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This paper introduces an innovative predictive caching strategy tailored to a real-world dataset, specifically the Facebook video dataset. Making caching decisions for the dataset is challenging due to its dynamic nature, where users’ content requests vary over time without fitting into any known models. Traditional caching strategies, which often rely on a constant pool of files, do not suit this dataset as content is requested by users, and then its popularity fades over time; furthermore, the list of available content changes. We propose a two-stage predictive caching strategy. Initially, it forecasts the number of user requests using content features and historical request data, achieved through training a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. Then, we employ our proposed extended Cox proportional hazard (E-CPH) model to predict the survival probability of content. This facilitates proactive content caching. Caching new content is made possible by the timely eviction of content unlikely to be requested again. To incorporate the predicted content popularity and its life cycle into the caching decision, we introduce a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP)-based caching strategy. Here, the survival probability of content contributes to the belief state of the associated content which leads to our believed predicted reward - a cache hit. The caching algorithm then stores the files based on their predicted believed reward taking into account both the popularity and survival probability predictions. Simulation results validate the efficacy of our proposed predictive caching method in enhancing the cache hit rate compared to conventional recurrent neural network (RNN)-based caching and policy-based caching approaches, such as least frequently used caching and its variants.

Abstract Background Drought and salinity stress have been proposed as the main environmental factors threatening food security, as they adversely affect crops' agricultural productivity. As a potential solution, the application of plant growth regulators to enhance drought and salinity tolerance has gained considerable attention. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that accumulates in plants as a response to stressful conditions. This study focused on a comparative assessment of several machine learning (ML) regression models, including radial basis function, generalized regression neural network (GRNN), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) to develop predictive models for assessing the effect of different concentrations of GABA (0, 10, 20, and 40 mM) on various physio-biochemical traits during periods of drought, salinity, and combined stress conditions. The physio-biochemical traits included antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX), protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. The non‑dominated sorting genetic algorithm‑II (NSGA‑II) was employed for optimizing the superior prediction model. Results The GRNN model outperformed the other ML algorithms and was therefore selected for optimization by NSGA-II. The GRNN-NSGA-II model revealed that treatment with GABA at concentrations of 20.90 mM and 20.54 mM, under combined drought and salinity stress conditions at 20.86 and 20.72 days post-treatment, respectively, could result in the maximum values for protein content (by 0.80 and 0.69), APX activity (by 50.63 and 51.51), SOD activity (by 0.54 and 0.53), POD activity (by 1.53 and 1.72), CAT activity (by 4.42 and 5.66), as well as lower MDA levels (by 0.12 and 0.15) and H2O2 levels (by 0.44 and 0.55), respectively, in the ‘Atabaki’ and ‘Rabab’ cultivars. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the GRNN-NSGA-II model, as an advanced ML algorithm with a strong predictive ability for outcomes in combined stressful environmental conditions, provides valuable insights into the significant factors influencing such multifactorial processes.

The aim of this study was to develop a bundle to increase safety of intra-hospital transport in critically ill patients. A qualitative design with Delphi approach was conducted for creation of an intra-hospital transport bundle in 3 steps. First, doctors and nurses were questioned about their encounters with intra-hospital transport incidents. Second, several databases were looked through to find published checklists and recommendations for intra-hospital transport. Third, using this strategy, a bundle was created and reviewed with subject matter experts. The content validity index (CVI), which assesses the degree of expert agreement, was utilized to evaluate each item in the generated bundle. Two evaluation cycles were required before a minimal index could be reached. We looked at the content validity and important weighting of the items. The scale-CVI was calculated using the average of all the elements, and it was 1. The created bundle serves as a framework for directing doctors and nurses during intra-hospital transportation and offers continuity of care to improve patient safety. The techniques suggested in this study can be used to adapt this bundle to the needs of other hospitals., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest during the performance of this study., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article reports a study aimed at developing and validating an Operating Room-to-ICU Patient Handover checklist. Deficient or absent clinical handovers, or failures to transfer information, responsibility, and accountability can have unwanted consequences for hospitalized patients. Clinical handovers are practiced every day, in many ways, in all institutional health care settings. Despite increasing demand for structured processes to guide clinical handovers, standardized handover bundles for nurses and physicians are limited in the intensive care unit. As a result of this study an Operating Room-to-ICU Patient Handover checklist was created, which was based on a quantitative and qualitative research design. This checklist is expected to be helpful for proper patient transfers between these critical areas, ensuring patient safety and efficient quality management., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Meanings and processes of death in Rwanda have changed dramatically in the 25 years following imvururu, the Kinyarwandan term for "interruptions" that signifies the numerous episodes of violence between the late 1950s and mid-1990s. Reflecting on experiences of elderly Rwandans who witnessed imvururu in adulthood, this article traces how death is perceived and practiced in old age, a phase of the life course that is marked with relative political calm. Although traces of imvururu permeate the present, these ordinary times-ibihe bisanzwe-afford opportunities for the elderly to alter their notions of death as an event by making it a personal process, reviving valued preparation practices from the past and creating new ones with the young. This peopled account invites alternative ways of thinking about time and recognizing death's role in infusing meaning back into life in contexts where accounts of the everyday remain frozen in an apocalyptic imaginary. [aging, death, ordinary, temporality, Rwanda]., (© 2022 by the American Anthropological Association.)

Large parts of the Sahara Desert and Arabia are covered by sand seas and sand dunes, which are inhabited by specialized animal communities. For example, many lizards have developed adaptations to life in loose sand, including sand-swimming behavior. The best-known sand swimmers of the Saharo-Arabia are the sandfish skinks (genus Scincus). Although there are currently only four Scincus species recognized, their phylogenetic relationships have not yet been addressed in detail. We use eight genetic markers (three mitochondrial, five nuclear) and a complete sampling of species to infer the relationships within the genus. We employ multiple phylogenetic approaches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of these skinks and to assess the level of reticulation at the onset of their radiation. Our results indicate the presence of five strongly supported species-level lineages, four represented by the currently recognized species and the fifth by S. scincus conirostris, which does not form a clade with S. scincus. Based on these results we elevate the Iranian and northern Arabian S. conirostris to the species level. The two Saharan species, S. albifasciatus and S. scincus, are sister in all analyses. Deeper relationships within the genus, however, remained largely unresolved despite the extensive genetic data set. This basal polytomy, together with the fact that we detected no sign of hybridization in the history of the genus, indicates that the diversification of the five Scincus species was rapid, burst-like, and not followed by secondary hybridization events. Divergence time estimations show a Middle Pliocene crown radiation of the genus (3.3 Mya). We hypothesize that the aridification of the Saharo-Arabia that began in the Late Miocene triggered the initial diversification of Scincus, and that the subsequent expansion of sand deserts enabled their dispersal over the large Saharan and Arabian range. We discuss the evolution of body form in sand swimming lizards and ponder how Scincus retained their fully limbed morphology despite being sand swimmers that are typically limbless., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In Rwanda, disruptions to family and social life as a result of the 1994 genocide, and the economic transformations in its aftermath, have complicated the fabric of elder care across the country. In this article, I focus on how elderly Rwandans are reconfiguring their care networks - many of which were destroyed during the genocide - by acting as caregivers and care receivers for each other on a daily basis. Although emotionally and physically taxing, elderly Rwandans emphasize that the "small things" embedded in the giving and receiving of care are intricately connected to how personal and collective dignity is cultivated.