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Objectives: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common injured knee ligaments and it is one of the most frequent injuries seen in orthopaedic practice. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 20 patients (14 female and 6 male) with ACL tear managed by intra articular activated PRP injection in the first author private clinic in Kirkuk over 2 years period (August 1, 2017–July 31, 2019). A detailed history was taken according to a questionnaire and a complete physical and radiological (MRI) examination was done. A sample of patient’s own blood was used to prepare PRP by a process of two repeated centrifugation. Longevity resources EXT50 Ozone Generator with oxygen tank and CGA870 Oxygen Regulator were used for activation of PRP. The clinical notes were reviewed to ascertain the clinical presentations and response of patients to PRP therapy. Results: The mean age was 55 ± 10.38 years. The age groups affected with ACL were 50–59 and 60–69 years (n: 7, 35%) for each, while (n: 5,25%) from age group 40–49 years and (n: 1, 5%) was from age group 20–29. Although 19 patient (95%) have at least one co-morbid condition, all the patient (n: 20, 100%) show good response. 7 patient (35%) received three doses of PRP and 13 patient (65%) received four doses to get good response. Conclusion: Even though PRP and Ozone are not expensive therapies, they seem to be safe and effective in pain management of ACL tear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective randomized case control study aimed to investigate effect of oral agar administration in reducing total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels in full-term neonates with jaundice in comparison with control. One hundred sixty full-term neonates were enrolled with TSB 10–19 mg/dl at first week of age from Assiut University Children's Hospital. Neonates were divided according to TSB into outpatient group (n = 100) (TSB 10–15 mg/dl) and admitted group (n = 60) (TSB > 15–19 mg/dl). Outpatients group were subdivided into agar group received oral agar and control group received placebo. Admitted group were subdivided into agar group received oral agar plus phototherapy combination and control group received phototherapy alone. Neonates in the agar supplementation received oral agar 600 mg/kg/day dissolved in 10 ml distilled water twice daily till TSB decreased to 7 mg/dl. Daily weight, stool frequency and side effects of treatment were observed for each group. TSB was determined pretreatment then serially every 48 h until TSB level reaching ≤7 mg/dl. Agar fed was effective in lowering TSB in neonates with TSB 10–15 mg/dl. TSB percentage changes were not significantly lower in agar-fed newborn with TSB >15–19 mg/dl compared with control groups after 24 h and 7 days. Age fed shortened the time required to decrease TSB and increased stooling frequency. Oral agar supplemented feeding at 600 mg/kg/day is safe for full-term neonates and useful in decreasing TSB and phototherapy duration. The efficacy of phototherapy in decreasing TSB level in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can be augmented with oral agar usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to evaluate the anesthetic, cardiorespiratory, and sedative effects of lidocaine, medetomidine and lidocaine-medetomidine used for intravenous regional analgesia (IVRA) in the hind limb of goats. The anatomical venous map of the pes region was evaluated. Twenty-one mature native female goats were allocated to this study. They were divided into two groups: The first group (n.= 6) was subjected to anatomical evaluation and the second group (n.= 15) was randomly divided into three equal subgroups, which were subjected to the technique of IVRA. The animals received lidocaine HCl (LID), medetomidine HCl (MED), and combination of the two drugs (LID-MED) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd subgroups respectively. The anesthetic score and cardiorespiratory values were recorded at the baseline (0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes post anesthetic injection and at 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after removal of the elastic tourniquet. The results revealed that the venous networking in the dorsal aspect of the pes composes of two metatarsal veins in four specimens and three veins in two specimens, which unite at the proximal third of the metatarsal to form a single vein. The onset of desensitization was 12.0±6.0 seconds in LID and LID-MED subgroups. The duration of sedation was 85.0±12.0 minutes (MED) and 91.0±10.0 minutes (LID-MED). The anesthetic score was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in LID and LID-MED subgroups. Marked bradycardia and increased respiratory rate were observed in MED and LID-MED subgroups. It could be concluded that the lidocaine-medetomidine combination that used for intravenous regional anesthesia in goats gives satisfactory results regarding to the sedative and anesthetic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of toxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites. Heat- and acid-treated yeasts, probiotic bacteria and their combination were used to remove AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 from human and animal food. RESULTS The in vitro study revealed that the highest removal percentage of AFs in phosphate-buffered saline was recorded after 72 h with the yeast-probiotic coctile, reaching 95.59%. Therefore, this coctile was added to Cerelac contaminated with AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, and the removal percentages were 8.17%, 36.12%, 44.75%, 64.72% and 93.21% after 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. Cerelac yeast-probiotic coctile was administered to female rats and the results showed that all AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) were detected in the serum of mother rats for both AF groups III and IV. On the other hand, AFM1 and AFM2 metabolites were not observed in mothers' sera but were detected in all infants of groups III and IV. Meanwhile, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were not observed in infants' sera. CONCLUSION A mixture of yeast-probiotic coctile was successful in reducing the level of AF in rat sera and diminished the deleterious effect of AFs on animal health. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the results of a study that investigated the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their spatiotemporal distribution in prenatal and postnatal retina and optic nerve of a mouse. A discussion on materials and methods is given, including processing of animals and tissue and immunohistochemistry of mouse retina. The study observed biglycan, chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) in the retina and optic nerve during the embryonic day. It concludes that proteoglycans have overlapping or unique roles in the retina and optic nerve's development and maintenance.