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Corticosteroid therapy (CST) can be used to treat complicated pregnancy. Second trimester of pregnancy is the preferred period to perform dental treatments. The long-term use of CST may result in hyperglycemia, hypertension, immunosuppression, and adrenal suppression, which, theoretically, may cause adrenal crisis during surgical procedures. The risk of adrenal crisis at the dental clinic caused by exogenous CST depends on the dosage, duration of treatment, route of administration, frequency, time lapse since the last dose, and type of procedure performed. Current evidence found that patients on CST undergoing general dental procedures or minor surgical procedures under local anesthesia do not require supplementary corticosteroids., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Dental management of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) depends on the understanding of the systemic effects of liver disease on the body's various systems. ALD can affect normal hemostatic functions by affecting platelets and coagulation factors resulting in prolonged postoperative bleeding. Given these facts, a complete blood count, liver function test, and coagulation profile should be requested before oral surgical procedures. Because the liver is an organ for drug metabolism and detoxification, liver disease may cause increased or decreased drug metabolism and hence alteration of drugs effectiveness and/or increase toxicity. Prophylactic antibiotics may be required to prevent serious infections., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Goals of the dental management of patients with active hepatitis B is to stabilize the patient until the active liver infection subsides and to defer all dental treatments until recovery. If treatment cannot be deferred during the active stage of the disease, consultation with the patient's physician is necessary to obtain information to avoid excessive bleeding, infection, or adverse drug reactions. Dental treatments of such patients should be carried out in an isolated operation room with adherence to the standard precautions to prevent cross-infection. An effective vaccine against hepatitis B is available; all health care workers should be fully vaccinated., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To review the relevant literature to assess whether patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are more prone to have sleep disturbances than general population., Methods: The literature search for relevant articles was from July 2020 to March 2021. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Scopus was conducted to search for relevant studies. The quality of studies was assessed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines and using the software SUMARI-The System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. Confidence in the findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach., Results: A total of 1064 studies were initially identified from the search; six studies, two cross-sectional and four case-control, met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this systematic review. Sleep disturbances were a required outcome measured in selected studies evaluating symptoms of BMS. For studies that were included in the final analyses, BMS was found to relate to several dimensions of sleep including sleep disturbance and duration (n = 6), sleep affecting daytime function (n = 4), sleep quality (n = 6), sleep efficiency (n = 4), and ability to fall asleep (n = 4). Consistent evidence of moderate confidence found that BMS was associated with greater sleep disturbance, reduced sleep quality, increased time taken to fall asleep, reduced sleep efficiency, and poor daytime function, whereas evidence of low confidence was found regarding the association of BMS with reduced sleep duration., Conclusions: Although the presented studies could not establish a direct causal relationship between BMS and sleep disturbances, it supports the evidence that sleep disturbance is associated with symptoms of BMS. Management strategies to improve sleep may be considered in future research for managing BMS patients., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)