40 results on '"Alfarone, G."'
Search Results
2. Cytokine Production in an ex Vivo Whole Blood Model Following Induction by Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharides and Lipoteichoic Acid
- Author
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von Hunolstein, C., Totolian, A., Alfarone, G., Teti, G., Orefici, G., Horaud, Thea, editor, Bouvet, Anne, editor, Leclercq, Roland, editor, de Montclos, Henri, editor, and Sicard, Michel, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comparative seroepidemiology of diphtheria in six European countries and Israel
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GIOVINE, P. DI, KAFATOS, G., NARDONE, A., ANDREWS, N., ÖLANDER, R. M., ALFARONE, G., BROUGHTON, K., COHEN, D., KRIZ, B., MIKOVA, I., OʼFLANAGAN, D., SCHNEIDER, F., SELGA, I., VALINSKY, L., VELICKO, I., KARACS, I., PEBODY, R., and VON HUNOLSTEIN, C.
- Published
- 2013
4. Identification and molecular characterization of a S. agalactiae strain lacking the capsular locus
- Author
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Creti, R., Imperi, M., Pataracchia, M., Alfarone, G., Recchia, S., and Baldassarri, L.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Diphtheria Antibody Levels in the Italian Population
- Author
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von Hunolstein, C., Rota, M. C., Alfarone, G., Ricci, M. L., Salmaso, S., and and the Italian Serology Working Group
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Lateral transfer of alpha-like protein gene cassettes among streptococci: identification of a new family member in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
- Author
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Creti, R., Imperi, M., Baldassarri, L., Pataracchia, M., Alfarone, G., and Orefici, G.
- Published
- 2007
7. Virulence factors in enterococcal infections of orthopedic devices
- Author
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BALDASSARRI, L., CRETI, R., RECCHIA, S., PATARACCHIA, M., ALFARONE, G., OREFICI, G., CAMPOCCIA, D., MONTANARO, L., and ARCIOLA, C. R.
- Published
- 2006
8. Cytokine Production in an ex Vivo Whole Blood Model Following Induction by Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharides and Lipoteichoic Acid
- Author
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von Hunolstein, C., primary, Totolian, A., additional, Alfarone, G., additional, Teti, G., additional, and Orefici, G., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of adult versus paediatric diphtheria and tetanus booster dose at 6 years of age
- Author
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Ciofi degli Atti, M.L., Salmaso, S., Cotter, B., Gallo, G., Alfarone, G., Pinto, A., Bella, A., and von Hunolstein, C.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The alice experiment at the CERN LHC
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Aamodt, K. Quintana, A.A. Achenbach, R. Acounis, S. Adamová, D. Adler, C. Aggarwal, M. Agnese, F. Rinella, G.A. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Akindinov, A. Akishin, P. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfaro, R. Alfarone, G. Alici, A. Alme, J. Alt, T. Altinpinar, S. Amend, W. Andrei, C. Andres, Y. Andronic, A. Anelli, G. Anfreville, M. Angelov, V. Anzo, A. Anson, C. Anticić, T. Antonenko, V. Antonczyk, D. Antinori, F. Antinori, S. Antonioli, P. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Aprodu, V. Arba, M. Arcelli, S. Argentieri, A. Armesto, N. Arnaldi, R. Arefiev, A. Arsene, I. Asryan, A. Augustinus, A. Awes, T.C. Äysto, J. Azmi, M.D. Bablock, S. Badalà, A. Badyal, S.K. Baechler, J. Bagnasco, S. Bailhache, R. Bala, R. Baldisseri, A. Baldit, A. Bán, J. Barbera, R. Barberis, P.-L. Barbet, J.M. Barnäfoldi, G. Barret, V. Bartke, J. Bartos, D. Basile, M. Basmanov, V. Bastid, N. Batigne, G. Batyunya, B. Baudot, J. Baumann, C. Bearden, I. Becker, B. Belikov, J. Bellwied, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Belogianni, A. Belyaev, S. Benato, A. Beney, J.L. Benhabib, L. Benotto, F. Beolé, S. Berceanu, I. Bercuci, A. Berdermann, E. Berdnikov, Y. Bernard, C. Berny, R. Berst, J.D. Bertelsen, H. Betev, L. Bhasin, A. Baskar, P. Bhati, A. Bianchi, N. Bielčik, J. Bielčiková, J. Bimbot, L. Blanchard, G. Blanco, F. Blanco, F. Blau, D. Blume, C. Blyth, S. Boccioli, M. Bogdanov, A. Boøggild, H. Bogolyubsky, M. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bombonati, C. Bondila, M. Bonnet, D. Bonvicini, V. Borel, H. Borotto, F. Borshchov, V. Bortoli, Y. Borysov, O. Bose, S. Bosisio, L. Botje, M. Böttger, S. Bourdaud, G. Bourrion, O. Bouvier, S. Braem, A. Braun, M. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bravina, L. Bregant, M. Bruckner, G. Brun, R. Bruna, E. Brunasso, O. Bruno, G.E. Bucher, D. Budilov, V. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Buncic, P. Burns, M. Burachas, S. Busch, O. Bushop, J. Cai, X. Caines, H. Calaon, F. Caldogno, M. Cali, I. Camerini, P. Campagnolo, R. Campbell, M. Cao, X. Capitani, G.P. Romeo, G.C. Cardenas-Montes, M. Carduner, H. Carena, F. Carena, W. Cariola, P. Carminati, F. Casado, J. Diaz., A.C. Caselle, M. Castellanos, J.C. Castor, J. Catanescu, V. Cattaruzza, E. Cavazza, D. Cerello, P. Ceresa, S. Černý, V. Chambert, V. Chapeland, S. Charpy, A. Charrier, D. Chartoire, M. Charvet, J.L. Chattopadhyay, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Chepurnov, V. Chernenko, S. Cherney, M. Cheshkov, C. Cheynis, B. Chochula, P. Chiavassa, E. Barroso, V.C. Choi, J. Christakoglou, P. Christiansen, P. Christensen, C. Chykalov, O.A. Cicalo, C. Cifarelli-Strolin, L. Ciobanu, M. Cindolo, F. Cirstoiu, C. Clausse, O. Cleymans, J. Cobanoglu, O. Coffin, J.-P. Coli, S. Colla, A. Colledani, C. Combaret, C. Combet, M. Comets, M. Balbastre, G.C. Del Valle, Z.C. Contin, G. Contreras, J. Cormier, T. Corsi, F. Cortese, P. Costa, F. Crescio, E. Crochet, P. Cuautle, E. Cussonneau, J. Dahlinger, M. Dainese, A. Dalsgaard, H.H. Daniel, L. Das, I. Das, T. Dash, A. Da Silva, R. Davenport, M. Daues, H. De Caro, A. De Cataldo, G. De Cuveland, J. De Falco, A. De Gaspari, M. De Girolamo, P. De Groot, J. De Gruttola, D. De Haas, A. De Marco, N. De Pasquale, S. De Remigis, P. De Vaux, D. Decock, G. Delagrange, H. Del Franco, M. Dellacasa, G. Dell'Olio, C. Dell'Olio, D. Deloff, A. Demanov, V. Dénes, E. D'Erasmo, G. Derkach, D. Devaux, A. Di Bari, D. Di Bartolomeo, A. Di Giglio, C. Di Liberto, S. Di Mauro, A. Di Nezza, P. Dialinas, M. Diaz, L. Valdes, R.D. Dietel, T. Dima, R. Ding, H. Dinca, C. Divià, R. Dobretsov, V. Dobrin, A. Doenigus, B. Dobrowolski, T. Domínguez, I. Dorn, M. Drouet, S. Dubey, A.E. Ducroux, L. Dumitrache, F. Dumonteil, E. Dupieux, P. Duta, V. Majumdar, A.D. Majumdar, M.D. Dyhre, T. Efimov, L. Efremov, A. Elia, D. Emschermann, D. Engster, C. Enokizono, A. Espagnon, B. Estienne, M. Evangelista, A. Evans, D. Evrard, S. Fabjan, C.W. Fabris, D. Faivre, J. Falchieri, D. Fantoni, A. Farano, R. Fearick, R. Fedorov, O. Fekete, V. Felea, D. Feofilov, G. Téllez., A.F. Ferretti, A. Fichera, F. Filchagin, S. Filoni, E. Finck, C. Fini, R. Fiore, E.M. Flierl, D. Floris, M. Fodor, Z. Foka, Y. Fokin, S. Force, P. Formenti, F. Fragiacomo, E. Fragkiadakis, M. Fraissard, D. Franco, A. Franco, M. Frankenfeld, U. Fratino, U. Fresneau, S. Frolov, A. Fuchs, U. Fujita, J. Furget, C. Furini, M. Girard, M.F. Gaardhoøje, J.-J. Gabrielli, A. Gadrat, S. Gagliardi, M. Gago, A. Gaido, L. Torreira, A.G. Gallio, M. Gandolfi, E. Ganoti, P. Ganti, M. Garabatos, J. Lopez, A.G. Garizzo, L. Gaudichet, L. Gemme, R. Germain, M. Gheata, A. Gheata, M. Ghidini, B. Ghosh, P. Giolu, G. Giraudo, G. Giubellino, P. Glasow, R. Glässel, P. Ferreiro, E.G. Gutierrez, C.G. Gonzales-Trueba, L.H. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, Y. Gos, H. Gosset, J. Gotovac, S. Gottschlag, H. Gottschalk, D. Grabski, V. Grassi, T. Gray, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grebieszkow, K. Gregory, C. Grigoras, C. Grion, N. Grigoriev, V. Grigoryan, A. Grigoryan, C. Grigoryan, S. Grishuk, Y. Gros, P. Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. Grossiord, J.-Y. Grosso, R. Grynyov, B. Guarnaccia, C. Guber, F. Guerin, F. Guernane, R. Guerzoni, M. Guichard, A. Guida, M. Guilloux, G. Gulkanyan, H. Gulbrandsen, K. Gunji, T. Gupta, A. Gupta, V. Gustafsson, H.-A. Gutbrod, H. Hadjidakis, C. Haiduc, M. Hamar, G. Hamagaki, H. Hamblen, J. Hansen, J.C. Hardy, P. Hatzifotiadou, D. Harris, J.W. Hartig, M. Harutyunyan, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Hasch, D. Hasegan, D. Hehner, J. Heine, N. Heinz, M. Helstrup, H. Herghelegiu, A. Herlant, S. Corral, G.H. Herrmann, N. Hetland, K. Hille, P. Hinke, H. Hippolyte, B. Hoch, M. Hoebbel, H. Hoedlmoser, H. Horaguchi, T. Horner, M. Hristov, P. Hřivnáčová, I. Hu, S. Guo, C.H. Humanic, T. Hurtado, A. Hwang, D.S. Ianigro, J.C. Idzik, M. Igolkin, S. Ilkaev, R. Ilkiv, I. Imhoff, M. Innocenti, P.G. Ionescu, E. Ippolitov, M. Irfan, M. Insa, C. Inuzuka, M. Ivan, C. Ivanov, A. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, V. Jacobs, P. Jacholkowski, A. Jančurová, L. Janik, R. Jasper, M. Jena, C. Jirden, L. Johnson, D.P. Jones, G.T. Jorgensen, C. Jouve, F. Jovanović, P. Junique, A. Jusko, A. Jung, H. Jung, W. Kadija, K. Kamal, A. Kamermans, R. Kapusta, S. Kaidalov, A. Kakoyan, V. Kalcher, S. Kang, E. Kapitan, J. Kaplin, V. Karadzhev, K. Karavichev, O. Karavicheva, T. Karpechev, E. Karpio, K. Kazantsev, A. Kebschull, U. Keidel, R. Khan, M.M. Khanzadeev, A. Kharlov, Y. Kikola, D. Kileng, B. Kim, D. Kim, D.S. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.N. Kim, J.S. Kim, S. Kinson, J.B. Kiprich, S.K. Kisel, I. Kiselev, S. Kisiel, A. Kiss, T. Kiworra, V. Klay, J. Bösing, C.K. Kliemant, M. Klimov, A. Klovning, A. Kluge, A. Kluit, R. Kniege, S. Kolevatov, R. Kollegger, T. Kolojvari, A. Kondratiev, V. Kornas, E. Koshurnikov, E. Kotov, I. Kour, R. Kowalski, M. Kox, S. Kozlov, K. Králik, I. Kramer, F. Kraus, I. Kravčáková, A. Krawutschke, T. Krivda, M. Kryshen, E. Kucheriaev, Y. Kugler, A. Kuhn, C. Kuijer, P. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumpumaeki, P. Kurepin, A. Kurepin, A.N. Kushpil, S. Kushpil, V. Kutovsky, M. Kvaerno, H. Kweon, M. Labbé, J.-C. Lackner, F. De Guevara, P.L. Lafage, V. La Rocca, P. Lamont, M. Lara, C. Larsen, D.T. Laurenti, G. Lazzeroni, C. Le Bornec, Y. Le Bris, N. Le Gailliard, C. Lebedev, V. Lecoq, J. Lee, K.S. Lee, S.C. Lefévre, F. Legrand, I. Lehmann, T. Leistam, L. Lenoir, P. Lenti, V. Leon, H. Monzon, I.L. Lévai, P. Li, Q. Li, X. Librizzi, F. Lietava, R. Lindegaard, N. Lindenstruth, V. Lippmann, C. Lisa, M. Listratenko, O.M. Littel, F. Liu, Y. Lo, J. Lobanov, V. Loginov, V. Noriega, M.L. Lopez-Ramirez, R. Torres, E.L. Lorenzo, P.M. Loøvhoøiden, G. Lu, S. Ludolphs, W. Lunardon, M. Luquin, L. Lusso, S. Lutz, J-R. Luvisetto, M. Lyapin, V. Maevskaya, A. Magureanu, C. Mahajan, A. Majahan, S. Mahmoud, T. Mairani, A. Mahapatra, D. Makarov, A. Makhlyueva, I. Malek, M. Malkiewicz, T. Mal'Kevich, D. Malzacher, P. Mamonov, A. Manea, C. Mangotra, L.K. Maniero, D. Manko, V. Manso, F. Manzari, V. Mao, Y. Marcel, A. Marchini, S. Mareš, J. Margagliotti, G.V. Margotti, A. Marin, A. Marin, J.-C. Marras, D. Martinengo, P. Martínez, M.I. Martinez-Davalos, A. Garcia, G.M. Martini, S. Chiesa, A.M. Marzocca, C. Masciocchi, S. Masera, M. Masetti, M. Maslov, N.I. Masoni, A. Massera, F. Mast, M. Mastroserio, A. Matthews, Z.L. Mayer, B. Mazza, G. Mazzaro, M.D. Mazzoni, A. Meddi, F. Meleshko, E. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Meneghini, S. Meoni, M. Perez, J.M. Mereu, P. Meunier, O. Miake, Y. Michalon, A. Michinelli, R. Miftakhov, N. Mignone, M. Mikhailov, K. Milosevic, J. Minaev, Y. Minafra, F. Mischke, A. Miśkowiec, D. Mitsyn, V. Mitu, C. Mohanty, B. Moisa, D. Molnar, L. Mondal, M. Mondal, N. Zetina, L.M. Monteno, M. Morando, M. Morel, M. Moretto, S. Morhardt, T. Morsch, A. Moukhanova, T. Mucchi, M. Muccifora, V. Mudnic, E. Müller, H. M̈uller, W. Munoz, J. Mura, D. Musa, L. Muraz, J.F. Musso, A. Nania, R. Nandi, B. Nappi, E. Navach, F. Navin, S. Nayak, T. Nazarenko, S. Nazarov, G. Nellen, L. Nendaz, F. Nianine, A. Nicassio, M. Nielsen, B.S. Nikolaev, S. Nikolic, V. Nikulin, S. Nikulin, V. Nilsen, B. Nitti, M. Noferini, F. Nomokonov, P. Nooren, G. Noto, F. Nouais, D. Nyiri, A. Nystrand, J. Odyniec, G. Oeschler, H. Oinonen, M. Oldenburg, M. Oleks, I. Olsen, E.K. Onuchin, V. Oppedisano, C. Orsini, F. Ortiz-Velázquez, A. Oskamp, C. Oskarsson, A. Osmic, F. Österman, L. Otterlund, I. Ovrebekk, G. Oyama, K. Pachr, M. Pagano, P. Paić, G. Pajares, C. Pal, S. Pal, S. Pálla, G. Palmeri, A. Pancaldi, G. Panse, R. Pantaleo, A. Pappalardo, G.S. Pastirčák, B. Pastore, C. Patarakin, O. Paticchio, V. Patimo, G. Pavlinov, A. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Penichot, Y. Pepato, A. Pereira, H. Peresunko, D. Perez, C. Griffo, J.P. Perini, D. Perrino, D. Peryt, W. Pesci, A. Peskov, V. Pestov, Y. Peters, A.J. Petrá̌ek, V. Petridis, A. Petris, M. Petrov, V. Petrov, V. Petrovici, M. Peyré, J. Piano, S. Piccotti, A. Pichot, P. Piemonte, C. Pikna, M. Pilastrini, R. Pillot, P. Pinazza, O. Pini, B. Pinsky, L. Morais, V.P. Pismennaya, V. Piuz, F. Platt, R. Ploskon, M. Plumeri, S. Pluta, J. Pocheptsov, T. Podesta, P. Poggio, F. Poghosyan, M. Poghosyan, T. Polak, K. Polichtchouk, B. Polozov, P. Polyakov, V. Pommeresch, B. Pompei, F. Pop, A. Popescu, S. Posa, F. Pospíšil, V. Potukuchi, B. Pouthas, J. Prasad, S. Preghenella, R. Prino, F. Prodan, L. Prono, G. Protsenko, M.A. Pruneau, C.A. Przybyla, A. Pshenichnov, I. Puddu, G. Pujahari, P. Pulvirenti, A. Punin, A. Punin, V. Putschke, J. Quartieri, J. Quercigh, E. Rachevskaya, I. Rachevski, A. Rademakers, A. Radomski, S. Radu, A. Rak, J. Ramello, L. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Rasmussen, O.B. Rasson, J. Razin, V. Read, K. Real, J. Redlich, K. Reichling, C. Renard, C. Renault, G. Renfordt, R. Reolon, A.R. Reshetin, A. Revol, J.-P. Reygers, K. Ricaud, H. Riccati, L. Ricci, R.A. Richter, M. Riedler, P. Rigalleau, L.M. Riggi, F. Riegler, W. Rindel, E. Riso, J. Rivetti, A. Rizzi, M. Rizzi, V. Cahuantzi, M.R. Roøed, K. Röhrich, D. Román-López, S. Romanato, M. Romita, R. Ronchetti, F. Rosinsky, P. Rosnet, P. Rossegger, S. Rossi, A. Rostchin, V. Rotondo, F. Roukoutakis, F. Rousseau, S. Roy, C. Roy, D. Roy, P. Royer, L. Rubin, G. Rubio, A. Rui, R. Rusanov, I. Russo, G. Ruuskanen, V. Ryabinkin, E. Rybicki, A. Sadovsky, S. Šafařrik, K. Sahoo, R. Saini, J. Saiz, P. Salur, S. Sambyal, S. Samsonov, V. Šándor, L. Sandoval, A. Sann, H. Santiard, J.-C. Santo, R. Santoro, R. Sargsyan, G. Saturnini, P. Scapparone, E. Scarlassara, F. Schackert, B. Schiaua, C. Schicker, R. Schioler, T. Schippers, J.D. Schmidt, C. Schmidt, H. Schneider, R. Schossmaier, K. Schukraft, J. Schutz, Y. Schwarz, K. Schweda, K. Schyns, E. Scioli, G. Scomparin, E. Snow, H. Sedykh, S. Segato, G. Sellitto, S. Semeria, F. Senyukov, S. Seppänen, H. Serci, S. Serkin, L. Serra, S. Sesselmann, T. Sevcenco, A. Sgura, I. Shabratova, G. Shahoyan, R. Sharkov, E. Sharma, S. Shigaki, K. Shileev, K. Shukla, P. Shurygin, A. Shurygina, M. Sibiriak, Y. Siddi, E. Siemiarczuk, T. Sigward, M.H. Silenzi, A. Silvermyr, D. Silvestri, R. Simili, E. Simion, V. Simon, R. Simonetti, L. Singaraju, R. Singhal, V. Sinha, B. Sinha, T. Siska, M. Sitár, B. Sitta, M. Skaali, B. Skowronski, P. Slodkowski, M. Smirnov, N. Smykov, L. Snellings, R. Snoeys, W. Soegaard, C. Soerensen, J. Sokolov, O. Soldatov, A. Soloviev, A. Soltveit, H. Soltz, R. Sommer, W. Soos, C. Soramel, F. Sorensen, S. Soyk, D. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M. Stachel, J. Staley, F. Stan, I. Stavinskiy, A. Steckert, J. Stefanini, G. Stefanek, G. Steinbeck, T. Stelzer, H. Stenlund, E. Stocco, D. Stockmeier, M. Stoicea, G. Stolpovsky, P. Strmeň, P. Stutzmann, J.S. Su, G. Sugitate, T. Šumbera, M. Suire, C. Susa, T. Kumar, K.S. Swoboda, D. Symons, J. Szarka, I. Szostak, A. Szuba, M. Szymanski, P. Tadel, M. Tagridis, C. Tan, L. Takaki, D.T. Taureg, H. Tauro, A. Tavlet, M. Munoz, G.T. Thäder, J. Tieulent, R. Timmer, P. Tolyhy, T. Topilskaya, N. De Matos, C.T. Torii, H. Toscano, L. Tosello, F. Tournaire, A. Traczyk, T. Troger, G. Tromeur, W. Truesdale, D. Trzaska, W. Tsiledakis, G. Tsilis, E. Tsvetkov, A. Turcato, M. Turrisi, R. Tuveri, M. Tveter, T. Tydesjo, H. Tykarski, L. Tywoniuk, K. Ugolini, E. Ullaland, K. Urban, J. Urciuoli, G.M. Usai, G.L. Usseglio, M. Vacchi, A. Vala, M. Valiev, F. Vyvre, P.V. Van Den Brink, A. Van Eijndhoven, N. Van Der Kolk, N. Van Leeuwen, M. Vannucci, L. Vanzetto, S. Vanuxem, J.-P. Vargas, M.A. Varma, R. Vascotto, A. Vasiliev, A. Vassiliou, M. Vasta, P. Vechernin, V. Venaruzzo, M. Vercellin, E. Vergara, S. Verhoeven, W. Veronese, F. Vetlitskiy, I. Vernet, R. Victorov, V. Vidak, L. Viesti, G. Vikhlyantsev, O. Vilakazi, Z. Baillie, O.V. Vinogradov, A. Vinogradov, L. Vinogradov, Y. Virgili, T. Viyogi, Y. Vodopianov, A. Volpe, G. Vranic, D. Vrláková, J. Vulpescu, B. Wabnitz, C. Wagner, V. Wallet, L. Wan, R. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wheadon, R. Weis, R. Wen, Q. Wessels, J. Westergaard, J. Wiechula, J. Wiesenaecker, A. Wikne, J. Wilk, A. Wilk, G. Williams, C. Willis, N. Windelband, B. Witt, R. Woehri, H. Wyllie, K. Xu, C. Yang, C. Yang, H. Yermia, F. Yin, Z. Yin, Z. Ky, B.Y. Yushmanov, I. Yuting, B. Zabrodin, E. Zagato, S. Zagreev, B. Zaharia, P. Zalite, A. Zampa, G. Zampolli, C. Zanevskiy, Y. Zarochentsev, A. Zaudtke, O. Závada, P. Zbroszczyk, H. Zepeda, A. Zeter, V. Zgura, I. Zhalov, M. Zhou, D. Zhou, S. Zhu, G. Zichichi, A. Zinchenko, A. Zinovjev, G. Zoccarato, Y. Zubarev, A. Zucchini, A. Zuffa, M.
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Instrumentation for heavyion accelerators; Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings-high energy; Cherenkov and transition radiation; Gaseous detectors; Liquid detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; dE/dx detectors; Gamma detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Spectrometers; Time projection chambers; Timing detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Analysis and statistical methods; Computing; Data processing methods; Data reduction methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Simulation methods and programs; Software architectures; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Detector grounding; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design; Special cables; Voltage distributions. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 16x16x26 m3with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.
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- 2008
11. The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
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Collaboration, The ALICE, Aamodt, K., Quintana, A Abrahantes, Achenbach, R., Acounis, S., Adamová, D., Adler, C., Aggarwal, M., Agnese, F., Rinella, G Aglieri, Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfaro, R., Alfarone, G., Alici, A., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altinpinar, S., Amend, W., Andrei, C., Andres, Y., Andronic, Anton, Anelli, G., Anfreville, M., Angelov, V., Anzo, A., Anson, C., Anticić, T., Antonenko, V., Antonczyk, D., Antinori, F., Antinori, S., Antonioli, P., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Aprodu, V., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Argentieri, A., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arefiev, A., Arsene, I., Asryan, A., Augustinus, A., Awes, T. C., Äysto, J., Azmi, M Danish, Bablock, S., Badalà, A., Badyal, S. K., Baechler, J., Bagnasco, S., Bailhache, Raphaelle, Bala, R., Baldisseri, A., Baldit, A., Bán, J., Barbera, R., Barberis, P-L, Barbet, J. 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A., Varma, R., Vascotto, A., Vasiliev, A., Vassiliou, M., Vasta, P., Vechernin, V., Venaruzzo, M., Vercellin, E., Vergara, S., Verhoeven, W., Veronese, F., Vetlitskiy, I., Vernet, R., Victorov, V., Vidak, L., Viesti, G., Vikhlyantsev, O., Vilakazi, Z., Baillie, O Villalobos, Vinogradov, A., Vinogradov, L., Vinogradov, Y., Virgili, T., Viyogi, Y., Vodopianov, A., Volpe, G., Vranic, D., Vrláková, J., Vulpescu, B., Wabnitz, C., Wagner, V., Wallet, L., Wan, R., Wang, Y., Wheadon, R., Weis, R., Wen, Q., Wessels, J., Westergaard, J., Wiechula, Jens, Wiesenaecker, A., Wikne, J., Wilk, A., Wilk, G., Williams, C., Willis, N., Windelband, B., Witt, R., Woehri, H., Wyllie, K., Xu, C., Yang, C., Yang, H., Yermia, F., Yin, Z., Ky, B Yun, Yushmanov, I., Yuting, B., Zabrodin, E., Zagato, S., Zagreev, B., Zaharia, P., Zalite, A., Zampa, G., Zampolli, C., Zanevskiy, Y., Zarochentsev, A., Zaudtke, O., Závada, P., Zbroszczyk, H., Zepeda, A., Zeter, V., Zgura, I., Zhalov, M., Zhou, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, G., Zichichi, A., Zinchenko, A., Zinovjev, G., Zoccarato, Y., Zubarev, A., Zucchini, A., Zuffa, M., Collaboration, Alice, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ALICE, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), V., Bonvicini, O., Borysov, L., Bosisio, M., Bregant, Camerini, Paolo, E., Cataruzza, Contin, Giacomo, E., Fragiacomo, N., Grion, Margagliotti, Giacomo, S., Piano, C., Piemonte, I., Rachevskaya, A., Rachevski, Rossi, Andrea, Rui, Rinaldo, A., Vacchi, M., Venaruzzo, G., Zampa, AL ALICE COLLABORATION, E. T., Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), K. 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TRZASKA, G. TSILEDAKIS, E. TSILIS, A. TSVETKOV, M. TURCATO, R. TURRISI, M. TUVERI, T. TVETER, H. TYDESJO, L. TYKARSKI, K. TYWONIUK, E. UGOLINI, K. ULLALAND, J. URBÁN, G.M. URCIUOLI, G.L. USAI, M. USSEGLIO, A. VACCHI, M. VALA, F. VALIEV, P. VANDE VYVRE, A. VAN DEN BRINK, N. VAN EIJNDHOVEN, N. VAN DER KOLK, M. VAN LEEUWEN, L. VANNUCCI, S. VANZETTO, J.-P. VANUXEM, M.A. VARGAS, R. VARMA, A. VASCOTTO, A. VASILIEV, M. VASSILIOU, P. VASTA, V. VECHERNIN, M. VENARUZZO, E. VERCELLIN, S. VERGARA, W. VERHOEVEN, F. VERONESE, I. VETLITSKIY, R. VERNET, V. VICTOROV, L. VIDAK, G. VIESTI, O. VIKHLYANTSEV, Z. VILAKAZI, O. VILLALOBOS BAILLIE, A. VINOGRADOV, L. VINOGRADOV, Y. VINOGRADOV, T. VIRGILI, Y. VIYOGI, A. VODOPIANOV, G. VOLPE, D. VRANIC, J. VRLÁKOVÁ, B. VULPESCU, C.WABNITZ, V. WAGNER, L.WALLET, R.WAN, Y.WANG, R. WHEADON, R.WEIS, Q. WEN, J. WESSELS, J. WESTERGAARD, J.WIECHULA, A.WIESENAECKER, J.WIKNE, A. WILK, G. WILK, C. WILLIAMS, N.WILLIS, B.WINDELBAND, R.WITT, H. WOEHRI, K. WYLLIE, C. XU, C. YANG, H. YANG, F. YERMIA, Z. YIN, B. YUN KY, I. YUSHMANOV, B. YUTING, E. ZABRODIN, S. ZAGATO, B. ZAGREEV, P. ZAHARIA, A. ZALITE, G. ZAMPA, C. ZAMPOLLI, Y. ZANEVSKIY, A. ZAROCHENTSEV, O. ZAUDTKE, P. ZÁVADA, H. ZBROSZCZYK, A. ZEPEDA, V. ZETER, I. ZGURA, M. ZHALOV, D. ZHOU, S. ZHOU, G. ZHU, A. ZICHICHI, A. ZINCHENKO, G. ZINOVJEV, Y. ZOCCARATO, A. ZUBAREV, A. ZUCCHINI, AND M. ZUFFA., and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
visible and IR photons ,Liquid detectors ,high energy ,Photon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Transition radiation detectors ,Timing detectors ,01 natural sciences ,Overall mechanics design ,Particle identification ,Software architectures ,Particle identification methods ,Gaseous detectors ,cluster finding ,Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ,Detector grounding ,Particle tracking detectors ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Special cables ,Detector alignment and calibration methods ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Nuclear Experiment ,Voltage distributions ,Photon detectors for UV ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Spectrometers ,Detector ,calibration and fitting methods ,Transition radiation detector ,Scintillators ,Data processing methods ,Analysis and statistical methods ,Data reduction methods ,Particle physics ,Cherenkov and transition radiation ,Time projection chambers ,dE/dx detectors ,Nuclear physics ,Calorimeters ,Pattern recognition ,Gamma detectors ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:610 ,Solid state detectors ,010306 general physics ,Muon ,Instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators ,Spectrometer ,Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,CERN ,LHC ,ALICE ,heavy ion ,QGP ,Cherenkov detectors ,Computing ,Manufacturing ,scintillation and light emission processes ,analysis and statistical methods ,calorimeters ,cherenkov and transition radiation ,cherenkov detectors ,computing ,data processing methods ,data reduction methods ,de/dx detectors ,detector alignment and calibration methods ,detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ,detector design and construction technologies and materials ,detector grounding ,gamma detectors ,gaseous detectors ,instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators ,instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy ,large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,liquid detectors ,manufacturing ,overall mechanics design ,particle identification methods ,particle tracking detectors ,pattern recognition ,photon detectors for uv ,visible and ir photons ,scintillators ,simulation methods and programs ,software architectures ,solid state detectors ,special cables ,spectrometers ,time projection chambers ,timing detectors ,transition radiation detectors ,voltage distributions ,Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Simulation methods and programs ,Detector design and construction technologies and materials - Abstract
Journal of Instrumentation 3(08), S08002 (2008). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08002, Published by Inst. of Physics, London
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- 2008
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12. ALICE: Physics performance report, volume II
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Aamodt, K, Quintana, Aa, Achenbach, R, Acounis, S, Adamova, D, Adler, C, Aggarwal, M, Agnese, F, Rinella, Ga, Ahammed, Z, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, N, Ahmad, S, Akindinov, A, Akishin, P, Aleksandrov, D, Alessandro, B, Alfaro, R, Alfarone, G, Alici, A, Alme, J, Alt, T, Altinpinar, S, Amend, W, Andrei, C, Andres, Y, Andronic, A, Anelli, G, Anfreville, M, Angelov, V, Anzo, A, Anson, C, Anticic, T, Antonenko, V, Antonczyk, D, Antinori, F, Antinori, S, Antonioli, P, Aphecetche, L, Appelshauser, H, Aprodu, V, Arba, M, Arcelli, S, Argentieri, A, Armesto, N, Arnaldi, R, Arefiev, A, Arsene, I, Asryan, A, Augustinus, A, Awes, Tc, Aysto, J, Azmi, Md, Bablock, S, Badala, A, Badyal, Sk, Baechler, J, Bagnasco, S, Bailhache, R, Bala, R, Baldisseri, A, Baldit, A, Ban, J, Barbera, R, Barberis, Pl, Barbet, Jm, Barnafoldi, G, Barret, V, Bartke, J, Bartos, D, Basile, M, Basmanov, V, Bastid, N, Batigne, G, Batyunya, B, Baudot, J, Baumann, C, Bearden, I, Becker, B, Belikov, J, Bellwied, R, BELMONT MORENO, E, 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BAATAR, B.V. BATIOUNIA, V.F. CHEPURNOV, S.A. CHERNENKO, V.K. DODOKHOV, O.V. FATEEV, A.G. FEDUNOV, M. HAIDUC, D. HASEGAN, V.G. KADYCHEVSKY, G. KHARADZE, B. KHURELBAATAR, E.K. KOSHURNIKOV, V.L. LIOUBOCHITS, V.I. LOBANOV, L.V. MALININA, Y.I. MINAEV, M. NIORADZE, P.V. NOMOKONOV, Y.A. PANEBRATTSEV, V.N. PENEV, V.G. PISMENNAYA, T.A. POCHEPTSOV, I. ROUFANOV, G.S. SHABRATOVA, V. SHESTAKOV, A.I. SHKLOVSKAYA, A.S. SORIN, M.K. SULEIMANOV, Y. TEVZADZE, R. TOGOO, A.S. VODOPIANOV, V.I. YUREVICH, Y.V. ZANEVSKY, S.A. ZAPOROJETS, A.I. ZINCHENKO, J. AYSTO, M. BONDILA, V. LYAPIN, M. OINONEN, T. MALKIEWICZ, V. RUUSKANEN, H. SEPPANEN, W. TRZASKA, S. YAMALETDINOV, H.T. JUNG, W. JUNG, D.-W. KIM, H.N. KIM, J.S. KIM, K.S. LEE, S.-C. LEE, T. BLANK, H. GEMMEKE, G.L. BOCHEK, A.N. DOVBNYA, V.I. KULIBABA, N.I. MASLOV, S.V. NAUMOV, V.D. OVCHINNIK, S.M. POTIN, A.F. STARODUBTSEV, V.N. BORSHCHOV, O. CHYKALOV, L. KAUROVA, S.K. KIPRICH, L. KLYMOVA, O.M. LISTRATENKO, N. MYKHAYLOVA, M. PROTSENKO, O. REZNIK, V.E. STARKOV, I. KADENKO, Y. MARTYNOV, S. MOLODTSOV, Y. SINYUKOV, G. ZINOVJEV, P. BHATTACHARYA, S. BOSE, S. CHATTERJEE, S. CHATTOPADHYAY, D. DAS, I. DAS, A.K. DUTT-MAZUMDER, N. MAJUMDAR, S. MUKHOPADHYAY, S. PAL, L. PAUL, P. ROY, A. SANYAL, S. SARKAR, P. SEN, S.K. SEN, B.C. SINHA, T. SINHA, Z. AHAMMED, P. BHASKAR, S.CHATTOPADHYAY, S. DAS, M.R. DUTTA MAJUMDAR, M.S. GANTI, P. GHOSH, B.MOHANTY, P.K. NETRAKANTI, R.N. SINGARAJU, V. SINGHAL, B. SINHA, Y.P. VIYOGI, G. HARTUNG, T. KRAWUTSCHKE, J. BAN, M. BOMBARA, A. DIRNER, M. HNATIC, I. KRALIK, A. KRAVCAKOVA, F. KRIVAN, M. KRIVDA, G. MARTINSKA, B. PASTIRCAK, L. SANDOR, J. URBAN, J. VRLAKOVA, M. CINAUSERO, E. FIORETTO, G. PRETE, R.A. RICCI, L. VANNUCCI, P. BRANCO, R. CARVALHO, J. SEIXAS, R. VILELA MENDES, A. OSKARSSON, L. OSTERMAN, I. OTTERLUND, E.A. STENLUND, B. CHEYNIS, L. DUCROUX, J.Y. GROSSIORD, A. GUICHARD, P. PILLOT, B. RAPP, R. TIEULENT, J.R. ALFARO MOLINA, A. AYALA, E. BELMONT MORENO, G. CONTRERAS, E. CUAUTLE, J.C. D'OLIVO, I. DOMINGUEZ, A. FLORES, V. GRABSKI, G. HERRERA CORRAL, M. LINARES, M.I. MARTINEZ, A. MARTINEZ DAVALOS, A. MENCHACA-ROCHA, L.M. MONTANO ZETINA, L. NELLEN, G. PAIC, J. DEL PINO, P. REYES, A. SANDOVAL, J. SOLANO, S. VERGARA, A. ZEPEDA, V.A. FESHCHENKO, M.B. GOLUBEVA, V.G. GORLYCHEV, F.F. GUBER, O.V. KARAVICHEV, T.L. KARAVICHEVA, E.V. KARPECHEV, A.B. KUREPIN, A.I. MAEVSKAYA, V.V. MARIN, I.A. PSHENICHNOV, V.I. RAZIN, A.I. RESHETIN, K.A. SHILEEV, N.S. TOPIL'SKAIA, A.N. AKINDINOV, V. GOLOVINE, A.B. KAIDALOV, M.M. KATS, I.T. KISELEV, S.M. KISSELEV, E. LIOUBLEV, M. MARTEMIANOV, A.N. MARTEMIYANOV, P.A. POLOZOV, V.S. SEROV, A.V. SMIRNITSKI, M.M. TCHOUMAKOV, I.A. VETLITSKI, K.G. VOLOCHINE, L.S. VOROBIEV, B.V. ZAGREEV, D. ALEKSANDROV, V. ANTONENKO, S. BELIAEV, S. FOKINE, M. IPPOLITOV, K. KARADJEV, I. KOUTCHERIAEV, V. LEBEDEV, V.I. MANKO, T. MOUKHANOVA, A. NIANINE, S. NIKOLAEV, S. NIKOULINE, O. PATARAKINE, D. PERESSOUNKO, I. SIBIRIAK, A. TSVETKOV, A. VASILIEV, A. VINOGRADOV, I. YUSHMANOV, V.A. GRIGORIEV, V.A. KAPLIN, V.A. LOGINOV, B.K. NANDI, R.VARMA, V.B. CHANDRATRE, S.K. KATARIA, C. BAUMANN, R. GLASOW, H. GOTTSCHLAG, J.F. GROSSE-OETRINGHAUS, N. HEINE, C. KLEIN-BOESING, K. REYGERS, R. SANTO, W. VERHOEVEN, J. WESSELS, A. WILK, L. APHECETCHE, R. BERNY, S. BOUVIER, G. CONESA-BALBASTRE, Z. CONESA-DEL-VALLE, J.P. CUSSONNEAU, H. DELAGRANGE, M. DIALINAS, CH. FINCK, B. ERAZMUS, M. GERMAIN, F. LEFEVRE, L. LUQUIN, G. MARTINEZ, CH. RENARD, C. ROY, A. TOURNAIRE, A.R. FROLOV, I.N. PESTOV, T.C. AWES, M. CHERNEY, Y. GORBUNOV, L. BIMBOT, V. CHAMBERT, A. CHARPY, M. COMETS, P. COURTAT, S. DROUET, P. EDELBRUCK, B. ESPAGNON, I. HRIVNACOVA, R. KUNNE, Y. LE BORNEC, M. MAC CORMICK, J. PEYRE, J. POUTHAS, S. ROUSSEAU, C. SUIRE, N. WILLIS, T. WU, L. BRAVINA, G. LOVHOIDEN, B. SKAALI, T.S. TVETER, T. VIK, F. ANTINORI, A. DAINESE, R. DIMA, D. FABRIS, J. FAIVRE, M. LUNARDON, M. MORANDO, S. MORETTO, A. PEPATO, E. QUERCIGH, F. SCARLASSARA, G. SEGATO, R. TURRISI, G. VIESTI, J. CHOI, A. BEITLEROVA, J. MARES, K. POLAK, P. ZAVADA, V. PETRACEK, M. PACHR, L. SKODA, M.YU. BOGOLYUBSKY, G.V. KHAUSTOV, YU.V. KHARLOV, N.G. MINAEV, V.S. PETROV, B.V. POLICHTCHOUK, S.A. SADOVSKY, V.A. SENKO, A.S. SOLOVIEV, P.V. STOLPOVSKY, V.A. VICTOROV, A. FERNANDEZ TELLEZ, E. GAMEZ FLORES, R. LOPEZ-RAMIREZ, A. ORTIZ-VELAZQUEZ, C. PAGLIARONE, S. ROMAN-LOPEZ, G. TEJEDA-MUNOZ, A. VARGAS, L. VILLASENOR CENDEJAS, D. ADAMOVA, S. KOUCHPIL, V. KOUCHPIL, A. KUGLER, M. SUMBERA, V. WAGNER, S. DI LIBERTO, M.A. MAZZONI, F. MEDDI, G.M. URCIUOLI, J. CLEYMANS, G. DE VAUX, R.W. FEARICK, A. SZOSTAK, Z.Z. VILAKAZI, M. ANFREVILLE, A. BALDISSERI, B. BECKER, H. BOREL, J. CASTILLO, J.-L. CHARVET, M. COMBET, J. GOSSET, P. HARDY, S. HERLANT, F. ORSINI, Y. PENICHOT, H. PEREIRA, F.M. STALEY, M. USSEGLIO, A. DE CARO, D. DE GRUTTOLA, S. DE PASQUALE, A. DI BARTOLOMEO, M. FUSCO GIRARD, G. GRELLA, C. GUARNACCIA, M. GUIDA, G. ROMANO, S. SELLITTO, R. SILVESTRI, T. VIRGILI, V. BASMANOV, D. BUDNIKOV, V. DEMANOV, V. IANOWSKI, R. ILKAEV, L. ILKAEVA, A. IVANOV, A. KHLEBNIKOV, A. KOURYAKIN, E. MIKHAILOV, S. NAZARENKO, V. PAVLOV, S. PHILCHAGIN, A. PUNIN, V. PUNIN, S. POUTEVSKOI, A. RYBIN, I. SELIN, M. SMETANIN, A. TELNOV, S. TRESKOV, O. VIKHLYANTSEV, I. VINOGRADOV, A. VYUSHIN, N. ZAVYALOV, S. ZHELEZOV, A. ZHITNIK, S. GOTOVAC, E. MUDNIC, L. VIDAK, A.G. ASRYAN, M.A. BRAUN, D.A. DERKACH, G.A. FEOFILOV, S.N. IGOLKIN, A.S. IVANOV, R.S. KOLEVATOV, A.A. KOLOJVARI, V.P. KONDRATIEV, P.A. NAUMENKO, T.A. TOULINA, F.F. VALIEV, V.V. VECHERNIN, L.I. VINOGRADOV, J. BAUDOT, D. BONNET, J.P. COFFIN, M. ESTIENNE, B. HIPPOLYTE, C. KUHN, J.R. LUTZ, R. VERNET, H. HAMAGAKI, K. OZAWA, V. BONVICINI, O. BORYSOV, L. BOSISIO, M. BREGANT, P. CAMERINI, G. CONTIN, F. FALESCHINI, E. FRAGIACOMO, N. GRION, G. MARGAGLIOTTI, S. PIANO, I. RACHEVSKAYA, A. RACHEVSKI, R. RUI, A. VACCHI, B. ALESSANDRO, R. ARNALDI, S. BAGNASCO, G. BATIGNE, S. BEOLE, E. BRUNA, P. CERELLO, E. CHIAVASSA, O. COBANOGLU, S. COLI, E. CRESCIO, N. DE MARCO, P. DE REMIGIS, A. FERRETTI, M. GAGLIARDI, M. GALLIO, L. GAUDICHET, R. GEMME, G. GIRAUDO, P. GIUBELLINO, M. IDZIK, S. MARTOIU, A. MARZARI CHIESA, M. MASERA, G. MAZZA, P. MEREU, M. MONTENO, A. MUSSO, C. OPPEDISANO, A. PICCOTTI, F. POGGIO, F. PRINO, L. RICCATI, A. RIVETTI, E. SCOMPARIN, D. STOCCO, F. TOSELLO, L. TOSCANO, G. TRAVAGLIA, E. VERCELLIN, A. WERBROUCK, R. WHEADON, F. YERMIA, Y. MIAKE, S. ESUMI, J.J. F. BUSKOP, A.P. DE HAAS, C. IVAN, R. KAMERMANS, A. MISCHKE, G. NOOREN, C.J. OSKAMP, TH. PEITZMANN, E. SIMILI, O. SOKOLOV, A. VAN DEN BRINK, N. VAN EIJNDHOVEN, H. ENYO, K. FUJIWARA, H. KANO, H. ONISHI, A. DELOFF, T. DOBROWOLSKI, K. KARPIO, M. MALEK, H. MALINOWSKI, K. REDLICH, T. SIEMIARCZUK, G. STEFANEK, L. TYKARSKI, G. WILK, Z. CHAJECKI, H. GOS, M. JANIK, M. JEDYNAK, A. KISIEL, T.J. PAWLAK, W.S. PERYT, J. PLUTA, P. SKOWRONSKI, M. SLODKOWSKI, P. SZUBA, T. TRACZYK, E.S. CONNER, R. KEIDEL, X. CAI, H.T. DING, H. LIU, X.R. WANG, H.Y. YANG, Z.B. YIN, D.C. ZHOU, X. CAO, Q. LI, Y.Z. LIU, G. SU, L. TAN, G.X. ZHU, M. ATAYAN, A. GRIGORYAN, H. GULKANYAN, A. HARUTYUNYAN, A. HAYRAPETYAN, V. KAKOYAN, M. POGHOSYAN, G. SARGSYAN, T. ANTICIC, K. KADIJA, and T. SUSA
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Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Monte Carlo method ,Observable ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Particle identification ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,ALICE (propellant) ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,ALICE ,physics ,performance ,detector ,CERN ,QGP ,LHC ,Event (particle physics) ,Event reconstruction - Abstract
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries. The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb-Pb collisions (dN(ch)/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC. Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate. The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517-1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators. The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes.
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- 2006
13. Diphtheria antibody levels in the Italian population
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VON HUNOLSTEIN, C, Rota, Mc, Alfarone, G, Ricci, Ml, Salmaso, S, THE ITALIAN SEROLOGY WORKING GROUP, and Gabutti, Giovanni
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Diphtheria Toxoid ,Immunization, Secondary ,Physiology ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Booster dose ,Serology ,NO ,Sex Factors ,Immunity ,Epidemiology ,Antibody levels ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,biology ,business.industry ,Diphtheria ,Age Factors ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diphtheria Antitoxin ,Infectious Diseases ,Italy ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,Humoral immunity ,biology.protein ,Female ,Disease Susceptibility ,Antitoxin ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Immunity to diphtheria was assessed in serum samples obtained from 3111 healthy Italian males and females aged 0-84 years. Diphtheria antitoxin was tested using a double-antigen, time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (DA-DELFIA). According to internationally accepted criteria, antitoxin concentrations0.01 IU/ml indicate susceptibility to diphtheria, thoseor = 0.01-0.09 IU/ml provide basic or inadequate protection, and concentrationsor =0.1 IU/ml are protective. By these criteria, 9.9% (95% CI 8.9 to 11.18) of the participants were susceptible to diphtheria, 30.2% (95% CI, 28.6 to 31.9) had basic protection, and 59.9% (95% CI, 58.1 to 61.6) were protected. The prevalence of unprotected individuals showed an age-related increase, up to the 45-49-year-old age group for females and the 50-54-year-old age group for males (34.9% and 31.3% of individuals, respectively). The prevalence of immunity did not significantly differ in relation to sex in any of the age groups. These results indicate that booster shots should be routinely provided to the adult population in order to maintain a protective level of diphtheria antibodies.
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- 2000
14. Virulence properties of type VII Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococci) and immunochemical analasys of capsular type polysaccharide
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von Hunolstein, C., Parisi, L., Tissi, Luciana, Recchia, S., Alfarone, G., Nicolini, L., Volpe, C., Wagner, B., Motlovà, J., and Orefici, G.
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- 1999
15. Comparative seroepidemiology of diphtheria in six European countries and Israel
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DI GIOVINE, P., primary, KAFATOS, G., additional, NARDONE, A., additional, ANDREWS, N., additional, ÖLANDER, R.M., additional, ALFARONE, G., additional, BROUGHTON, K., additional, COHEN, D., additional, KRIZ, B., additional, MIKOVA, I., additional, O'FLANAGAN, D., additional, SCHNEIDER, F., additional, SELGA, I., additional, VALINSKY, L., additional, VELICKO, I., additional, KARACS, I., additional, PEBODY, R., additional, and VON HUNOLSTEIN, C., additional
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- 2012
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16. Identification and molecular characterization of a S. agalactiae strain lacking the capsular locus
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Creti, R., primary, Imperi, M., additional, Pataracchia, M., additional, Alfarone, G., additional, Recchia, S., additional, and Baldassarri, L., additional
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- 2011
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17. Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Type Capsular Polysaccharides
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D'Ascenzi, S., von Hunolstein, C., Dentini, Mariella, Alfarone, G., Crescenzi, Vittorio, and Orefici, G.
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capsular polysaccharides - Published
- 1992
18. Fibronectin binding protein genes and cell invasion ability of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from different sources
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Baldassarri, L., primary, Recchia, S., additional, Imperi, M., additional, Creti, R., additional, Alfarone, G., additional, Pataracchia, M., additional, and Orefici, G., additional
- Published
- 2006
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19. Corrigendum to “Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of adult versus paediatric diptheria and tetanus booster dose at 6 years of age” [Vaccine 20 (2002) 74–79]
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Ciofi degli Atti, M.L., primary, Salmaso, S., additional, Cotter, B., additional, Gallo, G., additional, Alfarone, G., additional, Pinto, A., additional, Bella, A., additional, and von Hunolstein, C., additional
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- 2001
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20. Soluble antigens from group B streptococci induce cytokine production in human blood cultures
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von Hunolstein, C, primary, Totolian, A, additional, Alfarone, G, additional, Mancuso, G, additional, Cusumano, V, additional, Teti, G, additional, and Orefici, G, additional
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- 1997
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21. Immunochemistry of capsular type polysaccharide and virulence properties of type VI Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
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von Hunolstein, C, primary, D'Ascenzi, S, additional, Wagner, B, additional, Jelínková, J, additional, Alfarone, G, additional, Recchia, S, additional, Wagner, M, additional, and Orefici, G, additional
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- 1993
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22. Cytokine production in an ex vivo whole blood model following induction by group B streptococcal polysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid
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von Hunolstein C, Areg Totolian, Alfarone G, Teti G, and Orefici G
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Adult ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Teichoic Acids ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Streptococcal Infections ,Interleukin-8 ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Cytokines ,Humans ,In Vitro Techniques ,Interleukin-1 ,Streptococcus agalactiae
23. CAMP-negative group B Streptococcus went unrecognized with Cepheid GeneXpert but was detected by Liofilchem® Chromatic StrepB
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Savini, V., Marrollo, R., Filippis, R. D., D Incecco, E., Imperi, M., Pataracchia, M., Alfarone, G., Fusilli, P., Coclite, E., D Incecco, C., Fazii, P., and Roberta Creti
24. Virulence factors in enterococcal infections of orthopedic devices
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Lucio Montanaro, Davide Campoccia, Graziella Orefici, Marco Pataracchia, Giovanna Alfarone, Lucilla Baldassarri, Carla Renata Arciola, Simona Recchia, Roberta Creti, Baldassarri L., Creti R., Recchia S., Pataracchia M., Alfarone G., Orefici G., Campoccia D., Montanaro L., and Arciola C.R.
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Virulence Factors ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Virulence ,Bioengineering ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,GELATINASE ,Enterococcus faecalis ,Microbiology ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gelatinase ,Orthopedic devices ,Enterococcal infections ,Gene ,Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ,ENTEROCOCCI ,biology ,Orthopedic Equipment ,Biofilm ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,Gelatinases ,Genes, Bacterial ,Biofilms ,VIRULENCE ,BIOFILM ,Surface protein - Abstract
Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens which today represent one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. We have examined a collection of 52 Enterococcus faecalis isolated from orthopedic infections to determine if they were characterized by a specific pattern of virulence factors. The isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation, presence of genes coding the enterococcal surface protein (esp) and gelatinase (gelE), as well as for gelatinase production. While the rate of esp-positive isolates was comparable to that found among strains from other clinical sources, we found a significantly higher rate of strong biofilm formers and gelatinase producers. Particularly high was the rate of gelE-carrying strains expressing the gene. Data suggest that these two factors in particular may play an important role in enterococcal infections associated with biomaterials.
25. Group B Streptococcus Infections in Non-Pregnant Adults, Italy, 2015-2019.
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Imperi M, Gherardi G, Alfarone G, and Creti R
- Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae ) is a pathogen of increasing importance in adults. Severe and invasive cases in non-pregnant adults were collected during the period 2015-2019 by voluntary-based surveillance. In total, 108 GBS strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized for the serotype, antimicrobial resistance, pili, surface protein genes, and the hyper-virulent adhesin hvgA . Patients were divided into two age groups: adults (18-64 years; n = 32) and older adults (≥65 years; n = 72). The average age was 70.8 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.7. Most isolates were recovered from cases of bacteremia (blood, n = 93), and a higher frequency of invasive GBS infections (iGBS) was found among older adults (66.7%). Serotype III was the most frequent ( n = 41, 38%), followed by type Ia and type V ( n = 20 each, 18.5%). Serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V accounted for all but one isolates (99.1%). The iGBS isolates were universally susceptible to penicillin, while the prevalence of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and high-level gentamicin resistance was 26.8%, 24.1%, 85.2%, and 5.5%, respectively, with the predominance of the erm (B) gene for macrolide resistance and the tet (M) gene for tetracycline resistance. The associations between the serotypes/antimicrobial resistance/virulence traits underlined the increasing importance of serotype III and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance as well as the steady increase over time of serotype IV. This nationwide study confirmed the need for monitoring the GBS epidemiology in non-pregnant adults through continuous surveillance of GBS infections.
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- 2024
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26. Emergence of High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae Hypervirulent Serotype IV ST1010 (CC452) Strains by Acquisition of a Novel Integrative and Conjugative Element.
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Creti R, Imperi M, Khan UB, Berardi A, Recchia S, Alfarone G, and Gherardi G
- Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS) is responsible for severe infections in both neonates and adults. Currently, empiric antimicrobial therapy for sepsis and meningitis is the combined use of penicillin and gentamicin due to the enhanced bactericidal activity. However, high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) abrogates the synergism. The rate of HLGR was investigated within a dataset of 433 GBS strains collected from cases of invasive disease in both adults and neonates as well as from pregnant carriers. GBS isolates (n = 20, 4.6%) presented with HLGR (gentamicin MIC breakpoint >1024 mg/L) that was differently diffused between strains from adults or neonates (5.2% vs. 2.8%). Notably, 70% of HLGR GBS strains (14 isolates) were serotype IV. Serotype IV HLGR-GBS isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, exhibited the alpha-C/HvgA/PI-2b virulence string, and belonged to sequence type 1010 (clonal complex (CC) 452). The mobile element that harbored the HLGR aac (6')- aph (2)″ gene is a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) about 45 kb long, derived from GBS 515 ICE tRNA
Lys . The clonal expansion of this HLGR hypervirulent serotype IV GBS CC452 sublineage may pose a threat to the management of infections caused by this strain type.- Published
- 2024
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27. Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Neonates and Infants, Italy, Years 2015-2019.
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Creti R, Imperi M, Berardi A, Lindh E, Alfarone G, Pataracchia M, Recchia S, and The Italian Network On Neonatal And Infant Gbs Infections
- Abstract
Invasive infections by group B streptococci (iGBS) are the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in the first three months of life worldwide. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of neonatal and infant iGBS in Italy during the years 2015-2019 were investigated. Voluntary-based surveillance reported 191 cases (67 early-onset (EOD) and 124 late-onset disease (LOD)) and 89 bacterial isolates were received. The main clinical manifestations were sepsis (59.2%) followed by meningitis (21.5%), bacteremia (12.0%) and septic shock (6.3%). Hospitalized preterm babies accounted for one third of iGBS and constituted the most fragile population in terms of mortality (8.2%) and brain damage (16.4%). GBS serotype III was predominant in EOD (56%) and caused almost all LOD (95%). The rate of resistance to clindamycin reached 28.8%. Most of clindamycin-resistant GBS strains (76%) were serotype III-ST17 and possessed the genetic markers of the emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) CC-17 sub-clone. Our data revealed that iGBS is changing since it is increasingly reported as a healthcare-associated infection (22.6%), mainly caused by MDR-CC17. Continuous monitoring of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of iGBS remains of primary importance and it represents, at present, the most effective tool to support prevention strategies and the research on the developing GBS vaccine.
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- 2021
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28. Two Overlapping Clusters of Group B Streptococcus Late-onset Disease in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
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Berardi A, Guidotti I, Creti R, Alfarone G, Grottola A, Venturelli C, Fregni Serpini G, Della Casa E, Vecchi E, Boncompagni A, Toffoli C, and Ferrari F
- Subjects
- Bacterial Typing Techniques, Breast Feeding, Carrier State epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Italy epidemiology, Milk, Human microbiology, Serogroup, Streptococcal Infections transmission, Streptococcus agalactiae classification, Carrier State microbiology, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Late Onset Disorders epidemiology, Mothers, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Current predominant routes of group B Streptococcus (GBS) transmission in preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are poorly defined. We report 2 overlapping clusters of GBS late-onset disease (LOD) from June to September 2015 in an Italian NICU., Methods: During the outbreak, possible sources of transmission (equipment, feeding bottles and breast pumps) were swabbed. Specimens from throat and rectum were collected on a weekly basis from all neonates admitted to NICU. Colonized or infected neonates had cohorting. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serologic and molecular typing methods., Results: GBS was isolated in 2 full-term and 7 preterm neonates. Strains belonged to serotype III, with 3 different sequence types (ST17, ST182 and ST19). Full-term neonates were colonized with GBS strains unrelated to the clusters (ST182 and ST19). Two distinct ST17 strains caused 2 clusters in preterm neonates: a first cluster with 1 case of LOD and a second, larger cluster with 6 LOD in 5 neonates (one of them had recurrence). ST17 strains were isolated from vaginorectal and milk samples of 2 mothers. Two preterm neonates had no evidence of colonization for weeks, until they presented with LOD., Conclusions: Molecular analyses identified the presence of multiclonal GBS strains and 2 clusters of 7 cases of GBS-LOD. The dynamics of transmission of GBS within the NICU were complex. Breast milk was suspected to be one of the possible sources. In a research setting, the screening of GBS carrier mothers who deliver very preterm could contribute to the tracking of GBS transmission.
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- 2018
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29. Neonatal Group B Streptococcus Infections: Prevention Strategies, Clinical and Microbiologic Characteristics in 7 Years of Surveillance.
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Creti R, Imperi M, Berardi A, Pataracchia M, Recchia S, Alfarone G, and Baldassarri L
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Clindamycin pharmacology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Erythromycin pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Molecular Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Serogroup, Streptococcal Infections diagnosis, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae drug effects, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Streptococcus agalactiae genetics
- Abstract
Background: The characteristics of group B streptococcus (GBS) neonatal disease in a period of 7 years are reported., Methods: The estimation of the neonatal GBS disease risk and prevention strategies adopted at delivery in absence of national guidelines was evaluated by the analysis of 3501 questionnaires. Notification of 194 neonatal GBS infections was recorded. In addition, 115 strains from neonatal early-onset disease (EOD) and late-onset disease, respectively, plus 320 strains from pregnant women were analyzed by molecular typing methods and for antibiotic resistance., Results: Preterm deliveries, precipitous labor and GBS negatively screened mothers were the prominent causes for an inadequate or lack of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and EOD occurrence. The superimposable serotype distribution of GBS strains from EOD and from antenatal screening confirmed the vertical transmission from mother to neonate as the cause of disease. On the contrary, late-onset disease was almost exclusively caused by the internationally diffused clonal complex 17. Erythromycin resistance was detected in 17% of strains. Resistance to clindamycin was 15.3 %., Conclusions: The administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to negatively GBS screened women in presence of risk factors was a deviation from the recommendations issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and it should deserve further consideration. Routine surveillance and molecular typing of circulating clones are essential for the effective management of the neonatal GBS disease.
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- 2017
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30. A fatal case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus suis carrying tet (40) and tet (O/W/32/O), Italy.
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Mancini F, Adamo F, Creti R, Monaco M, Alfarone G, Pantosti A, and Ciervo A
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- Bacterial Proteins genetics, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Shock, Septic microbiology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus suis genetics
- Abstract
We report the first human fatal case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 carrying the tetracycline efflux tet (40) gene and the tetracycline ribosomal protection tet (O/W/32/O) gene. The patient was splenectomized. The case was characterized by multi-organ dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, in accordance with the clinical parameters of STSS. More investigations are needed to improve the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of S. suis in human infection., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2016
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31. Tetanus in Italy 2001-2010: a continuing threat in older adults.
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Filia A, Bella A, von Hunolstein C, Pinto A, Alfarone G, Declich S, and Rota MC
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Tetanus epidemiology
- Abstract
Despite being a completely preventable disease, tetanus cases continue to occur in Italy and notification and hospitalization rates have been reported to be higher with respect to European and other industrialized countries. We examined statutory notification, hospitalization, mortality and seroprevalence data to describe tetanus epidemiology in Italy from 2001 to 2010. A total of 594 tetanus cases were notified, with an average annual incidence of 1.0/1,000,000 population. Most cases were unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Eighty percent of cases occurred in subjects aged >64 years and a higher proportion of females with respect to males were reported in this age group. The annual number of hospital admissions was 1.4-1.7 times greater than the number of notifications in the same year. The mean annual number of reported deaths was 21. Seroprevalence data show progressively higher susceptibility levels with increasing age. Over 50% of persons aged 45-64 years and over two thirds of subjects ≥65 years had tetanus antibody levels <0.01 IU/ml. Results show that tetanus is a continuing problem in Italy and, as in other countries, most cases occur in older adults, especially elderly women. The observed differences in notification and hospitalization rates suggest underreporting by physicians. In recent years, Italy has accounted for most cases reported annually in the European Union (EU) but different case definitions are used. In Italy, a confirmed case is one that meets the clinical case definition while the EU case definition classifies confirmed cases as those with laboratory confirmation of disease. The incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is ten-fold higher than in other industrialized countries, like Australia and Canada, likely due to higher susceptibility levels in Italy. In view of the low prevalence of tetanus antibodies in adults ≥45 years, strategies to improve vaccine uptake in this population group need to be implemented., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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32. Characteristics of neonatal GBS disease during a multicentre study (2007-2010) and in the year 2012.
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Creti R, Berardi A, Baldassarri L, Imperi M, Pataracchia M, Alfarone G, and Recchia S
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- Emergency Medical Services, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Male, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcus agalactiae
- Abstract
Introduction: The characteristics of Group B Streptococcal (GBS) early onset (EOD) and late onset (LOD) neonatal infections in Italy were analyzed. Two periods were considered, a first 3-years period (2007-2010), when notification of GBS infections was enforced under the auspices of the Italian Ministry of Health, and a second 1 year period (2012) when reporting on neonatal GBS disease continued on voluntary basis., Methods: A standardized form was used to collect data on cases of neonatal GBS disease. They included both maternal and neonatal data., Results and Discussion: The two surveys underlined that preterm deliveries, precipitous labor and negatively GBS screened mothers are common causes of EOD occurrence, possibly explained by inadequate, or lack of, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Nevertheless, measures for reducing prevention failures and EOD incidence by an higher adherence to prevention strategies, as the Centre for Disease Control recommendations, are still possible and should be encouraged.
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- 2013
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33. A multiplex PCR assay for the direct identification of the capsular type (Ia to IX) of Streptococcus agalactiae.
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Imperi M, Pataracchia M, Alfarone G, Baldassarri L, Orefici G, and Creti R
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- Bacterial Capsules genetics, DNA Primers genetics, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Humans, Streptococcus agalactiae genetics, Bacterial Capsules classification, Bacterial Typing Techniques methods, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Streptococcus agalactiae classification
- Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of serotypes Ia to IX of Streptococcus agalactiae was developed. By using a single PCR reaction containing a mix of 19 primers the assay identified each serotype by the analysis of the unique two or three bands pattern on agarose gel., (Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2010
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34. Molecular epidemiology and distribution of serotypes, surface proteins, and antibiotic resistance among group B streptococci in Italy.
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Gherardi G, Imperi M, Baldassarri L, Pataracchia M, Alfarone G, Recchia S, Orefici G, Dicuonzo G, and Creti R
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- Adult, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Cluster Analysis, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Genotype, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Membrane Proteins genetics, Molecular Epidemiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Serotyping, Streptococcus agalactiae immunology, Streptococcus agalactiae isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae classification, Streptococcus agalactiae genetics
- Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS) comprising three different sets of isolates (31 invasive, 36 noninvasive, and 24 colonizing isolates) were collected in Italy during the years 2002 to 2005. Clonal groups were established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and selected isolates were studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). GBS isolates were also characterized by classical and molecular techniques for serotyping and protein gene and antibiotic resistance profiling. Some serotypes were significantly associated with a particular isolate population: serotype Ia more frequently corresponded to invasive strains than other strains, serotype V was more frequently encountered among noninvasive strains, and nontypeable strains were more common among isolates from carriers. Four major clonal groups accounted for 52.7% of all isolates: PFGE type 1/clonal complex 1 (CC1) comprised mainly serotype V isolates carrying the alp3 gene, PFGE type 2/CC23 encompassed serotype Ia isolates with the alp1 or alpha gene, PFGE type 3/CC17 comprised serotype III isolates carrying the rib gene, and PFGE type 4/CC19 consisted mainly of serotype II isolates possessing the rib gene. The same serotypes were shared by isolates of different clonal groups, and conversely, isolates belonging to the same clonal groups were found to be of different serotypes, presumably due to capsular switching by the horizontal transfer of capsular genes. Erythromycin resistance (prevalence, 16.5%; 15 resistant isolates of 91) was restricted to strains isolated from patients with noninvasive infections and carriers, while tetracycline resistance was evenly distributed (prevalence, 68.1%; 62 resistant isolates of 91). Most erythromycin-resistant GBS strains were of serotype V, were erm(B) positive, and belonged to the PFGE type 1/CC1 group, suggesting that macrolide resistance may have arisen both by clonal dissemination and by the horizontal transfer of resistance genes.
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- 2007
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35. emm Types, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Italy: What has changed in 11 years?
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Creti R, Imperi M, Baldassarri L, Pataracchia M, Recchia S, Alfarone G, and Orefici G
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Exotoxins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Streptococcus pyogenes metabolism, Time Factors, Virulence Factors genetics, Antigens, Bacterial metabolism, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins metabolism, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes genetics, Virulence Factors metabolism
- Abstract
To investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease over 11 years in Italy, this study compared the emm types and the superantigen toxin genes speA and speC as well as the erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline susceptibilities of 207 invasive GAS strains collected during two national enhanced surveillance periods (1994 to 1996 and 2003 to 2005) and the time between each set of surveillance periods. The present study demonstrated that emm1 strains were consistently responsible for about 20% of invasive GAS infections, while variations in the frequencies of the other types were noted, although the causes of most cases of invasive infections were restricted to emm1, emm3, emm4, emm6, emm12, and emm18. During the 1994 to 1996 surveillance period, an emm89 epidemic clone spread across the northern part of Italy. A restricted macrolide resistance phenotype-type distribution of the bacteriophage-encoded speA toxin as well as of macrolide resistance genes was noted over time. Indeed, the recent acquisition of macrolide resistance in previously susceptible emm types was observed.
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- 2007
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36. Therapeutic failures of antibiotics used to treat macrolide-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes infections may be due to biofilm formation.
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Baldassarri L, Creti R, Recchia S, Imperi M, Facinelli B, Giovanetti E, Pataracchia M, Alfarone G, and Orefici G
- Subjects
- Adhesins, Bacterial genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Biofilms growth & development, Cell Line, Tumor, Epithelial Cells microbiology, Erythromycin therapeutic use, Humans, Macrolides therapeutic use, Membrane Proteins genetics, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes physiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Biofilms drug effects, Erythromycin pharmacology, Macrolides pharmacology, Streptococcal Infections drug therapy, Streptococcus pyogenes drug effects
- Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes infections often fail to respond to antibiotic therapy, leading to persistent throat carriage and recurrent infections. Such failures cannot always be explained by the occurrence of antibiotic resistance determinants, and it has been suggested that S. pyogenes may enter epithelial cells to escape antibiotic treatment. We investigated 289 S. pyogenes strains isolated from different clinical sources to evaluate their ability to form biofilm as an alternative method to escape antibiotic treatment and host defenses. Up to 90% of S. pyogenes isolates, from both invasive and noninvasive infections, were able to form biofilm. Specific emm types, such as emm6, appeared to be more likely to produce biofilm, although variations within strains belonging to the same type might suggest biofilm formation to be a trait of individual strains rather than a general attribute of a serotype. Interestingly, erythromycin-susceptible isolates formed a significantly thicker biofilm than resistant isolates (P < 0.05). Among resistant strains, those carrying the erm class determinants formed a less organized biofilm than the mef(A)-positive strains. Also, prtF1 appeared to be negatively associated with the ability to form biofilm (P < 0.01). Preliminary data on a selection of strains indicated that biofilm-forming isolates entered epithelial cells with significantly lower efficiency than biofilm-negative strains. We suggest that prtF1-negative macrolide-susceptible or mef(A)-carrying isolates, which are poorly equipped to enter cells, may use biofilm to escape antimicrobial treatments and survive within the host. In this view, biofilm formation by S. pyogenes could be responsible for unexplained treatment failures and recurrences due to susceptible microorganisms.
- Published
- 2006
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37. Association of group A streptococcal emm types with virulence traits and macrolide-resistance genes is independent of the source of isolation.
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Creti R, Gherardi G, Imperi M, von Hunolstein C, Baldassarri L, Pataracchia M, Alfarone G, Cardona F, Dicuonzo G, and Orefici G
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Carrier State microbiology, Child, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Humans, Macrolides pharmacology, Membrane Proteins genetics, Methyltransferases genetics, Pharyngitis microbiology, Pharynx microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Streptococcus pyogenes drug effects, Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification, Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity, Virulence Factors genetics, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Exotoxins genetics, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes classification, Streptococcus pyogenes genetics
- Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci; GAS) recovered from paediatric pharyngitis (101 isolates) and asymptomatic children (79 isolates) in the same geographical area and period, as well as isolates collected during an enhanced national surveillance programme for GAS invasive diseases (79 isolates), were screened for the incidence of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (spe) genes speA and speC, as well as the macrolide-resistance genes erm(B), erm(A) subclass erm(TR) and mef(A), and typed by emm sequencing. The speA gene was detected with comparable incidence among throat isolates (13.9 % of asymptomatic children and 16.8 % of pharyngitis isolates) and in 25 % of invasive cases; in contrast, speC incidence was, surprisingly, higher in paediatric populations (55.4 % in pharyngitis isolates and 65.8 % in asymptomatic children) than in invasive isolates (30 %; P < 0.0001). Macrolide resistance was detected in 26.6, 38.0 and 37.6 % of strains belonging to invasive, asymptomatic and pharyngitis populations, respectively. The different incidences of exotoxin and antibiotic-resistance genes among populations did not appear to have an intrinsic clinical significance, but may reflect the propensity of these traits to be associated with certain emm types independent of the source from which the strains were isolated. Further investigations with larger emm-type populations are warranted to confirm this.
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- 2005
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38. Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in Italy during the 1990s.
- Author
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von Hunolstein C, Alfarone G, Scopetti F, Pataracchia M, La Valle R, Franchi F, Pacciani L, Manera A, Giammanco A, Farinelli S, Engler K, De Zoysa A, and Efstratiou A
- Subjects
- Colony Count, Microbial, Corynebacterium classification, Corynebacterium drug effects, Corynebacterium Infections microbiology, Corynebacterium diphtheriae classification, Corynebacterium diphtheriae drug effects, Diphtheria microbiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ribotyping, Virulence genetics, Corynebacterium genetics, Corynebacterium Infections epidemiology, Corynebacterium diphtheriae genetics, Diphtheria epidemiology
- Abstract
Five cases of diphtheria were reported in Italy between January 1990 and June 2001. Three cases were confirmed microbiologically by the isolation of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (two cases) and Corynebacterium ulcerans (one case). Over the same period, 11 cases of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae infection were reported to the Italian Public Health Institute, from which the causative organism was isolated from a skin infection in one case and from the throat in the other ten. Seven of the throat isolates were associated with fever, severe pharyngitis and tonsillitis and were all biotype gravis. Because there are no standardized breakpoints, the antimicrobial sensitivities of C. diphtheriae were determined in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for Streptococcus spp. other than Streptococcus pneumoniae. MICs for penicillin ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 mg l(-1) and 7 out of 11 strains had a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)/MIC ratio >or= 32. All strains were sensitive to clindamycin (MIC
- Published
- 2003
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39. The adjuvant effect of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG motif converts the anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b glycoconjugates into efficient anti-polysaccharide and anti-carrier polyvalent vaccines.
- Author
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von Hunolstein C, Mariotti S, Teloni R, Alfarone G, Romagnoli G, Orefici G, and Nisini R
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Bacterial Capsules, Base Sequence, CpG Islands, Diphtheria Toxoid administration & dosage, Female, Glycoconjugates administration & dosage, Glycoconjugates immunology, Haemophilus Vaccines immunology, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin G classification, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Neutralization Tests, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides genetics, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Tetanus Toxoid administration & dosage, Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage, Haemophilus Vaccines administration & dosage, Haemophilus influenzae immunology, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides administration & dosage
- Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG immunostimulatory sequences (ISS) have been shown to act as potent adjuvants of type 1 immune responses when co-administered with protein or peptide vaccines. We have recently shown that ISS can increase the anti-polysaccharide (CHO) and anti-tetanus toxoid (TT) or anti-diphtheria (CRM) toxoid antibody levels if used as adjuvant of anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) CHO vaccine conjugated with TT or CRM. The analysis of anti-TT and anti-CRM IgG subclasses showed a significant increase in IgG2a, IgG2b and/or IgG3 in the presence of ISS. Anti-TT and anti-CRM antibodies were shown to neutralize the activity of both the tetanus and diphtheria toxin in vivo or in vitro tests respectively. These data show that ISS have the potential to increase host antibody response against both the CHO and the protein component of a conjugated vaccine, and encourage the investigation to identify strategies of vaccination with schedules aimed at the valuation of protein carriers as protective immunogens.
- Published
- 2001
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40. Virulence properties of type VII Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) and immunochemical analysis of capsular type polysaccharide.
- Author
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VON Hunolstein C, Parisi L, Tissi L, Recchia S, Alfarone G, Nicolini L, Volpe C, Wagner B, Motlova J, and Orefici G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody Specificity, Bacterial Capsules chemistry, Cross Reactions, Disease Models, Animal, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immune Sera immunology, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Mice, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid analysis, Phagocytosis, Polysaccharides, Bacterial chemistry, Rabbits, Streptococcus agalactiae immunology, Streptococcus agalactiae ultrastructure, Virulence, Arthritis, Infectious microbiology, Bacterial Capsules immunology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae pathogenicity
- Abstract
Strains of a new polysaccharide type of group B streptococci (GBS), type VII, have been isolated from human carriers and invasive infections. Some of these strains bear the protein antigen c or R, as do other GBS serotypes. The capsular type polysaccharide is sialylated and this residue is involved in the immunodeterminant structure. All type VII strains examined were virulent in CD-1 mice; the LD50 after intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge was 4.57 (SD 0.12) x10(7) cfu for the reference strain and 5.49 (SD 1.5) x10(7) cfu for clinical isolates. A particular feature of this serotype was the ability to induce septic arthritis not only when injected intravenously (i.v.), but also when injected i.p. Rabbit antiserum against the capsular type VII polysaccharide exhibited opsonic activity in a phagocytosis assay and protective activity against infection.
- Published
- 1999
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