Search

This study of the use of metacognitive strategies during learning interaction in collaborative groups is considered referential for understanding the development of such strategies. The use of metacognitive strategies is related to better learning outcomes. We monitored the interaction in five collaborative groups at three points in time (initial, intermediate and final). These groups consisted of undergraduate health science (n = 9) and biomedical engineering students (n = 10). The aims were the following: (1) To check whether there were significant differences in the use of metacognitive strategies between the groups of students monitored depending on the type of degree or the point in time measurement. (2) To test whether there were significant differences in students’ learning outcomes depending on whether or not they had participated in the interaction monitoring during collaborative interaction. (3) To test clustering without a pre-assignment variable against learning outcomes in collaborative groups. Significant differences were detected in the use of some of the metacognitive strategies of orientation, planning and elaboration in favor of the collaborative groups of the biomedical engineering students. Also, students who participated in monitoring collaborative groups in both clusters obtained better learning outcomes. Lastly, the assignment groups were exactly related to the collaboration groups with respect to the use of metacognitive strategies in the final measurement.

La especie Jatropha curcas L. se destaca por su rápido crecimiento y su adaptabilidad a suelos degradados y secos. Esta investigación, realizada en la granja experimental Andil de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, tuvo como objetivo recopilar información sobre las características morfológicas de seis genotipos seleccionados, incluyendo cuatro híbridos y dos clones de Jatropha curcas. Se plantaron 576 plantas en 24 subparcelas, asignando cuatro parcelas a cada genotipo. Durante 23 meses, se midieron variables como altura, diámetro del tallo y número de ramas en ocho plantas seleccionadas por subparcela. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos y se realizó una interpolación para períodos no estudiados. El híbrido JAT 001100 destacó con una altura promedio de 197,72 cm y un rango de 199,44 cm, seguido por el JAT 001103 con 193,9 cm. El diámetro del tallo no mostró diferencias significativas, oscilando entre 7 cm y 6,5 cm. Los híbridos JAT 001100, JAT 001103 y JAT 001165 presentaron un mayor número de ramas (promedio de 8 a 8,1). En general, los híbridos comerciales superaron a los clones locales en crecimiento y desarrollo. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al conocimiento de Jatropha curcas y pueden ser útiles para la selección de genotipos en programas de mejoramiento genético.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la morfología del polen en especies melíferas del bosque seco tropical del recinto Quimis, se seleccionaron cinco apiarios distribuidos en dicha formación vegetal, se recolectaron las cargas de polen obtenidas directamente de los apiarios y se registró la flora apícola de acuerdo al tiempo de floración. Los resultados revelaron 21 especies melíferas pertenecientes a 13 familias y 21 géneros, Convolvulus arvensis, Eriotheca ruizii, Ceiba trischistandra y Prosopis pallida las especies más frecuentes y la familia más abundante fue la Fabaceae. En relación con las unidades de polen, el 0,95 % corresponde al tipo mónada y referente a la simetría, el 0,67 % se caracteriza por ser de tipo radiosimétrico, mientras que el 0,48 % presenta aberturas tricolporadas. Con respecto a la forma de la exina, el 0,43 % exhibe una forma psilada, y el 0,38 % mostró forma esferoidal. Los meses de mayor floración coincidieron con junio, julio y agosto, que corresponden a la temporada seca. La gran mayoría de las especies nectaríferas y poliníferas resultaron ser dominantes, con la excepción de Bonellia sprucei, Caesalpinia paipai y Trema micrantha, Muntingia calabura, Cojoba arborea, Sarcomphalus thyrsiflorus, Bursera graveolens, las cuales solo proporcionan polen y Cordia lutea y Cynophalla sclerophylla, que son productoras de néctar

The analysis of Artificial Intelligence techniques and models used in the tourism sector provides insightful information for the management and innovation of this industry. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the different techniques and models, in regards to Artificial Intelligence when applied to the tourism industry. Specifically, we present a categorization of Artificial Intelligence applications used in different areas of tourism. The results allow to recognize valid studies and useful tools for the activation and growth of the tourism sector, an industry that represents a significant increase in the Gross Domestic Product of various economies and supports the development of life conditions for their inhabitants. Artificial Intelligence applications generate more personalized travel experiences, improve the efficiency of tourism services and strengthen the tourism competitiveness of the destination.

El propósito fundamental de esta investigación fue documentar el uso de especies vegetales en la práctica culinaria de la parroquia El Anegado, con un enfoque destacado en su aplicabilidad como alimentos, condimentos y bebidas, especialmente relevantes para los visitantes. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se emplearon discusiones grupales, entrevistas y diálogos con los residentes locales, con el fin de capturar y documentar su conocimiento sobre las plantas utilizadas en la cocina tradicional. Se logró identificar un total de 41 especies, abarcando 24 familias de relevancia gastronómica. La mayoría de estas especies son cultivadas, reflejando la interacción activa entre las comunidades locales y el entorno natural circundante. Entre las familias destacan Fabaceae y Rutaceae, que sobresalen por albergar un mayor número de especies de interés culinario. Se registró 74 usos gastronómicos, distribuidos en tres categorías principales: bebidas (29), plantas comestibles (27) y condimentos (18). Es importante notar que una misma especie puede ser aprovechada para diversos fines culinarios. Resulta llamativa la importancia atribuida a especies como Musa paradisiaca y Zea mays, que constituyen la base fundamental de numerosos platos característicos de la gastronomía local. La variedad de especies identificadas y los usos atribuidos a ellas revelan una interacción rica y arraigada entre la comunidad y su entorno natural. La preservación de estas prácticas culinarias no solo enriquece la experiencia gastronómica, sino que también promueve la conservación de la biodiversidad local y la preservación de tradiciones valiosas.

El trabajo expone los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo para detectar necesidades y diseñar un plan de formación laboral para una empresa del sector de la madera. Se trata de un estudio de caso, no experimental con enfoque mixto a partir de un cuestionario y entrevistas semiestructuradas diseñados ad hoc. Cualitativamente se recurre al análisis de contenido y cuantitativamente a tablas de contingencias bivariantes, complementadas mediante el estadístico de correlación para variables cuantitativas ordinales (rho) y el estadístico de contraste Ji cuadrado de Pearson (χ2), con un nivel de riesgo del 5%. Los resultados muestran el valor de la identificación previa de necesidades como fundamento para establecer las dimensiones, contenidos y metodología de un plan de formación segmentado en acciones para toda la plantilla, para dirección de equipos y para los departamentos de producción y de administración. Un plan de formación diseñado no solo para actualizar conocimientos y habilidades de los trabajadores, promoviendo su desarrollo profesional, sino también para responder a las actuales demandas de empresas sostenibles y éticas. Adicionalmente, el estudio contribuye también a mostrar la relevancia de la Pedagogía Laboral.

Literature on the semiology of dance is scarce and not well integrated so far. A comprehensive review of the scholarly research would allow showing which themes are the most critical ones, and what is still needed to develop this research field. In this article we aim to fill this gap by conducting a bibliographic review of papers published in Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Dialnet, ÍnDICEs-CSIC, EBSCO, and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2022. Our review shows that within the field of dance, previous studies have emphasized the coexistence of various dynamic elements whose main purpose is to shape the construction of the play and facilitate understanding in the dance communication process. We highlight the relevance of focusing on the spectator as constructor of meaning and participant of the symbolism of the act, and not only as a passive observer.

Las alternativas asociadas a la generación de ingresos económicos en comunidades rurales nacen de la utilización de los Productos Forestales No Maderables. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el aprovechamiento y las potencialidades de usos de Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav. como producto forestal no maderable en la comunidad Pile, Cantón Montecristi. Se realizaron entrevistas para indagar sobre los usos de la especie, ubicación, época y objeto de cosecha; para analizar aspectos ecológicos, incluyendo la diversidad de especies, la densidad poblacional y otros atributos relevantes que caracterizan a las comunidades de palmas se establecieron transectos de 5 m de ancho por 100 m de longitud (500 m²). La categoría de artesanías resultó la más importante con 167 citaciones (97,66 %). La parte de la planta que más utilizan es la hoja; los sombreros son los productos más fabricados con paja toquilla (166 citaciones); los tejidos gruesos y finos son los más usados (79 y 83 citaciones), respectivamente. Entre los aspectos que influyen en la calidad de los productos resaltan el estado de maduración de la paja toquilla y la época del año, 110 y 55 citaciones, respectivamente; el 90,29 % de los entrevistados afirmaron que el aprovechamiento de Carludovica palmata es bajo y que solo utilizan la yema terminal del tallo para confeccionar artesanías. La perspectiva sobre la abundancia de la especie es muy baja, sin embargo, la información obtenida en los transectos reveló 2 503 individuos/ha, lo que refleja la carencia de prácticas de manejo silvicultural donde habita Carludovica palmata en la comunidad Pile. La especie Carludovica palmata no es aprovechada y manejada adecuadamente, sus potencialidades de usos son limitadas.

La regeneración natural juega un papel importante en el mantenimiento de las poblaciones de árboles, conservación y diversidad de los bosques secos tropicales. Este tipo de bosque es vulnerable con poco conocimiento sobre su vegetación, razón por la cual este trabajo permitió el análisis de la regeneración natural de las especies forestales del jardín botánico de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Se establecieron tres parcelas de muestreo aleatoriamente de 50 x 50 m, para definir el comportamiento del estrato brinzal, latizal y fustal mediante un inventario forestal estimando la abundancia de las especies forestales de regeneración natural, el índice de valor importancia ecológica, índice de Shannon-Wiener e índice de Margalef. El inventario forestal determinó la identificación de 18 especies y 15 familias botánicas, las especies de mayor abundancia en regeneración natural fueron Acnistus arborescens, Bursera cinerea, Albizia guachapele y Ochoterenaea colombiana. La categoría brinzal presentó mayor cantidad de individuos mientras que el latizal y el fustal obtuvieron la misma cantidad. El índice de valor importancia ecológica mostró mayor representatividad a las especies Albizia guachapele y Acnistus arborescens, mientras el índice de diversidad Shannon-Wiener y el índice de Margalef determinó al bosque seco tropical del jardín botánico con diversidad y riqueza especifica media indicando al bosque investigado en proceso de recuperación de especies de regeneración natural. ARK CAICYT: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s26182734/xi67r0kk3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6975372

Agroforestry systems are an alternative land use and constitute a combination of agronomic and forest species. With the objective of characterizing the agroforestry systems of the San Francisco enclosure of the El Anegado parish, a floristic inventory was carried out and information was collected on the use and management of the components of the farms, between February and March, 2022; Margalef, Simpson, Shannon and Pielou Equity diversity indices were calculated. Among the inventoried species, Coffea arabica L., Handroaunthus billbergii (Bureau & K. Schum.) S. O. Grose and Theobroma cacao L. stand out; while, Cedrela montana Moritz ex Turcz.; Cecropia maxima Snethl. and Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) SO Grose, are categorized as vulnerable. In the El Palmital farm, food use predominates (54.55%) and in La Fortuna, timber prevails (51.72 %). The diversity indices in both farms showed high, medium and low values, according to the Margalef, Simpson and Shannon indices, respectively. The largest use of land in El Palmital is the planted area 74.23% (1.80 ha) and in La Fortuna the non-agricultural area dominated 55.88 % (0.95 ha). The characterization of agroforestry systems provides a better view of them, by conducting inventories of species that reflect their importance, management and organization, allowing redesign and optimization of their operation.

In the Quimis area of the Jipijapa Canton, an investigation was carried out related to the characterization of plant species that provide sustenance to bees in the production of honey that is used by local residents involved in the Aroma y Miel Association, among other uses, to market it. The objective of this study was based on characterizing the melliferous species of the tropical dry forest oriented to its conservation. Seven active apiaries distributed within the enclosure were selected, where four weekly samplings were made, with a total of 28 transects of 20 m x 50 m, taking as a starting point the apiaries to identify and count the number of species of apicultural use. A total of 31 species, 1,527 individuals, belonging to 16 families were determined. The botanical family with the highest abundance was Fabaceae with 290 individuals, and the most abundant species were Ceiba trichistandra (A. Gray) Bakh and Prosopis pallida (Willd.) Kunth, due to the greater beekeeping use and commercialization. The most frequent biological types were trees, followed by shrubs, herbaceous and lianas, respectively. The months of greatest flowering are from March to the beginning of October.

Abstract Males of the papaya fruit fly, Anastrepha curvicauda Gerstaecker (former Toxotrypana curvicauda), defend a papaya fruit from rivals and males release their sex pheromone to attract and mate with females and offer them an oviposition site. While some aspects of the biology of A. curvicauda are known, such as its reproductive biology, its sex pheromone, and host selection, there is currently no information on the species mate selection process. This paper describes the precopulatory mating behavior of A. curvicauda and elucidates how intrasexual selection affects the mate selection process. We studied the precopulatory mating behavior of dominant and subordinate males and ethograms were devised. The effect of hierarchy was studied in non-choice and choice experiments. Male’s repertoire includes 15 behavioral elements, 12 precopulatory, one mating, and two postcopulatory (tandem and encounter). In non-choice experiments, dominant and subordinate males were accepted by females, but when females had the opportunity to choose among males, dominant males were significantly preferred over subordinate ones. The presence of a rival male modified the courting behavior of males and agonistic behavior among males was observed before and during mating.

El objetivo del estudio se centra en conocer el nivel de condición física de los adolescentes y la asociación existente con la práctica de actividad física, género y edad. Participaron 214 estudiantes de ESO, de entre 13 y 16 años. Como instrumento para conocer el nivel de actividad física semanal se empleó el Adolescent Physical Activity Measure (MVPA) y para la condición física diferentes pruebas físicas contenidas en la batería ALPHA-Fitness®. Los resultados muestran que los varones realizan más actividad física y tienen una mejor condición física que las mujeres. La condición física de los adolescentes activos es superior a la de los sedentarios. La condición física evoluciona según el desarrollo de la edad. Estos resultados resaltan la necesidad de desarrollar programas sociales de fomento de la actividad física y deportiva con el fin de mejorar la condición física y la salud de las personas.

En Portoviejo, la dinámica de los espacios verdes se ha dado de manera similar a otras ciudades del mundo, con el establecimiento exitoso de árboles introducidos y la creación de parques o plazas, que proporcionan importantes beneficios a la población. Esta investigación se desarrolló en el cantón Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí, en las parroquias urbanas: 12 de marzo, 18 de octubre, San Pablo, Francisco Pacheco, Portoviejo, Picoazá, Simón Bolívar, Andrés de Vera y Colón. En ellas se evaluaron las áreas verdes y el arbolado urbano existente, componentes que cumplen funciones ecológicas y ambientales importantes. Para ello, se obtuvo información dasométrica de los árboles encontrados en los 50 parques, plazas y boulevard que existen en estas parroquias. También, se determinó la superficie (m2) de áreas verdes, con la colaboración de la empresa Portoparques EP del cantón Portoviejo, y se realizó la elaboración de un mapa general que engloba estas áreas. Las visitas a cada uno de los parques plazas y boulevard, permitió realizar un inventario forestal en las 50 áreas verdes que están arboladas. Se pudo determinar que Albizia guachapele (Kunth) Dugand, con 17,87 %, y Tamarindus indica L., con 13,04 %, fueron las especies de mayor importancia. Por el contrario, Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman y Cecropia peltata L. fueron las de menor importancia con 0,38%. Se calculó el indicador de cobertura de índice verde urbano con base en el arbolado urbano que existe en Portoviejo (4,92 m2 hab-1), el cual es inferior a lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (9 m2 hab-1).

The sepsis is a potentially mortal disease that can affect the newborn. In such a sense, the necessary information is exposed to offer an appropriate care to the preterm newborn with sepsis of early beginning: concept, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Also, some factors that increase the infection possibility in this newborn, the predisposing conditions in the mother and the chorioamnionitis (clinical and histological) are approached. This infection can be prevented by means of an appropriate prenatal control and a correct care during the childbirth, which will diminish the morbidity and mortality, as well as will have great impact in the public health of the country.

In order to verify the criteria that affect the identification and use of plants of interest to tourism, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the 10 parishes of the Jipijapa canton, Manabí, Ecuador. The initial hypothesis stated that factors such as age, gender and level of education influence the pattern of knowledge about plants. We worked with 47 residents who were knowledgeable about plants and entrepreneurs in the tourism sector, focusing on theoretical and practical knowledge, defined here as the ability to recognize plants and the ability to identify their uses, respectively. In general, the results show that the people interviewed in Jipijapa have a good knowledge of the plants, useful for tourists and this knowledge is not affected by the level of education. The criteria of age and gender influence the acquisition of practical knowledge. This study can serve as a basis for comparative studies in Ecuador.

La dinámica social establecida en la actualidad demanda de los docentes la constante actualización a través de formación. Uno de los ámbitos formativos se centra en el desarrollo e implementación dentro del aula de metodologías activas que permitan al alumno construir su propio aprendizaje. El Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC) incide de forma directa en la construcción propia del aprendizaje desde la dimensión social, ya que es en este ámbito donde tienen cabida los procesos de aprendizaje. Nuestra investigación se centra en la influencia del AC en el estatus sociométrico del alumnado de educación primaria y secundaria. Para ello se ha desarrollado una herramienta que permite delimitar el impacto de esta metodología activa a través de la variación producida en el estatus sociométrico del alumno dentro del grupo clase. Se presenta aquí el proceso de validación de la herramienta desarrollada.

Antecedentes: El avance en oncología ha contribuido a ampliar las indicaciones quirúrgicas de las metástasis hepáticas (MH) del carcinoma colorrectal (CCR). Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en la supervivencia global (SG) y en determinadas características clinicopatológicas entre pacientes con resección R0 (margen tumoral > 1 mm) y R1 (margen < 1 mm). Método: Estudio retrospectivo con 144 pacientes con MH de CCR intervenidos con intención curativa entre 2010 y 2018, divididos en dos grupos en función del margen de resección (R0 y R1). Se comparan la SG y 17 características clinicopatológicas. Resultados: Ambos grupos son homogéneos y comparables en todas las variables estudiadas: edad (p = 0.158), sexo (p = 0.675), ASA (p = 0.502), localización del CCR (p = 0.793), estadio tumoral (p = 0.280), quimioterapia (QT) adyuvante poscolectomía (p = 0.664), sincronicidad (p = 0.983) y localización (p = 0.078) de las MH, CEA al diagnóstico (p = 0.735), QT neoadyuvante (p = 0.403), hepatectomía mayor/menor (p = 0.415), complicaciones (p = 0.822) y mortalidad posoperatorias (p = 0.535), estancia media (p = 0.960), QT adyuvante poshepatectomía (p = 0.791) y nueva hepatectomía (p = 0.530). Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas en la SG a 1, 3 y 5 años (p = 0.160) entre pacientes con resección R0 y R1. Conclusiones: Consideramos indicada la hepatectomía en pacientes con MH resecables con posibilidad de conseguir resecciones R0 manteniendo suficiente remanente hepático, independientemente de la afectación microscópica final del margen tumoral.

Sexual selection determines the evolution of the species by favoring some attributes that confer a reproductive advantage to those individuals with those attributes. Tephritidae flies do not always select the same traits when looking for a mating partner. Some aspects of the mating system of Anastrepha curvicauda are known; nevertheless, there is no information on the effect of age, size, and virginity when selecting a mating partner. We set up a series of experiments where a selector (male or female) may select between (a) an old or young partner, (b) a small or large partner, and (c) a virgin or mated partner. Males of A. curvicauda significantly preferred large, young, and virgin females, while females showed no preference for high- or low-quality males. The females’ non-preference for a particular male is discussed in the light of their mating system.

Los saberes que posee la población manabita sobre la utilización de plantas medicinales contribuyen a cubrir vacíos de información sobre la medicina natural y tradicional en Ecuador. Esta investigación de alcance descriptivo tuvo el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de los usos medicinales de plantas en Membrillal, Julcuy, Pedro Pablo Gómez y Quimis, en el sur de Manabi. Los datos fueron facilitados por 200 entrevistados, durante el periodo comprendido entre julio y noviembre de 2019. Además del componente sociocultural (edad, género, nivel educacional), la entrevista indagó sobre las plantas, las partes que se usan, las formas de uso, la abundancia, el ambiente donde crecen, la frecuencia de uso, la distancia desde sus casas al lugar de recolección, finalidades de usos y época de recolección. También se estudió las características fitoquímicas de las plantas, que validan los usos medicinales. En total fueron citadas 144 especies vegetales con algún uso medicinal, pertenecientes a 58 familias botánicas y 118 géneros. Las familias más citadas fueron Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae y Rutaceae. Las especies Mentha spicata L. y Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, alcanzaron el mayor número de citas. Las partes de las plantas más utilizadas fueron las hojas (65,5 %), para hacer infusiones (70,5 %). Las enfermedades del sistema digestivo, infecciosas y parasitarias fueron las enfermedades tratadas con las plantas medicinales en Membrillal, Julcuy, Pedro Pablo Gómez y Quimis, con una frecuencia de 35,9 %, 27,8 %, 30,3 % y 35,0 % de los entrevistados, respectivamente. Los principios bioactivos que están contenidos en las especies de plantas medicinales fueron los flavonoides, fenoles, triterpenos y alcaloides.

Presentación

In order to identify the phyto resources of interest for tourism, existing in the dry forests of the coastal region, an ethnobotanical interview was conducted in 10 parishes of the Jipijapa canton, Manabí, Ecuador. It was obtained 246 species with at least one known use, belonging to 191 gender and 63 families. Uses were: material stock (373 species), environmental (175), medicinal (152) and edible (64). A single species may have more than one use.

The Order Coleoptera provides good examples of morphological specializations in the reproductive apparatus, gonadic maturation, and allometry differing between the sexes. The female and male reproductive apparatus has been modified to ensure reproduction between individuals of the same species. The genus Cyclocephala has more than 500 species distributed in America, and Cyclocephala barrerai Martínez is an economically important species in the central part of Mexico. The objective of this work was to study the reproductive system, gonadic maturation, and allometry of C. barrerai. We used light, scanning electron, and laser scanning confocal microscopy to describe the reproductive apparatus and gonadic maturation of females and males. The relationship between adult weight and different parts of the body was established by linear regression. Regardless, the reproductive apparatuses of C. barrerai are like those of other Melolonthidae: the genital chamber, the type II accessory glands, and the ventral plaques of the female and the ejaculator bulb and genital capsule of the males are specific to C. barrerai. The gonads are fully developed when 18 d old. The weight of adult C. barrerai has a positive linear relationship with distinct parts of its body, while the antennae of males are larger than those of the females.

Firms face an increasingly complex economic and financial environment in which the access to international networks and markets is crucial. To be successful, companies need to understand the role of internationalization determinants such as bilateral psychic distance, experience, etc. Cutting-edge feature selection methods are applied in the present paper and compared to previous results to gain deep knowledge about strategies for Foreign Direct Investment. More precisely, evolutionary feature selection, addressed from the wrapper approach, is applied with two different classifiers as the fitness function: Bagged Trees and Extreme Learning Machines. The proposed intelligent system is validated when applied to real-life data from Spanish Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). These data were extracted from databases belonging to the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism, and Trade. As a result, interesting conclusions are derived about the key features driving to the internationalization of the companies under study. This is the first time that such outcomes are obtained by an intelligent system on internationalization data.

Introducción: El crecimiento biliar de las metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) puede influir en su diseminación y recidiva. Caso clínico: Mujer de 65 años con antecedente de CCR (2011) y hepatectomía izquierda (2014) por metástasis hepática con afectación de la vía biliar. En 2020 desarrolló una lesión de 2 cm en la unión de los conductos hepáticos. Sospechando un colangiocarcinoma, se resecaron la vía biliar principal y el lóbulo caudado, asociando linfadenectomía. El estudio inmunohistoquímico confirmó el origen intestinal. Conclusiones: Una imagen de dilatación o crecimiento biliar en pacientes con antecedente de CCR debe orientar a una recidiva, aunque la imagen sugiera colangiocarcinoma.

Bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, they show differences in their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms in target insects. These differences were explored by the analysis of the pangenome, as it provides a framework for characterizing and defining the gene repertoire. We performed the first pangenome analysis of 91 strains of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus; the analysis showed that the Photorhabdus genus has a higher number of genes associated with pathogenicity. However, biological tests showed that whole cells of X. nematophila SC 0516 were more virulent than those of P. luminescens HIM3 when both were injected into G. mellonella larvae. In addition, we cloned and expressed the GroEL proteins of both bacteria, as this protein has been previously indicated to show insecticidal activity in the genus Xenorhabdus. Among these proteins, Cpn60-Xn was found to be the most toxic at all concentrations tested, with an LC50 value of 102.34 ng/larva. Sequence analysis suggested that the Cpn60-Xn toxin was homologous to Cpn60-Pl; however, Cpn60-Xn contained thirty-five differentially substituted amino acid residues that could be responsible for its insecticidal activity.

In the Andil and Caña Brava communities, adjacent to the estate of the Southern State University of Manabí located on the Jipijapa-Noboa road, a study was conducted in order to obtain information on the properties and uses of the species Phytelephasaequatorialis as a Product Non-timber forest (NWFP). Based on interviews and discussions, the problem arose that the use of the species mentioned in the area is not sustainable; therefore, the objective of the work is related to evaluating the use of Phytelephasaequatorialis, in these two communities. Field trips were conducted to verify in situ the most common potentials and uses of this species. The empirical survey method was used, and a simple random sampling was carried out by establishing plots of 2 000 m2 (20 m x 100 m). It was verified that there are potentialities for the sustainable use of Phytelephasaequatorialis. Among the main uses of the species were found, food and beverages, essential oils, handicrafts and in a lesser proportion it is used as ornamental. According to the location of the sites and the way of extraction of this species, actions are needed that contribute to its sustainable use and that involve the social actors of both the University and the communities, including gender and aimed at giving greater protagonism to young people.

The work was carried out in the "El Palmar" farm, in the Pinar del Río municipality, Cuba, with the objective of demonstrating that the agroecological conversion process ensures an adequate level of food security and sovereignty, and improves the living conditions of the farmers. The method of direct observation and that of the Action Participation Research was used, and for the analysis of the food safety of the Rodríguez family four aspects were considered: availability, access, stability and use with the relative indicators. The study of the effects of the agroecological conversion process of a tobacco family farm is proposed. In particular, it is studied how agricultural production changes and how the food habits and living conditions of peasants are affected. The list of the plants cultivated within the farm is updated and it is concluded that the four most important aspects to be taken into account have confirmed that the family's food security has increased after the adoption of the agro-ecological approach. Due to the great variety of crops produced, the composition of the diet has also improved, including fruits and vegetables.

The paramo Casaiches Arenal, shares its resources with the community of the same name. Although conservation has been carried out in Ecuador on a voluntary basis, this has not been enough for the productive and population requirements, which has caused the loss of characteristics typical of the páramo. In this situation, the world community has joined efforts to mitigate the anthropogenic effects on this ecosystem. In 2008, the Association of Agricultural Workers Casaiches Arenal entered the forest conservation program and put 80 ha of páramo under this system. The knowledge of the socio-environmental effects of the program will allow us to answer your questioning. To know aspects of socio-economic development in the community under study, the empirical method of the survey was used, which investigated socioeconomic aspects in the area. As an independent variable, the paramos conservation incentive program was conceived and as dependent variables, social development; economic development and the conservation of the páramo ecosystem. To assess the environmental impact from the adhesion as beneficiaries, a cause-effect matrix was applied, as a method of identification and assessment with qualitative and quantitative results. It is concluded that the national policies on which the conservation program is based decrease the pressures on the paramo ecosystem, as long as it is complemented with on-site actions that allow for an efficient and systematic intervention in the region.

A study was carried out in the Quimis enclosure, located in the road Jipijapa - Manta - Portoviejo, in the canton of Jipijapa, province of Manabí, Ecuador, in order to obtain information about the properties and uses of Non-woods Forest Products (NWFPs) by the inhabitants of the enclosure Quimis. Based on interviews and conversations, the problem arose that the use of non-woods forest products (NWFPs) in the area does not lead to the sustainable management of ecosystems in the region. The use of the empirical method of surveys and the realization of a simple random probabilistic sampling showed that there are potentialities for the sustainable use of the NTFPs. The distance to the sites and the form of NTFP extraction in the Quimis enclosure may be indicating impoverishing processes of tropical dry forest. Actions are needed that contribute to the sustainable use of NTFPs that involve the social actors of the campus, including gender and aimed at giving greater prominence to the youth.

Burseragraveolens (palosanto) is a native species widely used for its medicinal properties. This specie grows on the banks of canyon and in low and medium mountains up to 1,300 m above sea level on the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of auxin-type growth regulators for the regeneration of plant tissue in B. graveolens. Samples of the species were collected in the tropical dry forest located in Quimis, JipijapaTown, Manabí province. Four concentrations of auxin indole-butyric acid (IBA) (2,000; 4,000; 6,000; 8,000 ppm) were used for the regeneration of cuttings of the species under study. After sowing the production of shoots, calluses and roots was documented at different time intervals, as well as mortality. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. Statistical processing consisted of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test to check the differences between the means of the treatments. The substrate used was dry forest land, guava land and river sand, in a ratio of 4:2:1. The best results for shoot and callus production as well as lower mortality were achieved with the T4 treatment (AIB at 8,000 ppm dose). In this study there was no root formation in any of the treatments, but presence of callus at 60 days after sowingyielded averages between 5.00 (treatment 3) and 11.25 (treatment 4) per plant.

Los últimos datos aportados por la Comisión Europea señalan que la demencia afecta actualmente a casi cincuenta millones de personas en todo el mundo y que cada año se detectan 7.7 millones de nuevos casos. A día de hoy, el Alzheimer es la demencia más padecida por la población mundial pudiendo constituir en términos relativos el 70% de las demencias. En la actualidad no existen tratamientos farmacológicos que den una respuesta definitiva a este tipo de patologías. Las utilizaciones de terapias no farmacológicas abren un amplio abanico de posibilidades desde el ámbito de la prevención, y de la mejora de la calidad de vida en cuidadores y familiares de enfermos con demencia, básicamente con sintomatología de “sobrecarga”. En este articulo hacemos una revisión sobre investigaciones relacionadas con la “atención plena” ( MF) y de su implementación como estrategias potenciales en el abordaje de este tipo de patologías. Los últimos trabajos aportados con técnicas morfométricas por neuroimagen constituyen un importante avance a la hora de intentar aportar evidencia científica en este campo.

Abstract Disruption of foraging using oversupply of ant trail pheromones is a novel pest management application under investigation. It presents an opportunity to investigate the interaction of sensory modalities by removal of one of the modes. Superficially similar to sex pheromone-based mating disruption in moths, ant trail pheromone disruption lacks an equivalent mechanistic understanding of how the ants respond to an oversupply of their trail pheromone. Since significant compromise of one sensory modality essential for trail following (chemotaxis) has been demonstrated, we hypothesised that other sensory modalities such as thigmotaxis could act to reduce the impact on olfactory disruption of foraging behaviour. To test this, we provided a physical stimulus of thread to aid trailing by Argentine ants otherwise under disruptive pheromone concentrations. Trail following success was higher using a physical cue. While trail integrity reduced under continuous over-supply of trail pheromone delivered directly on the thread, provision of a physical cue in the form of thread slightly improved trail following and mediated trail disruption from high concentrations upwind. Our results indicate that ants are able to use physical structures to reduce but not eliminate the effects of trail pheromone disruption.

Introduction: Ageing is a natural process which is accompanied by a gradual decline of both functional, cognitive and affective capacities which can make it hard for somebody to lead a normal daily life in a normal way since the performance is influenced and cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills can be altered. Non-pharmacological interventions are very important when it comes to cover the various problems that the elderly present. Snoezelen therapy or multisensorial stimulation is highly relevant for patients with dementia and cognitive damage with the aim of creating interaction between the person, the task and the environment by means of the activation of the various senses, experimenting different types os feelings. Aim: To prove the effect that an occupational therapy intervention has on a Snoezelen environment as a means to boost cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills on patients with minor, moderate and severe cognitive damage and its repercussion on their quality of life. Methodology: It deals with a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post assessment, data are collected by means of MMSE, Barthel and Cornell tools. Results: After carrying out the corresponding statistic analysis, no significative results at a cognitive, affective and functional level were found, except at the affective level where severe damage was found. Discussion: Although this article does not show the effectiveness of the intervention in a Snoezelen environment in a significant way, various studies prove its effectiveness, particulary at a cognitive and behavioural level. Conclusion: The results seem to denote that an intervention in a Snoezelen environment during a short time span does not show any type of repercussion.

The present study analyzes the effectiveness of a procedure of automatic reduction of prejudice, based on the assumption of the perspective of the members of stereotyped groups. Specifically, the evaluation of this cognitive strategy in the elderly population is addressed, and potentially modulating variables between the intervention and its effects on prejudice are considered: personality, values, empathy and attribution. Data were collected from a sample of 58 participants with a mean age of 63 years, in which an intervention based on mental imagery aimed at reducing prejudice was implemented. The results show a moderate effectiveness of the strategy and find interaction with several modulating variables, notably particularly kindness, along with attributional activity and values of benevolence, universalism, self direction and conformity, which modulated the effectiveness of perspective taking. The discussion, in addition to contrasting parallels and divergences with the results of other experiments, suggests some applications in the training of elder people, demonstrating that cognitive self-regulation is considered as a relevant competence in the advanced stages of life, decisive for achieving a satisfactory and inclusive active ageing.

The benefits at the psychological level of the regular practice of physical-sport activity in elderly people are unquestionable; similarly, intergenerational programs promote their psychological well-being. In this sense, some authors point out the need to investigate the benefits of physicalsport practice in an intergenerational format. The objective of this work has been to know the impact that sports practice has on self-esteem, self-efficacy, depression and psychological well-being of the elderly and whether the intergenerational format provides differential benefits at an emotional level. For it we have carried out a systematic review by analyzing various papers and studies that address this subject since 2000 to the present. The databases consulted were Scopus, WOS, CSIC and Dialnet. Twelve scientific articles have been analyzed. The results allow us to verify how sport or physical exercise adapted to the elderly improves their self-esteem, self-concept, indicators of depression and in general their subjective well-being. In the same way, intergenerational sports practice increases the emotional well-being of the elderly. Although, in the latter case, studies are scarce and research is demanded on the differential efficacy of sports programs between peers or in an intergenerational format.

Our research focuses on determining the preeminence of education for leisure within the competencial configuration of teachers in their initial training through the analysis of international, European, and national documents related to profesional teaching skills. The interest lies in the detected need to include within teaching performance aspects related to transversal skills, that may satisfy the educational objective of promoting and developing each student.

Nuestro trabajo expone los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo para identificar los principales rasgos que definen en la actualidad el modelo competencial de persona adulta y conocer las inferencias y repercusiones que comporta en la formación inicial del Educador Social. Mediante la triangulación del análisis de la política educativa nacional y supranacional con los datos empíricos de entrevistas a 50 personas mayores, con edades entre 45 y 80 años, identificamos las nuevas expectativas y necesidades que el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida induce en la formación de estos profesionales y en qué aspectos se materializa la necesidad de modificar su perfil y competencias.

Background: Cacao is an umbrophile species and therefore the handling of shade by producers can cause a microclimatic modification that influences the physiology of the plant. Questions: Can canopy management influence the microclimate of the crop area and the water content of cacao? Species of study: Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Study site: Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico; dry and rainy season 2018. Methods: Three sites were selected with an open canopy (OC) and three with a closed canopy (CC), where we determined air temperature and humidity, soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, soil water potential and leaf water potential in 15 cacao trees and the sap flow density in 12 trees, by canopy condition and by season. Results: Higher values of solar radiation, air and soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit and lower relative humidity were recorded under OC compared to CC, in both seasons. Differences in soil water potential between 10 and 60 cm depth in CC were recorded during the dry season. There was a lower sap flow density and daily water use in OC. The leaf water potential was similar between canopy conditions, in both seasons. Conclusions: Changes in canopy coverage significantly modify the microclimate of the crop area, a less stressful environment being generated under closed canopy conditions, influencing the sap flow density of cacao trees.

The curse of dimensionality has been an open issue for many years and still is, as finding nonobvious and previously unknown patterns in ever-increasing amounts of high-dimensional data is not an easy task. Advancing in descriptive data analysis, the present paper proposes Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots (HUEPs) as a new visualization technique to combine the outputs of Exploratory Projection Pursuit and Clustering methods in a novel and informative way. As a case study, HUEPs are validated in a real-world context for analysing the internationalization strategy of companies, by taking into account bilateral distance between home and host countries. As a multifaceted concept, distance encompasses multiple dimensions. Together with data from both the countries and the companies, various psychic distances are analysed by means of HUEPs, to gain deep knowledge of the internationalization strategy of large Spanish companies. Informative visualizations are obtained from the analysed dataset, leading to useful business implications and decision making.

Chemical control is the main method used to combat fall armyworm in maize crops. However, its indiscriminate use usually leads to a more complex scenario characterized by loss of its effectiveness due to the development of resistance of the insect pest, emergence of secondary pests, and reduction of the populations of natural enemies. For this reason, efforts to develop strategies for agroecological pest management such as Push–Pull are increasingly growing. In this context, the present study was carried out to evaluate field effectiveness of Push–Pull systems for S. frugiperda management in maize crops in Morelos, Mexico. In a randomized block experiment, the incidence and severity of S. frugiperda, the development and yield of maize were evaluated in nine Push–Pull systems and a maize monoculture. The Push–Pull systems presented incidence/severity values lower than those of the monoculture. Morphological development and maize yield in the latter were lower than those of most Push–Pull systems. Mombasa—D. ambrosioides, Mulato II—T. erecta, Mulato II—C. juncea, Tanzania—T. erecta and Tanzania—D. ambrosioides systems presented higher yields than those of monocultures.

The work was developed in the Los Amaros, the Santa Cruz river, Artemisa, Cuba. The objective was to evaluate how it influences the expansion of the agricultural frontier on riparian vegetation where the semi-deciduous mesophytic forest (BsdMe) predominates. A floristic characterization was performed, identifying the effects of disturbances on the structure and composition of these forests and their relation to human disturbance. A semi-structured interview was applied to all landowners in the study area. Species richness, dominance, basal area, total number of individuals, width of the strip covered by trees and shrubs, and area without vegetation on both banks of the river, respectively were considered as variables. There are differences in the structure and patterns of diversity of the studied forest, as a result of disturbances, with the consequent reduction of species; also anthropogenic disturbances, are the main factors that explain changes in the structure of these forests. They are identified as major species: Cupania macrophylla A. Rich., Roystonea regia HBK O. F. Cook., Guarea guidonia L. Sleumer and Trichilia hirta L. It is proposed to deepen the effect of the expansion of agriculture into other sectors of the river in interaction with local communities.

This paper presents the results of a research conducted to support a training proposal which enables students to work as real estate appraisers. Nowadays in Spain it is enough to be an architect or an engineer to become a real estate appraiser, while further complementary training rests in the hands of the appraisal companies. Analyzing the knowledge needed to perform adjusted appraisals, the international standards and other empiric analysis, we will try to build a coherent training plan showing how the need for technical training emerges, especially in finance, in psychoeducational skills and professional ethics. Our aim is to claim the capacity of the pedagogic science as a relevant factor in solving important socio-economic problems by diagnosing training needs and the design of programs.

Antecedentes: En los últimos años es constatable la preocupación de economistas, sociólogos y pedagogos por explicar las interacciones entre educación y emprendimiento. Ambos elementos conforman un binomio indisoluble, convertido en fórmula para lograr un conocimiento que permita al emprendedor desarrollar iniciativas que contribuyan a la creación de empresas y, por tanto, a la prosperidad social y económica. Objetivo: Poner en valor la formación del profesorado como componente humano fundamental en el ecosistema empresarial, y revalorizar el papel de la educación en la formación de competencias emprendedoras. Método: Se utiliza un paradigma cualitativo, que permite explorar y describir el fenómeno de interés y la obtención de información para establecer configuraciones teóricas. Concretamente, se ha partido del Enfoque del Marco Lógico. Conclusiones: En este proceso de cambio se sitúa como figura clave al profesor, ya que el éxito de los futuros emprendedores está ligado a la capacidad y conocimientos que sus docentes posean e impartan como componente fundamental en el complejo entramado del ecosistema empresarial.

Regulations imposed on the use of chemical insecticides call for the development of environmental-friendly pest management strategies. One of the most effective strategies is the push–pull system, which takes advantage of the behavioral response of the insect to the integration of repellent stimuli; it expels the pest out of the main crop (push), while attracting stimuli (attractants) pull the pest to an alternative crop or trap (pull). The objective of this study was to design a push–pull system to control Spodoptera frugiperda in maize crops (Zea mays) in Morelos, Mexico. Data on reproductive potential, larvae development, food consumption and olfactometry were used to obtain a Trap Plant Selection Index (TRAPS) based on Principal Component Analysis. This TRAPS was used to select the most suitable plants. The degree of repellency of potential plants to be used as the trap crop was studied with four-way olfactometers. S. frugiperda females oviposited more eggs on Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania than on Z. mays, regardless of the fact that these plants delayed the development of their offspring. Dysphania ambrosioides, Tagetes erecta and Crotalaria juncea were less attractive to S. frugiperda females. Therefore, the former plants could be used as crop traps, and the latter as intercropped repellent plants in a push–pull system.

The difficulty to locate mates and overcome predation can hamper species establishment and population maintenance. The effects of sparseness between individuals or the effect of predators on the probability of population growth can be difficult to measure experimentally. For testing hypotheses about population density and predation, we contend that habitat complexity can be simulated using insect mazes of varying mathematical difficulty. To demonstrate the concept, we investigated whether the use of 3D printed mazes of varying complexity could be used to increase spatial separation between sexes of Drosophila simulans, and whether the presence of a generalist predator hampered mate-finding. We then examined how increasing D. simulans population density might overcome the artificially created effects of increasing the distance between mates and having a predator present. As expected, there was an increase in time taken to find a mate and a lower incidence of mating as habitat complexity increased. Increasing the density of flies reduced the searching time and increased mating success, and overcame the effect of the predator in the maze. Printable 3D mazes offer the opportunity to quickly assess the effects of spatial separation on insect population growth in the laboratory, without the need for large enclosed spaces. Mazes could be scaled up for larger insects and can be used for other applications such as learning.

We tested the predatory capacity of newly-hatched or newly-molted Chrysoperla comanche (Banks) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) larvae after a 24 h fasting period on adults of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) that were feeding on tomato plants (at vegetative and blooming stage) under glasshouse conditions. We also recorded fruit damage by the thrips. Both Chysoperla spp. depredated a similar number of F. occidentalis (thrips) adults regardless of the phenological stage of the plant. Second and third instar larvae of both species consumed significantly more thrips than first instar during plant blooming, however when the plant was at vegetative stage, all larval stages of both species predated a similar number of thrips. A significantly lower fruit damage percentage was recorded at the blooming plant when C. comanche larvae were in the experimental cage, however the presence of second and third instar of both species significantly reduced the fruit damage. No foliar damage was recorded. As far as we know, this is the first assessment of the predatory capacity of C. comanche and C. externa on thrips feeding on tomato under glasshouse conditions.

During the last years the INFAD Association in collaboration with the Association Union for Innovation G21 has been focusing part of its efforts on the enhancement of Ergonomics as a scientific discipline, and in a very specific way those applications that touch closely the field of disability offering strategies that generate elements of social inclusion and useful tools to build accessible environments that will contribute to the integral development of the person with disability. In this context we present the results of the work on identification of needs, attitudes and challenges of the different agents involved in the Ergonomics approach. The objectives of this analysis are to inform the current situation of the companies regarding the real level of implementation of Accessible and Universal Designs, as well as the identification of attitudes and challenges, always considering the main parties involved in this process. The on-line questionnaire was the basic instrument used for the investigation. To this end, the main variables on which information was needed were generated, generating specific questions capable of eliciting reliable, valid and susceptible responses to be quantified. The survey was distributed through the main social networks that operate with INFAD, prioritizing business, university and educational contexts. A total of 100 people participated, whose profile corresponds to the main actors that interact in the process of implementing ergonomic designs in educational and business contexts: employers, employers, managers, business managers, workers and workers with some type of disability.

El presente trabajo, teniendo como telón de fondo los retos y oportunidades que el envejecimiento está induciendo en las sociedades más avanzadas, aborda cualitativa y cuantitativamente el grado de influencia que las actividades intergeneracionales tiene en los dos grupos de interés más directos - personas mayores y jóvenes-. Se analiza el proceso de intervención y los resultados obtenidos, con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error de +/- 5%, de la experiencia llevada a cabo con 110 personas extraídas entre jóvenes universitarios y estudiantes de los programas universitarios para mayores.