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The article provides modern definitions and classification of urticaria. The general provisions of the treatment of chronic urticaria, the treatment of which is often very difficult, are outlined. The main provisions of the treatment of urticaria were formulated, according to which the patient should be treated until the rash is completely resolved. In chronic urticaria, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the causes of dermatosis; avoid exposure to identified triggers; increase tolerance; pharmacological treatment should be aimed at preventing the release of mast cell mediators and/or the effects of mast cell mediators. The goal of treatment should be to relieve the symptoms of urticaria as completely as possible, taking into account the safety and quality of life of the patient in each individual case. The importance of identifying and addressing underlying causes and avoiding identified triggers is emphasized. The therapy algorithm is considered in detail, including 4 lines according to the European guidelines and domestic clinical guidelines. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of various subtypes of chronic urticaria. A comparative description of the most effective antihistamines is given.

The Union of Pediatricians of Russia together with the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists and the Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists have developed new clinical guidelines for the urticaria in adults and children. Urticaria is a common disease; its various clinical variants are diagnosed in 15–25% of people in the global population, and a quarter of all cases belongs to chronic urticaria. The prevalence of acute urticaria is 20%, and 2.1–6.7% in child population, whereas acute urticaria is more common in children than in adults. The prevalence of chronic urticaria in adults in the general population is 0.7 and 1.4%, and 1.1% in children under 15 years of age, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. This article covers features of epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of the disease with particular focus on differential diagnostic search. Guidelines on treatment and step-by-step therapy scheme (both based on principles of evidencebased medicine) for pediatric patients were presented. Clarification on the analysis of the therapy efficacy and the degree of disease activity was given.

Patients with acne often develop neuropsychiatric disorders of varying severity, correlating, as a rule, with the severity of dermatosis. Isotretinoin is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of moderate acne. Due to the fact that in a number of studies isotretinoin was considered as a trigger for the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders, numerous studies were conducted to prove this possibility or to refute it. An analysis of the literature showed that, according to the vast majority of studies, isotretinoin does not lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. However, given the opposite opinion of some authors, it is advisable to actively identify, including in the anamnesis, any psycho-emotional disorders, and monitor them during therapy. In these cases, it is indicated to start treatment with small doses (recommendations have not been developed).

Background. There is insufficient data on the antifungal activity of activated zinc pyrithione, which is widely used in practice. Taking into account the reports about a significant role of Malassezia in the pathogenesis of a number of dermatoses, the study of this issue is of scientific, practical interest. Aims. To evaluate the antifungal activity of external forms of activated zinc pyrithione in the treatment of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor. Materials and methods. An open prospective study was conducted between March and July 2022. Patients with psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis were treated with external forms of activated zinc pyrithione for 21 days. Skin scales and circular prints from lesion foci, as well as from skin areas without clinical manifestations before and after therapy were studied. A quantitative assessment of skin colonization by micromycetes of Malassezia was performed using microscopic, cultural methods of examination. Clinical efficacy and drug safety of the therapy was assessed using the Dermatological Symptom Scale Index, by recording adverse events at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3. Results. 64 patients aged 18 to 65 years with diagnoses of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor were included. 60 patients completed the study, 4 were excluded due to failure to adhere to the schedule. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor in the lesion foci after therapy, a significant decrease colonization level according to the results of microscopic, cultural studies was observed. In psoriasis patients, a significant decrease in the colonization level was obtained only based on the results of microscopic examination. In all groups, significant differences in comparison to the initial level were registered already at the 1st week of treatment. No adverse events were registered. Conclusion. Activated zinc pyrithione in the form of cream and aerosol showed moderate antifungal activity against micromycetes of the genus Malassezia.

The paper presents an analysis of different variants of acne classifications and the assessment of acne severity, carried out by the working group of the RODVK Committee for Classifications in Dermatovenereology. There is a division of acne vulgaris according to age and severity. Assessing the severity of acne is important for choosing the correct prescriptions in daily practice and for the evaluation of treatment outcomes. Most of existing acne grading systems are based either on a global grading of severity or on calculating the number of lesions in a variety of anatomic locations. For clinical practice of dermatovenereologists, as well as for educational and scientific purposes, the working group proposed to supplement the acne classification based on severity grading with counting the number of the lesions, and to take into account localization, rash prevalence and scarring when determining the acne severity.

Psoriasis is a chronic multi-factorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease of skin and joints. The variety of clinical forms of dermatosis is consistent with various pathogenetic features of the disease progress which have been significantly supplemented and reviewed recently. Knowledge of these mechanisms will improve and personalize the prescribed therapy. This study places the emphasis on modern ideas about the formation of T cell memory, the role of melanocytes and innate lymphoid cells. Development mechanisms of guttate and paradoxical psoriasis with important distinguishing characteristics are described separately. Today, knowledge of the molecular basis of the disease progression has led to the creation and introduction of a number of highly effective targeted drugs into clinical practice. Further developments related to the inhibition of resident memory cells, innate lymphoid cells, as well as the study of guttate psoriasis perpetuation and the occurrence of paradoxical psoriasis will significantly increase the effectiveness of the therapy.

Background. Netakimab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, specifically binding to IL-17 blocks its activity resulting in plaque psoriasis signs decrease. The results of the first year of BCD-085-7/PLANETA study showed high efficacy and a favorable safety profile in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Aims. Efficacy and safety assessments of netakimab through 2 years of treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Materials and methods. BCD-085-7/PLANETA study is ongoing Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III clinical study. In the study, 213 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were randomly assigned to one of three study groups. In the first two groups of patients, after weekly drug administration, received netakimab at a dose of 120 mg every two or four weeks. In the third group the patients received placebo. During 12-week double-blind study period the efficacy were evaluated based on the proportion of patients achieved PASI 75. After that all patients were switched to netakimab (once in 4 weeks). Patients who failed to achieve PASI 75 at Week 52 were withdrawn from the study. The open period lasts about 3 years. Herein we focus on the results of 2-year netakimab treatment (120 mg, weekly for 3 weeks, then once in 4 weeks), the recommended per label dose. Taking into account the epidemiological situation (COVID-19) and results limitation due to missing visits, additionally to the efficacy analysis in patients received, at least, one dose of netakimab, analysis in those of them who had relevant data on each visit per Protocol was conducted (ITT and PP populations). Results. At Year 1, PASI 75/90/100 responses were achieved in 88,7/74,5/56,6% patients, respectively (ITT-population) and in 100/85/66% patients, respectively (ITT-population). In 2 year, 69,3/58,0/40,6% sustained their responses in ITT-population and 93,2/78,2/53,1% in PP-population. Through 2 years, the high quality of life sustained among patients. The safety profile remained favorable and immunogenicity was low. Conclusions. Treatment with netakimab at a dose of 120 mg every 4 weeks results in high rates of sustained clinical response and quality life improvement in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis with remains of a favorable safety profile.

Currently, there is no generally accepted terminology and classification of vasculitis and vascular cutaneous disorders. In Russia there are various approaches to the classification of cutaneous vasculitis vascular lesions are classified according to clinical signs, etiology and pathogenesis. Significant difficulties are caused by the lack of a unified terminology, clear diagnostic criteria for vasculitis and the existence of a large number of duplicate names, among which there are many eponymous terms. This issue is one of the most complex, confusing and debatable not only in dermatovenereology, but also in other disciplines. Modern principles of diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis are based on an integrated assessment of the data of the disease history, clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination. For standardization of definitions and diagnostic criteria, it is necessary, first of all, to adopt a unified interdisciplinary classification of vasculitis, which will be based on the etiopathogenetic principle. The applied unified classification of cutaneous vasculitis is proposed for discussion.

Background. Netakimab (NTK), an original humanized anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody, showed therapeutic efficacy in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in a phase 2 clinical study. Herein we report the results of 54 weeks of a phase 3 trial. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two NTK regimens vs. placebo in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Methods. PLANETA is the ongoing randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. 213 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomly assigned to receive NTK 120 mg once every 2 weeks (NTK Q2W), NTK 120 mg once every 4 weeks (NTK Q4W) or placebo. During the first 3 weeks, patients received subcutaneous injections of NTK or placebo (according to the allocation) once a week. Patients in the NTK Q2W group then received NTK at weeks 4, 6, 8, and 10. Subjects in the NTK Q4W group received NTK at weeks 6 and 10 and placebo at weeks 4 and 8. Patients in the placebo group received placebo injections at weeks 4, 6, 8, and 10. Treatment was unblinded at week 12. During the open-label phase, patients in both NTK groups continued to receive NTK Q4W. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients in each group who achieved a 75% or greater reduction from baseline in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) at week 12. Results. A total of 77.7%, 83.3%, and 0% of patients had a PASI 75 response at week 12 in the NTK Q2W, NTK Q4W, and placebo groups, respectively (P 0.0001, Fishers exact test, ITT). The effect was maintained throughout the 1-year treatment. NTK showed a good safety profile and low immunogenicity. Conclusion. Treatment with NTK results in high rates of sustained clinical response in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The study is ongoing; thus, long-term use efficacy and safety data are forthcoming.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease characterized by an increased rate of keratinocyte division. The results of recent studies have made it possible to establish that the cytokines of the IL-36 family occupy a significant place in the initiation and regulation of the inflammatory process in psoriasis. IL-36 is in an inactive form and proteolytic processing is required for its activation in the skin, which is possible with the participation of neutrophilic serine proteases. Localization of these enzymes in the upper layers of the epidermis suggests the clinical efficacy of a topical targeted drug that inhibits serine proteases, sivelestat. On the basis of this active substance, we have created a drug in an external dosage form and conducted an experimental study of its effectiveness on a laboratory model of psoriasis. Aims: to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of sivelestat in a laboratory model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Materials and methods: In the experiment, 40 inbred BALB/c mice were used, which were randomized into 4 groups of 10 each. An imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis was used. Mice of group No. I - without therapy (control), No. II - ointment (vaseline) containing 1% sivelestat, No. III - cream (lanolin + olive oil + water in equal proportions) containing 1% sivelestat, No. IV - betamethasone cream dipropionate 0.05%. Clinical assessment of skin rashes was performed using the PASI-modified method (mPASI), as well as histological and immunohistochemical examination of the skin. Results: When evaluating clinical manifestations, it was found that the total mPASI index when using sivelestat cream decreased by 50%, and sivelestat ointment - by 36%. The histological examination showed that the thickness of the epidermis in the groups where the therapy was applied was 2.4-3.6 times less than in the control group. An immunohistochemical study of the skin found that after treatment with sivelestat, the number of CD3 + cells in the skin was 1.8-2.2 times less, and the level of proliferative activity (Ki-67 + cells) was 2.3-2.9 times less. lower than in the group without therapy Conclusions: On a laboratory model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, it was found that a serine protease inhibitor (sivelestat) has a therapeutic efficacy comparable to a strong topical glucocorticosteroid drug (betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%). A pronounced resolution of the elements of the skin rash, a reduction in the thickness of the epidermis, a decrease in skin infiltration with T-lymphocytes and a normalization of the rate of cell division of the epidermis and dermis are shown. Suppression of the activity of IL-36-mediated inflammation in the skin by means of topical inhibitors of serine proteases is a promising new direction in the treatment of patients with psoriasis.

Analysis of various classifications of pemphigus shows that there are no fundamental differences between them. The main distinctions consist in use of diverse terms in naming of some forms of pemphigus and in inclusion or exclusion of certain subtypes from the classifications. Authors propose to use the following classification in the dermatological clinical practice, for educational and scientific purposes and for clinical guidelines: 1) pemphigus vulgaris (1.1. Pemphigu s vegetans); 2) pemphigus foliaceus (2.1. Pemphigus endemic (Fogo selvagem), 2.2. Pemphigus erythematosus (Senear Usher)); 3) herpetiform pemphigus; 4) paraneoplastic pemphigus; 5) IgA pemphigus (5.1. Subcorneal pustular dermatosis, 5.2. Intraepidermal neutrophilic dermatosis).

Topical medications are used to treat not only limited, but also common forms of the disease. Currently prescribed external anti-inflammatory drugs have a low selectivity of action, which does not allow achieving a long-term and pronounced clinical effect without the development of undesirable phenomena. This review presents new options for the use of methotrexate in modern topical forms (AuNPs-3MPS), which make it possible to reduce the incidence of adverse events with a high efficiency of therapy. Shown is an innovative drug that blocks resident memory cells (PAP-1), which will influence the course and relapses of the disease, and possibly even lead to the cure of the patient from psoriasis. A new direction has been described inhibition of serine proteases (ER143, AAN-16) and thus inhibition of IL-36-mediated inflammation, which will allow controlling the inflammatory process in psoriasis in the early stages of its development. In addition, a number of drugs are shown whose action is based on blocking intracellular signaling pathways, which leads to inhibition of the development of the inflammatory response and resolution of psoriatic eruptions: inhibitors of Janus kinases (tofacitinib), transcription factor Stat3 (rS3-PA), secondary messenger of signals (SIS3), phosphodiesterase 7 (ASB16165) and 4 (AN-2728/crisaborol), ROR transcription factor (PF-06763809), phospholipase A2 (AVX001), hydrolases (DZ2002). The results of preclinical and initial stages of clinical trials with an assessment of the safety and tolerability of the studied substances are presented. Based on the review, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed drugs are characterized. Topical therapy with a selective effect on the key links in the development of psoriasis will increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the frequency of unwanted effects.

Background. Focal infection (FI) are important trigger factors for the development of psoriasis, which means they can aggravate the course of dermatosis, including due to an increase in certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. Aim. To study the cytokine profile of patients with psoriasis in the progressive period of the disease, as well as to assess the effect radical treatment of focal infection on the course of dermatosis. Material and methods. Prospective comparative non-randomized study included 52 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, aged 18 to 65 years, who signed a informed consent. The first group consisted of patients who underwent radical treatment FI (16 people), the second those who did not treat FI (16 people), and the third group consisted of patients in whom FI was not detected (20 people). Cytokine concentrations were measured in the progressive stage of the disease in 52 patients with psoriasis and 20 individuals in the control group (healthy individuals).The spectrum of detected cytokines included: IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, as well as INF- and INF-. For the detection of all cytokines, except for IL-17A, reagents from Vector-Best, Russia were used. The Human ELISA MAX Deluxe Set (BioLegend, USA) was used to determine the concentration of IL-17A. During the main course of treatment (0, 2 and 4 weeks), as well as the follow-up of patients (12, 24 and 52 weeks), the severity of psoriasis was assessed with the calculation of the PASI index. At the end of the study (week 52), the number of relapses and the total duration of remission were recorded. Results. The level of IL-8 was increased in 90,6% of psoriasis patients with FI. In this case, significant differences were obtained in comparison with the group of patients with psoriasis without diagnosed FI and with the control group, in which an increase in the concentration of IL-8 was noted, respectively, in 65% and 30% of cases. A moderate positive correlation was found between the IL-8 level and the PASI index (rs = 0,48; p = 3,6 104). The levels of INF- and IL-6 in psoriasis patients with FI were increased, respectively, in 15,6% and 21,9% of cases and significantly differed from the group of practically healthy individuals (p 0,05), differences from the group of patients with psoriasis without FI was not identified. The concentration of TNF- did not differ in all three groups. The level of IL-17A was significantly increased in comparison with practically healthy individuals both in the group of psoriasis patients with FI and in the group of patients without FI (Me = 3,3 and 4,3 pg/ml versus 0,2 pg/ml). The concentrations of five interleukin cytokines, namely IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-, did not exceed the upper limit of the reference range in all patients of the experimental (patients with psoriasis) and control groups. Evaluation of the PASI index during the observation of patients in the first and second groups showed significantly lower values of this indicator for weeks 24 and 52 in the first group (0,2 vs. 7,0; p = 0,02 and 0,1 vs. 7,2; p = 0,002). The relative risk of disease recurrence in the absence of radical treatment for FI was 2,6 (CI 1,1 to 5,2). Conclusion. Data were obtained showing the role of IL-8 and focal infection, with the presence of which its increased production is associated, in the worsening of the course of psoriasis with the frequent development of relapses. Important preventive measures leading to a decrease in the number of relapses of psoriasis are timely diagnosis and radical treatment of focal infection.

Background. Despite the advances achieved in recent years in the treatment of AD, prevention and rehabilitation of patients, who suffering from this disease, belong to the most difficult tasks of practical dermatovenerology. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Reglisam Cream in the complex therapy of patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods. The study involved 48 patients with atopic dermatitis, who were divided into two groups. There were two observation periods for each patient: 28 days the period of exacerbation therapy, and 6 months basic care and prevention of relapses. In exacerbation period all patients used external moisturizers in addition to topical glucocorticosteroids: in group I (study group) patients applied Reglisam Cream to the skin; in group II (control group) cold cream. After the period of exacerbation patients of group I were prescribed basic therapy Reglisam Cream for 6 months, patients of group II cold cream. In each group were assessed the therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment. During the study were conducted registration of adverse events, assessment of the dermatological status with the determination of the intensity of pruritus according to the visual analogue 10-point scale, the calculation of the severity index of the disease and the area of the lesion in eczema / atopic dermatitis (EASI) and the dermatological index of quality of life (DLQI), measurement of skin moisture, general clinical research. Results. In the first 28 days of acute atopic dermatitis period therapy, the EASI index decreased on average by 76% from 20.4 to 4.8 points (p 0,05), in group II by 57% from 19.7 to 8.4 points (p 0,05); the intensity of pruritus after treatment with Reglisam Cream in the dynamics decreased by 70% and amounted to 2.3 points, which was lower than in the comparison group 4.1 points (p 0,05); the level of skin hydration in group I was 36.8 units, during the treatment period increased by 80%, and was higher than in group II 26.7 units. (p 0,05); DLQI in group I decreased by 68%, amounting to 4.7 points, and was almost 2 times less than in group II 9.2 points (p 0.05). In group I for 6 months were registered a statistically lower frequency of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis (28%) than in group II (63%). The average duration of atopic dermatitis remission in group I was 22.4 weeks, for 4 weeks more than in group II (p 0,05). Meanwhile the average duration for the exacerbation period of atopic dermatitis in group I was more than 3.5 times less in comparison with group II; the average EASI in group I did not exceed 6.4 points and was significantly lower than that in group II (p 0,05). Conclusion. The use Reglisam Cream as basic skin care in patients with AD increases the duration of remission and reduces the frequency and duration of relapses of the disease, leads to an improvement the quality of life, a decrease in the intensity of pruritus and a significant increase in the moisture content of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. The obtained clinical results allow us to recommend Reglisam Cream as an effective external agent in the complex therapy of patients with AD.

Background. CLA+T-cell are an important component of skin-associated lymphoid tissue, and thus determine the pathogenesis of many immuno-mediated dermatoses. Aims. Determine the relative number of CLA+T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis, lichen planus and atopic dermatitis, as well as assess their impact on the severity of dermatoses. Materials and methods. We examined 82 patients with psoriasis aged 19 to 62 years, 54 patients with lichen planus (LP) aged 18 to 54 years, 44 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) aged 18 to 44 years, as well as 20 practically healthy individuals aged 18 to 52 years who were admitted to the clinic for the removal of benign skin neoplasms. All patients underwent a standard clinical examination with the determination of indicators that characterize the severity of dermatosis: PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) for patients with psoriasis, IPSLP (index of prevalence and severity of lichen planus) for patients with lichen planus and SCORAD (Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis) for patients with atopic dermatitis. Defining subpopulations CLA+T-lymphocytes were carried out on a flow cytometer Cytomics FC500 by Beckman Coulter using appropriate combinations of direct monoclonal antibodies and isotopic controls. The groups were compared using the nonparametric Mann Whitney test, and the differences were considered significant at p0,05. To analyze the relationship between the severity of dermatosis and the relative content of subpopulations CLA+T-cells used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. In patients with psoriasis, a significant increase in the percentage of the total number of T-lymphocytes positive for CLA (CLA+CD3+) and T-helpers positive for CLA (CLA+CD4+) (p=0,002 and 8,5104, respectively), in patients with PL and AD only CLA+CD4+ lymphocytes (p=0,028 and 0,003, respectively). In the progressive period of psoriasis, a direct moderate correlation was found between the circulating subpopulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes positive for CLA (CLA+CD8+) and the PASI index (rs=0,47; p0,001), in the acute period of AD between the CLA+CD3+ subpopulations and CLA+CD4+ cells and the SCORAD index (rs=0,53; p 0,001 and rs=0,57; p0,001, respectively). In PL, the severity of the course of dermatosis was not accompanied by any significant changes in the CLA-positive T-cell subpopulations. Conclusion. The results of the study confirmed the important role of CLA+T cell subpopulations in the development of chronic dermatoses. In all groups (psoriasis, LP and AD), an increase in the relative number of CLA+CD4+ T-helpers was noted compared with the control group. The relationship between the severity of psoriasis and the relative number of CLA+CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the severity of AD with CLA+CD3+ and CLA+CD4+ T-helpers is also shown.

The article is of an overview nature, it outlines the current understanding of the pathophysiology of acne, provides data on the role of retinoids in the treatment of dermatosis, discusses the advantages of combination therapy and new technologies in the treatment of acne.

Below you will find the analysis of the first published data and international clinical recommendations for the systemic treatment of patients with moderate and severe psoriasis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries (France, Italy, USA, Spain, and Germany).

The article provides a review of the literature on isotretinoin (Isotretinoin Lidose), which for almost 40 years has been the most effective treatment for moderate forms of acne. The article sets out modern ideas about the mechanism of action of the drug, as well as the evolution of treatment algorithms, as well as the evolution of algorithms for influencing people, which reduces the risk of adverse events. Data on the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin for acne and other dermatoses are provided.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and joints, affecting 1-3% of the population. It is generally accepted that the pathogenesis of psoriasis involves accumulation of effector T-cells within lymph nodes and their subsequent migration into the skin through the blood system. Here we provide evidence that psoriatic plaque itself may serve as a source of inflammatory T-cells. OBJECTIVE: We examined the intradermal proliferation of T-cells and the number of effector/memory (CD45RO+) T-cells in the skin of psoriatic patients at different periods of the disease. METHODS: Skin samples were obtained from 41 patients with progressive psoriatic lesions; 18 of these patients also donated skin specimens during the remission of the disease. The control group consisted of 16 healthy subjects. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect proliferating cells, CD3ε served as a T-cell marker, and CD45RA and CD45RO antibodies were utilized to discriminate between naive and effector/memory T-cells, respectively. RESULTS: Progressive psoriatic lesions demonstrated Ki67 staining both in keratinocytes and in the CD3ε+ cells of dermal infiltrate. Median count of CD45RO+ cells per microscopic field was 15 in healthy controls, 59 in patients in remission and 208 in progressive psoriatic plaques. The observed differences demonstrated high level of statistical significance. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Limited number of analyzed patients. CONCLUSION: Progressive phase of psoriasis is characterized by intradermal proliferation of T-cells. Spots of regressed psoriatic lesions contain high number of CD45RO+ cells, which are likely to render an immunological memory.