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Introducción: La validación de métodos de predicción de riesgo es importante para establecer medidas preventivas adecuadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la validez interna de una escala de mortalidad por afección cardiovascular en ancianos. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio analítico, observacional, retrospectivo, de tipo caso-control, de 58 pacientes fallecidos (casos) y 134 vivos (controles), pertenecientes a 3 áreas de salud (policlínicos Ramón López Peña, Municipal y 28 de septiembre) del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2021. Para realizar la validación de dicha escala se evaluó la capacidad discriminativa y la calibración; la validez de apariencia, criterio y constructo, así como su fiabilidad y consistencia interna. Resultados: La escala diseñada discriminó mejor que la EPICARDIAN en ambos sexos; 68,8 % de los fallecidos del grupo de validación fueron clasificados de alto riesgo. El valor del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,639 y el estandarizado de 0,564. Conclusiones:La escala evaluada calibra adecuadamente al aplicarla en otra población con similar característica a la que le dio origen y discrimina de manera pertinente a las personas clasificadas como alto riesgo de fallecer por una enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica.

Introduction: One of the millennium challenges worldwide is to fight the advance of the human immunodeficiency virus/aids. Objective: To characterize the sick population with clinical onset of AIDS according to sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out, from 2017 to 2021, of 87 people diagnosed with clinical onset of AIDS in Santiago de Cuba province. In the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies; also, confidence intervals of 95% were computed for the proportions of selected variables. Results: The average age in the series was 42 years (79.3%), likewise, there was a prevalence of the male sex (91.9%), single as marital status (91.9%), working bond (72.4%), mixed race (52.8%) and black skin color (39.3%), and the urban origin (73.5%). The anal coitus was the main way of infection (84.0%), while the majority of the affected individuals of both sexes (65.2% in males and 66.7% in females) did not use condoms and homosexuality predominated among men (55.0%). Conclusions: The clinical onset of AIDS prevailed in young and single men, with working bond, among whom risky sexual behaviors were very significant.

Introducción: Se han explorado los posibles predictores no tradicionales de enfermedades cardiovasculares en personas mayores. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo no tradicionales de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos mayores. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo casos y controles en pacientes adultos mayores pertenecientes a 3 áreas de salud del municipio Santiago de Cuba, durante el año 2021. Los casos fueron pacientes fallecidos por enfermedad cardiovascular de tipo ateroesclerótica y los controles, pacientes adultos mayores vivos, sin la enfermedad. Se determinó la razón de productos cruzados (OR), el intervalo de confianza (IC) y la prueba ji cuadrado para identificar los factores de riesgo que se asociaron a la mortalidad. Resultados: La fragilidad (OR= 3,380; IC: 2,476-4,615; p= 0,000) y el deterioro cognitivo (OR= 2,731; IC: 2,006-3,717; p= 0,000] mostraron asociación estadística muy significativa con la mortalidad; los pacientes con 3 o más factores de riesgo presentaron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad (OR= 4,683). Conclusiones: La fragilidad y la multimorbilidad son nuevos predictores de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos mayores, que cuando se asocian, implican mayor riesgo.

Introduction: In the context of healthy aging, the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is a challenge. Objective: To design a scale, based on identified risk factors, for predicting mortality due to cardiovascular affection in elderly. Methods: An analytic, observational and retrospective case-control study was carried out that included 536 elderly over 60 years, belonging to 3 health areas (Ramón López Peña, Municipal and 28 de Septiembre polyclinics) from Santiago de Cuba municipality, during 2021. The scale was derived from the analysis of binary logistical regression of the identified cardiovascular risk factors. Results: As the score of the scale increased, the percentage of dead patients increased. The area under the curve was of 0.836 (p = 0.000) and in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was obtained p = 1.000. Conclusions: The proposed scale allowed predicting mortality due to cardiovascular affection in elderly, with very good discrimination capacity and calibration.

Introduction: Breast milk is considered the perfect vaccine of all times and the best nutrition source for children. Objective: To determine the knowledge level of mothers and fathers on exclusive breast feeding. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out of 27 mothers and 27 fathers of early weaning infants. They were from the health area of Camilo Torres Restrepo Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2021, for which the survey was used. Results: It was found that knowledge on breast feeding was considered high in 13 mothers (48.1 %) and medium in 11 fathers (40.7 %). All members of the series received information on the topic and the fundamental ways were mass media (85.0 %), followed by relatives and friends (55.0 %). Conclusions: The knowledge about exclusive breast feeding in fathers was insufficient and, in mothers, it was necessary to increase this knowledge on the techniques to breastfeed.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first death cause in Cuba and the world. Objective: To identify the predictive factors of deaths due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in elderly people. Methods: An analytic case-control type study was carried out that included 237 dead patients due to atherosclerotic heart disease (cases) and 711 living elderly (control), belonging to 3 health areas of Santiago de Cuba municipality, from January to December, 2021. Results: The predictive factors that were part of the model were nicotine addiction, not very healthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, fragility, cognitive deterioration and multimorbidity. Conclusions: The traditional risk factors selected in this study, combined with other potential conditions, improved the prediction of mortality due to heart disease in elderly and facilitated the orientation of preventive interventions in this population group.

Introduction: In Cuba our own vaccines are developed, although the country has a great economic crisis and the material resources are limited. Objective: To describe the vaccination anti-COVID-19 campaign with Abdala in an adult population. Methods: A descriptive serial cases study was carried out in 616 patients over 19 years corresponding to the Family Doctor Office No. 5 of Ramón López Peña Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, who received the immunogen Abdala from June to August, 2021. Results: In the 616 adults that were immunized in the vaccine office of their family doctor office, there was a prevalence of the male sex (53.4 %), mainly 40 to 59 years (20.2 %). Among the most usual secondary effects we can mention pain in the place of the injection (23.1 %), followed by headache (12.2 %); nevertheless, all completed the vaccination scheme of 3 doses. In general, the 93.6 % of the adult population was vaccinated and 6.4 % didn't receive the immunization, mainly due to the history of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 (1.6 %), among other causes. Conclusions: The campaign was successful, because a high percentage of immunized people was reached, which is attributed to the active participation of the population and the health basic team.

Introduction: The low birth weight is considered an indicator of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with low birth weight in a health area of Ramón Lopez Peña Teaching Polyclinic, in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational analytic case-control study was carried out, that included 20 newborns with low birth weight (cases), and another group integrated by 80 infants, who didn't present this condition (controls), belonging to the health area abovementioned, from January to December, 2021. The ratio of crossed products, the confidence interval, chi-square test and the attributable risk in exposed percentage were determined. Results: The preterm birth, multiple pregnancy and low maternal weight presented a ratio of crossed products of 13.7; 7 and 3.2, respectively. In a same way, it was elevated in the diseases related to pregnancy, such as anemia, hypertension and vaginal and urinary infections. Conclusions: The inadequate weight at the first prenatal visit, preterm childbirth, multiple pregnancy and the presence of diseases related to pregnancy were the risk factors associated with low birth weight.

Introduction: The COVID-19 has affected in a disproportionate way the elderly who have a more unfavorable clinical course. Objective: To analyze the cardiovascular risk factors associated with the mortality of elderly with COVID-19. Methods: An analytic, case-control type study, of 25 elderly belonging to the Ramón López Peña Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, they died due to COVID 19 between January, 2020 and the same month in 2022 (cases) and 50 that didn't die (controls). The ratio of crossed products, confidence interval and attributable risk in exposed percentage were determined. Results: The age was the risk marker of more association and hypertension was the associated disease of more relevance, for a ratio of crossed products 6.0 and 10.1, respectively. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the patients of advanced age, hypertense, smokers, obese and with cognitive deterioration should be identified, as well as to use a preventive approach that allows the early diagnosis and treatment, to avoid this way fatal outcomes due to COVID-19.