysis. Participants were 15 family caregivers of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders who were selected by Purposeful sampling method between July 2016 and March 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The data was collected via in-depth semistructured interviews. The interviews were tape recorded, written and transcribed. Then, data were analyzed by inductive content analysis method. Results: Data analysis led to extraction of 3 main categories and 10 sub categories. Obstacles to leisure-time of family caregivers have been placed in three main categories which are patient-related factors (Resentment from psychological problems, Resentment from behavioral problems, Need for continuous monitoring and access), caregiver-related factors (Physical harm, Psychosocial harm, Temporal stress, Accumulation of responsibilities, Concerns), and community-related factors (Feeling of sympathy and rejection, Social stigma). Conclusion: Understanding the barriers of leisure in this group of family caregivers has contributed to understanding the family caregivers' perception in this area and regarding their leisure, it can provide a broader perspective to mental health therapists, rehabilitation managers and policy makers for understanding the needs, addressing the challenges and barriers of this group of family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical and statistical regression analysis on drinking water samples at five fields (21 sampling wells) with hot and dry climate in Kashan city, central Iran was carried out. Samples were collected during October 2006 to May 2007 (25 - 30 °C). Comparing the results with drinking water quality standards issued by World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that some of the water samples are not potable. Hydrochemical facies using a Piper diagram indicate that in most parts of the city, the chemical character of water is dominated by NaCI. All samples showed sulfate and sodium ion higher and K+ and F- content lower than the permissible limit. A strongly positive correlation is observed between TDS and EC (R = 0.995) and Ca2+ and TH (R = 0.948). The results showed that regression relations have the same correlation coefficients: (I) pH -TH, EC -TH (R = 0.520), (II) N03" -pH, TH-pH (R = 0.520), (III) Ca2+-S042-, TH-SO42-, CI- -SO42- (R = 0.630). The results revealed that systematic calculations of correlation coefficients between water parameters and regression analysis provide a useful means for rapid monitoring of water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a simple and efficient method for synthesis of magnetically separable NiFe 2 O 4 @Cu nanocomposite under co-precipitation conditions was described. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the construction of NiFe 2 O 4 @Cu nanoparticles. The prepared core-shell nanocomposite showed a satisfactory catalytic activity for NaBH 4 reduction of nitroarenes to arylamines. All reactions were carried out in a mixture of H 2 O–EtOH (1.5:0.5 mL) within 1–12 min under reflux conditions. The Cu nanocatalyst can be easily separated by a magnet and reused seven consecutive runs with no obvious loss of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]