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ABSTRACT Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of nanoparticles’ use in the treatment of prostate cancer in animals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, and the descriptors were chosen based on terms indexed in Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS)/Medical Subject Headings (MESH), which are: nanoparticles, nanomedicine, and prostate cancer. The systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with ID CRD42021271008. Results: A total of 3,897 articles was chosen; after reading the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six scientific articles with themes involving nanoparticles carrying medications were reached. Among the nanoparticles found, there were carboxymethylcellulose polymer, micellar casein nanoparticles, liquid crystal nanoparticles, serum albumin nanoparticles, and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide (mPEG-PLA) conjugated nanoparticles encapsulating cabazitaxel, docetaxel, and flutamide, which were nanoparticles used to treat prostate cancer in animals. Conclusions: Through using nanoparticles to encapsulate medications for treating prostate cancer in animals, studies show a decrease in weight and tumor reduction, with nanoparticles resulting in greater survival time than free medications. The improved permeability and retention effect of nanoparticles in the bloodstream contribute to their effectiveness.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of three different instruments in the root canals of artificial primary molars as well as the quality of the fillings. Methods: Sixty artificial primary molars were divided into three groups of 20 teeth. Each group was submitted to a different technique: Group 1 - conventional manual technique using Kerr files; Group 2 - manual technique with nickel-titanium files; Group 3 - NiTi rotary technique. The root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Aspects such as homogeneity of the fillings, taper and flowability of the preparations were considered comparatively to assess the quality of the instrumentations. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the efficiency of the preparation of the root canal considering the preparation times of them. Results: All three techniques were equally effective at shaping the root canals of primary teeth. The working time was shorter with the rotary instrument (p=0.000). In the pairwise comparisons, working time was shorter with the rotary instrument compared to the manual techniques with steel files (p=0.000) and NiTi files (p=0.000). Comparing the manual techniques, the working time was shorter with NiTi files compared to steel files (p=0.011). Moreover, less variability in the preparation time was found when the rotary instrument was used. Conclusions: The mechanized rotary method led to a shorter operating time in comparison to the manual techniques and is therefore a preferable option for the preparation of the root canals of primary teeth.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the change in the eating habits of Brazilian athletes during the Coronavirus pandemic. Through a structured online questionnaire, 249 athletes with at least 10 years of practice and/or at least one call by the Brazilian team of their respective modality had their answers analyzed. There was a decrease in the frequency of consumption of vegetables considering the consumption category “5 or more days a week”, with 137 athletes (55.0%) before the pandemic and 113 athletes (45.4%) during the Coronavirus pandemic (p0.05). In conclusion, the study data demonstrate that Brazilian elite athletes showed changes in eating habits as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic. This fact draws attention, since if maintained for prolonged or intensified periods, the observed changes could be characterized by the worsening of the dietary profile of Brazilian athletes.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of body size, skeletal age, and motor performance variables with technical actions through an ecological model during small-sided soccer games, and the interaction of biological maturation with technical and motor performance in young players. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-two young players (14.4 ±1.1 years), belonging to state-level soccer teams and divided by category (U-13 and U-15), were included. Players having an injury in the evaluation period were not included in the study. Measurements of body size, skeletal age (SA), motor tests, and technical actions in small-sided games (SSG) were performed (3×3 plus goalkeeper) in two periods (halves) of four minutes. Differences between age groups were found for SA (ES = -2.36), chronological age (ES = -3.89), body mass (ES = -2.09), height (ES = -1.90), and fat-free mass (ES = -2.09). Positive associations were found between body size (R = 0.43 to R = 0.48) and manipulation (R = 0.50 to R = 0.52) indicators and numbers of technical actions (CB and SS), except for stature with LB (R = -0.42) in the U-13 age group. In the U-15 category, skeletal age (R = -0.29 to R = -0.30) and body mass (R = -0.28 to R = -0.29) were negatively associated with the number of technical actions (RB, NB, LB, and OB) (P > 0.05) and positively with the balance with LB (R = 0.26). In conclusion, body size, SA, and motor performance influenced technical actions in SSG differentially in each category. U-13 heavier players and those with a better motor performance presented higher involvement due to the higher.

Para obtenção de maiores produtividades em lavouras de soja, o uso de novos produtos, a exemplo dos biofertilizantes, tem tido boa aceitação pelos produtores, seja para aplicação via solo ou foliar. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos biofertilizantes comerciais VitaComplex® (a base de melaço de cana-de-açucar + aminoácidos) e AminoVita® (a base de ácido cítrico, sacarídeos e resíduos de abate de animais) em caracteres agronômicos e produtividade da soja. Os produtos foram aplicados via foliar em estádios vegetativos e reprodutivos. Foram avaliados a altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, SPAD, carbono orgânico foliar (C.O) e produtividade. Diâmetro de caule altura, índice SPAD e C.O não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas em função das doses testadas. Para produtividade, houveram ganhos de até 1,78 t ha-1, quando comparado ao tratamento controle. Tanto a aplicação individual ou em conjunto dos produtos testados ocasionaram aumentos na produtividade de soja.

Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg−1 min−1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.

Differentiated brain activation in high-performance athletes supports neuronal mechanisms relevant to sports performance. Preparation for the motor action involves cortical and sub-cortical regions that can be non-invasively modulated by electrical current stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on electrical brain activity in professional female basketball players during free-throw shooting. Successful free-throw shooting (n = 2,361) from seven professional female basketball players was analyzed during two experimental conditions (HD-tDCS cathodic and sham) separated by 72 h. Three spectral bio-markers, Power Ratio Index (PRI), Delta Alpha Ratio (DAR), and Theta Beta Ratio (TBR) were measured (electroencephalography [EEG] Brain Products). Multi-channel HD-tDCS was applied for 20 min, considering current location and intensity for cathodic stimulation: FCC1h, AFF5h, AFF1h (−0.5 mA each), and FCC5h (ground). The within EEG analyses (pre and post HD-tDCS) of frontal channels (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, FC1, FC3) for 1 second epoch pre-shooting, showed increases in PRI (p < 0.001) and DAR (p < 0.001) for HD-tDCS cathodic condition, and in TBR for both conditions (cathodic, p = 0.01; sham, p = 0.002). Sub-group analysis divided the sample into less (n = 3; LSG) and more (n = 4; MSG) stable free-throw-shooting performers and revealed that increases in pre to post HD-tDCS in PRI only occurred for the LSG. These results suggest that the effect of HD-tDCS may induce changes in slow frontal frequency brain activities and that this alteration seems to be greater for players demonstrating a less stable free-throw shooting performance.

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to quantify and characterize the Training Load (TL) in a Functional Training (FT) model using Heart Rate (HR) and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) methods, and to verify whether these methods could be valid to monitor the TL during a FT program. Methods: The study design consisted of two phases: phase 1 - composed of a single training session of FT (FTSESSION), in which HR, sRPE, and pre- and post-exercise lactate [La] levels were assessed; phase 2 - composed of a FT program (FTPROGRAM) with eight weeks of duration and two sessions per week. The HR and SRPE were utilized to monitor all training sessions, and the results between sessions 1 vs. 8, 8 vs. 9, and 9 vs. 16 were compared. Results: On phase 1, HR distribution demonstrated that the participants spent about 75% of the total training time above 80% HRmax. Post-exercise [La] values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than pre-exercise. The mean sRPE score was 8.5 ± 1.2. In phase 2, HR distribution was different between sessions 1-8 and 8-9 (p < 0.05). A strong correlation (r = 0.790) between the internal training load (ITL) and Training impulse (TRIMP) was observed. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the FTSESSION can be characterized as a high-intensity exercise, based on the pattern of HR responses and sRPE, and was reinforced by the [Lapeak]. Also, the TL monitoring methods (sRPE and TRIMP) proved to be valid for monitoring FT programs.

This study examined the influence of birth date, salivary testosterone [sT] concentration, sexual maturity status, and general strength on the selection process of an elite Brazilian soccer club during a 12-month period, which was a 2nd phase of a 24-month selection process. The stature, body mass, sT, sexual maturity status [Tanner scale], and hand grip strength were assessed for 143 players during 2 weeks. From these 143 players, 100 players were dismissed [DIS] and 43 players were selected to integrate the club’s under-14 squad. Following 1-year training period, the under-14 team was assembled with 9 players designated as starters [STA], and then, comparisons were conducted taking into account a group of non-starters (selected; SEL = 34 players) and STA (n = 09). The DIS, SEL, STA players, and reference population, were compared for birth distribution. A greater proportion of players was born in the first trimester in the STA [75.0%], SEL [57.1%] and DIS [50.0%] groups compared to the reference population [25.8%]. One-way ANOVA showed a higher sT for STA group [516.0 ± 129.9 pmol·L-1], compared to SEL [415.5 ± 117.9 pmol·L-1] and DIS groups [390.9 ± 84.9 pmol·L-1; p = 0.003), and Kruskall-Wallis test showed a higher gonadal development for STA compared to DIS [p = 0.001]. The current findings suggest a strong influence of birth date and biological maturation on young soccer players selection process. Soccer coaches should consider these influences when making decisions about player selection of elite youth players.

Objective: To perform an in vivo evaluation on the agreement between measurements of working length obtained by conventional radiographic examinations and an apex locator in deciduous teeth with or without root resorption. Material and Methods: Nine canals of teeth from children ranging from 3 to 5 years old were selected. Endodontic access was performed with a spherical diamond tip, the pulp was removed with Kerr-type steel files, and the canal was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. A file, compatible with the channel gauge, was then used to measure the length of the root canal with the apex locator. Conventional radiographs were also performed and, using a millimeter endodontic ruler, the length of the canal was determined. The differences between the measurements obtained between the two methods were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: The mean canal length for conventional radiography was 9.83 mm and 9.67 mm for the apex locator. The results of this study did not show significant differences (p=0.641), independent of the presence or absence of physiological root resorption. Conclusion: The similarity in measurements obtained with X-ray or an apex locator indicates that it is not necessary to use X-rays as a complement to obtain the working length. The use of the apex locator can provide a quicker treatment, reducing the clinical time and stress of the child.

Objective: To discover the perceptions of pediatric patients, their parents and undergraduate Dentistry students of the use of the diode laser in frenectomy surgeries. Material and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed with subsequent content analysis. Twelve healthy children (5-8 years old) who needed a frenectomy were selected and invited, together with their parents, to undergo laser diode surgery. In addition, 28 undergraduate dentistry students were invited to attend the procedures. One week after performing the surgical procedures, the children (Group 1), their parents (Group 2) and the students who attended the procedures (Group 3) were individually interviewed for the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis of the conversations identified three emerging contents: positive thoughts on the use of diode laser; frustrations from the use of diode laser; and aspects related to professional training. Conclusion: The results pointed to the acceptance of surgical laser use in pediatric dentistry; however, the feelings of frustration indicate that its use requires guidance from the child and his/her parents, in addition to careful handling and specific training.

Objective: To evaluate the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) in infected deciduous teeth by quantifying the viable bacteria in root canal treatment. Material and Methods: Radicular canal cultures were collected (n= 10). Four intra-canal samples were collected at four different times in each of the sampled teeth, as follows: Time 1 (T1), baseline: After opening the pulp-chamber; Time 2 (T2): After application of aPDT; Time 3 (T3): After mechanical, chemical manipulation; Time 4 (T4): After a second application of aPDT. The aPDT was performed with a 4J/cm energy low-intensity diode, together with 0.005% methylene blue as a photosensitizer. The clinical specimens were taken to the laboratory for a bacteria count (colony forming units) and the results were statistically analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Statistical differences were seen between the numbers of bacteria at times T1-T2, T1-T3 and T1-T4 on the cultivated plates. However, no significant statistical differences were observed between the number of bacteria in samples T2-T3, T2-T4 and T3-T4. Conclusion: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can be a good co-adjuvant in root canal decontamination of necrotic primary teeth.

Sistemas inteligentes estão ligados principalmente ao ato de trazer cada vez mais suporte às pessoas. Atualmente nota-se o uso crescente de elementos relacionados à capacidade de aprendizado de máquinas, ou seja, Inteligência Artificial (IA). Em IA, destacam-se os chatbots, agentes personalizados e virtuais com certo nível emocional e cognitivo, normalmente presentes em sistemas colaborativos, sociais ou de aprendizagem, a fim de oferecer algum serviço com interação persistente e fortemente relacional aos usuários. Desenvolver tal agente não é trivial pois deve fornecer uma comunicação consistente e imersiva, aplicando várias técnicas complexas de processamento, compreensão e geração de linguagem natural, bem como, classificação de entidades, objetivos, auto-recuperação para evitar inconsistências de conversa e perda de contexto, dentre outros. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta web que permite ao usuário desenvolver, treinar e personalizar seu agente virtual de chatbot. Este agente faz uso de dois modelos de treinamento e obtenção de respostas baseado nos modelos de recuperação e generativo, construídos sob redes neurais que manipulam uma base de dados definida pelo usuário. A ferramenta foi testada e avaliada visando qualificar sua acurácia, a qual demonstrou atingir seus objetivos, bem como, permitir a criação de um chatbot personalizado.

The building sector has traditionally accounted for about 40% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as compared to other end-use sectors. Due to this fact, as part of the global effort towards decarbonization, significant resources have been placed on the development of technologies, such as active buildings, in an attempt to achieve reductions in the respective CO2 emissions. Given the uncertainty around the future level of the corresponding CO2 emissions, this work presents an approach based on machine learning to generate forecasts until the year 2050. Several algorithms, such as linear regression, ARIMA, and shallow and deep neural networks, can be used with this approach. In this context, forecasts are produced for different regions across the world, including Brazil, India, China, South Africa, the United States, Great Britain, the world average, and the European Union. Finally, an extensive sensitivity analysis on hyperparameter values as well as the application of a wide variety of metrics are used for evaluating the algorithmic performance.

The small-sided, conditioned or reduced games refer to an instructional activity in which coach organizes the practice by reducing the complexity of the learning subject to the formal game. This study investigated the learning of rugby passing based on the practice of different small-sided games. Participants were 31 individuals of both sexes (23.0 ± 4.0 yr.) with no experience with rugby. The design involved three groups according to the practice/training format: 2 vs. 0, 1 + 1 vs. 1 and 2 vs. 1. The acquisition phase was carried out in three consecutive days with the performance of 60 trials of passing to the right side and 60 trials to the left side. The transfer phase was held on the last day by performing 20 trials. Performance measures involved passing direction, passing accuracy, running direction, passing zone and overall performance. Results showed that the 1 + 1 vs. 1 group was the only one that improved performance regarding the direction and accuracy of the pass in the acquisition phase and kept it in the transfer test. It was concluded that the small-sided game 1 + 1 vs. 1 made the learning of rugby passing possible.

O presente trabalho objetivou examinar a associação entre a síndrome de fragilidade e a percepção de problemas em indicadores de atributos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) entre idosos brasileiros. É um estudo transversal envolvendo 5.432 participantes, com 60 anos ou mais, da primeira onda do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), realizado entre 2015 e 2016. A fragilidade, variável independente, foi definida com base no marco teórico do fenótipo de fragilidade, e os indicadores de problemas em atributos da APS, variáveis dependentes, foram obtidos baseando-se em perguntas relacionadas ao uso de serviços de saúde. Acesso, longitudinalidade, coordenação, integralidade, orientação familiar e adequação cultural foram os atributos avaliados. Utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística ajustados por fatores predisponentes, facilitadores e de necessidade de uso de serviços de saúde para a análise dos dados. Entre os participantes, 55,1% eram do sexo feminino, 57,9% tinham entre 60 e 69 anos e 51,8% referiram multimorbidade. Idosos frágeis e pré-frágeis representaram 13,4% e 54,5% da amostra, respectivamente. Resultados da análise multivariada mostraram que os idosos frágeis em comparação com os robustos apresentaram mais chances de apontar problemas de acesso (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 1,08-1,93), longitudinalidade (OR = 1,54; IC95%: 1,19-2,00) e integralidade (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 1,14-1,85), além de maior número de problemas em atributos da APS (OR = 1,38; IC95%: 1,05-1,82, para 5 ou mais). O estudo sugere a ocorrência de iniquidades na assistência prestada pela APS brasileira aos idosos frágeis, particularmente no âmbito dos atributos acesso, longitudinalidade e integralidade.

Resumo Introdução A saúde bucal das populações indígenas brasileiras foi historicamente negligenciada. Recentemente tem sido dada atenção especial por meio da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal Indígena. No entanto, muito pouco ainda se sabe a respeito da realidade epidemiológica bucal dessas populações, em especial no Sul do Brasil. Objetivo Investigar a situação de saúde bucal dos índios guaranis. Método Estudo transversal realizado em 19 aldeias, totalizando 203 sujeitos. Foram utilizados os métodos de pesquisa da OMS. Resultados O CPOD médio aos 12 anos e na faixa etária de 15-19 anos foi de 1,3 e 3,4, respectivamente. Em adultos, a média foi de 11,55, com componente perdido (P) de 69,3%. Entre idosos, o CPOD foi de 18,6. O ceo foi significativamente maior nas mulheres (p < 0,05) aos 5 anos. A presença de cálculo foi a condição periodontal mais prevalente em todas as idades. Entre as crianças, 91% apresentaram padrão normal de oclusão. Padrões aceitáveis de fluorose foram encontrados em 91,4% dos indivíduos do grupo de 15-19 anos. A higiene bucal e o uso de pasta fluoretada foram relatados por 95%. Conclusão A população indígena guarani da região Sul do Brasil apresentou alguns indicadores de saúde bucal melhores do que os relatados no inquérito epidemiológico de saúde bucal de 2010. O CPOD médio em diferentes idades foi menor no povo guarani do que na população em geral. O acesso a itens de higiene bucal e a serviços de saúde pode explicar alguns desses resultados. Esses dados são importantes para o planejamento de ações de saúde para essa população.

The aim of the current study was to analyze players’ interactions in serve and serve return situations and examine the way points were decided due to players’ positions and surfaces. Fourteen ATP 1000 tournament matches were analyzed (7 on hard surface; 7 on clay surface). The type of surface did not affect the way points ended (χ²=9.26; p > 0.05) but did influence serve return vertical positioning (χ²=270.86; p < 0.001). The return positioning, both lateral (χ²=92.68; p < 0.001 on deuce side - χ² = 78.98; p < 0.001 on advantage side) and vertical (χ²=33.59; p < 0.001), and the type of serve (χ²=45.13; p < 0.001) affected the way points were decided. The results from the present study suggest that tennis players should use, or at least seek, strategies based on aggressiveness and consistency of the 1st serve and also indicate that in the 2nd serve return, players are more offensive, and that on hard surfaces, players stand a few steps inside the court to return the serve, differently from clay surfaces. It recommended that serve returns should combine aggression, by inside the court positioning, and accuracy.

Abstract Aim: The aim was to compare performance in specific-skill tests and motor coordination between groups with different technical efficiency and verify possible variables related to specific skills and motor coordination that contribute to discriminate players into high- and low-technical efficiency. Methods: The sample consisted of 82 young soccer players (12-15 years). Body size, bone age, motor performance tests, soccer-specific skill tests, and frequency of technical actions in SSG were analyzed. Statistic cluster-derived ANOVA F was used to identify which variables related to technical action most contributed to classifying subjects with similar performance. Discriminant analysis (Stepwise Method) was used to verify which predictor variables discriminated players into groups of low- and high-frequency technical actions in SSG. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The group of high technical efficiency presented better performance in motor tests, shuttle run (P = 0.04; ES = −0.55), jumping laterally (P = 0.02; ES = 0.58), kicking speed (P = 0.03; ES = 0.60), soccer-specific skill tests, leading the ball in a straight line (LBSL) (P = 0.01; ES = −0.75), and zig-zag ball control (ZZBC) (P = 0.04; ES = −0.55); variable leading the ball in a straight line correctly discriminated 60% of players into high- and low-frequency groups. Conclusion: The frequency of technical actions in SSG was poorly influenced by motor performance and specific skill tests, and only the LBSL test correctly classified players of different frequencies of technical actions in SSG.

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19.Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders.Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders.Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.

The understanding of fatigue development during Archery competition would guide sports scientists, coaches and athletes on how to optimize the training routines of athletes from different competitive levels. This study investigated the effect of expertise level on physiological responses, during simulated archery competition (double-round 70m, 12 series, 6 arrows for an elite Brazilian Archer (EA) and a Novice Archer (NA). Ratings of perceived exertion, blood lactate and glucose, handgrip strength and electromyography were registered at the beginning, after each set from the 2nd to the 12tharrow and, 30-min after the competition simulation. The EA showed a greater handgrip strength for both arms, a constant lower mean RMS value (Baseline 0.279V and 12th set 0.221V, -20.7%), and a stable MF value throughout the competition (Baseline 146Hz to 12th set 140Hz). The NA showed a smaller handgrip strength, an increase in RMS after the 6th set towards the end of the competition (Baseline 0.387V, 6th 0.576V, and 12th set 0.720V, +46.2%) and a minor decrease in MF from the 6th to the end of 12th set (2nd set 122Hz, 4th set 127Hz, 6th set 112Hz and 12th set 117Hz, - 4.1%). In summary, all the fatigue-related markers showed a mild response to the Archery competition simulation, although a greater magnitude was observed in the NA, compared to the EA. This study reported the physiologic demands of an Archery simulated competition, in an official format, allowing coaches and sport scientists to draw more confident decisions on competition strategy and training design.

The purpose of this study is to develop a predictive model that increases the accuracy of business operational planning using data from a small business. By using Machine Learning (ML) techniques feature expansion, resampling, and combination techniques, it was possible to address several existing limitations in the available research. Then, the use of the novel technique of feature engineering allowed us to increase the accuracy of the model by finding 10 new features derived from the original ones and constructed automatically through the nonlinear relationships found between them. Finally, we built a rule-based classifier to predict the store's revenue with high accuracy. The results show the proposed approach open new possibilities for ML research applied to small and medium businesses.

As cooperativas médicas Operadoras de Planos de Saúde brasileiras, estão sujeitas, como toda e qualquer Operadora de Plano de Saúde, aos riscos inerentes ao mercado de Planos de Saúde Suplementar, além de uma rígida regulação deste segmento tão importante aos brasileiros. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo, tem como objetivo identificar dentre os modelos de insolvência comumente aplicados às empresas, qual teria o melhor desempenho em prever a Insolvência de Cooperativas Médicas Operadoras de Planos de Saúde. Como base de dados, foram utilizadas as demonstrações financeiras das Cooperativas Médicas Brasileiras que enviaram dados à Agência Nacional de Saúde (ANS) no período de 2010 a 2017, totalizando a média de 310 instituições por ano. Foram aplicados 6 modelos clássicos de previsão de Insolvência. Como resultado, os modelos com melhor desempenho, foram: O proposto por Matias, Altman, Baidya e Dias e em seguida Guimarães e Alves. Os modelos apresentaram forte equiparação de análises focados no trabalho com destaque para o modelo que tinha tecnicamente regressão logística direcionado a análise de Operadoras de Planos de Saúde (OPS). Porém apresentando baixa sensibilidade em classificação de insolventes, necessitando analisar este outro ponto com outro modelo mais aderente ao processo.

ABSTRACT Objective: The testosterone:cortisol ratio (T:C) is suggested to be used in order to examine whether physical exercise generates either a “catabolic environment” or an “anabolic environment”. The present study aims to evaluate the acute time-course profile of cortisol and testosterone due to an episode of physical exercise. A biphasic profile in the T:C ratio response was hypothesized. Materials and methods: Morning sessions of treadmill running at two different intensities (Heart Rate at 65% and 80% of the maximum cardiac reserve) were performed by 6 male non-runners (NR) and 12 trained male runners (subdivided into trained runners T1 and T2). Cortisol and testosterone were measured in saliva. NR and T1 ran for 30 minutes at both intensities, and T2 ran for 46 minutes (± 4.1) at 65% and 42 minutes (± 3.5) at 80%. Results: In the 80% heart rate target, both groups of runners showed the biphasic time-profile, while the non-runners group did not. However, at the 65% level, none of the groups presented the hypothesized biphasic response. Conclusions: A biphasic time-profile in the testosterone:cortisol ratio can be seen in short-bout, high intensity exercise (treadmill running) during the morning in men trained for this specific physical activity.

Recent episodes of natural disasters have challenged the resilience of power grids. Adequate distribution grid planning that properly captures the risk aversion of the utility system planner is a key factor to increase the flexibility of distribution networks to circumvent these events. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine the optimal portfolio of investments in lines and storage devices in order to minimize a convex combination between expected value and CVaR of operational costs, including energy not served, while taking into account the multistage nature of the energy storage management within this context. While the expected value of energy not served has been traditionally employed to tackle routine failures, we also minimize the CVaR of energy not served to address high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. We illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology with a 54-Bus system test case.

Considerable investment in India’s electricity system may be required in the coming decades in order to help accommodate the expected increase of renewables capacity as part of the country’s commitment to decarbonize its energy sector. In addition, electricity demand is geared to significantly increase due to the ongoing electrification of the transport sector, the growing population, and the improving economy. However, the multi-dimensional uncertainty surrounding these aspects gives rise to the prospect of stranded investments and underutilized network assets, rendering investment decision making challenging for network planners. In this work, a stochastic optimization model is applied to the transmission network in India to identify the optimal expansion strategy in the period from 2020 until 2060, considering conventional network reinforcements as well as energy storage investments. An advanced Nested Benders decomposition algorithm was used to overcome the complexity of the multistage stochastic optimization problem. The model additionally considers the uncertainty around the future investment cost of energy storage. The case study shows that deployment of energy storage is expected on a wide scale across India as it provides a range of benefits, including strategic investment flexibility and increased output from renewables, thereby reducing total expected system costs; this economic benefit of planning with energy storage under uncertainty is quantified as Option Value and is found to be in excess of GBP 12.9 bn. The key message of this work is that under potential high integration of wind and solar in India, there is significant economic benefit associated with the wide-scale deployment of storage in the system.

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of hormonal status, anthropometric profile, sexual maturity level, and physical performance on the technical abilities of 40 young male soccer players during small-sided games (SSGs). Anthropometric profiling, saliva sampling, sexual maturity assessment (Tanner scale), and physical performance tests (Yo-Yo and vertical jumps) were conducted two weeks prior to the SSGs. Salivary testosterone was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Technical performance was determined by the frequency of actions during SSGs. Principal component analyses identified four technical actions of importance: total number of passes, effectiveness, goal attempts, and total tackles. A multivariate canonical correlation analysis was then employed to verify the prediction of a multiple dependent variables set (composed of four technical actions) from an independent set of variables, composed of testosterone concentration, stage of pubic hair and genitalia development, vertical jumps and Yo-Yo performance. A moderate-to-large relationship between the technical performance set and the independent set was observed. The canonical correlation was 0.75 with a canonical R2 of 0.45. The highest structure coefficient in the technical performance set was observed for tackles (0.77), while testosterone presented the highest structure coefficient (0.75) for the variables of the independent set. The current data suggest that the selected independent set of variables might be useful in predicting SSG performance in young soccer players. Coaches should be aware that physical development plays a key role in technical performance to avoid decision-making mistakes during the selection of young players.

Block periodization (BP) has been proposed as an alternative approach for application in the context of high-level sports. Despite its growing acceptance, there is no empirical evidence of BP adoption in high-level judo athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the maximal strength, muscle power, judospecific performances, and hormonal concentration changes of state/national level (NG) and international level (IG) judo athletes subjected to BP. Twenty-one elite judo athletes (international level = 10; 21.7±1.9 years, 167.2±7.6 cm, 67.6±9.4 kg, 15.7±1.9 years of practice; national level = 11; 21.9±3.0 years, 167.5±9.1 cm, 71.8±16.5, 15.9±3.0 years of practice) were subjected to 13-week BP training (5-week accumulation phase [ACP], 5-week transmutation phase [TP], and 3-week realization phase [RP]). The judo-specific performance (SJFT) increased as there was observed a decrease in the SJFT index (final heart rate [HR] (bpm) + HR1 min after the test divided by the number of throws) for both NG (effect size [ES] = 0.83) and IG (ES = 0.53) from ACP to TP (p < 0.05). The row exercise maximal strength decreased (p < 0.05; ES = 1.35) after the ACP but returned to the baseline level after the TP, for the whole group (ES = 1.39). The athletes did seem to cope appropriately with the demands of BP, as besides increases in SJFT performance no significant changes were observed for cortisol and testosterone concentrations. This is the first study to demonstrate that judo athletes from different competitive levels subjected to BP improved SJFT, likely due to an appropriate balance between training loads and recovery. Thus, the BP approach may be a useful alternative periodization strategy for highlevel judo athletes.

This technical report aims to determine the validity and the accuracy of the VERT Wearable Jump Monitor. The participants of this study were all experienced volleyball players from the U18 category from the Brazilian National team. To assess jump performance, the VERT scores were compared to the VERTEC (jump and reach device). Each athlete performed 3 attack and 3 block jumps in a random, counterbalanced order, and the average score was registered. In the attack jumps, the VERTEC and VERT mean ± SD scores were 70.9±8.2 and 76.3±7.5 cm, respectively, and the typical error of the estimate (TEE) as a coefficient of variation (CV) was 7.8% (90% CL 7.0 to 8.9%). VERTEC and VERT devices presented a very large Pearson’s correlation for attack jumps (r=0.75; 90% CL 0.68 to 0.81). In addition, the mean±SD block jumps were 53.7±6.1 and 58.5±5.7 cm for the VERTEC and VERT, respectively and the TEE as a CV was 7.9% (90% CL 7.1 to 8.9%). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was very large for block jumps (r=0.75; 90% CL 0.67 to 0.81). The VERT device was found to be a very practical tool to quantify jump performance in volleyball players.

The current study described the training load and intensity distribution of 30 elite Under 20 soccer players (17.9 ± 0.6 years, 180.3 ± 5.7 cm, 73.7 ± 8.8kg) from a 3-time FIFA Club World Cup champion. Session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), internal training load (ITL) and monotony were recorded across 40 training sessions. Mixed-effects modeling was used for data analysis. The athletes performed 33.0 ± 6.9 out of 40 planned training sessions. Most common reasons for absence from training included sickness or minor injuries. Overall, these training sessions summed 2928.7 ± 627.6 minutes. Athletes performed significantly more training sessions at low and moderate intensity zones than at high-intensity zone (p

Background The efficacy of sodium citrate supplementation (SC) in exercise performance is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SC on skilled tennis performance. Methods Ten Brazilian nationally-ranked young male tennis players (age: 17 ± 1 yrs.; stature: 176.7 ± 5.2 cm; body mass: 68.4 ± 7.9 kg) participated in this crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Upon arrival, at baseline, in both experimental sessions blood was collected, then subjects ingested either sodium citrate (SC - 0.5 g.kg−1BM in capsules of 500 mg) or a placebo (PLA). Two hours later, pre-match blood was collected then skills tests (skill tennis performance test - STPT, repeated-sprint ability shuttle test - RSA) were performed followed by a 1-h simulated match. Immediately following the match, blood was again collected, and STPT, and RSA were administered. Results All metabolic parameters (i.e. base excess, pH, bicarbonate, and blood lactate) increased (p

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell disease may have their quality of life affected by oral alterations. However, there is still little data on oral health-related quality of life in these children. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sickle cell disease, socioeconomic characteristics, and oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life of children and teens. METHOD: One hundred and six children and teens with sickle cell disease were compared to a similar sample of 385 healthy peers. Data were collected through oral examinations, interviews to assess quality of life (Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 8-10 and 11-14) and questionnaires containing questions on socioeconomic status. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the total scores of the Child Perceptions Questionnaires or domain scores comparing sickle cell disease patients to control subjects. When sub-scales were compared, oral symptoms and functional limitations had a greater negative impact on the quality of life of adolescents with sickle cell disease (p-value

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the factors associated with hospital use and their frequency in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS Data from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, were used. Predisposing, enabling and need factors for the use of health services were considered. The analyzes were based on the Hurdle regression model and on estimates of population attributable risks. RESULTS Among 9,389 participants, 10.2% had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed for need factors (previous medical diagnosis for chronic diseases and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living) and for enabling factors (living in a rural area and in the North and Midwest regions of the country). The analysis of population attributable risks (PAR) showed a hierarchy of the need factors for the occurrence of hospitalizations, with higher contributions by stroke (PAR = 10.7%) and cardiovascular disease (PAR = 10.0%), followed by cancer (PAR = 8.9%), difficulty to perform basic activities of daily living (PAR = 6.8%), depression (PAR = 5.5%), diabetes (PAR = 4.4% ) and hypertension (PAR = 2.2%). CONCLUSIONS Four of the major diseases associated with hospitalizations (stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension) are part of the Brazilian list of primary care-sensitive hospitalizations. These results show that there is a window of opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations among older Brazilian adults through effective primary care actions.

O Brasil foi, recentemente, palco de um dos eventos esportivos mais importantes do mundo, a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e, em um futuro próximo, irá sediar os Jogos Olímpicos de Rio 2016. Esses eventos podem ser considerados como uma grande oportunidade para desenvolver a Ciência do Esporte no Brasil. A Ciência do Esporte pode ser definida como o processo científico utilizado para orientar a prática do Esporte, com o objetivo, em última instância, de melhorar o desempenho esportivo. No entanto, apesar deste objetivo, o consenso geral é que aplicação do conhecimento gerado pela Ciência do Esporte na prática ainda é incipiente. Este ensaio revisita o modelo para o desenvolvimento da Ciência do Esporte, proposto anteriormente por Bishop(1) , discute o cenário da Ciência do Esporte no Brasil e também aponta para as perspectivas futuras. As diretrizes do modelo revisitado, em conjunto com as discussões realizadas neste ensaio, podem ajudar o cientista do Esporte a desenvolver estudos aplicados nos quais os resultados poderiam ser utilizados para orientar a prática e, possivelmente, maximizar o desempenho esportivo.

BACKGROUND: Significant incidence, diagnostic difficulties, clinical relevance and therapeutic efficacy associated with the small number of publications on the primary esophageal motor disorders, motivated the present study. AIM: To determine the manometric prevalence of these disorders and correlate them to the endoscopic and clinical findings. METHODS: A retrospective study of 2614 patients, being 1529 (58.49%) women and 1085 (41.51%) men. From 299 manometric examinations diagnosed with primary esophageal motor disorder, were sought-clinical data (heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, odynophagia, non-cardiac chest pain, pharyngeal globe and extra-esophageal symptoms) and/or endoscopic (hiatal hernia, erosive esophagitis, food waste) that motivated the performance of manometry. RESULTS: Were found 49 cases of achalasia, 73 diffuse spasm, 89 nutcracker esophagus, 82 ineffective esophageal motility, and six lower esophageal sphincter hypertension. In relation to the correlations, it was observed that in 119 patients clinical conditions were associated with dysphagia, found in achalasia more than in other conditions; in relationship between endoscopic findings and clinical conditions there was no statistical significance between data. CONCLUSION: The clinical and endoscopic findings have little value in the characterization of the primary motor disorders of the esophagus, showing even more the need for manometry, particularly in the preoperative period of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Na tarefa de guiar a RBEFE para caminhos cada vez mais promissores, cabe ao Editor Responsável, Editores de seção e equipe Editorial, definir, traçar, redefinir estratégias e ações, e implementar processos e procedimentos para melhorar cada vez mais a qualidade da Revista. Para um melhor entendimento deste contexto e da gestão da RBEFE, serão apresentadas, nesse artigo, algumas considerações acerca da gestão da RBEFE, bem como abordados os aspectos norteadores da política de desenvolvimento e qualificação da RBEFE, os indicadores e métricas utilizados para o monitoramento e avaliação da percepção da qualidade da RBEFE pela comunidade, e reflexões acerca da tríade autor-editor de seção-revisor. Além disso, serão descritas as ações e estratégias adotadas pela RBEFE no tocante ao processo de indexação, submissão, editoração e acessibilidade.

The present study investigated the effect of unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise (RE) on maximal voluntary strength, total volume of load lifted (TVLL), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration of resistance-trained males. Twelve healthy men were assessed for the leg extension one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength using bilateral and unilateral contractions. Following this assessment, an RE session (3 sets of repetitions to failure) was conducted with bilateral and unilateral (both limbs) contractions using a load of 50% 1RM. The TVLL was calculated by the product of the number of repetitions and the load lifted per repetition. RPE and blood lactate were measured before, during and after each set. Session RPE was measured 30 minutes after RE sessions. There was a significant difference in the bilateral (120.0±11.9) and unilateral (135.0±20.2 kg) 1RM strength (p

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a distribuição das datas de nascimento dos atletas das categorias de base de um clube da elite do futebol brasileiro com a população do estado de São Paulo da mesma faixa etária. Por meio de estudo transversal, as datas de nascimento de 341 atletas das categorias de base de um clube de São Paulo (sub 10-20) foram comparadas com uma população de referência (nascidos vivos do Estado de São Paulo da mesma faixa etária; n = 5.480.868). Os indivíduos foram distribuídos por trimestre de nascimento: 1° = Janeiro a Março; 2° = Abril a Junho; 3° = Julho a Setembro; 4° = Outubro a Dezembro. Para análise comparativa entre a distribuição esperada (população de referência) e a distribuição observada (atletas), foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado (χ2). Foi detectada diferença significante entre a distribuição esperada e a distribuição observada (χ2= 29,53; p

The study aim was to investigate the effect of a periodised pre-season training plan on internal training load and subsequent stress tolerance, immune-endocrine responses and physical performance in tennis players. Well-trained young tennis players (n = 10) were monitored across the pre-season period, which was divided into 4 weeks of progressive overloading training and a 1-week tapering period. Weekly measures of internal training load, training monotony and stress tolerance (sources and symptoms of stress) were taken, along with salivary testosterone, cortisol and immunoglobulin A. One repetition maximum strength, running endurance, jump height and agility were assessed before and after training. The periodised training plan led to significant weekly changes in training loads (i.e. increasing in weeks 3 and 4, decreasing in week 5) and post-training improvements in strength, endurance and agility (P < 0.05). Cortisol concentration and the symptoms of stress also increased in weeks 3 and/or 4, before returning to baseline in week 5 (P < 0.05). Conversely, the testosterone to cortisol ratio decreased in weeks 3 and 4, before returning to baseline in week 5 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the training plan evoked adaptive changes in stress tolerance and hormonal responses, which may have mediated the improvements in physical performance.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de uma partida simulada de futsal sobre as concentrações salivares de cortisol (Cs) e imunoglobulina A (SIgA) em jogadores de elite. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes e após a partida e analisadas, posteriormente, pelo método de ELISA. A carga interna de treinamento foi avaliada através do método da Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço da sessão. Através da análise do tamanho do efeito (TE), foi constatado aumento grande (TE=1,07) do Cs e diminuição grande (TE=-1,36) da SIgA do momento pré para o pós-partida. Foi observada correlação significante (r=0,66) entre a carga interna de treinamento e a resposta do Cs. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que uma partida simulada de futsal pode modular a resposta imuno-endócrina. A adoção de estratégias para monitorar as respostas imuno-endócrinas, em associação a utilização de instrumentos psicométricos, pode auxiliar o planejamento e o ajuste das cargas de treinamento.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da manipulação das cargas externas sobre a dinâmica da carga interna de treinamento (CIT), a tolerância ao estresse (TE) e a severidade de episódios de infecção do trato respiratório superior (ITRS) em atletas de basquetebol, durante um macrociclo de 19 semanas, dividido em uma etapa preparatória (E1) e duas etapas de competição (E2 e E3). Os instrumentos Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21) para o monitoramento das ITRS e o Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes’ (DALDA; TE) foram preenchidos semanalmente. A CIT foi aferida a partir da percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE da sessão). Foi detectada queda da CIT na E3, quando comparadas às etapas E1 e E2 (p < 0,05), e decréscimo no número de respostas “melhor que o normal” na parte A (fontes de estresse) e na parte B (sintomas de estresse) do DALDA, em E2 e E3, comparado com E1 (p < 0,05). Na última etapa (E3), houve incremento da severidade de ITRS (p < 0,05). Adicionalmente, correlações significantes entre TE e ITRS foram verificadas, sugerindo que a tolerância ao estresse pode modular a severidade de ITRS. Em conclusão, a manipulação da CET provocou alterações na CIT. Entretanto, ao contrário da hipótese inicial, a redução da CIT no período competitivo foi acompanhada por redução da tolerância ao estresse e aumento da severidade da ITRS. Além disso, a magnitude do estresse parece induzir o aumento da severidade de ITRS

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of external training load manipulation on internal training load (ITL), stress tolerance (ST) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) severity in basketball players during a 19-week macrocycle. The macrocycle was divided into three distinct phases: preparatory phase (P1) and two competitive phases (P2 and P3). The Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes questionnaire (DALDA), for assessment of sources and symptoms of stress, and the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21), for evaluation of URTI severity, were used on a weekly basis. The ITL was assessed by Rating of Perceived Exertion (session RPE). There was a decrease in ITL at P3 when compared to P1 and P2 (p < 0.05). A decrease in “better than normal” responses in DALDA for both sources and symptoms of stress was observed at P2 and P3 when compared to P1 (p < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in URTI severity. In addition, significant relationships between ST and URTI were shown at P3, suggesting that stress tolerance may modulate URTI severity. In summary, ETL manipulation induced changes in ITL. However, unlike the initial hypothesis, a decrease in ITL during the competitive period was followed by a decrease in stress tolerance and an increase in URTI severity. Furthermore, the magnitude of stress seems to provoke an increase in URTI severity.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a contribuição dos parâmetros biomecânicos para o desempenho do salto vertical com contramovimento (SV) e SV precedido de corrida (SVcorrida) em 19 jogadoras da seleção brasileira adulta de basquetebol feminino (26,2 ± 4,7 anos; 1,81 ± 0,07 m; 75,6 ± 12,6 kg; 20,4 ± 6,0% de gordura). Foram considerados os picos de força passiva (PFPa) e propulsão (PFP), tempo para alcance dos picos de força passiva (TPFPa) e propulsão (TPFP), "load rate" (LR), taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF), tempo de fase excêntrica (Texc) e concêntrica (Tcon). A análise de componentes principais revelou que 50,86% da altura de SV foi explicada por PFPa, TPFPa, LR, Texc e TPFP, e que 43,28% de SVcorrida foi explicada por PFPa, TPFPa, LR, PFP. Esses resultados sugerem que parâmetros temporais parecem contribuir de maneira mais significativa para o desempenho de salto, porém diferentes tipos de salto podem demandar comportamentos distintos de parâmetros biomecânicos.El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la contribución de parámetros biomecánicos para el rendimiento de salto vertical con contra movimiento (SV) e SV precedido de carrera (SVcarrera) en diecinueve jugadoras de baloncesto de la selección brasileña femenina adultas (26,2 ± 4,7 años; 1,81 ± 0,07 m; 75,6 ± 12,6 kg; 20,4 ± 6,0% de grasa). Fueran considerados el pico de fuerza pasiva (PFPa) y propulsión (PFP), tiempo para llegar a picos de fuerza pasiva (TPFPa) y propulsión (TPFP), la tasa de carga (LR), tasa de desarrollo de fuerza (TDF), tiempo de la fase excéntrica (Texc) y concéntrica (Tcon). Las análisis de los componentes principales mostraron que 50,86% da la altura de SV fue explicada por PFPa, TPFPa, LR, Texc y TPFP, y que 43,28% de SVcarrera fue explicada por PFPa, TPFPa, LR, PFP. Los resultados sugieren parámetros temporales parecen contribuir más significativamente para rendimiento del salto pero, diferentes tipos del salto pueden demandar comportamientos distintos de los parámetros biomecánicosThe aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of biomechanics parameters to counter-movement jump (CMJ) and CMJ preceded by run (CMJrun) in nineteen female basketball players from Brazilian National Team (26.2 ± 4.7 years; 1.81 ± 0.07 m; 75.6 ± 12.6 kg; 20.4 ± 6.0 % body fat). The parameters analyzed were passive (PaPF) and propulsion peak force (PPF), time to passive (TPaPF) and propulsion peak force (TPPF), load rate (LR), rate of force development (RFD), eccentric (Texc) and concentric phase duration (Texc). The principal component analysis showed that 50.86% of CMJ performance was explained by PaPF, TPaPF, LR, Texc and TPPF, and 43.28% of CMJrun was explained by PaPF, TPaPF, LR and PPF. These findings suggest that temporal parameters appear to have greater contribution to jump performance. Moreover, different types of jumps appear to induce distinct behavior of biomechanics parameters.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a reprodutibilidade dos parâmetros biomecânicos da curva força-tempo do estilo "Crawl" em um protocolo de 10 s no nado atado. Dezesseis nadadores do sexo masculino (idade: 20,4 ± 4,0 anos; tempo na prova de 100 m livre: 53,68 ± 0,99 s) realizaram dois esforços máximos de 10 s no nado atado. Os parâmetros força pico, força média, taxa de desenvolvimento de força, impulso, duração da braçada, tempo para atingir a força pico e força mínima foram representados pela média de oito braçadas consecutivas obtidas em cada tentativa. Utilizou-se o teste t para observar as diferenças entre os esforços para cada parâmetro. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. A reprodutibilidade relativa foi medida pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e a consistência entre as duas tentativas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). A reprodutibilidade absoluta foi verificada pelo coeficiente de variação (CV). Não foi demonstrada diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhum parâmetro biomecânico quando comparados os dois esforços. Os elevados CCI e baixos CV indicaram alta consistência interna dos parâmetros analisados. Conclui-se que os parâmetros biomecânicos analisados a partir do nado atado são reprodutíveis quando empregado protocolo de curta duração o que demonstra a possibilidade de utilização do protocolo com alto grau de confiabilidade, por parte de treinadores e atletas.The aim of the present study was to analyze the reliability of biomechanical parameters of the front-Crawl's force-time curve in a 10-s protocol. Sixteen national competitive male swimmers (20.4 ± 4.0 years; 100-m best time: 53.68 ± 0.99 s) performed two 10-s maximal efforts in tethered swimming. Peak force, average force, impulse, rate of force development, stroke duration, time to peak force and minimum force were represented by the mean of eight consecutive strokes obtained in each trial. The paired student-t test was used to verify differences between trials for each biomechanical parameter. The significance level adopted was 5%. Relative reliability was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient and the consistency between trials by means of intraclass coefficient (CCI). The coefficient of variation was used to verify the absolute reliability. No significant differences between the trials to any biomechanical parameter were found. High CCI values and low CV values revealed the high internal consistency of the analyzed variables. It can be concluded that the biomechanical parameters regarding the tethered swimming are reliable in short duration protocols and may be used by coaches and athletes for monitoring training.

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the internal load induced by an official women’s basketball match and to determine whether the magnitude of the internal load is correlated with the number of basketball maneuvers perfomed. The sample consisted of 10 athletes (25 ± 4 years), who participated in the XI Brazilian Women’s Basketball Championship. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in response to the match were evaluated. The internal load was calculated by the methods of Edwards and Foster. In addition, the basketball maneuvers perfomed in the match were analyzed. The internal load estimated by the methods of Edwards and Foster was 255 ± 62 and 321 ± 127 arbitrary units, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the two methods used (r = 0.64, p

Results from Brazilian female Artistic Gymnastics improved over the past 10 years at an international level of competition. This study aimed at describing career development process in sports through a qualitative research resorting to the Oral History method. Ten Brazilian gymnast players in Olympic Games from 1980 to 2004 participated in the study. The information they provided allowed for the identification of specific variables present in their long term preparation: structure and organization of their practice, duration of the preliminary preparation phases, volume of daily practice in different phases of training, and length of time for the achievement of better results.

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the internal load induced by an official women’s basketball match and to determine whether the magnitude of the internal load is correlated with the number of basketball maneuvers perfomed. The sample consisted of 10 athletes (25 ± 4 years), who participated in the XI Brazilian Women’s Basketball Championship. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in response to the match were evaluated. The internal load was calculated by the methods of Edwards and Foster. In addition, the basketball maneuvers perfomed in the match were analyzed. The internal load estimated by the methods of Edwards and Foster was 255 ± 62 and 321 ± 127 arbitrary units, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the two methods used (r = 0.64, p

The present study investigated the effect of training load distribution on the perceivedsources and symptoms of stress during 6 weeks of sports training in young athletes. The sessionRPE method and the DALDA questionnaire were used to assess internal training load and stresstolerance. Twenty young men athletes participated in this study. Repeated measures ANOVArevealed higher training loads in the first and second weeks of training (p400 AU) (two-wayANOVA, p