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الملخص: أهداف البحث: تم مؤخرا اقتراح مشاركة البروتين المفرز الناجم عن ونت-1 (ويسب1/سي سي إن 4) في العديد من التفاعلات مع الالتهاب. ومع ذلك، فإن دوره في التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لا يزال موضع جدل. تم الإبلاغ عن الارتباطات بين التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي الذي تم تشخيصه بشكل سيئ وعدد من العلامات الكلاسيكية المستمدة من الديموغرافيا والكيمياء الحيوية. تهدف هذه الدراسة للبحث في موثوقية وفعالية تركيزات مصل ''سي سي إن 4''، وجزيء التصاق الخلايا الوعائية -1، وماتريكس ميلوبروتيناز-3، وعامل تحفيز مستعمرة الخلايا المحببة في المراقبة والتقييم لتوقع التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وتلف العظام وارتباطهما بمسار المرض. طريقة البحث: قامت الدراسة بتحليل 128 مريضا مصابا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، بما في ذلك 68 تم تشخيصهم حديثا، و60 تم تشخيصهم مسبقا، و60 كمجموعة مراقبة. تم قياس مستويات العلامات الحيوية باستخدام مقايسة الممتص المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم، وتم قياس المعلمات المخبرية الروتينية مثل المعلمات المصلية والسريرية والكيميائية الحيوية والدموية. تم جمع بيانات الديموغرافيا والقياسات البشرية والأعراض السريرية من خلال المقابلات والاستبيان، وتم استخدام درجة نشاط المرض المشترك 28 لتحديد نشاط المرض. النتائج: أشارت النتائج إلى ارتفاع معنوي في تراكيز أربعة مؤشرات حيوية في مجموعة التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مقارنة بالعينة السليمة. كما تم تسجيل تراكيز مرتفعة في المرضى الذين يعانون من ارتفاع، مقارنة مع المرضى المعتدلين والمنخفضين، وفقا لحالة نشاط ''المرض المشترك 28 إي إس آر''، باستثناء عدد الوحيدات، ونسبة الهيماتوكريت، ومستوى اليوريا. علاوة على ذلك، تم تسجيل ارتباط إيجابي بين مستوى ''سي سي إن 4'' وقيم جزيء التصاق الخلايا الوعائية -1، ماتريكس ميلوبروتيناز-3، عامل تحفيز مستعمرة الخلايا المحببة، درجة نشاط ''المرض المشترك 28 سي آر بي'' ودرجة نشاط ''المرض المشترك 28 إي إس آر''. مستويات العلامات التنبؤية الثلاثة (''سي سي إن 4'' وجزيء التصاق الخلايا الوعائية -1 وماتريكس ميلوبروتيناز-3) كانت مرتفعة في المرضى غير المعالجين، في حين أن مستوى عامل تحفيز مستعمرة الخلايا المحببة لم يظهر أي فرق. الاستنتاجات: تشير هذه البيانات إلى أنه يمكن استخدام ''سي سي إن 4'' بشكل موثوق لتحديد النشاط والاستجابة العلاجية المتعلقة بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، مما يؤدي إلى تشخيص التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مبكرا. Abstract: Background: The involvement of Wnt-1-induced secreted protein-1 (WISP1/CCN4) in several inflammatory reaction has recently been proposed. Nevertheless, this protein's involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains debated. Associations between poorly diagnosed RA and several classical markers derived from demography and biochemistry have been reported. Aim: We sought to investigate the reliability and effectiveness of serum concentrations of CCN4, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), matrix melloprotenase-3 (MMP-3), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in monitoring and predicting RA and bone damage, and their correlation with RA disease course. Methods: The study analyzed 128 patients with RA, comprising 68 newly diagnosed and 60 previously diagnosed patients, as well as 60 controls. Biomarker levels were measured with enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assays. Routine laboratory parameters such as serological, clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters were additionally measured. Demography, anthropometry, and clinical symptom data were collected through interviews and a questionnaire. The joint disease activity score 28 (DAS28) was used to determine disease activity. Results: Concentrations of four biomarkers were significantly higher in the RA group than the healthy controls. Elevated biomarker concentrations were also observed in patients with high, rather than moderate or low, DAS28-ESR activity status, except for monocyte count, hematocrit (%), and urea level. Furthermore, CCN4 level positively correlated with VCAM-1, MMP-3, and GM-CSF levels, DA-S28-CRP and DAS28-ESR. The levels of three predictive markers, CCN4, VCAM-1, and MMP-3, were elevated in non-treated patients, whereas GM-CSF level showed no difference. The highest area under the curve was 73.3% for CCN4, with 93.3% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. Conclusion: Our data suggest that CCN4 can be reliably used to indicate activity and therapeutic response associated with RA, thus facilitating earlier RA diagnosis.

The title compound, bis[dithiobis(formamidinium)] hexabromidoruthenium dibromide trihydrate, [(NH2)2CSSC(NH2)2]2[RuBr6]Br2·3H2O, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Cmcm, Z = 4. The [RuBr6]2− anionic complex has an octahedral structure. The Ru—Br distances fall in the range 2.4779 (4)–2.4890 (4) Å. The S—S and C—S distances are 2.0282 (12) and 1.783 (2) Å, respectively. The H2O molecules, Br− ions, and NH2 groups of the cation are linked by hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the cation is consolidated by intramolecular O—H...Br, O—H...O, N—H...Br and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The [(NH2)2CSSC(NH2)2]2+ cations form a hydrogen-bonded system involving the Br − ions and the water molecules. Two Br − anions form four hydrogen bonds, each with the NH2 groups of two cations, thus linking the cations into a ring. The rings are connected by water molecules, forming N—H...O—H...Br hydrogen bonds.

Abstract A new method to assess the quality of additive manufacturing (AM) metal powders using the triboelectric charging concept is demonstrated using CpTi, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, IN 738, and SS 316L powders. For each powder tested, the surface chemical composition was first analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the composition of the passivation layer. Some modifications to the current GranuCharge™ setup, developed by GranuTools™, were then performed by incorporating a flow rate measuring tool to assess how tribocharging is affected as a function of flow rate. Variations in the tribocharging response have been found with the flow rate of CpTi, AlSi10Mg and SS 316L powders. Moreover, results suggest that the tribocharging behavior might not be the same even with powders fabricated with the same passivation process. Finally, the compressed exponential model of Trachenko and Zaccone was used to reproduce the tribocharging behavior of the powders. The models were found to work best when the stretch constant β = 1.5, which is identical to the value found in other systems such as structural glasses, colloidal gels, entangled polymers, and supercooled liquids, which experience jamming when motion of individual particles become restricted, causing their motion to slow down.

Abstract Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical method for dealing with uncertainty and imprecision in decision-making. Some of the challenges and complexities involved in medical diagnosis can be addressed with the help of fuzzy set theory. Ovarian cancer is a disease that affects the female reproductive system's ovaries, which also make the hormones progesterone and estrogen. The ovarian cancer stages demonstrate how far the disease has spread from the ovaries to other organs. The TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) aids in selecting the best option from a selection of choices by taking into account a number of variables. It provides a ranking or preference order after weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each solution. Intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IFSS) is the framework to deal with the uncertain information with the help of the parameters. The goal of this article is to develop some basic aggregation operators (AOs) based on the IFSS and then use them to diagnose the stages of the ovarian cancer using the TOPSIS technique. Furthermore, the variation of the parameters used in the developed model AOs is also observed and graphically represented.

Abstract A relatively recent approach in molecular graph theory for analyzing chemical networks and structures is called a modified polynomial. It emphasizes the characteristics of molecules through the use of a polynomial-based procedure and presents numerical descriptors in algebraic form. The Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship study makes use of Modified Polynomials (M-Polynomials) as a mathematical tool. M-Polynomials used to create connections between a material’s various properties and its structural characteristics. In this study, we calculated several modified polynomials and gave a polynomial description of the magnesium iodide structure. Particularly, we computed first, second and modified Zagreb indices based M-polynomials. Randić index, and inverse Randić indices based M-polynomials are also computed in this work.

Abstract Eigenvalues have great importance in the field of mathematics, and their relevance extends beyond this area to include several other disciplines such as economics, chemistry, and numerous fields. According to our study, eigenvalues are utilized in chemistry to express a chemical compound’s numerous physical properties as well as its energy form. It is important to get a comprehensive understanding of the interrelationship underlying mathematics and chemistry. The anti-bonding phase is correlated with positive eigenvalues, whereas the bonding level is connected with negative eigenvalues. Additionally, the non-bonded level corresponds to eigenvalues of zero. This study focuses on the analysis of various structures of anticancer drugs, specifically examining their characteristic polynomials, eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix, matching number and nullity. Consequently, the selected structures of the aforementioned anticancer drugs exhibit stability since they are composed of closed-shell molecules, characterized by a nullity value of zero.

In the title compound, C19H17NO5S, the cyclohexene ring adopts nearly an envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, C—H...π interactions connect the molecules by forming layers parallel to the (010) plane. According to the Hirshfeld surface analysis, H...H (36.9%), O...H/H...O (31.0%), C...H/H...C (18.9%) and S...H/H...S (7.9%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.

Introduction. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most common human viral infections and has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Smoking is one of the leading causes of disease and premature death worldwide, responsible for the death of up to six million people annually. The purpose of the current study was to determine the seroprevalence of HSV-1 infection among smokers.‎ Methods. The search strategy was conducted in the period from December 2022 to January 2023. The study included a random sample of 94 (88 males, and 6 females) healthy participants, aged between ≤ 20 to ≥ 60 years, with 50 participants as the control group. The HSV serological testing consisted of detecting antibodies to HSV-1 IgG with the help of ELISA. Results. Most participants were university students, consisting of 45.7% males and 5.3% females, followed by employed smokers, consisting of 0.2% males and 1.1% females. The number of females was much lower than that of males reaching 6.4 and 93.6% respectively, due to customs and traditions. The seroprevalence was 24.47, 22.3 and 2.1% in males and females respectively. The seroprevalence rate was 13.8% in hookah and cigarette smokers, 9% in cigarette smokers and 1.1% in hookah smokers exclusively. The highest rate was observed in the age groups of 21-30 and 31–40 years with 12.80% and 7.40% respectively. Conclusions. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgG was 24.47%, and was higher among hookah and cigarette smokers compared to those who exclusively smoked cigarettes or hookah.

In the title compound, C20H17BrO5S, molecules are connected by intermolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonds with R22(10) ring motifs, forming ribbons along the b-axis direction. C—H...π interactions consolidate the ribbon structure while van der Waals forces between the ribbons ensure the cohesion of the crystal structure. According to a Hirshfeld surface analysis, H...H (40.5%), O...H/H...O (27.0%), C...H/H...C (13.9%) and Br...H/H...Br (11.7%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. The thiophene ring and its adjacent dicarboxylate group and the three adjacent carbon atoms of the central hexene ring to which they are attached were refined as disordered over two sets of sites having occupancies of 0.8378 (15) and 0.1622 (15). The thiophene group is disordered by a rotation of 180° around one bond.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C25H18N6·H2O, comproses two molecules (I and II), together with a water molecule. The terminal phenyl groups attached to the methyl groups of the molecules I and II do not overlap completely, but are approximately perpendicular. In the crystal, the molecules are connected by N—H...N, C—H...N, O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds with each other directly and through water molecules, forming layers parallel to the (001) plane. C—H...π interactions between these layers ensure the cohesion of the crystal structure. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that H...H (39.1% for molecule I; 40.0% for molecule II), C...H/H...C (26.6% for molecule I and 25.8% for molecule II) and N...H/H...N (24.3% for molecules I and II) interactions are the most important contributors to the crystal packing.

The results of an experimental work to explore the effect of elevated temperatures on load resistance of reinforced concrete beams with glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) bars are reported in this paper. Twenty beams with cross-sectional dimensions of (120 x 200 x 1600 mm) were designed. Two specimens were evaluated at room temperature as reference beams, while the remaining eighteen were treated to high temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) for 30, 60, and 90 minutes before being subjected to a similarly increased four-point load-up to the failure. The influence of raised temperature on load-deflection relationships as the failure modes for tested beams was examined and compared to a control beam. Compression failure is the most frequent failure mechanism in all the analyzed GFRP beams before and after exposure to high temperatures, according to the experimental test data. However, as the temperature and exposure time increased, the failure mode shifted from compression to balance and tensile failure. The beam heating was done under elastic loading, making these results unique. After 60 minutes of exposure to temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800 ⁰C, the residual loading capacity of heated beams was reduced by 13%, 17.39%, 32.6%, and 41.3%, respectively, compared to the control beam.

Flat plate structures consist of a slab supported directly by columns without beams or drop panels, resulting in a thinner slab with more efficient use of space. Despite these advantages, a flat plate slab is subjected to brittle punching shear. Sudden collapse may occur when a column pushes a piece of concrete from the slab above it. This paper displays Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS/ CAE 2019 to simulate the punching shear impact on a flat plate strengthened with horizontal steel bars of varying number and diameter, located at the compressive side of the slab. A numerical model was constructed with 8-noded hexahedral 3D brick elements for concrete and 2-noded linear 2D beam elements for steel reinforcement. The model was adapted based on experimental data. A parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of placing horizontal steel bars at the compression side of the flat plate and changing the quantity and size of these bars on the slab's performance. The results illustrate that the shear capacity increases from 17.07% to 28.13% as the bar diameter increases and from 19.17% to 54.82% as the number of bars increases.

In the ten-membered 1,3,4,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine ring system of the title compound, C17H15N5, the 1,2-dihydropyridine ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.001 Å), while the 1,3-diazinane ring has a distorted twist-boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...N and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, C—H...π interactions form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Thus, crystal-structure cohesion is ensured. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, H...H (40.4%), N...H/H...N (28.6%) and C...H/H...C (24.1%) interactions are the most important contributors to the crystal packing.

If a subset of vertices of a graph, designed in such a way that the remaining vertices have unique identification (usually called representations) with respect to the selected subset, then this subset is named as a metric basis (or resolving set). The minimum count of the elements of this subset is called as metric dimension. This concept opens the gate for different new parameters, like fault-tolerant metric dimension, in which the failure of any member of the designed subset is tolerated and the remaining subset fulfills the requirements of the resolving set. In the pattern of the resolving sets, a concept was introduced where the representations of edges must be unique instead of vertices. This concept was called the edge metric dimension, and this as well as the previously mentioned concepts belong to the idea of resolvability parameters in graph theory. In this paper, we find all the above resolving parametric sets of a convex polytope $ {F}_{♃} $ and compare their cardinalities.

Let $ G = (V, E) $ be a simple, connected graph with vertex set $ V(G) $ and $ E(G) $ edge set of $ G $. For two vertices $ a $ and $ b $ in a graph $ G $, the distance $ d(a, b) $ from $ a $ to $ b $ is the length of shortest path $ a-b $ path in $ G $. A $ k $-ordered partition of vertices of $ G $ is represented as $ {R}{p} = \{{R}{p_1}, {R}{p_2}, \dots, {R}{p_k}\} $ and the representation $ r(a|{R}{p}) $ of a vertex $ a $ with respect to $ {R}{p} $ is the vector $ (d(a|{R}{p_1}), d(a|{R}{p_2}), \dots, d(a|{R}{p_k})) $. The partition is called a resolving partition of $ G $ if $ r(a|{R}{p}) \ne r(b|{R}{p}) $ for all distinct $ a, b\in V(G) $. The partition dimension of a graph, denoted by $ pd(G) $, is the cardinality of a minimum resolving partition of $ G $. Computing precise and constant values for the partition dimension poses a interesting problem; therefore, it is possible to compute an upper bound for the partition dimension within a general family of graphs. In this paper, we studied partition dimension of the some families of convex polytopes, specifically $ \mathbb{T}_n $, $ \mathbb{U}_n $, $ \mathbb{V}_n $, and $ \mathbb{A}_n $, and proved that these graphs have constant partition dimension.

In the title compound, C21H15N5OS2, molecular pairs are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction and C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds along the b-axis direction, with R22(12) and R22(16) motifs, respectively, thus forming layers parallel to the (10\overline{4}) plane. In addition, C=S...π and C[triple-bond]N...π interactions between the layers ensure crystal cohesion. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions to the crystal packing are H...H (43.0%), C...H/H...C (16.9%), N...H/H...N (11.3%) and S...H/H...S (10.9%) interactions.

In the crystal of the title compound, C6H9ClN2O, molecular pairs form dimers with an R22(8) motif through N—H...O hydrogen bonds. These dimers are connect into ribbons parallel to the (100) plane with R44(10) motifs by N—H...O hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction. In addition, π–π [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.4635 (9) Å] and C—Cl...π interactions between the ribbons form layers parallel to the (100) plane. The three-dimensional consolidation of the crystal structure is also ensured by Cl...H and Cl...Cl interactions between these layers. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, H...H (43.3%), Cl...H/H...Cl (22.1%) and O...H/H...O (18.7%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.

The title compound, C13H11NO, adopts an E configuration about the C=C double bond. The pyrrole ring is inclined to the phenyl ring at an angle of 44.94 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons parallel to (020) in zigzag C(7) chains along the a axis. These ribbons are connected via C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network. No significant π–π interactions are observed.