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Haya Almalag,1 Hanan H Abouzaid,1 Lamya Alnaim,1 Jawza Albaqami,1 Rawan Al Shalhoub,1 Ibrahim Almaghlouth,2,3 Maha Dessougi,4 Amal Al Harthi,4 Mohamed Bedaiwi,2 Eman Alfi,5 Mohammed A Omair2 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3College of Medicine Research Centre, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Rheumatology Department, Security Force Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Haya Almalag Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 118057859Email halmalaq@ksu.edu.saBackground: Methotrexate (MTX) Intolerance Severity Score (MISS) has been previously validated in the Arabic language and has helped to detect high levels of intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of the current study was to evaluate patient and disease characteristics associated with a high risk of MTX intolerance.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional interview-based survey was conducted using adult RA patients as a study group, who were visiting a specialized rheumatology clinic at King Saud University Medical City. The Arabic MISS was used in this survey. Statistical analyses were performed to understand associations between MTX-intolerant and MTX-tolerant patients.Results: A total of 117 patients were involved in this study. Of those, 101 (86.3%) were females with a mean (SD) disease duration of 6.6 (5.7) years. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) was 3.6 (3.6– 4.1). MTX intolerance was observed in 55 (47%) patients. The most predominant component in patients with a positive test was the behavioral component. Intolerant patients had a higher median of pain (47.3 vs. 50.0; P = 0.010) and patient global assessment (50.0 vs. 60.0; P = 0.004) scales compared to those in tolerant patients. Additionally, MTX intolerance was associated with the female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.724; 95% CI 1.420, 31.843, P = 0.016), marital status (AOR 2.549; 95% CI 1.037, 6.270, P = 0.042) and DAS28 (AOR 1.612; 95% CI 1.032, 2.517, P = 0.036). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the remaining disease activity parameters, background therapies, seropositivity, and smoking status (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Patient characteristics, rather than disease activity, significantly impact MTX intolerance. Behavioral component is the main driver of intolerance. Intolerant patients have higher patient-reported outcomes. Qualitative studies are needed to explore causes and potential solutions to MTX intolerance.Keywords: methotrexate, rheumatoid arthritis, intolerance

The SUS 316 thin metal foils have widely used in the field of industries, such a electronic, industries. The aim of this research wants to clarify the effect of annealing and quench temper to the mechanical properties of SUS 316 thin metal foils. The SUS 316 thin metal foil (TMF) after annealing and quench temper treatment at 900 oC for 3 hours were studied by uniaxial tensile and microstructure analysis. The SEM-EBSD investigation used for microstructure analysis. The result of this research shown that the difference of uniaxial tensile test occur in SUS 316L with different grain size (Dg) such as 1,0 um until 9,0 um. Martensitic phase transformation (MPT) occur in SUS 316 TMF as shown in SEM-EBSD result. The microstructure change indicated by the change of grain misorientation (GMO) in SUS 316 TMF fine grains and coarse grain.

The research aimed to enhance student’s curiosity at grade X MIA by implementation of guided inquiry learning model on the topic of invertebrate. Research method was a Classroom Action Research based on the model developed by Lewin (1992). This research was performed within 3 cycles with implementation of guided inquiry learning model based on Kuhlthau (2010). The subject is grade X MIA consist of 17 men students and 22 women students. Data were obtained by questionnaire, interviews, documentation, and observation sheets of four aspects of curiosity developed by Daniel Berlyne (1960) consisted of epistemic curiosity, perceptual curiosity, specific curiosity, diversive curiosity. The result showed that the student’s curiosity in precycle: epistemic curiosity at 21% with very low category, perceptual curiosity at 8% with very low category, specific curiosity at 12% with very low category, diversive curiosity at 23% with very low category. The student’s curiosity in cycle I: epistemic curiosity at 22% with very low category, perceptual curiosity at 21% with very low category, specific curiosity at 28% with very low category, diversive curiosity at 28% with very low category. The student’s curiosity in cycle II: epistemic curiosity at 32% with low category, perceptual curiosity at 24% with very low category, specific curiosity at 35% with low category, diversive curiosity at 39% with low category. The student’s curiosity in cycle III: epistemic curiosity at 46% with medium category, perceptual curiosity at 42% with low category, specific curiosity at 42% with low category, diversive curiosity at 44% with medium category. The student’s curiosity increased from very low category (16%) in precycle becomes low category (43,5%) in cycle III and meet the target research. Based on the results of research can be concluded that guided inquiry learning model can improve students' curiosity.