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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes a number of molecular and cellular alterations. There is evidence of an imbalance between the main excitatory (glutamate, Glu) and the main inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) neurotransmitters following mTBI. In vivo human GABA-Glu balance studies following mTBI are sparse.To investigate the effect of acute mTBI on the GABA concentration measured in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of pediatric patients by using the macromolecular (MM)-suppressed GABA J-editing technique.Prospective patient and phantom.A total of 14 pediatric patients (mean age 16.0 ± 1.7) with acute mTBI (3 days after trauma; Glasgow Coma Scale 15) and 16 healthy volunteers (mean age 16.9 ± 2.8). Phantom: 524 cmA 3 T, MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence.GABA spectra were processed in Gannet software. MM-suppressed GABA editing efficiency was derived from the phantom study. Absolute GABA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations were quantified using different types of correction and compared between groups. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) levels relative to tCr were also compared.Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Student t-test, Pearson or Spearman correlations. P 0.01 was considered statistically significant.The MM-suppressed GABA editing efficiency was 0.63. GABA signal fit error was16% for all participants. The GABA concentration in the PCC of the mTBI group was significantly different from that in healthy controls: GABA/tCr was higher by 27%, absolute GABA concentration with different types of correction was higher by ≈17%. No significant differences were observed in Glx concentrations (P ≥ 0.32) or in Glx/tCr (P ≥ 0.1), NAA/tCr (P = 0.55), and Cho/tCr levels (P = 0.85).We report an increase in the GABA concentration in the PCC region in acute mTBI pediatric patients. This may suggest activation of GABA synthesis and impairment of the GABAergic system after acute mTBI.3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

At least 50% of factors predisposing to alcohol dependence (AD) are genetic and women affected with this disorder present with more psychiatric comorbidities, probably indicating different genetic factors involved. We aimed to run a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by a bioinformatic functional annotation of associated genomic regions in male and female patients with AD and eight related clinical measures. A genome-wide significant association of rs220677 with AD (p-value = 1.33×10^-8 calculated with the Yates-corrected Chi-square test under the assumption of dominant inheritance) was discovered in female patients. Associations of AD and related clinical measures with seven other single nucleotide polymorphisms listed in previous GWAS of psychiatric and addiction traits were differently replicated in male and female patients. The bioinformatic analysis showed that regulatory elements in the eight associated linkage disequilibrium blocks define the expression of 80 protein-coding genes. Nearly 68% of these and of 120 previously published coding genes associated with alcohol phenotypes directly interact in a single network. This study indicates that a number of genes behind the pathogenesis of AD are different in male and female patients, but implicated molecular mechanisms are functionally connected. The results also suggest the genetic basis of sex-specific psychiatric comorbidities of AD.

As a luminous center, Mn2+ has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, and low cost, and has been widely used to improve the color rendering index of garnet structured phosphors. Although the position of Mn2+ in garnet structures and its corresponding spectrum have been widely discussed, there is no convincing conclusion. In this paper, the selectivity of Mn2+ ion occupancy in the Y3Al5O12:0.1Ce3+,yMn2+ (y = 0–0.22) garnet structure and their corresponding emission spectra were determined. At low substitution density, Mn2+ ions (y = 0–0.007) easily replace Al3+ ions in the octahedron and emit 590 nm red light under 450 nm blue light excitation, which were determined by calculating the formation energy of the (Mn/Al) and (Mn/Y) local coordination and powder XRD analysis. Upon increasing the Mn2+ concentration from 0.007 to 0.22, the emission light with a peak at 750 nm gradually appears. Meanwhile, the effect of Y3+ ions on the energy transfer of Ce3+ → Mn2+ in (Lu1−xYx)3Al4.8Si0.2O12:0.1Ce3+,0.2Mn2+ (x = 0–1) is achieved through the reduction of the distance between Ce3+ and Mn2+ ions in the dodecahedron. The above work provides support for the correct understanding of the luminescence behavior of Mn2+, and the influence of the microstructure on the energy transfer of Ce3+ → Mn2+ ions. Finally, high color rendering index (83.4) wLEDs were fabricated by the Lu1.2Y1.8Al4.8Si0.2O12:0.1Ce3+,0.2Mn2+ phosphor and the blue chip under 120 mA.

Light is a fuel for photosynthesis and plays an irreplaceable role in seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, flowering induction, and accumulation of nutrients. However, the current phosphors combined with LEDs for photosynthesis have some unsolved problems, such as low efficiency, poor thermal stability, unvarying emission wavelength or non-matching spectrum, which restrict their applications. In this work, a series of novel efficient Lu3Al5O12:10%Ca2+,xBi3+,yMn4+ phosphors with blue-violet plus deep red dual-emission peaking at 419 and 669 nm have been first reported, which can meet the different light requirements of plants by controlling the concentration ratio of Bi3+ and Mn4+, and they possess at most 90.64% spectrum resemblance to the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll A and B. Furthermore, these phosphors exhibit high internal efficiency and at most reserve 95% of the initial intensity at 425 K. Finally, as a light source for monitoring the fluorescence spectra of evergreen plants, pc-LEDs were fabricated by UV chips and our synthesized phosphors. The results reveal that these phosphors can achieve as high as 83% photosynthetic efficiency for evergreen plants and improve it by 10% than a single emission phosphor, which shows good application prospects for improving plant photosynthesis.

Genetics and environmental and lifestyle factors deeply affect cardiovascular diseases, with atherosclerosis as the etiopathological factor (ACVD) and their early recognition can significantly contribute to an efficient prevention and treatment of the disease. Due to the vast number of these factors, only the novel “omic” approaches are surmised. In addition to genomics, which extended the effective therapeutic potential for complex and rarer diseases, the use of “omics” presents a step-forward that can be harnessed for more accurate ACVD prediction and risk assessment in larger populations. The analysis of these data by artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) strategies makes is possible to decipher the large amount of data that derives from such techniques, in order to provide an unbiased assessment of pathophysiological correlations and to develop a better understanding of the molecular background of ACVD. The predictive models implementing data from these “omics”, are based on consolidated AI best practices for classical ML and deep learning paradigms that employ methods (e.g., Integrative Network Fusion method, using an AI/ML supervised strategy and cross-validation) to validate the reproducibility of the results. Here, we highlight the proposed integrated approach for the prediction and diagnosis of ACVD with the presentation of the key elements of a joint scientific project of the University of Milan and the Almazov National Medical Research Centre.

Scientific-methodical approaches to a study of nonlinear physicochemical processes are considered and an experimental setup intended for investigation of nonlinear physical and chemical processes accompanying irradiation of solids of various classes (including energetic materials) by UV, visible, and IR laser radiation is described. The possibility of synchronous multi-parameter measurements of the amplitude, spectral, kinetic, and spatial characteristics of the near-surface and bulk luminous laser plasma, solid-phase luminescence, acoustic pulses formed in the bulk of the samples, and morphology of residual damages has been demonstrated with a nanosecond time resolution. The energy density on the irradiated target surfaces varied from fractions of mJ/cm2 to 104 J/cm2 depending on the problem to be solved. The spectral range recorded for one irradiation pulse was 200–1100 nm, the spectral resolution was ~1.5 nm, and the spatial resolution was ~10 μm. A pressure pulse formed in the sample volume was recorded by an acoustic sensor with sensitivity of 0.15 V/bar and temporal resolution of ~5 ns.

(Lu1-xMnx)3Al2(Al1-xSix)3O12: Ce3+ solid solution phosphors were synthesized via introducing the isostructural Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 (MAS) into Lu3Al5O12: Ce3+ (LuAG). Moreover, (Lu1-xMnx)3Al2(Al1-xSix)3O12: Ce3+ (x = 0–0.2) exhibits substantial spectra broadening (83→115 nm) due to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ and the 4T1→6A1 transition of Mn2+, respectively. The efficiency of energy transfer (ηT, Ce3+→Mn2+) gradually increases with the rising Mn2+ content, and the value reach approximately 45% at x = 0.2. Namely, the different characteristics of luminescence evolution based on effect of structural variation substituting (MnSi)6+ pair for the larger (LuAl)6+ pair. Therefore, with the structural evolution, the luminescence of the solid solution phosphors could be tuned from green to orange-red tunable by increasing the content of MAS for the applications of general lighting.

The physical nature of emissions excited in pressed-sugar samples by the first harmonic of a neodymium laser (1064 nm, 12 ns) is studied. The spectral, kinetic, spatial, and amplitude characteristics of emissions upon single- and multipulse irradiation with energy densities of 0.012–3.2 J/cm2 are measured. It is found that excitation of a sample by the first pulse causes two emission types, namely, emission of the second harmonic of a Nd laser (532 nm) and glowing of dense low-temperature plasma formed as a result of a low-temperature optical breakdown on absorbing inhomogeneities. Multipulse excitation leads to annealing of absorbing inhomogeneities and to an increase in the optical breakdown threshold.

This paper presents ongoing research aimed at developing a data-driven platform for clinical decision support systems (DSSs) that require integration and processing of various data sources within a single solution. Resource management is developed within a framework of an urgent computing approach to address changing requirements defined by the incoming flow of patients with urgent diseases. This work presents DSS for support of ambulance and emergency medical service management for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a working example with integration distributed streaming data sources as well as data storages (containing electrocardiography (ECG) data, electronic medical records (EMR), real-time monitoring of medical facilities, and schedules of hospitals within a network). This DSS has been developed in collaboration with the Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre in Saint Petersburg.

(Tb1−xMnx)3Al2(Al1−xSix)3O12:Ce3+ solid solution phosphors were synthesized by introducing the isostructural Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 (MAS) into Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ (TbAG). Under 456 nm excitation, (Tb1−xMnx)3Al2(Al1−xSix)3O12:Ce3+ shows energy transfers (ET) in the host, which can be obtained from the red emission components to enhance color rendering. Moreover, (Tb1−xMnx)3Al2(Al1−xSix)3O12:Ce3+ (x = 0–0.2) exhibits substantial spectral broadening (68 → 86 nm) due to the 5d → 4f transition of Ce3+ and the 4T1 → 6A1 transition of Mn2+. The efficiency of energy transfer (ηT, Ce3+ → Mn2+) gradually increases with increasing Mn2+ content, and the value reach approximately 32% at x = 0.2. Namely, the different characteristics of luminescence evolution based on the effect of structural variation by substituting the (MnSi)6+ pair for the larger (TbAl)6+ pair. Therefore, with structural evolution, the luminescence of the solid solution phosphors could be tuned from yellow to orange-red, tunable by increasing the content of MAS for the applications of white light emitting diodes (wLED).

This paper presents conceptual basis and early results within the research project aimed towards the development of a holistic approach for modeling of chronic disease progression for recommendation elaboration and decision making. The key issues which form the research problem include a high diversity of patients’ population, simultaneous appearance of multiple chronic diseases, aged patients as a major target group. Also, one of the most important problems being raised in this research is limited observation available for chronic diseases as the long development of chronic disease is usually happening outside the hospital. The approach is based on systematization and collection of data from diverse sources and models describing various aspects of disease progression, life conditions, treatment process within a single comprehensive solution. The goal of such solution is lowering of existing limitation and uncertainty for predictive modeling and simulation of chronic diseases. A target application of the approach considered within the project is decision support systems for both patients and physicians during treatment of chronic disease. Within the presented paper early results are performed on the analysis of arterial hypertension patients treatment process within the developed approach.

This paper presents the application of text mining methods to the texts in electronic health records (EHR). It is shown in an experimental study how to raise the data possibility to reflect the real medical processes for process modeling tasks. The method is based on the patterns identified in the analysis of medical databases with the physician assistant. EHR is characterized by the gap between common semantic structure and syntactic structure what is important for complex processes modeling. This study aimed at the solution of the problem of knowledge retrieval from EHR by identifying the specifics of their semantic structure and the development of algorithms for interpretation of medical records using the text mining. The medical tests description, surgery protocols, and other medical documents contain many extremely important items for the process analysis. By automating the retrieval of significant data from EHR can be also used for knowledge bases filling. Moreover, the proposed method is developed during the study of actual Russian language medical data of Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients from the current specialized medical center which also valuable. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated in the course of correlation analysis of comorbidities on the treatment duration of ACS and in the case of extracted data using to develop process models with complexity metrics at the control-flow perspective of process mining techniques.

One of the stages of emergency medical care in case of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) (if there are medical conditions for surgical intervention) is directly linked to the time between the first contact with the patient and the and inflating the balloon in the coronary artery (in a medical institution). Time of the operation start a medical facility depends on the time of patient delivery to hospital, as well as on the waiting time in the queue in the institution. This paper describes a development of ambulance model for obtaining aggregate estimation of these two periods of time. The estimation time is obtained by means of described in the article the decision support system (DSS) in the ambulance service. Unlike modern navigation systems DSS takes into account ambulance vehicle behavior (the ability to exit into oncoming traffic) and availability of free operation rooms. With the help of the described simulation model of the ambulance service we carried out the time distribution analysis (between the first contact with the patient and surgical intervention in case of ACS) in St. Petersburg, Russia. Simulation scenario uses real data on the work of ambulance service in the city.

De-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may occur for a variety of reasons, including side effects (bleeding and non-bleeding) and costs. This study sought to assess the prevalence of de-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel and the occurrence of adverse clinical outcomes following de-escalation. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and real-world studies in ACS patients treated with ticagrelor. Real-world data on the prevalence of de-escalation during hospitalization or at discharge, after hospital discharge, and during the whole study period were included for meta-analysis. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding events occurring after de-escalation were also assessed. A total of 12 studies were eligible for meta-analysis of the prevalence of de-escalation. De-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel therapy occurred with a mean prevalence of 19.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2–28.4%]. De-escalation occurred more frequently in-hospital or at discharge than after hospital discharge (23.7% vs. 15.8%). For assessment of clinical outcomes, a total of six studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Mean rate of MACE for patients with de-escalation was 2.1% (95% CI 1.1–4.1%) and the rate of major bleeding events was 1.3% (95% CI 0.4–4.5%). In conclusion, de-escalation commonly occurs in real-world practice. Although rates of major cardiovascular and bleeding events in this analysis were generally low, the profile of patients suitable for de-escalation, the impact of de-escalation on adverse clinical outcomes and how this is affected by the timing after index ACS warrants further large-scale investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-019-01860-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This article describes the results of multidisciplinary research in the areas of analysis and modeling of complex processes of treatment on the example of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to develop tools and methods for the analysis of highly variable processes. In the course of the study, methods and algorithms for processing large volumes of various and semi-structured series data of medical information systems were developed. Moreover, the method for predicting treatment events has been developed. Treatment graph and algorithms of community detection and machine learning method are applied. The use of graphs and machine learning methods has expanded the capabilities of process mining for a better understanding of the complex process of medical care. Moreover, the algorithms for parallel computing using CUDA for graph calculation is developed. The improved methods and algorithms are considered in the corresponding developed visualization tool for complex treatment processes analysis.

In the paper the basis for the use of the LED light sources in the space greenhouses is described. It is shown that the change in the spectral composition and the intensity of the radiation will reduce the electricity consumption of the irradiation facilities. The unicellular alga "Chlorella" and the greenhouse lettuce "Afitsion" were chosen as prototype models. On the basis of the experiments conducted, the basic principles of the irradiator’s energy efficiency that can be applied in the space greenhouses were defined.

The paper provides data on the structures and specifications of laser printers for 3D metal printing. The printers were engineered in Research and Educational Center "Modern manufacturing technologies" in Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia. The essential difference of the given printers is their laser power. The experimental research has shown that the setups with a more powerful laser (500W) enable synthesizing the objects of higher quality in a shorter period of time. The paper also presents data on forming samples structure with the use of 3D printing.

The given paper presents the flowchart of the worked out SLS print setup. The setup consists of a laser source, a reactor tube, a laser sweeping system (scanatory system), a control unit, a gas supply and pumping-out system, a melting process visual review system. The paper covers the results of the given setup operation, introduces a sample made with the use of SLS printing and some of its parameters.

The article reports the results of the experiment studied the effect of radiation spectral content (considering its equal intensity in terms of photosynthetically active radiation) on the growth and development of Boets greenhouse tomato breed. We have shown that the effective development of model subjects requires the adaptation of radiation spectral content depending on the growth period and type of a plant, unlike the illumination level. The obtained results demonstrate the necessity of creating an adaptive irradiation unit.

Nowadays, Mn4+-doped oxide phosphors have attracted more and more attentions owing to their widespread applications in white LEDs, optical data storage and agricultural production, but these phosphors have two most significant problems including thermal quenching (TQ) and low quantum efficiency. Here, we report a far-red-emitting LaAlO3:3%Ca2+,1%Bi3+,0.1%Mn4+ perovskite phosphor which exhibits zero-TQ even up to 150 °C and high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 89.3%. To our best knowledge, the zero-TQ phenomenon is first realized in Mn4+-activated perovskite phosphors caused by the synergistic action of Ca2+ and Bi3+ which is attributed to the efficient energy transfer, energy compensation and structural rigidity enhancement. Moreover, the gratifying luminous performance improvement is obtained due to charge compensation effect, optimized crystal field and excited electrons transfer. The main emission peak of this phosphor is monitored at ~730 nm which perfectly matches the absorption spectrum of phytochrome PFR which has a good application prospect for improving plant seed germination, flowering, fruiting and aging. These findings may provide a feasible way to simultaneously improve thermal stability and quantum efficiency of Mn4+ luminescence in oxide hosts.

The effect of different optical wavelengths on growth and development of microalgae had been examined repeatedly. Many articles had been published over the subject, although the results of these investigations were frequently controversial. Depending on the number of days spent on cultivation process, yield gain could be both significant and barely noticeable. Also, irradiation intensity plays vital part in microalgae functioning.

Three-dimensional simulation of light fields in the photobioreactor for Chlorella cultivation was performed. It was shown, that light flux reduced due to the increase of optical density and growth of microalgae cells concentration. According to the fact that light intensity is an important factor, affecting growth rate and development of microalgae cells, process automation and light flux increase in dependence to Chlorella cells gain are needed to be introduced [1-3].

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The paper presents the early results of the work aimed towards the development of the concept of clinical decision support system (CDSS). The concept is based on the complex hospital-level model for enhancement of the decision making process. The proposed conceptual architecture incorporates various classes of models and supports of the decision making for more complicated problems taking into account hospital-level activities. The proposed concept is now implemented in the CDSS at Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Center.

Effective treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients depends on the transportation time to a hospital. But selection of an optimal route and target hospital for an ambulance within a large city is a complex problem. It requires taking into account the dynamical nature of an urban environment. Such dynamic factors as traffic flow, changing road graph, population mobility, and hospital capabilities are sources of uncertainty in decision making on hospitalization, and eventually they influence the functioning quality of emergency medical services (EMS) in a city. This work is devoted to the analysis of this problem for the city of Saint-Petersburg (Russia) with the use of statistical data, public geographic information services (OpenStreetMap), and real-time data on traffic flow (Yandex.Maps). It is shown that dynamic traffic conditions influence selection of a hospital and have to be considered within the task of ambulance routing. The results may be applied in order to design a more efficient EMS decision support system for ambulance personnel and dispatchers.

Structures with a triangular or triaxial plan existed in Europe as early as in the Middle Ages, but they got extremely widespread in times of Baroque. In Russia first designs of triangular churches appeared in the first half of the 18th century. First triangular churches were built in Moscow in the 1770s. The Church of Our Lady of Vladimir in the estate Vinogradovo (1772–1777) and the Church of St. George in-the-Fields [“na vspol’e”] (1779–1788, has not survived) on the Malaia-Nikitskaya street are associated with V. I. Bazhenov. Neufforge’s project of “The Temple of War” and the projects of triangular churches by L. C. Sturm were prototypes for both buildings. The typology of triaxial centric churches developed in two directions. The 1st line directly used the centric type of triangular buildings, sometimes with emphasizing the corner rotundas. The 2nd line went along the way of combining the centric core of three rotundas and longitudinally oriented refectory [“trapeznaya”] with a bell tower. The main building of this group is the Church of Stt. Cosmas & Damian on Maroseyka street (1790–1803, M. F. Kazakov). In this Assay it is shown how the unusual type of triaxial centric churches became fairly widespread in Russia at the turn of 18th–19th centuries, due to copying popular iconographic models.