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The publication introduces a document identified in the collection of B.N. Rubinstein at the International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. The cited sketch, written in a friendly manner on the occasion of celebrating the 15th birthday of I.P. Ladyzhnikovs publishing house in Berlin, describes several important episodes of the work of Russias commercial firm abroad (at the time), which was closely associated with the underground activities of the RSDLPs Bolshevik faction. The author provides an overview of the history of I.P. Ladyzhnikovs publishing house, as well as certain facts to prove that this sketch is a reliable historical source.

The article is devoted to the study of the propagation of elastic waves in a fractured seismic medium by methods of mathematical modeling. The results obtained during it are compared with the results of physical modeling on similar models. For mathematical modeling, the grid-characteristic method with hybrid schemes of 1-3 orders with approximation on structural rectangular grids is used. The ability to specify inhomogeneities (fractures) of various complex shapes and spatial orientations has been implemented. The description of the developed mathematical models of fractures, which can be used for the numerical solution of exploration seismology problems, is given. The developed models are based on the concept of an infinitely thin fracture, the size of the opening of which does not affect the wave processes in the fracture area. In this model, fractures are represented by boundaries and contact boundaries with different conditions on their surfaces. This approach significantly reduces the need for computational resources by eliminating the need to define a mesh inside the fracture. On the other hand, it allows you to specify in detail the shape of fractures in the integration domain, therefore, using the considered approach, one can observe qualitatively new effects, such as the formation of diffracted waves and a multiphase wavefront due to multiple reflections between the surfaces, which are inaccessible for observation when using effective fracture models actively used in computational seismic. The obtained results of mathematical modeling were verified by physical modeling methods, and a good agreement was obtained.

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of compensation for damage in the absence of a specific injurer through investigating two problems of international law related to the formation of space debris and pollution of the World Ocean. Theoretical analysis. Acts of international law and the actual increase in the amount of space debris and the level of pollution of the World Ocean are studied, and proposals to reduce threats to space flights and marine bioresources are made. Results. The article concludes that there is no single and universal solution to the problems, despite the revealed similarity of the considered cases (the lack of evidence of the harm-causing subject). Such decisions should have not only a legal aspect (the development of new international conventions), but also an economic aspect (the creation of special environmental funds) and an organizational aspect (the expansion of the competence of international bodies). Separately, the article emphasizes that solving these problems will require increasing level of environmental and legal culture of public authorities, businesses and the population.

The article examines the main stages in the development of environmental and legal ter-minology and analyzes crucial terminology discussions. The authors conclude that terminology issues are among the key issues when discussing the effectiveness of the legal regulatory mechanism. The achievement of the goals and objectives set before the relevant legislation act depends on how adequately the legal terminology in-laws represents the social phenomena and processes to be legally regulated. The study of environmental and legal terminology shows that over the past decades, some key terminology problems of environmental law have been resolved. In particular, the article gives a detailed analysis of the discussions about the name of the branch of environmental law, recognition of a person not only as a subject but also as an object of environmental legal relations, the correlation of the categories of "envi-ronmental protection" and "environmental safety”. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of modern environmental and legal ter-minology. They prove that modern environmental legislation deals with as many as three terminological models used by the legislators. The first model covers land, subsoil, water, forests, air, wildlife i.e. the components of the natural environment, but not natural objects (federal law “On Environmental Protection”, federal laws "On the Animal World", "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air"). The second model covers the subsoil - neither a component of the natural environment nor natural object (due to the absence of a terminology article in the Russian Law on subsoil). The third model covers land and forests - natural objects and natural resources, but not components of the environment (in case of water objects by way of doctrinal interpretation, it can be assumed that the law includes water into the category of "natural environment components" as "the most important constituent part of the environment"). Proposals are made to optimize environmental and legal terminology and to eliminate the identified conflicts of laws. Given that the development of environmental law continues, there is an objective need to set new legal tasks conditioned by the deterioration of the environment in Russia and the world (e.g. climate change and environmental terrorism). To solve these new tasks, it is necessary to further improve environmental and legal ter-minology, to discuss new definitions that adequately reflect the legal reality. The improve-ment of the quality of environmental and legal definitions, enhancement of systematicity of environmental and legal terminology in the discussed drafts of the Ecological Code of the Russian Federation will enable us not only to sum up the terminological discussions of recent years but also to take into account new standards of legal technology that will improve the quality of legal regulation.

The work aims to study the global trend of digital technologies in agricultural production, which has characterised the last decade. The methodology of work consisted of materialist dialectic, historical, logical, functional and systemic methods, as well as formal legal and comparative-legal approaches. Based on them, the theory and practice of digitalisation of agriculture in Russia and the leading foreign countries of the world are analysed. The result of the analysis is a justification for proposals to amend existing legislation to consolidate the results achieved and create conditions for the development of digital agriculture in the future. There is a need to create economic incentives for digital developers, infrastructure development measures that promote digital technologies, develop the market for such technologies, financial support for rural producers et al. Institutional issues include streamlining the use of uncrewed vehicles, mapping of rural areas and preventive measures to combat unemployment. The conclusion contains recommendations to optimise the implementation of activities in the field of digitalisation of agriculture. It is justified that along with financial and organisational costs, the implementation of the Digital Agriculture project will require the involvement of the business community, which will provide software development, including applications to smartphones, manufacture of agricultural robots, drones, sensors, et al.

Biological systems typically exhibit multimode oscillations and generate signals demonstrating a coexistence of rhythmic components. The coexistence of independent modes often leads to various forms of their interaction and entrainment. Difficulties of experimental studies of interaction phenomena are often caused by the nonstationarity of available biological data and by the resolution abilities of a numerical technique being used. Thus, time-varying methods have some limitations in resolving the modes whose frequencies are quite close. In our work we investigate opportunities of the wavelet-analysis in the study of coexisting rhythmic processes. Using chirp-signals we demonstrate how the possibility to estimate the instantaneous frequency depends on the rate of its change. Further, we show how the wavelet-based approach provide information about interaction phenomena in kidney autoregulation. We report clear distinctions in the autoregulation mechanisms for normotensive and hypertensive rats.

В работе рассмотрены условия выполнения задачи тактическими подразделениями в условиях современного общевойскового боя. Проведен анализ опыта применения комплексов с беспилотными летательными аппаратами. На основании анализа материалов открытых источников рассмотрены имеющиеся на вооружении в армиях иностранных государств, а также перспективные разведывательно-ударные беспилотные летательные аппараты одноразового применения. Изучены режимы полета беспилотных летательных аппаратов различного назначения, определены значения основных параметров. Представлены варианты тактических действий комплекса, имеющего в составе разведывательные и ударные беспилотные летательные аппараты. Проанализированы различные режимы наведения ударного беспилотного летательного аппарата на цель. Рассмотрена опасность зенитного огня и предложены способы преодоления ПВО. Обосновано включение в комплект вооружения подразделения разведывательно-ударного комплекса с беспилотными летательными аппаратами одноразового применения модульной конструкции. Сформулированы задачи для дальнейшей работы в этом направлении