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Abstract Intelligent assistants often struggle with the complexity of spatiotemporal models used for understanding objects and environments. The construction and usage of such models demand significant computational resources. This article introduces a novel multilevel spatiotemporal model and a computationally efficient construction method. To facilitate model construction on different levels, we employ a meta-mining technique. Furthermore, the proposed model is specifically designed to excel in foggy environments. As a practical application, we develop an intelligent assistant focused on enhancing subway passenger safety. We present case examples involving jammed objects, such as shoes, in escalator combs. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method. Specifically, the accuracy of breakdown detection has improved by 10% compared to existing information systems used in subways. Moreover, the time required to build a spatiotemporal model is reduced by 2.3 times, further highlighting the efficiency of our approach. Our research offers a promising solution for intelligent assistants dealing with complex spatiotemporal modeling, with practical applications in ensuring subway passenger safety.

Abstract This article addresses an approach to intelligent safety control of passengers on escalators. The aim is to improve the accuracy of detecting threatening situations on escalators in the subway to make decisions to prevent threats and eliminate the consequences. The novelty of the approach lies in the complex processing of information from three types of sources (video, audio, sensors) using machine learning methods and recurrent neural networks with controlled elements. The conditions and indicators of safety assurance efficiency are clarified. New methods and algorithms for managing the safety of passengers on escalators are proposed. The architecture of a promising safety software system is developed, and implementation of its components for cloud and fog computing environments is provided. Modeling results confirm the capabilities and advantages of the proposed technological solutions for enhancing the safety of escalator passengers, efficiency of control decision making, and system usability. Due to the proposed solutions, it has become possible to increase the speed of identifying situations 3.5 times and increase the accuracy of their determination by 26%. The efficiency of decision making has increased by almost 30%.

This article discusses applications for monitoring and visualizing events from a cloud or fog environment. Applications where images are processed by machine learning algorithms for intelligent video surveillance systems are considered. A review of analogues of programs that implement the concept of the Internet of Things has been made. Examples of the real use of ready-made systems in various fields are considered. The problems of using systems with different architectures are discussed. A proposed solution is in the modification of the generalized architecture of the applications for monitoring and visualizing events. It allows improve events monitoring based on the ability to run applications on devices with different technical characteristics and under different operating systems. The solution is shown in the example of ensuring the safety of escalator equipment. Three applications have been developed for a smartphone, a desktop and a website for the visualization of events from a cloud or fog environment. The developed applications were tested on a large amount of data (video information). Specific examples are given.

This article discusses the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) architecture. A broad overview of ready-made platforms for IoT systems is presented. Examples of real use of ready-made systems in various fields are considered. The problem of delays in data processing is identified. Nowadays reduction in delays require large computing resources. A solution is proposed based on the modification of the MEC architecture using fog computing environments and cloud computing. An approach for transferring computations to the cloud and fog has been developed. The proposed approach was tested and the results were obtained in relation to the processing of a large amount of data (video information). Specific examples are given.

This article discusses an approach to the development of large-scale cognitive cyber-physical systems characterized by a high level of structural, functional and architectural dynamics. The main idea of the proposed approach is the use of several modern paradigms to build cyber-physical systems, such as continuous architecture, agile architecture, digital twins and digital threads. A three-level model of a cognitive cyber-physical system is proposed. In order to ensure the required level of flexibility of the system, such possibility should be laid at earlier stages of the life cycle, i.e., at the development stage. At the upper level, the system is described in terms of a continuous architecture; at the middle level, the system is represented as a system with agile architecture, which is described as a multi-level relatively finite automaton, and at the lower level, structural and functional models are used that illustrate the system in the process of functioning. This article provides examples of using the proposed approach.

A model-based approach to large-scale distributed system architecting is suggested, which is based on the use of dynamic digital twins. This approach can be considered as an integration of known paradigms, such as digital twins, evolutionary architecture and agile architecture. It can also be considered as one of the possible realizations of the digital thread paradigm. As part of this approach, a three-level digital thread reference architecture is suggested, which includes the following levels: (i) digital thread support level; (ii) agile architecture support level; (iii) digital shadow support level. This approach has been used in the development of a number of real systems, and has shown its effectiveness in supporting system agility at the exploitation and modernization stages. The proposed approach is focused on building digital twin-based systems. This article may be interesting for specialists engaged in research and development in the domain of IoT- and IIoT-based information systems, primarily architects.