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This study was conducted to estimate the level of radioactivity and its risks as a result of eating some food additives collected from the Iraqi market due to their frequent use in Iraqis' food. The study of these materials together was the first locally. Sodium Iodide NaI (Tl) detector was used to measure the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The average value of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in processed products were 5.230, 3.294 and 246.395 Bq.kg-1, while for additives products were 4.287, 2.541 and 118.307 Bq.kg-1, respectively. For all age groups (y < 3, 3 < y < 10, y ≥ 10), annual committed effective dose μSv with an average values 0.023, 0.012 and 0.014 respectively, equivalent dose for stomach with an average 119, 146 and 170 *10-5 ms.y-1 respectively, also equivalent dose ms.y-1 for large intestine with an average 8.312, 4.266 and 4.985*10-5 ms.y-1 respectively . Over life cancer risk, the International Commission on Radiation Protection's recommended detriment adjusted nominal risk coefficients and estimated committed effective dose were multiplied to calculate the estimated lifetime cancer risks of 8.312*10-5, 4.266*10-5, and 4.985*10-5 respectively .These estimated values are significantly lower than the 2.5 x 10-3 ICRP cancer risk based on an annual dose limit of 1mSv for the general public, which results in an annual death probability of 10-5, or 1 in 100,000. The estimated values are less than the global permissible value ICRP and NCRP reports, which means that the materials studied and consumed in abundance are safe for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three detectors CR-39, LR-115 and CN-85 have used to measure the alpha particles emitted from radon gas of soil samples collected from Al-Shatrah, Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. The results have been indicted the concentration of radon is varied depend on the different samples with different detectors. The average concentrations of radon gas (Bq m-3) have found to be 95.32 ±19.89, 100.96 ± 18.87 and 22.15 ± 1.84 by CR-39, LR-115 and CN-85, respectively. The outcomes of this research have provided the LR-115 detector is better than CR-39 and CN-85 for measured the alpha particles emitted from radon gas. On the other hand, the detector LR-115 contains cellulose nitrate and it's easily broken the bond when exposure to alpha particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to cite this article: Shaymaa Awad Kadhim, Suhad H.Mohsen, Ban Hussein Ali, Yasir mortada mjeed, I. Hossain, Shatha F. Alhous, Hayder H. Hussein, Bahjat S. Hameed (2024) Evaluating the Lifetime Risk of cancer in Different Soil Types for Selected Samples of Specific parts of the Soil of the Faculty of Science Building, Najaf, Iraq, Library Progress International, 44(2s), 113-120. ABSTRACT The current study was conducted on soil samples taken from areas of unconstructed soil from the Faculty of Science at the University of Kufa in Najaf, Iraq, to evaluate exposure to gamma rays resulting from natural radiation in the selected location. Using a portable survey dosimeter "Inspector + Alert model RAP RS1, S.E. International, Inc, USA", a Geiger-Muller tube equipped with a highly sensitive gamma detector, we were able to determine the average equivalent dose of natural radionuclides at 49 soil location which taken the samples soil. Average internal and external absorbed dose in nGy. h-1 and were 45.5694±5.801 and 59.2402±7.542, respectively. The internal and external average annual effective dose was also calculated in mSv.y-1 and where was 0.2906 and 0.0559, respectively also the average total annual effective dose equivalent was 0.3465, show the average equivalent annual effective dose values are lower than those reported worldwide in previous literature so it is possible to say that health risks were calculated, but the results did not demonstrate the existence of serious risks to students, and staff of the Faculty of Science living in the studied sites. The radiological variables that were calculated were used to extract the overall rate of the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), and the lowest value was within the internationally accepted limit, which is 1.45 x 10-3, lower compared to UNICEAR 2000. The statistical program SPSS version 23 was used to compare soil type with increased lifetime risk of cancer, where we found it the (chi-square) value was 344.526 and was not statistically significant. The p value was greater than 0.05 and the correlation of (chi-square) equal to 0.2, which means that the radioactivity of the studied samples was close. The results of the area under study will not pose a significant risk to humans as recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the hazard indicators of common chemical and organic fertilizers widely available in the markets of Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The concentrations of natural radionuclides were measured in thirteen types of fertilizers by Gamma spectrum using NaI(Tl) (3*3) detector. The average radioactivity of the nuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was (48.91, 37.04, and 702.4675) Bq.kg-1, respectively, for (Di-Aluminum Phosphate) the chemical fertilizers of the type (DAP) and the (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) chemical fertilizers of the type (NPK) the average radioactivity of the nuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were (35.78, 42.356 and 1519.653) Bq.kg-1, respectively, while the average radioactivity of the organic fertilizers (Orga.) were 55.153, 23.148 and 1451.258 for the three studied nuclei. As for the average values for radium equivalent were 155.967, 213.363, and 200.0023 (Bq.kg-1) for (DAP), (NPK) and organic fertilizers, respectively. The values of the external severity index (Hex), gamma radiation hazard index (Iγ), and representative alpha index (Iα) were within the permissible limits determined by the UNCEAR 2000. The highest value of total annual effective dose equivalent(TAED) was 1.468 mSv.y-1, the lowest value was 0.302 mSv.y-1, and the mean values were 0.722 mSv.y-1. In contrast, the highest value for annual gonadal dose equivalent(AGED) was 1392.527 μSv.y-1, the lowest value was 275.361 μSv.y-1, and the average values for all models were 672.135 μSv.y-1. The Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), the highest value was 4.039 × 10-3, the lowest value was 0.833× 10-3, and the average value was 1.988× 10-3 for all fertilizers. The Pearson correlation between radioactive variables and cluster analysis was recognized for the three types of fertilizer samples despite it not being widely accepted. The study can be considered preliminary data for subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the impact of irradiation on red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs) using modest doses of X-ray radiation (40 kV and 80 kV). The blood samples were exposed to X-ray irradiation at 40 and 80 kV. A haematology analyzer system with automated capability was used to quantify cellular components, specifically WBCs, RBCs, and PLTs, both before and after exposure to radiation. The study found that irradiation reduced WBC and PLT numbers. When exposed to 40 kV and 80 kV voltages, the WBC and PLT improved statistically significantly (p = 0.001). Nonetheless, the statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in red blood cell count between 40 and 80 kV doses. It can be concluded that the haematopoietic system exhibits a high degree of sensitivity to radiation exposure.

Given the importance of cement as a basic material in construction, this study was undertaken to evaluate the level of radioactivity in a selected group of cement samples most used in construction to determine whether they are safe for human health. In this investigative study, nine samples of cement, both domestic and imported, that are often used in construction projects in Iraq were gathered. A NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer (3"x3") was used to measure the radioactivity in the samples. The average specific activity levels in the tested cement samples were 11.373±0.522, 5.795 ± 0.230, and 179.123±2.207 Bq/Kg, respectively. Also calculated was the average of the radium, which was equivalent to 33.449±1.022 Bq/kg. As for the risk indicators, the internal risk coefficient was 0.121±0.004 and external risk coefficient was 0.090 ±0.002. While studying the radiation doses, the values of effective annual internal dose was 0.080 mSv/y, external dose rates were 0.020 mSv/y, absorbed dose ratio was 16.321±0.476 nGy/h, and gamma index was 0.253±0.007. In the end, and depending on what was studied from various variables, with an average of 115.59 Sv/y, the annual gonadal equivalent dose risk (AGED) was calculated. The world average values were used to compare all the results. Finally, it was discovered that the radiation parameter levels of none of the samples had a detrimental effect on human health.

Objective: To evaluate radioactivity levels in soil samples and their physical impact on the population., Methods: The experimental radiation study was conducted by researchers belonging to the Kufa University in Al- Najaf, Iraq, in August 2020, and comprised soil samples from Al-Rahma area. Sodium iodide detector activated with a trace amount of Thallium with crystal dimensions 3" x 3" was used to calculate the concentration of Radium, Thorium and Potassium., Results: Among the 15 samples collected, the average ± standard deviation (SD) concentration for Radium, Thorium and Potassium was 0.1776±0.12, 0.726±0.435 and 1.9128±1.105%, respectively. The reported value of excess lifetime cancer risk was 1.2819×10-3., Conclusions: The area studied was found to be a safe area and did not pose a health threat to the locals.

Objective: To evaluate radioactivity levels in soil samples and their physical impact on the population., Methods: The experimental radiation study was conducted in northern Kufa, Al Najaf Governorate, Iraq, in March 2020 by researchers from the Kufa University, Iraq and comprised soil samples. A gamma spectrometer equipped with a sodium iodide detector activated with a trace amount of thallium was used to calculate the concentration of radium, thorium and potassium. Data was analysed using SPSS 20., Results: There were 30 samples. The average concentration of Radium, Thorium and Potassium was (0.824± 0.392)ppm, (1.536± 0.645)ppm and( 0.597± 0.195)%, respectively, and the radiation hazards were lower than the permissible levels. The reported value of excess lifetime cancer risk was (1.2819 ±0.156)×10-3, and the annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) was 116.496± 41.255 (mSv. y-1), which was lower than the recommended limit. There was a positive, strong and significant relationship of radium with all the variables (p<0.05) studied except with potassium (p>0.05). Thorium was positively and significantly associated with all the variables (p<0.05)., Conclusions: The study area was found to be safe and there was no relationship between the radiation levels of the studied nuclides and the risk of cancer.

The main sources of natural background radiation are radon, thoron and their progeny, which may cause health risks to humans. Keeping in mind the importance of the subject, three samples each from 10 selected residential areas, including the centre of Babylon Governorate, Iraq, and its districts, were collected. Concentration of radon and thoron was measured using solid-state track detectors (CR-39). The arithmetic means of the concentration of radon and thoron were 47.367±19.56 and 133.246±16.585 Bqm-3, respectively; these values are considered safe when compared with the upper reference level of 200-600 Bqm-3 recommended by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP). The value of the inhalation equivalent dose from radon gas discovered in these areas with rate 37.893 nSv is less than the value of the global average of 1.15 mSv. This indicates that the risks related to inhalation of radon are low as the lung dose rate (DLung), tracheobronchial region (DT-B), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is (1.894 nGyh-1, 22.736 nSv, 0.236 mSvy-1 and 0.835 x10-3), respectively. While the value of the inhalation equivalent dose (IED) from thoron as effective dose to lung DLung, AED and ELCR are equal to (0.133 nSv, 0.167 mSvy-1 and 0.587 x 10-3), respectively. To conclude, the rates in the study area are less than the ICRP recommended level of 3 mSv; therefore, the studied areas are safe from the health risks of inhalation of radon and thoron.