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Water security is a major challenge for agricultural sustainability in Egypt. To tackle water scarcity, the reuse of wastewater such as raw agricultural drainage water (RADW) and treated sewage drainage water (TSDW) can be a potential solution. An investigation was conducted over two seasons (2022 and 2023) for 5 months (January–May) on roughly 8-month-old jojoba plants to study their tolerance for irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater (RADW, TSDW) at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% compared to the control (tap water). The study examined the effect of wastewater irrigation on growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, shoot numbers, leaf physical measurements, visual quality (VQ) and leaf chemical components including heavy metals (HMs), antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]), ion leakage (IL%), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf minerals, pigments, soluble carbohydrate content (SCC), total phenolic content (TPC) and proline performance in jojoba plants. The findings indicated that jojoba plants can tolerate irrigation with RADW up to a concentration of 100% and TSDW up to a concentration of 75%.

Cancer prevention is currently envisioned as a molecular-based approach to prevent carcinogenesis in pre-cancerous stages, i.e., dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Cancer is the second-leading cause of mortality worldwide, and a more than 61% increase is expected by 2040. A detailed exploration of cancer progression pathways, including the NF-κβ signaling pathway, Wnt-B catenin signaling pathway, JAκ-STAT pathway, TNF-α-mediated pathway, MAPκ/mTOR pathway, and apoptotic and angiogenic pathways and effector molecules involved in cancer development, has been discussed in the manuscript. Critical evaluation of these effector molecules through molecular approaches using phytomolecules can intersect cancer formation and its metastasis. Manipulation of effector molecules liκe NF-κβ, SOCS, β-catenin, BAX, BAκ, VEGF, STAT, Bcl2, p53, caspases, and CDκs has played an important role in inhibiting tumor growth and its spread. Plant-derived secondarymetabolites obtained fromnatural sources have been extensively studied for their cancer-preventing potential in the last few decades. Eugenol, anethole, capsaicin, sanguinarine, EGCG, 6-gingerol, and resveratrol are some examples of such interesting lead molecules and are mentioned in the manuscript. This worκ is an attempt to put forward a comprehensive approach to understanding cancer progression pathways and their management using effector herbal molecules. The role of different plant metabolites and their chronic toxicity profiling in modulating cancer development pathways has also been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-partum infection is a major contributor to maternal mortality and is responsible for approximately 10% of maternal fatalities worldwide. The risk of infection is substantially higher in cesarean section procedures. Approximately 8% of women who undergo cesarean sections are susceptible to infection. Although the body of evidence supporting the regular pre-operative utilization of prophylactic antibiotic treatment is steadily expanding, its usefulness in cesarean sections has not yet been standardized, and post-partum infection is still a serious medical challenge. We aimed to retrospectively assess the prophylactic effectiveness of cefazolin in combination with other antibiotic agents in cesarean sections. Materials and Methods: Both uni-variable and multi-variable analyses were conducted to identify factors that may affect cefazolin pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cesarean section operations. The uni-variable analysis included timing of administration, operation duration, body mass index (BMI), and wound type. A multi-variable logistic regression model was then created to determine which variables provide independent information in the context of other variables. Results: Time of administration did not affect prophylactic cefazolin efficacy. However, prophylactic cefazolin was 1.43 and 1.77 times more effective when the operation lasted for 45 minutes or more, compared with operations that were shorter than 45 minutes. Patients with a BMI ranging from 18 to 29 kg/m2 showed increased efficacy of prophylactic cefazolin compared with obese patients with a BMI exceeding 30 kg/m2. The effectiveness of prophylactic cefazolin decreased by 95% in patients with clean-contaminated surgical incisions compared with those with clean surgical incisions. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that administering pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic agents to women undergoing cesarean section resulted in a reduction in post-partum infections, thereby reducing maternal mortality. Furthermore, optimal timing of administration, re-dosing if necessary, length of prophylactic medication, and dosing adjustments for obese patients are crucial factors in preventing surgical site infections and promoting antimicrobial stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent global trend aims to limit the use of chemicals in all aspects of our lives, necessitating research into the use of plant extracts and ultraviolet light as eco-friendly treatments to improve mango fruit storage. The literature did not introduce studies on plant extracts as coating materials for mango fruit storage. Although ginger, lemon, and green tea were utilized individually as edible coatings for some fruits, their combination in a single solution is not evaluated on mango fruits. To preserve the quality of Keitt mango fruit against decay during storage, fruits were treated with plant extracts (a mixture of ginger, lemon, and green tea), 50 g L−1 for each of them, and ultraviolet (UV) light, 250 nm for 5 min, either alone or in combination then stored at 22 °C or 13 °C. Data showed that the mixture of plant extracts treatment followed by the combination of plant extracts and UV treatment then UV treatments resulted in a decrease in weight loss and soluble solid contents (SSCs) compared to the control while reducing the decrease in firmness, acidity, vitamin C (Vit C), and phenols compared to the control. Mangoes stored at 22 °C reached 4 weeks with good quality while achieving 8 weeks at 13 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, produces important lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which are critical for triggering inflammatory cascades in the body. The enzyme lipoxygenase‐15 (LOX‐15) plays a crucial role in the oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids. Targeting this enzyme for inhibition is essential for diminishing inflammation and averting numerous potentially fatal diseases. Therefore, the inhibitory activity of a series of isoniazid derivatives, selected from our in‐house library, was assessed against LOX‐15 by employing both in vitro and in silico methods. Among the 23 compounds evaluated, 15 showed activity in vitro. Notably, compound 7 was the most effective, demonstrating an IC50 value of 1.4±0.1 μM while the standard inhibitor, NDGA, showed an inhibition at 9.4±0.6 μM. These compounds were found to competitively inhibit LOX‐15, with Ki values ranging from 1.2–7.1 μM. Molecular docking was utilized to investigate the intermolecular interactions among the active compounds. The thermodynamic stability of the compound 7 and NDGA in complex with LOX‐15 was verified through 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulations. Post‐simulation analyses involved RMSD, RMSF, RoG, free energy landscape, principal component analysis, and dynamic cross‐correlation matrix. Compound 7 and NDGA had MM/GBSA binding energies of −54.14±2.55 kcal/mol and −35.24±3.23 kcal/mol, respectively. The study underscores the significant potential of isoniazid derivatives in LOX‐15 inhibition and their role in managing inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work aimed to identify the main components that are responsible for the sedative properties of hop cones and allocate their targets. This investigation was performed through molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis, and DFT calculation techniques. The tested compounds from Humulus lupulus were compared to diazepam and paroxetine. Molecular docking showed that two-thirds of the compounds had a good affinity to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), outperforming diazepam, while only three surpassed paroxetine on the SERT. Compounds 3,5-dihydroxy-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(3-methylbuta noyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one (5) and (S,E)-8-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one (15) showed stable binding and favorable energy parameters, indicating their potential for targeting GABA receptors and the SERT. This study provides a basis for future clinical research on these promising compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces compact Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) phase shifters tailored for millimeter-wave applications, with a focus on achieving wide operating bandwidth, and improved matching and phase balance compared to single-layer technology. This study proposes a unique approach to achieve the required phase shift in PRGW technology, which has not been previously explored. This study also introduces a novel analytical approach to calculate the cutoff frequency and propagation constant of the PRGW structure, a method not previously addressed. Furthermore, the utilization of multi-layer PRGW technology enables the realization of multi-layer beamforming networks without crossing, thereby supporting wideband operation in a compact size. The proposed design procedure enables the realization of various phase shift values ranging from 0 ∘ to 135 ∘ over a broad frequency bandwidth centered at 30 GHz. A 45-degree phase shifter is fabricated and tested, demonstrating a 10 GHz bandwidth (approximately 33% fractional bandwidth) from 25 GHz to 35 GHz. Throughout the operating bandwidth, the phase balance remains within 45 ± 5 ∘ , with a deep matching level of −20 dB. The proposed phase shifter exhibits desirable characteristics, such as compactness, low loss, and low dispersion, making it a suitable choice for millimeter-wave applications, including beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G wireless communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, during the two successful seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization at rates of 45, 60, 75, and 90 kg N/feddan in the form of urea and foliar spraying with seaweed extract (SWE) at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 ml/l beside untreated control and their interactions between them on growth, productivity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and head quality of lettuce cv. Dark Green, grown in sandy soil. The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons. Moreover, this interaction treatment scored relative increases about 65.84% acreage of the two seasons over the interaction between fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with distilled water (control plants). As for NUE and nitrate concentration in lettuce plants, fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l record the maximum NUE (average two seasons, 286.35 kg yield/one kg N) and the minimum nitrate concentration in leaves (average two seasons, 174.00 ppm). Despite the use of a high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/l, which recorded the maximum yield per feddan, the percentage of nitrate (295.15 average two seasons) that was estimated in the leaves did not reach the maximum permissible limit of nitrates (2 g/kg DW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]