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Certain phenomena with uncertain properties that take the shape of intricate mathematical modeling are known to have fuzzy system integro-differential equations (FSIDEs). The methods used to roughly solve FSIDEs seek to provide open-form solutions that are regarded as solutions for polynomial series. However, for many FSIDEs, the polynomial series solutions are not easily derived, especially in nonlinear forms. Meanwhile, some existing approximate techniques cannot guarantee convergence of the series solution. Nevertheless, to solve second-kind fuzzy Fredholm integro-differential equations (FFSIDEs), there exist perturbation techniques based on the standard Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) that have the ability to control and rate solution convergence. Therefore, this study focused on modifying new approximate techniques, fuzzy Fredholm HAM (HAMFF), for solving second-kind FFSIDEs subject to initial and boundary value problems. In the theoretical framework modification, the establishment of the series solution convergence was done based on combining some fuzzy sets theory concepts and convergence-control parameters from standard HAM. The HAMFF was not only able to solve linear systems but also difficult nonlinear systems with proper accuracy. The demonstration of the modified technique's performance was shown in comparison to other methods, where HAMFF was individually superior in terms of accuracy for solving linear and nonlinear test problems of FFSIDEs.

Background Judging the stability/activity of vitiligo is of therapeutic and prognostic significance. Clinical and biochemical activity indicators are available, but none is currently universally accepted. Objective To compare the accuracy of patient-derived vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA) and dermoscopy, versus sequential planimetry in determining vitiligo stability/activity. Patients and methods A total of 120 nonsegmental otherwise healthy vitiligo patients were included, who reported disease stability for the last 6 months. Global assessment and photography were followed by choosing a stable non-repigmenting lesion for longitudinal evaluation of planimetric changes, and dermoscopy. Patients received the standard protocol of narrow band ultraviolet B for 3 months, and patient recall for global and lesional progression was recorded. Accuracy of patient-derived VIDA and dermoscopic signs, versus planimetric changes as the reference were compared for judging vitiligo stability/activity. Results Patient-derived VIDA showed 58.33% accuracy in determining disease stability while Dermoscopy showed 97.50% overall accuracy. The absence of a pigment network and the absence of signs of activity (collective absence of ill-defined border, satellite lesions, and microkoebnerization) showed 100% accuracy in establishing disease stability. On the other hand, the presence of any microkoebnerization, starburst sign, or satellite/tapioca sago sign was 100% indicative of activity. Border definition gave a 91.67% overall accuracy for judging stability, while Perifollicular pigmentation showed an accuracy of 49.17%. Conclusion Patient-derived VIDA is generally unreliable, whereas longitudinal follow-up for planimetric changes, and dermoscopic assessment are of better reliability. The absence of pigment network, and collective absence of ill-defined border, microkoebnerization, and satellite lesions are 100% accurate in predicting stable vitiligo.

Abstract This article reports an Ultra wideband nano scale metamaterial absorber with ultrathin and flexible feature for visible spectrum applications. The absorber investigated for dispersion and Fano resonance characteristics to achieve metamaterial properties as well as independent of asymmetry of structure. Maximum visible spectrum wave interaction with the cascaded split nano square meta atom also ensured to achieve the absorption at highest percentage in numerical evaluation. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method incorporated with CST microwave studio computational tool used for the entire analysis. Numerical analysis revealed that, on average 86.66% absorption achieved for 560 THz bandwidth peak absorption for the unit cell was 99.88% and the array shows 99.79%. Dispersion gap optimized based on mode 4 to incorporate all photons for phase and group velocity inside the nano metamaterial absorber. Furthermore, the Fano resonance wave to identify the high-quality factor at visible spectrum on nanostructure meta atom and direct-indirect visible wave trapped in the structure. The dispersion gap optimization and Fano resonance make the proposed cascaded split nano square meta atom a significant candidate for visible spectrum applications like solar energy harvesting, biochemical sensing, optical range application etc.

Abstract Background The possibility of considering Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) as a vector for transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is controversial and needs further investigation. This work aimed to detect the possibility of transmission of the hepatitis C virus by Cx. pipiens and the role of the bacterial microbiota in their midgut. Main body Two groups of symbiotic and aposymbiotic of female Cx. pipiens were infected with the hepatitis C virus using an artificial feeding membrane technique. The viral load was detected in the head region for up to 60 min in the infected symbiotic group and 90 min in the aposymbiotic group. The midgut region can harbor the virus for 5 days after feeding. The absence of gut microbiota increases the potentiality of ten females to carry high titer of infective dose (1.2 × 106 IU/ml) of HCV genotype 4a for 6 days. The bacterial midgut microbiota appears to play a significant role in the transmission of HCV. On the other hand, HCV was not detected in the salivary glands of either symbiotic or aposymbiotic mosquitoes during the detection period. Cx. pipiens can transmit HCV from infected female adult mosquitoes to HCV-negative human blood in vitro. The biological parameters were survival rate, blood feeding, oviposition, hatchability rates, and mean digestion period of Cx. pipiens after infection with HCV showed significant changes. Moreover, an ex vivo assay demonstrated that HCV-infected mosquitoes could transmit the virus RNA into healthy blood. Conclusion The results suggested that the mosquitoes’ mechanical transmission of HCV was reasonable. In addition, the mosquito microbiome played a significant role in determining the potentiality of mosquitoes as a vector for disseminating HCV infections. Graphic abstract

Abstract Background Townes-Brocks Syndrome (TBS), an autosomal dominant disorder, is known to cause hearing loss amongst other expressions including anomalies that affect the external ear, hands, feet, anus, and kidneys. Case presentation This report describes a case of a four-year-old male of Iranian origin with TBS diagnosed with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation in Tanzania. Along with sensorineural hearing loss, the child has dysplastic external ears, ulnar deviation of the thumbs, and overlapping toes. Radiological evaluation revealed cochlear hypoplasia with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct. This is the first known published case of TBS with a cochlear implant in East Africa and details the child’s history, audiological findings, surgical procedure, and post-surgical outcomes. The patient has shown a remarkable increase in Infant–Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores and aided sound-field thresholds at 3 months and 6 months post-switch on. Conclusion This case advocates for encouraging intervention via cochlear implantation and increased awareness of such syndromes. It also adds to the literature on TBS, and its relation to sensorineural hearing loss and inner ear malformations.

Abstract Introduction Scholars have become increasingly interested in incorporating robots into healthcare. While there is a growing body of research examining nurses’ and patients’ attitudes towards using robots in healthcare, no prior research has specifically explored their willingness to integrate service robots within the Egyptian healthcare context. Aim The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to explore the behavioral intentions of nurses to accept robots in their workplace, and (b) to examine the willingness of patients to use service robots in healthcare settings. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted. Quantitative data were collected from 301 nurses using the Behavioral Intention to Accept Robots in the Workplace Scale and from 467 patients using the Service Robot Integration Willingness Scale through convenience sampling at three tertiary public hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 nurses, focusing on their perspectives and concerns regarding robot integration. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results Quantitative results indicated a moderate level of behavioral intention to use robots among nurses. Patients demonstrated low willingness to use service robots. In the qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with nurses, three categories (Concerns about Robots, Roles and Competencies, and Potential Benefits) and eight themes (interaction and emotions, maintenance and reliability, job insecurity, role clarity, competence in critical care, trustworthiness, reducing physical strain, and specialized applications) were identified. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that nurses’ behavioral intention to accept service robots in healthcare settings is moderate and their acceptance is influenced by various factors related to their concerns about robots, roles and competencies, and potential benefits they could gain. Patients showed a low level of willingness to use service robots in healthcare settings. Implication Providing targeted educational programs to nurses and patients, assuring them with the provision of robust maintenance protocols, enhancing their confidence in the capabilities of robots, and defining clear roles for robots are crucial for the successful integration of robots into healthcare settings.

Application: Micro- and nano-cavitation technology is a new way to solve some environmental issues, such as climate change, manufacturing cost and energy reduction, therapeutic and diagnostic procedure optimization, and other problems. Even though the manufacture and use of microcavitation is a relatively new topic, there are a lot of publications and research about their properties and their potential applications in numerous sectors. Novel classes of heat transfer fluids based on nanotechnology, known as nanofluids, are created by dispersing and steadily suspending nanoparticles, typically between 1 and 50 nm long in conventional heat transfer fluids. Over the last ten years, incredible discoveries have been made by trailblazing scientists and engineers that a minimal amount of guest nanoparticles can dramatically enhance the thermal properties of the host fluids. Novelty: Motivated by these advances, this work is devoted to studying the microcavitation bubbles’ evolution process in ternary-hybrid nanofluids (namely, tri-hybrid nanofluids) near an elastic wall by using the analytical investigation. The proposed model of microcavitation dynamics is formulated based on the Keller-Miksis model, which describes cavitation bubbles near the elastic rigid body with shell thickness for two nanofluids. Methodology: The model of modified Keller-Miksis is solved analytically via the modified Plesset-Zwick method in mono, hybrid, and ternary-hybrid nanofluids with consideration of the variety of surface tension. Different types of thermophysical configurations of nano, hybrid, and ternary-hybrid nanofluids are described and developed to study the cavitation behaviour for various values of volume concentration of nanoparticles. Findings: The main goal of this analysis is a theoretical explanation and mathematical modeling of microcavitation dynamics in ternary-hybrid nanofluids with a variety of surface tension. The microcavitation process in multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Au-Ag/blood for ternary-hybrid nanofluid is lower than that in the cases of MWCNT-Ag/blood for hybrid nanofluid and MWCNT/blood for nanofluid and pure blood fluids. The effect of volume concentration of the used nanoparticles reduces the behaviour of cavitation dynamics near the elastic rigid body with shell thickness in ternary-hybrid nanofluids. The obtained results are schematically and graphically presented by using Mathematica symbolic software to investigate the impact of the thermophysical properties of the ternary-hybrid nanoparticles on the radius of the vapor bubble and compare with the previous related works.

The examination of the machining of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy polymer mold cavities using Taguchi optimization and analysis of variance is presented in this paper. This study identified the best CNC milling cutting parameters and used a mathematical model to quantify the surface roughness of the machined cavities. The findings showed that while using a flat endmill, the spindle speed multiplied by feed rate contributed 28.01% to surface roughness, and when using a ball endmill, the squared depth of cut contributed 41.27%. Using both flat and ball endmills, the depth of the cut contributed 98.53% to the material removal rate. A refined second-order linear regression model was employed to forecast the endmill-machined surface roughness. The Warp Surf Portable tester measured values that were outside the error range of approximately 0.257% and 2.8%, respectively, for the expected values. Surface roughness has a 99.97% correlation coefficient in the regression model, indicating a very significant link. Additionally, the study improved the cutting parameters for a ball endmill, which were 3005 Rpm, 726.7 mm/min, and 0.43 mm, and for a flat endmill, these were spindle speed (2500 Rpm), feed rate (650 mm/min), and axial cut depth (0.5 mm). The outcomes demonstrated how well the techniques enhanced mold cavity machining and cost estimation using Ra and MRR data. Consequently, these results can be applied to future academic studies and industrial applications.