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Abstract Background We evaluated the noncontrast MRA as an alternate method to CT angiography in assessment of patients with lower limb ischemia, 30 patients were included in a prospective cohort study; they underwent quiescent interval slice selective magnetic resonance angiography (QISS-MRA) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The assessment of images was evaluated by two independent consultants. The overall subjective image quality, interobserver and intermodality concordance were calculated. Results The median acquisition time in QISS-MRA was 20 min (range 18–30 min), The overall subjective image quality was rated similarly with QISS-MRA (3.13 [95% CI 2.84–3.42]) and CTA (3.23 [95% CI 2.94–3.52]; p = 0.08) with interobserver concordance for lesion ratings in QISS-MRA reached (κ = 0.987 (SD 0.006)), while for CTA it was (κ = 0.99 (SD 0.006)), while the intermodality concordance between QISS-MRA and CTA in lesion ratings were calculated on a per segment basis and was (κ = 0.944 (SD 0.013)) for reader 1 and (κ = 0.947 (SD 0.013)) for reader 2, with sensitivity 100% and specificity 97.6% Conclusions QISS-MRA is a reliable modality for assessment of patients with critical limb ischemia.

Abstract The primary aim of the article is to analyze the response of the human immune system when it encounters the hepatitis B virus. This is done using a mathematical system of differential equations. The differential equation system has six components, likely representing various aspects of the immune response or virus dynamics. A Bayesian regularization neural network has been presented in the process of training. These networks are employed to find solutions for different categories or scenarios related to hepatitis B infection. The Adams method is used to generate reference data sets. The back-propagated artificial neural network, based on Bayesian regularization, is trained and validated using the generated data. The data is divided into three sets: 90% for training and 5% each for testing and validation. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed neural network model have been assessed using various evaluation metrics. The metrics have been used in this study are Mean Square Error (MSE), histogram errors, and regression plots. These measures provide support to the neural network to approximate the immune response to the hepatitis B virus.

Construction projects are prone to accidents and injuries, necessitating a focus on implementing safety programs. However, the implementation of such programs is influenced by various factors. Developing countries often have poor safety performance in their building sectors, with limited research in this area. This study aimed to identify essential safety program activities (SPAs) specific to the building sector. Through a literature review and survey, 25 SPAs were identified and validated via a pilot survey involving building sector experts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 105 participants from the construction industry and academia. They were then categorized into four interconnected measurements using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): Safety Program Management and Development (SPMD), Safety Culture Development (SCD), Safety Risk and Hazard Management (SRHM), and Safety Leadership, Responsibility, and Commitment (SLRC). The impact of safety implementation (SI) on overall project success (OPS) was analyzed using Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Subsequently, Synthetic Fuzzy Evaluation (SFE) was employed to determine the criticality and importance of each SPA grouping for construction projects. The PLS-SEM analysis indicates that SI has a moderate impact on OPS, with an R2 value of 45.4%. Moreover, the findings of the SFE highlight that the SLRC group is the most significant in enhancing the safety implementation of the construction industry.

Abstract Hyperlipidemia significantly contributes to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, about half of the patients do not adhere to their antihyperlipidemic medications, leading to healthcare costs and premature mortality. This study's objective was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of non-adherence to antihyperlipidemic medications. The study covered hypertensive patients (21,451) aged 21–75 years, presenting to the primary and secondary healthcare facilities across Pakistan (covering 21 divisions) from January 2022 to April 2023. The outcome intended was non-adherence to antihyperlipidemic medication, which was assessed by SEAMS and pill-counting methods (non-adherence

Heat stress (HS) poses significant challenges to broiler production, negatively influencing growth performance and meat quality. This study explores the resilience and the meat quality of hybrid chickens with dwarf size and frizzled feather traits to HS. We investigated F1 progeny derived from a crossbreed of dwarf yellow chickens (DYCs) with Yuexi frizzled feather chickens. Following a rearing period of 12 weeks, we randomly assigned 72 chickens into two distinct environmental conditions: a HS group subjected to 35 ± 1 °C for 8 h per day, and a control group (CN) maintained at 26 ± 1 °C. Seven days post-HS, multiple tissue samples were collected to assess meat quality attributes and measure expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), muscle growth-related genes and cytokines. The results demonstrated a substantial reduction in weight gain of the F1 chickens exposed to HS, along with decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver. Furthermore, HS exposure significantly increased muscle shear force and the expression of HSP70 in both liver and pectoral muscle tissues (p

Abstract Cladribine tablets (CladT), like alemtuzumab, acts as an immune reconstitution therapy. However, CladT is administered orally (alemtuzumab is given by infusion) and without the potential for serious side effects that limit the therapeutic use of alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis (MS). Treatment with CladT, given initially as short courses of treatment 1 year apart, provides years of freedom from MS disease activity in responders to treatment. The appearance of mild or moderate MS disease activity after the initial 2 years of treatment may prompt careful follow-up or a further course of CladT, depending on the nature of the activity and individual circumstances. The appearance of severe MS disease activity requires a switch to an alternative high-efficacy disease-modifying treatment (DMT). The accumulating data from CladT-treated people with MS in real-world studies, including those with follow-up durations extending for years beyond the initial treatment, have demonstrated long-term freedom from MS disease activity in a good proportion of patients. This clinical experience has also confirmed that treatment with CladT is generally safe and well tolerated. The best time to prescribe a high-efficacy DMT is the subject of debate, with evidence that earlier versus later use of such agents may provide more effective long-term protection from disability progression. High-efficacy DMTs have traditionally been reserved for use in people with MS and high disease activity on presentation or breakthrough disease on one or more DMTs, as per the current product labels. The latest evidence from real-world studies suggests that CladT is effective and safe in DMT-naïve patients, including those with shorter disease duration.

In this research , we study the properties of oscillation for all neutral differential equations Its importance in solving many engineering, physical and chemical problems and giving better results in a timely manner within a specific period of time some basic necessary and sufficient condition are established for every solution of solutions of the fourth order nonlinear To become oscillatory , Examples are given insupport our results

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising new educational and training tool in the field of disaster and emergency management, especially for hazards that are not frequent or well known to the public and require spatial and situational understanding. The objective of this paper is to describe an educational VR simulation that was developed based on a landslide that really occurred in Southern Malawi during the March 2023 Cyclone Freddy. The cyclone induced several landslides that caused many casualties and significant damage. The VR simulation framework consisted of four critical steps using Unity3D for the creation of the simulation including data preparation, terrain and environmental modeling, landslide simulation development, and virtual reality interactions. The simulation scenarios were diversified to include three distinct landscapes that can help users learn how factors such as terrain can influence landslide impacts. The VR simulation offers users an intimate, firsthand experience of the landslide’s unfolding and allows users the ability to explore various facets of the landslide phenomena. This VR simulation aims to provide an educational tool to facilitate an in-depth understanding of and interaction with a real-word landslide to learn about the impacts of landslides and how different factors can influence these impacts.

The current study includes an evaluation of rock slope stability along the Qaywan Mountain (anticline) main road 20 km north of Sulaimani City, which is considered an important task due to the effect of slope instability on human lives. The stability of rock slopes along road cuttings that connect Sulaimaniyah city to the Sharbazher area a beautiful tourist area. Thus, it is crucial to assess a slope's stability in its current state or when it is being used, as well as the procedure for determining why a collapse occurs. Seven stations (slope locations) were chosen, and kinematic analysis and the slope mass rating system were used to research and analyze the potential level of stability of each, using DIPS v6.008 software and SMRTool –v205. Based on the Kinematic analysis, stations 2, 4, 6, and 7 may experience planar sliding and wedge sliding, stations 1 and 2 may experience flexural toppling, and station 2 may experience direct toppling. Slope mass rating and continuous-slope mass rating using SMR-Tool software showed that the worst condition for flexural toppling at stations 1, 2 and 3 ranges from 44 to 58 for slope mass rating and continuous-slope mass rating, also wedge sliding at stations 2, 4, 6 and 7 ranges from 59 to 69 for slope mass rating, and ranges from 59 to 66 for continuous- slope mass rating, so the rock mass under study falls in class lll of normal slope type, which they are in partially stable condition with failure probability of 0.4, and worst condition for planar sliding at stations 4, and 7 ranges from 12 to 15 for slope mass rating and 16 for continuous- slope mass rating. Hence, the rock mass falls in class V of the very dangerous slope type, which is in a completely unstable condition with failure probability of 0.9. Also, planar sliding at stations 2 and 6 ranges from 26 to 34 for slope mass rating, and ranges from 21 to 29 for continuous- slope mass rating, so the rock mass falls in class lV of danger slope type, which they are in unstable condition with failure probability of 0.6.

Abstract Numerous heat transfer applications, such as heat exchangers, solar trough collectors, and fields including food processing, material research, and aerospace engineering, utilize hybrid nanofluids. Compared to conventional fluids, hybrid nanofluids exhibit significantly enhanced thermal conductivity. The aim of this work is to explore flow and heat transmission features under of magneto-hydrodynamic bioconvective flow of carbon nanotubes over the stretched surface with Dufour and Soret effects. Additionally, comparative dynamics of the carbon nanotubes (SWCMT − MWCNT/C2H6O2 with SWCMT − MWCNT/C2H6O2 − H2O) flow using the Prandtl fluid model in the presence of thermal radiation and motile microorganisms has been investigated. Novel feature Additionally, the focus is also to examine the presence of microorganisms in mixture base hybrid nanofluid. To examine heat transfer features of Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over the stretched surface convective heating is taken into consideration while modeling the boundary conditions. Suitable similarity transform has been employed to convert dimensional flow governing equations into dimensionless equations and solution of the problem has been obtained using effective, accurate and time saving bvp-4c technique in MATLAB. Velocity, temperature, concentration and microorganisms profiles have been demonstrated graphically under varying impact of various dimensionless parameters such as inclined magnetization, mixed convection, Dufour effect, Soret effect, thermal radiation effect, and bioconvection lewis number. It has been observed that raising values of magnetization (0.5 ≤ M ≤ 4), mixed convection (0.01 ≤ λ ≤ 0.05) and inclination angle (0° ≤ α ≤ 180°) enhance fluid motion rapidly in Ethylene glycol based Prandtl hybrid nanofluid (SWCMT − MWCNT/C2H6O2) when compared with mixture base working fluid of carbon nanotubes SWCMT − MWCNT/C2H6O2 − H2O). Raising thermal radiation (0.1 ≤ Rd ≤ 1.7) and Dufour number (0.1 ≤ Du ≤ 0.19) values improves temperature profile. Moreover, a good agreement has been found between the current outcome and existing literature for skin friction outcomes.

Abstract Optimal power flow is a complex and highly non-linear problem in which steady-state parameters are needed to find a network’s efficient and economical operation. In addition, the difficulty of the Optimal power flow problem becomes enlarged when new constraints are added, and it is also a challenging task for the power system operator to solve the constrained Optimal power flow problems efficiently. Therefore, this paper presents a constrained composite differential evolution optimization algorithm to search for the optimum solution to Optimal power flow problems. In the last few decades, numerous evolutionary algorithm implementations have emerged due to their superiority in solving Optimal power flow problems while considering various objectives such as cost, emission, power loss, etc. evolutionary algorithms effectively explore the solution space unconstrainedly, often employing the static penalty function approach to address the constraints and find solutions for constrained Optimal power flow problems. It is a drawback that combining evolutionary algorithms and the penalty function approach requires several penalty parameters to search the feasible space and discard the infeasible solutions. The proposed a constrained composite differential evolution algorithm combines two effective constraint handling techniques, such as feasibility rule and ɛ constraint methods, to search in the feasible space. The proposed approaches are recognized on IEEE 30, 57, and 118-bus standard test systems considering 16 study events of single and multi-objective optimization functions. Ultimately, simulation results are examined and compared with the many recently published techniques of Optimal power flow solutions owing to show the usefulness and performance of the proposed a constrained composite differential evolution algorithm.

Although geoheritage is gaining importance wordwide, much appreciation is still required for the overlooked geoheritage resources. The geoheritage of Saudi Arabia is promising and gaining much attention towards geoconversation and geotourism, but thematic publications are limited compared to the global context. This paper aims to identify the relevant geosites in Saudi Arabia according to the IUCN theme and propose a geoheritage strategic plan. For identification of the geosite, we have conducted a comprehensive review of published literature and online material, including web blogs, YouTube videos, social media, and governmental websites. For the strategic plan for known/unknown geosite, published literature from established geoparks with similar key landforms has been reviewed. Seven IUCN themes can be linked with the geoheritage of Saudi Arabia. Most of these sites are local tourist spots, therefore, immense potential for the geotourism development. The key geomorphological heritage in Saudi Arabia is volcanic harrat, escarpment, cave, mesas, butte, pinnacle, canyon, island, aeolian dune, and submarine corals. Geological heritage includes various fossils in Tuwaiq Mountain. Submarine geoheritage includes different colourful corals and rock structures with high scientific value. Biodiversity-protected area and cultural heritage site enhance the geoheritage value of the geosite, and its geotourism importance.

The prime objective of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness and accuracy of a single-trained artificial neural network. The Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagated networks are tested for heat and mass transmission in magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow between the rotating permeable system. The reference data to generate different cases for distinct scenarios has been obtained using the Adams method in Mathematica using the ND-Solver function. Additionally, the system of highly nonlinear PDE's is achieved and transformed into ODE's. The effect of body forces such as thermophoresis particle diffusion and Brownian motion are incorporated in the hybrid nanofluid system. Configuration under observation is permeable and under constant impact of the magnetic field. Rosseland thermal radiation approximation relation is utilized to investigate the linear impact of radiation on velocity and temperature profile. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed ANNLMB are depicted with performance demonstrations. Mean square error, histogram error, and regression plots are generated for all the scenarios to discuss the varying impact of different key study parameters on the performance of the proposed ANNLMB. Furthermore, the generated reference data is distributed in the following manner 82 %, 9 %, and 9 % for training, testing, and validation, respectively.

Background: The mean arterial pressure serves as an expression of blood pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Serum calcium phosphorus product is considered as a risk factor of vascular calcification that is associated with hypertension in the patients of end stage renal disease. The literature regarding this relationship is inconsistent therefore this study is designed to determine the correlation between calcium phosphorus product and mean arterial pressure among hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease. Methods: A total of 110 patients of end stage renal disease on hemodialysis for at least one year, 20 to 60 years of age were included. Patients with primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, peripheral vascular disease, malignancy, hypertension secondary to any cause other than kidney disease were excluded. Mean arterial pressure was calculated according to the standard protocol in lying position. Blood samples for estimation of serum calcium and phosphorous were taken and was sent immediately to the laboratory for serum analysis. Results: Mean age was 44.17 ± 10.94 years. Mean calcium phosphorous product was 46.71 ± 7.36 mg/dl and mean arterial pressure was 103.61 ± 12.77 mmHg. The values of Pearson correlation co-efficient (r) were 0.863 for age group 20 to 40 years and 0.589 for age group 41 to 60 years. This strong positive correlation means that high calcium phosphorous product goes with high mean arterial pressure (and vice versa) for both the age groups. Conclusion: A strong positive relationship exists between the mean arterial pressure and calcium phosphorous product and is independent of patients’ age.

Flooding in the Shahdad Kot district has significantly impacted groundwater quality, compelling the resettled population to rely on surface water. Specifically, residents are using water collected in ponds from canals for their basic needs. However, the water from the canal carries a significant number of impurities and exhibits high turbidity due to sediment content, necessitating the analysis of key parameters including turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, color, odor, and bacterial colonies such as E. coli. Data indicates that 78.5 % of households face exposure to E. coli contamination, 100 % of households are at risk from high turbidity levels, and 16.7 % of homes have water with unsafe pH levels. This study investigates the effectiveness of bio-sand filter (BSF) technology in treating contaminated drinking water in Shahdad Kot, Pakistan, following flooding, and examines the challenges and sustainability issues encountered during its implementation in this low-literacy area. Pre and Post testing of the water samples collected from each water pond are used to check the performance of BSF technology. Results indicate a substantial reduction in bacterial colonies, decreasing from over 50 to fewer than 5 colonies per 100 ml within three weeks, highlighting the effectiveness of the purification process. While TDS levels remain within World Health Organization (WHO) standards at less than 1000 mg/l, there is a notable improvement in turbidity levels, which have decreased dramatically from 450 NTU to 5 NTU in the pre and post-test results, also enhancing the color of the drinking water depicting the overall capability of BSF technology to improve the drinking water quality.

Catalyst-assisted amine regeneration has emerged as a prominent strategy for enhancing the desorption rate of CO2 from amine solutions at lower temperatures (

With ongoing advancements in natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning methods, the demand for computational and memory resources has considerably increased, which signifies the determination of efficient and compact models in resource-constrained environments. A comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in pruning and quantization methods for deep neural networks is provided in this paper. Numerous cutting-edge techniques that harness the complementary advantages of pruning and quantization have been analyzed, highlighting their effectiveness in reducing model size, enhancing computational efficiency, and minimizing memory usage. These techniques include Quantization and Sparsity Aware Fine Tuning, Compression Learning by In-Parallel Pruning-Quantization, GroupReduce, Quantization-Pruned Attention, Structured Pruning, Normalized Linear Quantization (Prune and NLQ), Quantization and Pruning for Sentiment Analysis, an Automatic mixed-precision Quantization approach for BERT compression (AQ-BERT), Mixed Precision Quantization, Unstructured Pruning, and Quantization, and Magnitude Pruning. The datasets utilized, models employed, and outcomes achieved are taken into account within this research. The utilization of pruning and quantization techniques across diverse deep-learning tasks, NLP, and sentiment analysis are also discussed. Moreover, issues such as compatibility with hardware configurations, optimization complexities, accuracy degradation, and other constraints have been analysed. Several challenges and limitations of weight or unit pruning that are utilized for optimizing memory and quantization techniques to enhance precision are explored. The in-depth analysis of these state-of-the-art techniques and experiments provides a broad understanding. Furthermore, strategies to effectively reduce the computational and memory demands of neural networks without compromising their performance are also analysed.

Deep neural networks (DNN) are in high demand because of their widespread applications in natural language processing, image processing, and a lot of other domains. However, due to their computational expense, over-parameterization, and large memory requirements, DNN applications often require the use of substantial model resources. This strict requirement of latency and limited memory availability are hurdles in the device deployment of these technologies. Therefore, a common idea could be to mitigate the DNN-based models’ size without any performance degradation using different compression techniques. During the last few years, a great deal of progress has been made in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) using deep learning approaches. The objective of this research is to offer a thorough overview of the various pruning methods applied in the context of NLP. In this paper, we review several recent pruning-based schemes used for converting standard networks into their compact and accelerated versions. Traditionally, pruning is a technique for improving latency, reducing model size, and computational complexity which is a viable approach to deal with the above-mentioned challenges. In general, these techniques are divided into two main categories: structural and unstructured pruning methods. Structural pruning methods are further classified into filter, channel, layer, block, and movement pruning. Whereas, neuron, magnitude-based, and iterative pruning lie in the category of unstructured pruning. For each method, we discuss the related metrics and benchmarks. Then recent work on each method is discussed in detail, which provides insightful analysis of the performance, related applications, and pros and cons. Then, a comparative analysis is provided to analyze the differences among approaches. Finally, the paper concludes with possible future directions and some technical challenges.

In this paper, we aim to state well-known Ostrowski inequality via fractional Montgomery identity for the class of $\phi-\lambda-$ convex functions. This generalized class of convex function contains other well-known convex functions from literature, allowing us to derive Ostrowski-type inequalities as specific instances. Moreover, we present Ostrowski-type inequalities for which certain powers of absolute derivatives are $\phi-\lambda-$ convex using various techniques, including Hölder's inequality and the power mean inequality. Consequently, various established results would be captured as special cases. Moreover, we provide applications in terms of special means, allowing us to derive many numerical inequalities related to special means from Ostrowski-type inequalities.

Abstract The efficient, reliable, and resilient supply of electricity has become essential for social and economic well‐being of the modern society. However, more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has exposed inequity in the planning and operation practices of power distribution systems, evidenced in higher vulnerability and longer power interruptions for some parts of the grid as compared to others. This paper proposes an equity‐aware power distribution system restoration model in an effort to ensure a more equitable yet resilient power distribution operation after outages. To this end, the proposed equity‐aware distribution system restoration model balances the efficiency of the restoration operation and the equitable allocation of distributed energy resources among affected customers after an outage, while prioritizing the critical infrastructure (e.g. hospitals). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework to ensure a more equitable restoration process as measured by the proposed fairness and restoration performance indices.

The effectiveness of individual employee’ performance depends on the leader/supervisor. Effective leader can enhance the individual employee performance through proper leadership style and retain high performance and talent employees within the company. The behavior of leader is very importance to improve job performance and retain skillful employees for longer period in the organization. This study aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership styles on employees’ performance in Lebanese Universities. Three main variables consist in conceptual framework. They are independent variables (transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style and dependent variable (employee performance). A sample of 400 respondents has been randomly selected from top four universities in Lebanon. Sample was selected by using simple random method and primary data was collected through structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23.0) and Smart-PLS 3.0. Results showed that both transformational leadership and transactional leadership styles have the significant effect on employees, performance in Lebanese universities. The outcomes of this study offered substantial empirical support to the research framework from a theoretical and managerial perspective.

Medical students are more likely than the general population to experience perceived stress during the pandemic due to many variables. This study aimed to evaluate the stress levels and prevalence of different mental health conditions among graduate medical students in Al Kharj City. An anonymous online survey was conducted among graduate medical students of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU). For this investigation, the following scales were used to measure the prevalence of common mental health issues: DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Adult (CCSM-A); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10-C), to measure COVID-19-related student stress; and the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire to get the global stress score (GSS). Two hundred twenty-one students were contacted, and 214(96.8%) consented to participate in the study. According to the CCSM-A scale, anxiety (73%) and depressive symptoms (71%) were the most frequently reported symptoms by the students. After correcting for age and self-perceived COVID-19 risk, there was a significant relationship between anger, suicidal ideation, and substance use, on one hand, and the study year on the other graduate medical students who have mental health issues bear a heavy load. In the post-pandemic recovery period, regular mental health assessments and providing early and adequate mental health assistance to needy people are imperative.

Background: The adverse effects of cytotoxic medications like methotrexate, particularly reproductive damage reported in the numerous experimental studies, limit their effectiveness as anticancer therapies. The current study's objectives were to identify potential histological and immune-histochemical unfavorable changes in the testicles due to methotrexate medication and to assess any possible protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO). Methods and Results: The study included 60 mature male albino rats weighing 200-250g. The animals were divided equally into three groups, each with 20 rats. In Group 1, the control group, the animals received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline twice a week for nine weeks at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. For nine weeks, animals in Group 2 received intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate hydrate at 0.5 mg/kg twice a week. Animals in Group 3 received subcutaneous injections of 100 IU/kg recombinant human EPO once a week for nine weeks and intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate hydrate at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg twice a week for nine weeks. Each rat was weighed every week throughout the examinations. An ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ROS in blood serum. Morphological and histopathological changes in testicular tissue were assessed. The body weight in the rats treated with methotrexate was considerably lower than in control group rats. EPO showed clear androgenic and antioxidant activities and reduced the adverse effects of methotrexate on testicular histology. Our results suggest further research into the use of EPO as a drug to protect patients from the adverse effects of methotrexate.

In contexts requiring user authentication, such as financial, legal, and administrative systems, signature verification emerges as a pivotal biometric method. Specifically, handwritten signature verification stands out prominently for document authentication. Despite the effectiveness of triplet loss similarity networks in extracting and comparing signatures with forged samples, conventional deep learning models often inadequately capture individual writing styles, resulting in suboptimal performance. Addressing this limitation, our study employs a triplet loss Siamese similarity network for offline signature verification, irrespective of the author. Through experimentation on five publicly available signature datasets—4NSigComp2012, SigComp2011, 4NSigComp2010, and BHsig260—various distance measure techniques alongside the triplet Siamese Similarity Network (tSSN) were evaluated. Our findings underscore the superiority of the tSSN approach, particularly when coupled with the Manhattan distance measure, in achieving enhanced verification accuracy, thereby demonstrating its efficacy in scenarios characterized by close signature similarity.

BackgroundPharmaceutical companies continuously pursue healthcare professionals, starting from the medical college level, which can ultimately lead to irrational prescribing of drugs and antibiotics. Therefore, our main aim was to evaluate the opinions and attitudes of medical students toward pharmaceutical promotion.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional online survey that applied the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected from three public and three private sector medical colleges in Punjab, Pakistan using snowball sampling. A modified version of a pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data between October 2020 and January 2021. Medical students from the third year onward were captivated. The tool was made available on Google Forms and students could access it by clicking the link shared. The effect of promotion on prescribing pattern and future prescribing of antibiotics were measured. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and t-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 1,301 students filled out the survey, but only 1,227 responses were acceptable. The average age was found to be 23.4 ± 1.59 years. Slightly more than half of the respondents were male participants (57.7%), and a significant proportion (84.1%) reported being aware of pharmaceutical promotion. A smaller number (27.7%) felt that physicians who meet medical representatives more frequently tend to prescribe more antibiotics and 46.3% indicated they would be willing to prescribe antibiotics under the promotional influence. Medical students who were male, in senior college years, attended government institutions, and had lower parental income showed significantly higher perception and attitude scores (p

Purpose: Women are underrepresented in academic radiation oncology (RO), particularly in leadership positions. In this study, we sought to better understand the characteristics of individuals who currently serve as academic RO chairpersons at institutions with an associated Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited RO residency training program. Methods and Materials: We created a database of academic RO chairpersons in the United States by using publicly available sources, including residency training program websites, hospital/institutional websites, Doximity, LinkedIn, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) website, the American College of Radiation Oncology website, and the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System National Provider Identifier Registry. We used the χ2 Goodness of Fit test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test via R version 4.1.1 to evaluate for statistical significance among categorical variables, medians, and proportions, respectively. Results: We identified 85 of the 90 chairpersons (94.4%) currently serving at institutions with an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited RO residency training program, 5 of whom hold interim positions and were thus excluded from further analyses. Of the remaining 80 chairpersons, 9 (11.3%) are women, and 71 (88.8%) are men (P < .01). Seventy-six chairpersons (95.0%) are full professors, and 19 (23.8%) hold dual MD PhD degrees. Thirty-two chairpersons (40.0%) hold an official leadership role in a cancer center affiliated with their current institution (43.7% of men vs 11.1% of women; P = .08). Seventy-three chairpersons (91.3%) secured their current positions a median of 16 years (range, 6-33 years) after completing RO residency. Thirty-five chairpersons (43.8%) were promoted to chair from positions within their current institutions (40.8% of men vs 66.7% of women; P = .17). The majority of chairpersons are ASTRO Fellows (62.5%); notably fewer are ASTRO (5.0%) or American College of Radiation Oncology (2.5%) Gold Medalists. Eight RO residency programs trained more than half of current chairpersons. Conclusion: Significantly more men than women currently serve as RO chairpersons. Future interventions that promote the recruitment, retention, and promotion of talented women in academic RO should be considered.

Unlike virtual classrooms that have received extensive research attention in both academic and practical contexts because of their ability to improve students’ outcomes, the use of advance organizers are still in need for more research to prove their efficacy in fulfilling expected learning outcomes in these virtual classrooms. Hence, the present study aims to identify the impact of using such organizers in virtual classrooms on the development of students’ integrated science process skills. The present study was applied to 64 students who were studying for their Master’s degree in the vocational education techniques in the ”Research Project” course. Participants were randomly divided into two equal experimental groups with 32 students in each. An assessment card of five main domains was used to evaluate students’ skills in research procedural definition, identification and control of the research variables, questions and/or hypotheses, procedures and experimentation besides research interpretation of the results. Data analysis showed that the use of advance organizers in virtual classes was of great effect on the development of participants’ integrated science process skills because skills of students in the first experimental group were better mastered than the skills of their peers in the second experimental group in accordance with the subskills in the five domains.

In this paper, we are introducing for the first time a generalized class named the class of $(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta)-$convex functions of mixed kind. This generalized class contains many subclasses including the class of $(\alpha,\beta)-$convex functions of the first and second kind, $(s,r)-$convex functions of mixed kind, $s-$convex functions of the first and second kind, $P-$convex functions, quasi-convex functions and the class of ordinary convex functions. In addition, we would like to state the generalization of the classical Ostrowski inequality via fractional integrals, which is obtained for functions whose first derivative in absolute values is $(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta)-$ convex function of mixed kind. Moreover, we establish some Ostrowski-type inequalities via fractional integrals and their particular cases for the class of functions whose absolute values at certain powers of derivatives are $(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta)-$ convex functions of mixed kind using different techniques including H\"older's inequality and power mean inequality. Also, various established results would be captured as special cases. Moreover, the applications of special means will also be discussed.

The use of modular construction (MC) is well-established in developed countries and is known to promote sustainability. However, MC is not widely utilised in developing countries. To address this issue, a study was conducted to identify enablers that can increase the adoption of MC in developing countries, specifically for residential projects. A survey was conducted to determine the relative value of 21 enablers that boost the adoption of MC. The data collected was analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), which classified the enablers into four main components: Optimization, Planning and Management, Preparation, and Promotion and Improvement. Then, Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) was employed to rank these four components, where it was found that “Optimization” is the top performing component while “ Promotion and Improvement ” is the least performing component. The study's results provide a roadmap for the Egyptian construction industry to adopt MC, which can improve the construction sector, particularly in residential construction. Additionally, the findings of this research help fill a gap in knowledge about the enablers that can enhance the use of MC in developing countries.

Climate change poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, especially in hot climates that adversely affect chicken growth, development, and productivity through heat stress. This literature review evaluates the evolutionary background of chickens with the specific genetic characteristics that can help chickens to cope with hot conditions. Both natural selection and human interventions have influenced the genetic characteristics of the breeds used in the current poultry production system. The domestication of chickens from the Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) has resulted in the development of various breeds with distinct genetic differences. Over the past few years, deliberate breeding for desirable traits (such as meat production and egg quality) in chickens has resulted in the emergence of various economically valuable breeds. However, this selective breeding has also caused a decrease in the genetic diversity of chickens, making them more susceptible to environmental stressors like heat stress. Consequently, the chicken breeds currently in use may possess a limited ability to adapt to challenging conditions, such as extreme heat. This review focuses on evaluating potential genes and pathways responsible for heat tolerance, including heat shock response, antioxidant defense systems, immune function, and cellular homeostasis. This article will also discuss the physiological and behavioral responses of chicken varieties that exhibit genetic resistance to heat, such as the naked neck and dwarf traits in different indigenous chickens. This article intends to review the current genomic findings related to heat tolerance in chickens that used methods such as the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, offering valuable insights for the sustainability of poultry in the face of global warming.

Zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs) present unique optoelectronic properties in the large-spectrum range from UV to visible. However, the origin of luminescence in GQDs is still a debatable question. Therefore, the present work investigates the features of trap-mediated and edge-state-functionalized group-associated luminescence enhancement of GQDs. The attached functional groups’ involvement in the upsurge of photoluminescence has been discussed theoretically as well as experimentally. In addition, the role of the aromatic ring, the functional group attached, and their positions of attachment to the aromatic ring to tune the emission wavelength and Raman modes have been elucidated theoretically as well as experimentally. We found that in the case of the –OH group attached outside of the aromatic ring, the long-range π hybridization dominates, which suggests that the emission from this model can be dictated by long-range π hybridization. In particular, we found that oxygen-containing functional groups attached outside of the aromatic ring are the main source of the luminescence signature in GQDs. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) indicates that the –OH functional group attached outside of the aromatic ring perfectly matched with our experimental results, as the experimental bandgap (2.407 eV) is comparable with the theoretical simulated bandgap (2.399 eV) of the –OH group attached outside of the aromatic ring.

Abstract Background Urinary bladder masses in children are extremely rare. Certain benign conditions (e.g., ureterocele) can mimic malignant bladder masses. In this report, we present a unique case of a urachal cyst masquerading as a bladder malignancy. Unlike the typical location of urachal cysts along the course of the urachal tract, the cyst in this case was unexpectedly situated within the urinary bladder, leading to diagnostic difficulties. Case presentation A 2-year-old Bahraini boy presented with hematuria and dysuria for 2 weeks. There was no history of fever, abdominal pain, or vomiting. Physical examination yielded normal findings. Urinalysis showed numerous red blood cells and revealed positive results for nitrites and leukocyte esterase. Abdominal ultrasound showed a well-defined soft tissue lesion with internal vascularity located at the apex of the urinary bladder. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a thick-walled cystic structure arising from the anterosuperior wall of the bladder and protruding into its lumen. The patient underwent complete excision of the bladder lesion for the presumed diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Histopathological examination showed a fluid-filled space lined by stratified squamous epithelium with areas of intestinal metaplasia, revealing an unexpected diagnosis of a urachal cyst. The patient was discharged with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Intravesical urachal cysts are a rare type of congenital urachal anomaly that may simulate a bladder malignancy, particularly if associated with infection. This case emphasizes the importance of considering urachal cysts in the differential diagnosis of bladder masses, especially in children, and specifically when the lesion is midline in the anterosuperior wall of the bladder.

Abstract Due to enhanced heat transfer rate, the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluids have significant industrial uses. The principal objective of this exploration is to investigate how thermal radiation influences the velocity and temperature profile. A water-based rotational nanofluid flow with constant angular speed $${\Omega }$$ Ω is considered for this comparative study. A similarity conversion is applied to change the appearing equations into ODEs. Three different nanoparticles i.e., copper, aluminum, and titanium oxide are used to prepare different nanofluids for comparison. The numerical and graphical outputs are gained by employing the bvp-4c procedure in MATLAB. The results for different constraints are represented through graphs and tables. Higher heat transmission rate and minimized skin friction are noted for triple nanoparticle nanofluid. Skin coefficients in the x-direction and y-direction have reduced by 50% in trihybrid nanofluid by keeping mixed convection levels between the range $$3

The gear is a very important component of power transmission in a flying vehicle and rotating mechanisms etc... In this paper, the dynamic effect and stresses generated as a result of the mash gear will be studied by designing light-weight gears by making lightening holes of multiple diameters (14, 19, 24 and 29) mm at serval speeds (500,1000,1500,2000) that represent the variables parameter with a fixed dimension between the center of the holes and the center of rotation of the gear 43 mm and the number of 5 holes for gears with reduction ratios of gear mass ranging from (3.6%-15%) that represent the constant parameter. The 5-hole gear is better with a hole diameter (0.1085 * Dp) which is equivalent to 19 mm in this research with respect to the gear diameter of 175 mm. Where the maximum value of stress concentration in the root of the tooth reached 0.655 M.N/m^2.

Abstract Introduction Inconvenient administration and side effects of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) can deter adherence. We evaluated treatment satisfaction with cladribine tablets (CladT) for RMS in the Arabian Gulf. Methods This was a non-interventional, multicentre, prospective observational study in non-pregnant/lactating adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with RMS eligible for 1st treatment with CladT (EU labelling). The primary outcome was overall treatment satisfaction at 6 months (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication [TSQM]-14, v. 1.4), Global Satisfaction subscale. Secondary endpoints were TSQM-14 scores for convenience, satisfaction with side effects and satisfaction with effectiveness. Patients provided written informed consent. Results Of 63 patients screened, 58 received CladT and 55 completed the study. Mean age was 33 ± 9 years; mean weight 73 ± 17 kg; 31% male/69% female; mostly from the United Arab Emirates (52%) or Kuwait (30%). All had RMS (mean 0.9 ± 1.1 relapses in the past year), mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1.4 ± 1.2; 36% were DMT-naïve. Mean [95% CI] score was high for overall treatment satisfaction (77.8 [73.0–82.6]), ease of use (87.4 [83.7–91.0]), tolerability (94.2 [91.0–97.3]) and effectiveness (76.2 [71.6–80.7]). Scores were similar irrespective of DMT history, age, gender, relapse history or EDSS. No relapses or serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) occurred. Two severe TEAE occurred (fatigue, headache) and 16% reported lymphopenia (two cases of grade 3 lymphopenia). Absolute lymphocyte counts at baseline and 6 months were 2.2 ± 0.8 × 109/L and 1.3 ± 0.3 × 109/L, respectively. Conclusions Treatment satisfaction, ease of use, tolerability and patient-perceived effectiveness for CladT were high, irrespective of baseline demographics, disease characteristics and prior treatment.

This study introduces a new and waste-to-waste treatment approach to isolate cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Rejected brine solution from desalination plant was utilized to remove noncellulosic components from the date palm leaves. Free chlorine available in rejected brine solution was responsible for the separation of cellulose from lignocellulosic structure. The proximate analysis revealed that the isolated cellulose exhibited a substantial volatile content of 83.70%, rendering it well-suited to produce bio-oil. Various other analytical techniques including FTIR, chemical composition analysis, proximate and ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to confirm the cellulose enrichment. Cellulose fibers with needle−shaped morphology were obtained. Cellulose fibers were having high thermal stability (Tonset = 250 ○C) and crystallinity index (64.75%) compared to raw waste (Tonset = 226 ○C; 53.58%). In addition, the activation energy (Ea) of both date palm leaves and isolated cellulose were investigated using the Coats−Redfern model−fitting method. The activation energy values obtained were 79.39 kJ/mol for date palm leaves and 103.27 kJ/mol for isolated cellulose. This research shows a completely new process for pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to isolate cellulose. This approach helps reduce the waste management cost associated with date palm waste and desalination plants to promote the concept of circular economy. Moreover, enriched cellulose derived from waste palm leaves using desalination brine presents sustainable options for eco−friendly packaging, textiles, biodegradable composites, and enhanced bio-oil production applications.

Termites are global pest for man-made structures, and in some parts of the world, they infest agricultural crops as well. Termite control relies predominately on chemical insecticides, but the negative impacts of synthetic termiticides on the environment limit their applications. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered an environmentally friendly alternative. Nevertheless, termites have developed various defensive behavioral strategies to circumvent EPF. In this review, we summarize (1) the use of EPF as a biological control agent and strategies/defenses of termites that minimize the effectiveness of EPF, (2) the potential of integrating entomopathogenic fungi with RNA interference (RNAi) as an effective termite control strategy, (3) discussed nanoparticles (silver, chitosan, titanium, etc) which are biosynthesized from different EPF. Nanoparticles have the ability to deliver RNAi triggers (dsRNA/siRNA), so we proposed the synthesis of EPF-based nanoparticles and dsRNA/siRNA complex as potential strategy to control termite pests.

BackgroundPakistan is among top countries for antibiotic consumption around the globe and patients often receive antibiotics directly from community pharmacies. Thus, our aim was to assess the drug dispensing practices of pharmacies for presumed and confirmed tuberculosis by using standardized patients’ method in Pakistan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we adopted two standardized patient cases in pharmacies of three cities of Punjab. The first case involved a presumed tuberculosis patient presenting with 2–3 weeks of cough and fever (Case-1), and the second case involved a confirmed tuberculosis patient carrying microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis results (Case-2). The ideal management for Cases-1 and Case-2 is referral of standardized patients to a healthcare provider without dispensing antibiotics or steroids, or both. The differences in antibiotic use, steroid use, and the number of medicines dispensed in referred and non-referred patients between Case-1 and Case-2 were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsBetween April 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, standardized patients completed 575 out of 598 interactions among community pharmacies in Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Sialkot. We recorded ideal management in 115 (37.7%) of the 305 Case-1 interactions and 130 (48.1%) of the 270 Case-2 interactions. Antibiotic dispensing was higher in Case-1, with 71 out of 305 instances (23.3%), than in Case-2 interactions, with 27 out of 270 instances (10.0%). Anti-tuberculosis drugs were dispensed to 1 patient in Case-1 (0.3%) and to 19 patients (7.0%) in Case-2.ConclusionSlightly more than one-third of pharmacies in Punjab, Pakistan, ideally managed patients with presumed tuberculosis, but almost half of them ideally managed cases of confirmed tuberculosis. The presence of confirmed diagnosis slightly changes the behavior in the correct management of patients.

A major challenge in the treatment of infectious illnesses is multi-drug resistance. The study investigates the synthesis of nickel nanowires followed by their characterization through various analytical methods including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of nickel nanowires were evaluated against Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter) bacterial species. Nickel nanowires depicted significant antibacterial properties against Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity than selected antibiotics called Levofloxacin. This revealed their effectiveness in combating resistance prevalent among bacteria across the world.

Objective: To explore the techniques for predicting risk-causing arrhythmia in cardiac patients. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal Study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, and Government College University, Faisalabad from Jul to Oct 2017. Methodology: The Electrocardiograms of 24-hour Holter monitoring were collected from the Electrophysiology Department. Electrocardiogram data was collected in the portable document format that was further transformed into Image format for computational analysis. Administrative data were analysed in multiple episodes of cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Data were classified by using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on computing the results of selected T-waves in three consecutive peaks within each cardiac cycle of patients. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients diagnosed with arrhythmia were selected. The mean episode of premature ventricular contractions in participants was 21.5±30. The mean duration of significant ECG episodes was 3.33±9.65 (seconds). The accuracy and precision rate of the classifier was about 81% for the overall significance of data that exhibited the risk of causing future life-threatening arrhythmia. Conclusion: This study introduces an innovative approach based on clinical paradigms that may help prevent the upcoming cardiac arrhythmogenesis events.

Retroperitoneal liposarcomas are rare malignant tumours that often grow rapidly in size and become symptomatic late in the disease course, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although abdominal imaging can reliably diagnose the tumour, definitive diagnosis is only possible through biopsy after surgical excision, which remains the primary treatment modality for these tumours. Long-term survival is primarily determined through histologic grade and post-resection tumour margins. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient, seen at Dr Ruth KM Pfau Hospital Karachi, who underwent successful surgical excision for a well-differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma and had no radiographic evidence of local recurrence at both 3 and 12-month follow-ups. Keywords: Retroperitoneal liposarcoma, surgical excision, tumour recurrence, tumour grade.

BackgroundPlayerUnknown’s battlegrounds (PUBG), a widely played multiplayer online game, has sparked interest and concern regarding its impact on players. This study explored the relationship between factors such as cultivation level, motivation, religious engagement, gaming disorder, and addiction among PUBG players.MethodsThis study employed a convenience sampling technique to select a sample of 500 PUBG players. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to identify the primary factors contributing to the level of cultivation.ResultsMale participants exhibited a higher level of cultivation than their female counterparts did. According to the ANN model, gaming disorder exhibited the greatest normalized importance, with a value of 100%. This was followed by the religious level, which had a normalized importance of 54.6%. Additionally, motivation level and gaming addiction demonstrated normalized importance values of 47.6 and 44.4%, respectively. This study revealed a statistically significant correlation between engaging in PUBG and the cultivation effect observed among respondents.ConclusionThis study highlights several noteworthy factors, including gaming disorder, religious affiliation, motivation level, and gaming addiction. These factors offer valuable insights into understanding gaming behavior and devising effective interventions.

In this article application of neural network using Levenberg–Marquardt Back-propagation is implemented on differential model to study and analyze ringworm infectious disease. The formulated system of differential equations is consisting of following parts, namely; S(t) population which is at verge of being infected by ringworm, E(t) shows the environment effected by dermetophytosis fungus, I(t) whereas represent the infected individuals, R(t) and shows the population which has recovered from the infection. The solutions of different categories are represented by considering distinct datasets modeled and designed using LMB neural network. The numerical scheme Adam has been employed to establish a reference data set of the designed LMB neural network. The approximate outcomes of the SEIR based on dispersing and curing are discussed using the authentication, testing and training procedures to truncate the mean square error in function with help of LMB. The mean square error, regression, error histograms are generated to produce efficiency, effectiveness and correctness of proposed LMB neural network scheme.

Persistent inflammation contributes to various inflammatory conditions. Inflammation-related diseases may be treated by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Curcumin and coumarin derivatives can target signalling pathways and cellular factors to address immune-related and inflammatory ailments. This study involved designing and synthesising three series of coumarin-based analogs that incorporated curcumin and other heterocycles. These analogs were evaluated for their potential as anti-inflammatory agents in LPS-induced macrophages. Among the fourteen synthesised coumarin derivatives, compound 14b, which contained 3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene hydrazinyl, demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory activity with an EC50 value of 5.32 μM. The anti-inflammatory effects of 14b were achieved by modulating signalling pathways like AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1, and downregulating NF-kβ, resulting in reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The modelling studies revealed that 14b and dexamethasone bind to the same TNF-α pocket, suggesting that 14b has potential as a therapeutic agent superior to dexamethasone for TNF-α.

Abstract This research analyzes the three-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic nanofluid flow through chemical reaction and thermal radiation above the dual stretching surface in the presence of an inclined magnetic field. Different rotational nanofluid and hybrid nanofluids with constant angular velocity $${\upomega }^{*}$$ ω ∗ for this comparative study are considered. The constitutive relations are used to gain the equations of motion, energy, and concentration. This flow governing extremely non-linear equations cannot be handled by an analytical solution. So, these equations are transformed into ordinary differential equalities by using the similarity transformation and then handled in MATLAB by applying the boundary values problem practice. The outcomes for the considered problem are accessed through tables and graphs for different parameters. A maximum heat transfer amount is observed in the absence of thermal radiation and when the inclined magnetic field and axis of rotation are parallel.

Abstract In present times modern electronic devices often come across thermal difficulties as an outcome of excessive heat production or reduction in surface area for heat exclusion. The current study is aimed to inspect the role of iron (III) oxide in heat transfer enhancement over the rotating disk in an axisymmetric flow. Water is utilized as base fluid conveying nano-particle over the revolving axisymmetric flow mechanism. Additionally, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is taken into consideration to design and compute the present problem. For our convenience, two-dimensional axisymmetric flow configurations are considered to illustrate the different flow profiles. For radial, axial, and tangential velocity profiles, the magnitude of the velocity, streamlines, and surface graphs are evaluated with the similarity solution in the computational fluid dynamics module. The solution of dimensionless equations and the outcomes of direct simulations in the CFD module show a comparable solution of the velocity profile. It is observed that with an increment in nanoparticle volumetric concentration the radial velocity decline where a tangential motion of flow enhances. Streamlines stretch around the circular surface with the passage of time. The high magnetization force $$0 \le {{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}\le 6$$ 0 ≤ m 1 ≤ 6 resist the free motion of the nanofluid around the rotating disk. Such research has never been done, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge. The outcomes of this numerical analysis could be used for the design, control, and optimization of numerous thermal engineering systems, as described above, due to the intricate physics of nanofluid under the influences of magnetic field and the inclusion of complex geometry. Ferrofluids are metallic nanoparticle colloidal solutions. These kinds of fluids do not exist in nature. Depending on their purpose, ferrofluids are produced using a variety of processes. One of the most essential characteristics of ferrofluids is that they operate in a zero-gravity environment. Ferrofluids have a wide range of uses in engineering and medicine. Ferrofluids have several uses, including heat control loudspeakers and frictionless sealing. In the sphere of medicine, however, ferrofluid is employed in the treatment of cancer via magneto hyperthermia.

Abstract The temperature dependent thermophysical fluid properties have numerous aspects in different industries and engineering processes in which heat transmission is based on fluid flow. For such heat transmission processes, heat transmission system is highly fluctuated with variation of viscosity. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the transfer of heat in magnetized Carreau fluid with chemical reaction and under influence of thermal radiation over nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface. Additionally, we have incorporated variable heat dependent thermophysical properties to analyze the heat transfer in magnetized Carreau fluid. Set of flow governing non linear PDE’s are obtained using Carreau fluid tensor and boundary layer approximation (BLA) theory. Dimensionless set of ODE’s are obtained using suitable similarity transforms. Shooting method in conjunction with Newton's method have been utilized to solve the problem. It is noted that when stretching $$B\ge 0$$ B ≥ 0 is significant with strictly increasing mass suction $$S$$ S shear stress rate increase with minor levels and sharp increase has been observed in Nusselt number, whereas in shrinking case $$B

The Art of Animation is always moving towards creativity and distinction, and as long as animation artists succeed in drowning joy and happiness on the faces of adults and children of the audience of that beautiful art through different types and works of art with its multiple techniques whether two - dimensional or three - dimensional animation technology, clay ,Cut out techniques or moving the puppet technique of moving frame by frame it's production forms vary between long and narrative films, short films, serials, promotional advertisements, or animation breaks displayed on satellite channels , we here in this research to shed light on a short animation separator shown on satellite channel during the holy month of Ramadan. Animation it is a Tow - dimensional animation technique to implement rhythmic interval animation. The research also addressed in this rhythmic interval to shed light on the growth of the rhythmic and creativity role of tow - dimensional movement through a rhythmic musical piece that was played with strings, which is a song, and vocalist. The Egyptian . who is full of many traditional songs that have been stuch in the minds and hearts of the Egyptian people old and young .That song was composed and composed by ( Ahmed Abd El-Qader from 1916th aged ), The Egyptian artist and singer who accompanied the opening of the Egyptian Radio at 1934th year and was one of the first singers who participated in singing in its programs since the first week.The rhythmic musician has a role in highlighting and intensifying the dramatic event in animation films, so there must be a dynamic connection between what appears with in the frame of the picture and what the recipients hear, as the music that is not synchronized with the movement may lead to a dramatic negative result in the breaks or animated films. From here this must be translated. The inter connectedness of rhythmic movement and music makes the animation to the dramatic through the perception of the animator.

Beneficial plant microbes can enhance the growth and quality of field crops. However, the benefits of microbes using cheap and efficient inoculation methods are still uncommon. Seed coating with biocontrol agents can reduce the amount of inocula along with having the potential for large-scale application. Hence, in this research work, the comparative potential of tomato seed coating and biopriming with Bacillus aryabhattai Z-48, harboring multiple plant-beneficial traits, to suppress Fusarium wilt disease along with its beneficial effect on seedling and plant growth promotion was analyzed. Among two bacterial strains, B. aryabhattai Z-48 was able to antagonize the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in vitro and its application as a seed coating superiorly benefited seedling traits like the germination percentage, vigor index, and seedling growth index along with a reduced germination time. The seed coating with B. aryabhattai Z-48 resulted in significant increases in the shoot length, root length, dry biomass, and total chlorophyll contents when compared with the bioprimed seeds with the same bacterial strain and non-inoculated control plants. The seed coating with B. aryabhattai Z-48 significantly reduced the disease index (>60%) compared with the pathogen control during pot trials. Additionally, the seed coating with B. aryabhattai Z-48 resulted in a significantly higher production of total phenolics, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme in tomato plants. The GC/MS-based non-targeted metabolic profiling indicated that the seed coating with B. aryabhattai Z-48 could cause large-scale metabolite perturbations in sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, and organic acids to increase the fitness of tomato plants against biotic stress. Our study indicates that a tomato seed coating with B. aryabhattai Z-48 can improve tomato growth and suppress Fusarium wilt disease effectively under conventional agricultural systems.