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19. Hybrid Friction - Impact Vibration Damper for Cryogenic Rotating Machinery

Author

Gerald T. Montague, Ravindera K. Gadangi, J. Jeffrey Moore, Alford F. Kascak, Gerald V. Brown, and Alan Palazzolo

Subjects
Materials science, Turbine blade, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Vibration control, Aerospace Engineering, Structural engineering, law.invention, Viscosity, Fuel Technology, Critical speed, Fracture toughness, Space and Planetary Science, law, Vibration damper, business, Cryogenic temperature
Published
1997

29. Glucose effectiveness is a critical pathogenic factor leading to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes: An ignored hypothesis.

Author

Alford, F. P., Henriksen, J. E., Rantzau, C., Beck‐Nielsen, H., and Beck-Nielsen, H

Abstract

Background: Although the ability of glucose to mediate its own in vivo metabolism is long documented, the quantitative measurement of whole body glucose-mediated glucose disposal at basal insulin levels (glucose effectiveness [GE]), followed the introduction of the Minimal Model intravenous glucose tolerance test technique.Methods: A literature review, combined with our own studies, of the role of GE in glucose metabolism in normal and "at risk" individuals, was undertaken to determine GE's contribution to glucose homeostasis.Results: GE accounts for ~45% to 65% of glucose disposal in man. A negative association between GE and insulin meditated glucose disposal (Si), is present in normal subjects without a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus but is absent in normoglycaemic "at risk" relatives with a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. Intracellular GE disposal is mediated by mass action of glucose through the skeletal muscle membrane via facilitated Glut 4 transporters. However, GE is frequently forgotten as a significant contributor to the development of glucose intolerance in "at risk" individuals. Only limited studies have examined the role of a lower GE in such normoglycemic subjects with preexisting mild insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. These studies demonstrate that in "at risk" individuals, an initial low GE is a key contributor and predictor of future glucose intolerance, whereas an initial raised GE is protective against future glucose intolerance.Conclusion: In "at risk" individuals, a low GE and genetically determined vulnerable β-cell function are more critical determinants of future glucose intolerance than their preexisting insulin-resistant state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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31. READERS REPORT.

Author

SUTTER, FREDERICK M., EVERS JR., JOHN J., THOMAS SR., JOHN, MURPHY, CARL A., ROSS, RALPH V., ALFORD, F. B., SLEICHER, ROBERT P., HOWARD, JOHN A., McKINNEY, LAURENCE, WIGMORE, CECIL F., ABE, K., and CALKINS, EDWARD W. S.

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, AUTOMOBILE sales & prices, RETAIL industry
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "How Detroit Figures Auto Prices" in the April 6, 1957 issue, a report about Toyobo and a photo layout about automobile retailing.

Published
1957

32. Fenofibrate intervention and event lowering in diabetes (FIELD) study: baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, M-R, Simes, J, Barter, P, Keech, A, Colman, P, D'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, J-C, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, Morris, S, Renner, C, Smith, R, Wackrow, M, Young, S, Alard, F, Alcoe, J, Allan, C, Amerena, J, Anderson, R, Arnold, N, Arsov, T, Ashby, D, Atkinson, C, Badhni, L, Balme, M, Barton, D, Batrouney, B, Beare, C, Beattie, T, Beggs, J, Bendall, C, Benz, A, Bond, A, Bradfield, R, Bradshaw, J, Brearley, S, Bruce, D, Burgess, J, Butler, J, Callary, M, Campbell, J, Chambers, K, Chow, J, Chow, S, Ciszek, K, Clifton, P, Clifton-Bligh, P, Clowes, V, Coates, P, Cocks, C, Cole, S, Colquhoun, D, Correcha, M, Costa, B, Coverdale, S, Croft, M, Crowe, J, Dal Sasso, S, Davis, W, Dunn, J, Edwards, S, Elder, R, El-Kaissi, S, Emery, L, England, M, Farouque, O, Fernandez, M, Fitzpatrick, B, Francis, N, Freeman, P, Fuller, A, Gale, D, Gaylard, V, Gillzan, C, Glatthaar, C, Goddard, J, Grange, V, Greenaway, T, Griffin, J, Grogan, A, Guha, S, Gustafson, J, Hamblin, PS, Hannay, T, Hardie, C, Harper, A, Hartl, G, Harvey, A, Havlin, S, Haworth, K, Hay, P, Hay, L, Heenan, B, Hesketh, R, Heyworth, A, Hines, M, Hockings, G, Hodge, A, Hoffman, L, Hoskin, L, Howells, M, Hunt, A, Inder, W, Jackson, D, Jovanovska, A, Kearins, K, Kee, P, Keen, J, Kilpatrick, D, Kindellan, J, Kingston-Ray, M, Kotowicz, M, Lassig, A, Layton, M, Lean, S, Lim, E, Long, F, Lucas, L, Ludeman, D, Ludeman-Robertson, C, Lyall, M, Lynch, L, Maddison, C, Malkus, B, Marangou, A, Margrie, F, Matthiesson, K, Matthiesson, J, Maxwell, S, McCarthy, K, McElduff, A, Mckee, H, McKenzie, J, McLachan, K, McNair, P, Meischke, M, Miller, AMC, Morrison, B, Morton, A, Mossman, W, Mowat, A, Muecke, J, Murie, P, Murray, S, Nadorp, P, Nair, S, Nairn, J, Nankervis, A, Narayan, K, Nattrass, N, Ngui, J, Nicholls, S, Nicholls, V, Nye, JA, Nye, E, O'Neal, D, O'Neill, M, O'Rourke, S, Pearse, J, Pearson, C, Phillips, J, Pittis, L, Playford, D, Porter, L, Portley, R, Powell, M, Preston, C, Pringle, S, Quinn, WA, Raffaele, J, Ramnath, G, Ramsden, J, Richtsteiger, D, Roffe, S, Rosen, S, Ross, G, Ross, Z, Rowe, J, Rumble, D, Ryan, S, Sansom, J, Seymour, C, Shanahan, E, Shelly, S, Shepherd, J, Sherman, G, Siddall, R, Silva, D, Simmons, S, Simpson, R, Sinha, A, Slobodniuk, R, Smith, M, Smith, P, Smith, S, Smith-Orr, V, Snow, J, Socha, L, Stack, T, Steed, K, Steele, K, Stephensen, J, Stevens, P, Stewart, G, Stewart, R, Strakosch, C, Sullivan, M, Sunder, S, Sunderland, J, Tapp, E, Taylor, J, Thorn, D, Tolley, A, Torpy, D, Truran, G, Turner, F, Turner, J, Van de Velde, J, Varley, S, Wallace, J, Walsh, J, Walshe, J, Ward, G, Watson, B, Watson, J, Webb, A, Werner, F, White, E, Whitehouse, A, Whitehouse, N, Wigg, S, Wilkinson, J, Wilmshurst, E, Wilson, D, Wittert, G, Wong, B, Wong, M, Worboys, S, Wright, S, Wu, S, Yarker, J, Yeo, M, Young, K, Youssef, J, Yuen, R, Zeimer, H, Ziffer, RW, Aura, A, Friman, A, Hanninen, J, Henell, J, Hyvarinen, N, Ikonen, M, Itkonen, A, Jappinen, J, Jarva, A, Jerkkola, T, Jokinen, V, Juutilainen, J, Kahkonen, H, Kangas, T, Karttunen, M, Kauranen, P, Kortelainen, S, Koukkunen, H, Kumpulainen, L, Laitinen, T, Laitinen, M, Lehto, R, Leinonen, E, Lindstron-Karjalainen, M, Lumiaho, A, Makela, J, Makinen, K, Mannermaa, L, Mard, T, Miettinen, J, Naatti, V, Paavola, S, Parssinen, N, Ripatti, J, Ruotsalainen, S, Salo, A, Siiskonen, M, Soppela, A, Starck, J, Suonranta, I, Ukkola, L, Valli, K, Virolainen, J, Allan, P, Arnold, W, Bagg, W, Balfour, K, Ball, T, Ballantine, B, Ballantyne, C, Barker, C, Bartley, F, Berry, E, Braatvedt, G, Campbell, A, Clarke, T, Clarke, R, Claydon, A, Clayton, S, Cresswell, P, Cutfield, R, Daffurn, J, Delahunt, J, Dissnayake, A, Eagleton, C, Ferguson, C, Florkowski, C, Fry, D, Giles, P, Gluyas, M, Grant, C, Guile, P, Guolo, M, Hale, P, Hammond, M, Healy, P, Hills, M, Hinge, J, Holland, J, Hyne, B, Ireland, A, Johnstone, A, Jones, S, Kerr, G, Kerr, K, Khant, M, Krebs, J, Law, L, Lydon, B, MacAuley, K, McEwan, R, McGregor, P, McLaren, B, McLeod, L, Medforth, J, Miskimmin, R, Moffat, J, Pickup, M, Prentice, C, Rahman, M, Reda, E, Ross, C, Ryalls, A, Schmid, D, Shergill, N, Snaddon, A, Snell, H, Stevens, L, Waterman, A, Watts, V, Jayne, K, Keirnan, E, Newman, P, Ritchie, G, Rosenfeld, A, Beller, E, Gebski, V, Pillai, A, Anderson, C, Blakesmith, S, Chan, S-Y, Czyniewski, S, Dobbie, A, Doshi, S, Dupuy, A, Eckermann, S, Edwards, M, Fields, N, Flood, K, Ford, S, French, C, Gillies, S, Greig, C, Groshens, M, Gu, J, Guo, Y, Hague, W, Healy, S, Hones, L, Hossain, Z, Howlett, M, Lee, J, Li, L-P, Matthews, T, Micallef, J, Martin, A, Minns, I, Nguyen, A, Papuni, F, Patel, A, Pike, R, Pena, M, Pinto, K, Schipp, D, Schroeder, J, Sim, B, Sodhi, C, Sourjina, T, Sutton, C, Taylor, R, Vlagsma, P, Walder, S, Walker, R, Wong, W, Zhang, J, Zhong, B, Kokkonen, A, Narva, P, Niemi, E-L, Syrjanen, A-M, Lintott, C, Tirimacco, R, Kajosaari, M, Raman, L, Sundvall, J, Tukianen, M, Crimet, D, Sirugue, I, and Aubonnet, P

Subjects
Male, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Atorvastatin, Coronary Disease, Fibrate, SECONDARY PREVENTION, ATORVASTATIN, law.invention, Placebos, Randomized controlled trial, Fenofibrate, law, Myocardial infarction, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Finland, Original Investigation, Hypolipidemic Agents, PLASMA, CHOLESTEROL, Middle Aged, INSULIN, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Diabetes Complications, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Obesity, Triglycerides, Aged, Apolipoproteins B, Bezafibrate, Science & Technology, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Australia, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, BEZAFIBRATE, FIELD Study Investigators, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, New Zealand
Abstract

Objective The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study is examining the effects of long-term fibrate therapy on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article describes the trial's run-in phase and patients' baseline characteristics. Research design and methods FIELD is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 centres in 3 countries evaluating the effects of fenofibrate versus placebo on CHD morbidity and mortality in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were to have no indication for lipid-lowering therapy on randomization, but could start these or other drugs at any time after randomization. Follow-up in the study was to be for a median duration of not less than 5 years and until 500 major coronary events (fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal myocardial infarction) had occurred. Results About 2100 patients (22%) had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and thus high risk status. Less than 25% of patients without CVD had a (UKPDS determined) calculated 5-year CHD risk of 30), most were men, two-thirds were aged over 60 years, and substantial proportions had NCEP ATP III features of the metabolic syndrome independent of their diabetes, including low HDL (60%), high blood pressure measurement or treatment for hypertension (84%), high waist measurement (68%), and raised triglycerides (52%). After a 6-week run-in period before randomisation with all participants receiving 200 mg comicronized fenofibrate, there were declines in total and LDL cholesterol (10%) and triglycerides (26%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (6.5%). Conclusion The study will show the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist action on CHD and other vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes including substantial numbers with low to moderate CVD risk but with the various components of the metabolic syndrome. The main results of the study will be reported in late 2005.

Published
2005

33. The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: The rationale and design of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Barter, P, Best, J, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Keech, A, Laakso, M, Scott, R, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Taskinen, M-R, Whiting, M, Ansquer, J-C, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, D, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, and Vanhala, M

Abstract

Background: Fibrates correct the typical lipid abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no study, to date, has specifically set out to evaluate the role of fibrate therapy in preventing cardiovascular events in this setting. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, were screened for eligibility to participate in a long-term trial of comicronized fenofibrate 200 mg daily compared with matching placebo to assess benefits of treatment on the occurrence of coronary and other vascular events. People with total cholesterol levels 3.0-6.5 mmol/L plus either a total-to-HDLc ratio >4.0 or triglyceride level >1.0 mmol /L with no clear indication for lipid-modifying therapy were eligible. Results: A total of 9795 people were randomized into the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial. All received dietary advice, followed by a 6-week single-blind placebo run-in, then a 6-week active run-in period before randomization. Participants are being followed up every 6 months for outcome events and safety assessments. The study is designed to yield at least 500 coronary events (primary endpoint: first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death) over 5 years, to have 80% power to identify as statistically significant at 2P = 0.05 a 22% reduction in such events, using intention-to-treat methods. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. The current evidence about use of fibrates in type 2 diabetes, from around 2000 people treated, will increase with FIELD to evidence from around 12000. FIELD will establish the role of fenofibrate treatment in reducing cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. The main results are expected to be available in late 2005. © 2004 The FIELD Study Investigators; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2004

34. The Australian multicenter trial of growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH- deficient adults.

Author

Conway A., Cuneo R.C., Judd S., Wallace J.D., Perry-Keene D., Burger H., Lim-Tio S., Strauss B., Stockigt J., Topliss D., Alford F., Hew L., Bode H., Handelsman D., Hurley D., Cheung N.W., Boyages S., Dunn S., Conway A., Cuneo R.C., Judd S., Wallace J.D., Perry-Keene D., Burger H., Lim-Tio S., Strauss B., Stockigt J., Topliss D., Alford F., Hew L., Bode H., Handelsman D., Hurley D., Cheung N.W., Boyages S., and Dunn S.

Abstract

GH treatment in adults with GH deficiency has numerous beneficial effects, but most studies have been small. We report the results of an Australian multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of recombinant human GH treatment in adults with GH deficiency. GH deficiency was defined as a peak serum GH of <5 mU/liter in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either GH (0.125 U/kg per week for 1 month and 0.25 U/kg per week for 5 months) or placebo. After 6 months, all patients received GH. The primary end points were biochemical responses, body composition, quality of life, and safety. One hundred sixty-six patients (72 females and 91 males) with a mean age of 40 +/- 1 yr (+/-SEM; range 17-67 yr) were recruited. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increased from a standard deviation score of -2.64 +/- 0.27 (range -8.8 to +3.82; n = 78) to +1.08 +/- 2.87 (range -7.21 to +6.42) at 6 months in the GH/GH group; 38% of the whole group were above the age- specific reference range following treatment [17.6% and 68.9% with subnormal (<2 SD) or normal (+/-2 SD) pretreatment levels, respectively]. Fasting total cholesterol (P = 0.042) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.006) decreased over the first 6 months. Fat-free mass increased in the first 6 months whether measured by bioelectrical impedance (P < 0.001) or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; P < 0.001). Total-body water increased in the first 6 months whether measured by bioelectrical impedance (P < 0.001) or deuterium dilution (P = 0.002). Fat mass measured by DEXA (P < 0.001), skinfold thicknesses (P < 0.001), and waist/hip ratio (P = 0.001) decreased in the first 6 months. Most changes in body composition were complete by 3 months of treatment and maintained to 12 months. Whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) (by DEXA) was unaffected by GH treatment. Self-reported quality of life was considered good before treatment, a

Published
2012

35. Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study: Baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]

Author

Keech, AC, Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, MR, Simes, J, Barter, P, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, JC, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, Morris, S, Keech, AC, Scott, R, Best, J, Forder, P, Taskinen, MR, Simes, J, Barter, P, Colman, P, d'Emden, M, Davis, T, Drury, P, Ehnholm, C, Glasziou, P, Hunt, D, Kesaniemi, YA, Laakso, M, Simes, RJ, Sullivan, D, Whiting, M, Ansquer, JC, Fraitag, B, Anderson, N, Hankey, G, Lehto, S, Mann, S, Romo, M, Li, LP, Hennekens, C, MacMahon, S, Pocock, S, Tonkin, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Akauola, H, Alford, F, Beinart, I, Bohra, S, Boyages, S, Connor, H, Darnell, D, Davoren, P, Lepre, F, De Looze, F, Duffield, A, Fassett, R, Flack, J, Fulcher, G, Grant, S, Hamwood, S, Harmelin, D, Jackson, R, Jeffries, W, Kamp, M, Kritharides, L, Mahar, L, McCann, V, McIntyre, D, Moses, R, Newnham, H, Nicholson, G, O'Brien, R, Park, K, Petrovsky, N, Phillips, P, Pinn, G, Simmons, D, Stanton, K, Stuckey, B, Sullivan, DR, Suranyi, M, Suthers, M, Tan, Y, Templer, M, Topliss, D, Waites, JH, Watts, G, Welborn, T, Wyndham, R, Haapamaki, H, Kesaniemi, A, Lahtela, J, Levanen, H, Saltevo, J, Sodervik, H, Taskinen, M, Vanhala, M, Baker, J, Burton, A, Dixon, P, Doran, J, Dunn, P, Graham, N, Hamer, A, Hedley, J, Lloyd, J, Manning, P, McPherson, I, and Morris, S

Abstract

Objective: The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study is examining the effects of long-term fibrate therapy on coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates in patients with diabetes mellitus. This article describes the trial's run-in phase and patients' baseline characteristics. Research design and methods: FIELD is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 centres in 3 countries evaluating the effects of fenofibrate versus placebo on CHD morbidity and mortality in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were to have no indication for lipid-lowering therapy on randomization, but could start these or other drugs at any time after randomization. Follow-up in the study was to be for a median duration of not less than 5 years and until 500 major coronary events (fatal coronary heart disease plus nonfatal myocardial infarction) had occurred. Results: About 2100 patients (22%) had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and thus high risk status. Less than 25% of patients without CVD had a (UKPDS determined) calculated 5-year CHD risk of <5%, but nearly all had a 5-year stroke risk of <10%. Despite this, half of the cohort were obese (BMI >30), most were men, two-thirds were aged over 60 years, and substantial proportions had NCEP ATP III features of the metabolic syndrome independent of their diabetes, including low HDL (60%), high blood pressure measurement (41%), high waist measurement (65%), and raised triglycerides (52%). After a 6-week run-in period before randomisation with all participants receiving 200 mg comicronized fenofibrate, there were declines in total and LDL cholesterol (10%) and triglycerides (26%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (6.5%). Conclusion: The study will show the effect of PPAR-alpha agonist action on CHD and other vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes including substantial numbers with low to moderate CVD risk but with the various components of the metabolic

Published
2005

47. Mutation Analysis of theMEN1Gene in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, Familial Acromegaly and Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism1

Author

Teh, B. T., primary, Kytölä, S., additional, Farnebo, F., additional, Bergman, L., additional, Wong, F. K., additional, Weber, G., additional, Hayward, N., additional, Larsson, C., additional, Skogseid, B., additional, Beckers, A., additional, Phelan, C., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Epstein, M., additional, Alford, F., additional, Hurley, D., additional, Grimmond, S., additional, Silins, G., additional, Walters, M., additional, Stewart, C., additional, Cardinal, J., additional, Khodaei, S., additional, Parente, F., additional, Tranebjærg, L., additional, Jorde, R., additional, Menon, J., additional, Khir, A., additional, Tan, T. T., additional, Chan, S. P., additional, Zaini, A., additional, Khalid, B. A. K., additional, Sandelin, K., additional, Thompson, N., additional, Brandi, M.-L., additional, Warth, M., additional, Stock, J., additional, Leisti, J., additional, Cameron, D., additional, Shepherd, J. J., additional, Öberg, K., additional, Nordenskjöld, M., additional, and Salmela, P., additional

Published
1998
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