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In this study, choline chloride/urea was used as a green deep eutectic solvent in the three-component reaction of hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes for synthesizing pyrazole derivatives, and in the four-component reaction of methyl/ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes for synthesizing pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Elemental analysis, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of the synthesized pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives were investigated. In antimicrobial tests, instructions from clinical and laboratory standards institutes were used. Antimicrobial study was done on pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative species, and specialized aquatic strains and fungal species. Using choline chloride/urea, novel pyrazole derivatives and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were synthesized, and other derivatives were synthesized with higher efficiency in less time than some previously reported methods. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) obtained for derivatives were higher than some antibiotic drugs. Synthesis and reports of new derivatives of pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole, and investigation and reports of their antimicrobial properties on gram-positive, gram-negative, and specialized aquatic and fungal species are among the novel and important findings of this study.

Background: Fetal malnutrition (FM) is a clinical condition resulting from failure of the fetus to acquire adequate amounts of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass during its intrauterine life, with short and long term implications. Aim of the work: As the diagnosis of FM is essentially clinical, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of FM using the Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status (CANS) score & comparing the results with the classic anthropometric parameters and investigate FM impacts on early neonatal morbidities. subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of full-term and preterm infants that was done between January 2023 and January 2024 (n = 385) at Alhussein neonatal intensive care unit & gynecology and obstetric department Early neonatal morbidities e.g hypoglycemia, polycythemia, Neonatal sepsis, RDS, feeding intolerance and hyperbilirubinemia were detected within the first week of life for the studied population who required NICU admission. The CANS score was evaluated for all infants enrolled in the study within 48 hours of birth. Moreover the standard anthropometric measure e.g. Body mass index (BMI), Ponderal Index (PI), and Mid-Upper-Arm Circumference/Head Circumference ratio (MUAC/HC) were calculated &both results were compared. Results: the FM cutoff values of CANS score <25, BMI <11.2 kg/m2, PI <2.2 g/cm3 and MUAC/HC < 0.27. that show significant difference between CANS & standard method in assessment of FM. the prevalence rate of FM for the studied population was Using the CANS score 36.4%, BMI 31.4%, MUAC/HC 23.4% and PI 22.3% Conclusions:The CANS score allows a better identification of nutritional status of infants than using the standard anthropometric parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article has an attempt to name the principles and techniques for competence formation in Russian dialogical speech among Iraqi University of Baghdad students. The notion of competence in dialogic speech is defined as the ability to successfully implement spoken foreign language activities in a dialogic form in accordance with the situation of communication. It is established that the competence in dialogical speech is based on the acquired knowledge (declarative and procedural), skills (phonetic, lexical and grammatical) and skills (speech, training, intellectual and compensatory). It is reported that the implementation of every of the above components of competence in the dialogical speech for Iraqi University of Baghdad students occurs through the implementation of certain principles (activity principle, visibility principle, situationality principle, the principle of advanced professional orientation of educational material, novelty principle, functionality principle), and methods or technologies (work in pairs, work in triples, work in small groups, carousel, aquarium), which will enable to achieve high results in training Russian as a foreign language for the Iraqi University of Baghdad students.

In this study, choline chloride/urea was used as a green deep eutectic solvent in the three-component reaction of hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes for synthesizing pyrazole derivatives, and in the four-component reaction of methyl/ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes for synthesizing pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Elemental analysis, ¹H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of the synthesized pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives were investigated. In antimicrobial tests, instructions from clinical and laboratory standards institutes were used. Antimicrobial study was done on pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative species, and specialized aquatic strains and fungal species. Using choline chloride/urea, novel pyrazole derivatives and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were synthesized, and other derivatives were synthesized with higher efficiency in less time than some previously reported methods. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) obtained for derivatives were higher than some antibiotic drugs. Synthesis and reports of new derivatives of pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole, and investigation and reports of their antimicrobial properties on gram-positive, gram-negative, and specialized aquatic and fungal species are among the novel and important findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the role of selection in divergence along the speciation continuum is theoretically well understood, defining specific signatures of selection in the genomic landscape of divergence is empirically challenging. Modelling approaches can provide insight into the potential role of selection on the emergence of a heterogenous genomic landscape of divergence. Here, we extend and apply an individual‐based approach that simulates the phenotypic and genotypic distributions of two populations under a variety of selection regimes, genotype–phenotype maps, modes of migration, and genotype‐environment interactions. We show that genomic islands of high differentiation and genomic valleys of similarity may respectively form under divergent and parallel selection between populations. For both types of between‐population selection, negative and positive frequency‐dependent selection within populations generated genomic islands of higher magnitude and genomic valleys of similarity, respectively. Divergence rates decreased under strong dominance with divergent selection, as well as in models including genotype‐environment interactions under parallel selection. For both divergent and parallel selection models, divergence rate was higher under an intermittent migration regime between populations, in contrast to a constant level of migration across generations, despite an equal number of total migrants. We highlight that interpreting a particular evolutionary history from an observed genomic pattern must be done cautiously, as similar patterns may be obtained from different combinations of evolutionary processes. Modelling approaches such as ours provide an opportunity to narrow the potential routes that generate the genomic patterns of specific evolutionary histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most research on films as sites of nation-building centers on on-screen storylines, whereas intertextual references and off-screen representations of nationhood receive less attention. This article proposes a combined approach to further explore the nation-building potential of films, using as a case study the film adaptation Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet. Through a close reading of the film in conjunction with its intertextual references and the filmmakers' media interviews, the article explores the construction and negotiation of Lebanese nationhood and history under Ottoman rule. Special attention is paid to how the film's production, funding, circulation and reception are related to nation-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than seventy years, when Kahlil Gibran's 1923 masterpiece The Prophet had circulated freely in Egypt, censorship authorities banned the book in 1999 and 2011. This article explores the sociopolitical context surrounding the censorship of The Prophet and its Arabic translations, with a particular focus on the power play between censors and different agents and the strategies employed by the latter to revoke the ban on the book. The extent and intensity of power intervention speak to this case study's significance. Qualitative analysis of English and Arabic press material is utilized to gain insights into the censors' reports and the responses of different sociopolitical agents. This is paired with compiling and analyzing a dataset of bibliographical information on the editions of The Prophet's Arabic translations published in Egypt between 1999 and 2022. The findings point to a decentralized system of censorship exercised by several ministries and religious institutions with competing interests. It is argued that the survival of The Prophet in the face of multiple bans can be attributed to shifting sociopolitical conditions, discordant politics of powerful agents, and international pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of political discourse appeared as a reaction to the need for generalization, or as an attempt to find common points in the vast variety of political research. This task was set by Foucault when he wrote "The Archaeology of Knowledge", for disciplines "whose boundaries are very blurred, and the content is extremely vague - in the history of ideas, science, thought or knowledge". Political discourse, apart from the obvious at first glance, the positive results for the study of political phenomena - the possibility of mutual use of different methodological approaches to maximize research of related Sciences (psychology, sociology, linguistics), providing the possibility of determining the object of study, it also raised a lot of issues to be addressed: in particular, the problem of deducing from-under charges of excessive bias in linguistic research, issues, media, politic, problems of structure and form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]