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Background : We use neuropsychological tests to determine and monitor the impact of mental illness and brain disease on cognitive function. Assessment of time perception is a common component of neuropsychological tests. A majority of time perception studies use computer displays, although using smartphone or tablet software might offer advantages in some cases. Result : In this study, we developed an open-source, iPadOS-based neuropsychological tool for testing time perception that makes use of the most recent hardware and software developments. We designed this software natively for iPadOS, using the low-level Metal interface to access the graphics processing unit for high-timing performance. PerPsych makes it quicker and simpler for researchers to conduct studies on time perception in individuals with cognitive impairment. Conclusion : PerPsych is an iPadOS-based open-source neuropsychological software for time perception assessment. The information gathered using this software can be utilized in papers that attempt to monitor and diagnose neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Objectives An important task of the forensic anthropologist in unidentified human remains cases is establishing the identity of the deceased. A forensic anthropologist typically examines the remains in such a case to determine the biological characteristics of the deceased, such as their age, sex, height, and ethnicity, to narrow down the search for the missing. The purpose of this study was the comparison stature estimation from foot, forearm and hand length between Iranian and Pakistani students. Methods Our measurement procedure involved measuring the foot, forearm and hand lengths of 160 Iranian and 200 Pakistani students. A random sampling of 18 to 22-year-olds was used to carry out the survey. Cluster sampling was used to select the subjects for the present descriptive and analytic study. In order to measure the anthropometrics, we used metal and plastic tape, a goniometer, a caliper, and a scale. Foot forearm and hand measurements were taken separately. Results The mean ± SD of the stature were 178.228 ± 6.319 cm and 167.610 ± 7.580 cm in Pakistani males and females, respectively, and in Iranian males and females were 180.446 ± 5.569 cm and 164.435 ± 5.072 cm, respectively. In both Pakistani and Iranian populations, the regression model is meaningful (P = 0.000), except for Pakistani male students' foot length (P = 0.107) and Iranian female students' hand length (P = 0.102). Conclusion We found that the foot, forearms, and hand length are correlated with height. Therefore, they can be used for estimating stature.

Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective herbicide that induces oxidative reactions and multiple-organ failure on exposure. Crocin, a carotenoid obtained from saffron, has demonstrated many therapeutic effects against neural conditions because of its antioxidant properties. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups to evaluate the protective effects of crocin and crocin-loaded niosomes (NC) against PQ in the brain. The levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured as the markers of redox status. Histopathological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were evaluated by cresyl violet staining. Results indicated that both crocin and NC were able to attenuate the adverse effects of PQ at the histopathological level, which was following the changes in LPO (P < 0.0001), TAC (P < 0.01), and TTG (P < 0.05) level. The activity of CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) could be restored either by crocin or NC. Also, results indicated that nanoformulation of crocin in niosomes appears to be more promising. In conclusion, both crocin and NC showed favourable effects of PQ in the brain of rats, and were determined to be excellent agents to prevent acute toxicities of PQ. Furthermore, these two compounds can be known to provide neuroprotection.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious concerns for people around the world. The COVID-19 is associated with respiratory failure, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the lack of antioxidants among patients. Specified ROS levels have an essential role as an adjuster of immunological responses and virus cleaners, but excessive ROS will oxidize membrane lipids and cellular proteins and quickly destroy virus-infected cells. It can also adversely damage normal cells in the lungs and even the heart, resulting in multiple organ failures. Given the above, a highly potent antioxidant therapy can be offered to reduce cardiac loss due to COVID-19. In modern medicine, nanoparticles containing antioxidants can be used as a high-performance therapy in reducing oxidative stress in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. This can provide a free and interactive tool to determine whether antioxidants and nanoantioxidants can be administered for COVID-19. More research and studies are needed to investigate and make definitive opinions about their medicinal uses.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a viral disease spread by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Because the recent pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, understanding various aspects of this disease has become critical. SARS‐CoV‐2 can affect a variety of organs and systems in the body. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in regulating body functions, and its dysfunction can cause a great deal of discomfort for patients. In this study, we focused on the effect of COVID‐19 on the autonomic system and syndromes associated with it, such as postural orthostatic syndrome (POTS).

Addiction medicine is a dynamic field that encompasses clinical practice and research in the context of societal, economic, and cultural factors at the local, national, regional, and global levels. This field has evolved profoundly during the past decades in terms of scopes and activities with the contribution of addiction medicine scientists and professionals globally. The dynamic nature of drug addiction at the global level has resulted in a crucial need for developing an international collaborative network of addiction societies, treatment programs and experts to monitor emerging concerns at national, regional, and global levels. In this protocol, methodological details of running longitudinal surveys at national, regional, and global levels through the Global Expert Network of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM-GEN) are presented. The surveys will be developed by global experts in addiction medicine on treatment services, service coverage, comorbidities, treatment standards and barriers, emerging drug addictions and/or dynamic changes in treatment needs across the world. Survey participants in categories of (1) addiction societies/associations, (2) addiction treatment programs, (3) addiction experts/clinicians and (4) related stakeholders will respond to these longitudinal global surveys. The results will be analyzed and cross-examined with available data and peer-reviewed for publication.

This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on grade 1 and 2 pressure wounds in 120 patients with cerebral-spinal cord lesions. The patients were randomly divided into four groups (Patients in each group in this study did not significantly differ in demographic and clinical variables. Complete wound healing by the 10SHE, as a novel treatment option, has good potential to accelerate the healing of first- and second-degree pressure wounds in patients with brain-spinal cord injuries.

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease and to improve heart function. Right ventricular (RV) function is unclear based on myocardial velocities before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. RV dysfunction is a known cause of hypotension in early CABG surgery. The diastolic function has been shown to be a significant contributor to mortality and cardiac morbidity in recent years. Our study aimed to assess RV diastolic dysfunction after CABG surgery. Methods: Forty-four patients with the two-vessel disease (2 VD), small vessel disease (SVD) and three-vessel disease (3 VD) facial ischemia candidates for CABG surgery were studied. All patients underwent colour Doppler and RV strain echocardiography before and one month after CABG surgery, and patients’ RV function indices were calculated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software and a value of PResults: Out of forty patients, the male to female ratio was 32:8 and their mean age was 65.17 ± 7.87 years and their mean body mass index was 25.59± 3.20. Four patients were operated on without pumps. One month after CABG, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and RV Diameter indexes increased significantly. Fractional area change (FAC), RV global longitudinal strain (GLS), Tissue Doppler imaging systolic wave (SM), RV myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) decreased, which was less in the 3VD group than in the 1VD/2VD group (P Conclusion: RV diastolic function is significantly reduced after CABG surgery. Surgery without the pump can certainly not eliminate this dysfunction and be effective in reducing its severity.

Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin and curcumin on liver transaminases, lipid profile, oxidant and antioxidant system, and pathophysiological changes in aluminium phosphide (ALP) induced hepatoxicity. Material and Methods. In this experimental study, thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups curcumin (Cur), nanocurcumin (Nanocur), ALP, ALP+Cur, and ALP+Nanocur. All treatments were performed by oral gavage for seven days. After treatment, animals were sacrificed, and liver and blood samples were taken. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured by photometric methods. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as parameters of oxidative stress and mRNA expression of the nonenzyme protein including Sirtuin 1 (STR1), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and protein O3 (FOXO3), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as the enzyme protein in homogenized tissues have been investigated. A histologist analyzed liver tissue sections after staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. In the aluminium phosphide group, there was a significant increase in MDA, ALT, AST, and AP and total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL; AST, ALT, total bilirubin, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, and MDA were significantly decreased; and HDL and TAC were significantly increased compared to ALP ( P < 0.05 ). In the ALP+Nanocur group, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, and MDA were significantly decreased and HDL and TAC were increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). The effect of nanocurcumin on controlling serum levels of LDL, VLDL, triglyceride, and MDA in ALP-poisoned rats was significantly more than curcumin ( P < 0.05 ). The ALP group had significant changes in genes SIRT1, FOXO1a, FOXO3a, CAT, and GPX compared to healthy controls ( P < 0.05 ). Nanocurcumin mice expressed more SIRT1, FOXO1a, CAT, and GPX genes than controls, and curcumin-treated mice expressed more SIRT1 and FOXO1a genes ( P < 0.05 ). Histopathological findings also indicated a more significant protective effect of nanocurcumin relative to curcumin against ALP-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion. Nanocurcumin significantly protects the liver against aluminum phosphide toxicity. It is suggested that nanocurcumin-based drugs be developed to reduce the toxic effects of ALP in poisoned patients.

Introduction: Paraquat (PQ), as a bipyridyl compound, is widely used as an effective herbicide that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting the unsaturated lipids of cell membranes leading to cell mortality. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication that has a beneficial role in reducing the intoxication of kidneys caused by PQ. Niosomes are bilayer vesicles that enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study aimed to compare the effects of NAC and niosome of NAC (NACNPs) on PQ-induced kidney toxicity concerning its antioxidant activity. Methods: In this experimental study, after formulating NACNP, 30 Wistar male rats weighing 180 to 250 gm were classified into five groups: the control group was treated with normal saline, while the other four groups received 35mg/kg/day of PQ via intraperitoneal route and, was treated with 25mg/kg/day NAC, 25mg/kg/day niosome and 25 mg/kg/day NACNP by gavage, Then, oxidative stress biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total thiol group (TTG), plus blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were evaluated in kidney tissue homogenate and examined histopathologically. Results: The results revealed that TTG increased significantly in NAC & NACNP groups than in the PQ group. Further, in the PQ group, LPO increased significantly compared with the control, NAC, and NACNP groups, while in the NAC and NACNP group, LPO diminished compared with the PQ group. There was no significant difference in TAC between groups. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels dropped in NACNP compared with the PQ group and the NAC. Histological studies also approved PQ-induced damage and the protective effect of NACNP. Conclusion: The results indicated that NACNP could modulate oxidative stress status and kidney function against PQ toxicity.

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease which caused a pandemic with many diseases and fatalities. This new variant of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and is primarily characterized by respiratory symptoms. There are some data indicating that LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated to disease severity and could act as a predictor for disease progression and unfavorable prognosis. However, the results of some other studies do not confirm this. This current study aimed to provide an answer to this question. ----- Methods: This prospective, single-center study analyzed 367 confirmed COVID-19 patients to find whether there are any differences in plasma lipoproteins between survivors and non-survivors patients or between the patients with a "duration of ≤10 days intensive unit care (ICU) stay" and patients with a "duration of >10 days ICU stay". ----- Results: No association between any lipid/lipoprotein parameter and the severity of COVID-19 could be found but survivors and non-survivors did differ concerning total cholesterol and LDL-C levels. ----- Conclusion: Multivariate cox regression analysis could not prove any association between lipids/lipoproteins and severe events in COVID-19 patients. Significantly less non-survivors with COVID-19 were taking atorvastatin than survivors which is consistent with the majority of previous findings.

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of abdominal injuries in patients with trauma, it remains a major public health problem worldwide. Evaluation of hazard ratio (HR) of 90-day mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with abdominal injuries compare with head injuries in trauma patients and non-trauma surgical ICU patients. Methods: This single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted on 400 patients admitted to the ICU between 2018 and 2019 due to trauma or surgery in Hamadan, Iran. The main outcome was mortality at 90-day after ICU admission. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for 90-day mortality. Results: The 90-day mortality was 21.9% in abdominal injuries patients. According to multivariate Cox regression, the expected hazard mortality was 2.758 times higher in patients with abdominal injuries compared to non-trauma patients (HR: 2.758, 95% CI: 1.077–7.063, P=0.034). About more than 50% of all deaths in the abdominal and head trauma groups occurred within 20 days after admission. Mean time to death was 27.85±20.1, 30.27±18.22 and 31.43±26.24 days for abdominal-trauma, surgical-ICU, and head-trauma groups, respectively. Conclusion: Difficulty in accurate diagnosis due to the complex physiological variability of abdominal trauma, less obvious clinical symptoms in blunt abdominal injuries, multi-organ dysfunction in abdominal injuries, failure to provide timely acute care, as well as different treatment methods all account for the high 90-day mortality rate in abdominal-trauma patients. Therefore, these patients need a multidisciplinary team to care for them both in the ICU and afterwards in the general ward.