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Em anos recentes, grande quantidade de estudos e de investigações são desenvolvidos, fato que contribui para a divulgação do conhecimento científico e para a tentativa de responder questões que ainda inquietam a sociedade como um todo. Ainda assim, a qualidade das evidências produzidas segue sendo alvo de questionamentos no momento da tomada de decisões, com particular destaque para área da saúde. Nesse cenário, a revisão sistemática com metanálise se configura como ferramenta de grande importância no momento da elaboração de tais diretrizes, em função de qualidade da evidência produzida, por se tratar de um método com regras pré-definidas desde o processo de seleção até a análise dos resultados encontrados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma revisão narrativa sobre o processo de estruturação das revisões sistemáticas com metanálise. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas em diferentes bases de dados, utilizando o programa RAYYAN®. Após a adequada seleção dos trabalhos, o programa Mendeley® foi empregado para gerir as referências bibliográficas. Resultados da presente revisão denotam que a revisão sistemática com metanálises constitui a base da estratégia em saúde, denominada de Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE), que associa a experiência clínica do profissional às constatações científicas obtidas, prática que contribui muito para a melhoria dos serviços prestados, com destaque para o contexto das Ciências Veterinárias. Diante do exposto, denota-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas revisões sistemáticas, a fim do estabelecimento de uma prática em saúde mais condizente com os achados científicos e focada no aprendizado constante do profissional frente às diretrizes estabelecidas. Palavras-chave: Análise de Resultados. Delineamento. Medicina Veterinária. Metodologia de Pesquisa. Abstract In recent years, a large number of studies and investigations have been carried out, a fact that contributes to the dissemination of scientific knowledge and to the attempt to answer questions that still disturb the society as a whole. Even so, the quality of the evidence produced continues to be questioned when making decisions, with particular emphasis on the health area. In this scenario, the systematic review with meta-analysis is configured as a tool of great importance at the time of drawing up such guidelines, due to the quality of the evidence produced, as it is a method with pre-defined rules from the selection process to the analysis of the results found. The present work aimed to elaborate a narrative review about the process of structuring systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Therefore searches were performed in different databases using the RAYYAN® program. After the adequate selection of papers, Mendeley® was used to manage the bibliographic references. Results of this review show that the systematic review with meta-analysis forms the basis of the health strategy called Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), which associates the professional's clinical experience with the scientific findings obtained, a practice that contributes greatly to the improvement of the services provided, highlighting the veterinary sciences context. Given the above, there is a need for the development of new systematic reviews in order to establish a health practice which is consistent with scientific findings and focused on professional's constant learning regarding the established guidelines. Keywords: Analysis of Results. Design. Veterinary Medicine. Research Methodology.

This study characterized the clinical, radiological, ultrasound, and necroscopic findings of a case of Arnold-Chiari type II malformation in a Gir breed calf from Brazil. The animal was hospitalized at sixty days of age, in permanent sternal recumbency, cutaneous appendix at the 4th lumbar vertebra and kyphoscoliosis of the caudal and lumbosacral thoracic spine. Radiographic examination of the spine and skull revealed spina bifida and suspected occipital hypoplasia. Upon examination of myelography with an injection of lumbar and atlantooccipital contrast, it was possible to visualize the meningocele at the 4th lumbar vertebra region and findings at the rhombencephalon level of increased regional pressure with failure to fill the contrast in the posterior fossa, in the presence of clear demarcation of the circumvolutions of the cerebral cortex and the subarachnoid space of the cervical spinal cord. Ultrasonographic examination of the cerebellum showed an insinuation of the cerebellar worm through the foramen magnum. The animal did not show changes in complete blood count, biochemical series, and cerebrospinal fluid and was negative for Pestivirus. There was a worsening of the clinical conditions and the animal died. This malformation of unknown etiology must be studied as a differential diagnosis of the nervous system disorders.

A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por uma bactéria do gênero Leptospira. Trata-se de uma enfermidade infecciosa de distribuição mundial, de ocorrência maior em países de clima tropical e subtropical, principalmente, nos períodos mais chuvosos, quando existem condições ambientais, que aumentam a sobrevivência da bactéria no ambiente. Esta enfermidade acomete os seres humano e, praticamente, todos os animais domésticos e selvagens, que podem se tornar portadores e contribuírem para a disseminação do micro-organismo na natureza. Nos ovinos, a enfermidade pode provocar falhas reprodutivas e abortamentos, morte de cordeiros, inanição, infecção grave, febre e insuficiência hepática e/ou renal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar importantes aspectos sobre a leptospirose em ovinos, abordando sobre o histórico, etiologia, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento, controle e prevenção. Foram lidos 58 trabalhos publicados, a busca ocorreu através de portais indexadores e livros, que citam como descritores as palavras: lepstospiras em animais, Leptospiras em ovinos, sorovares de Leptospiras, leptospirose em ovinos. A compreensão de todos os fatores envolvidos na leptospirose em ovinos é uma condição fundamental para a adoção de medidas estratégicas médicas e epidemiológicas, que possibilitem o controle e a prevenção da doença nos rebanhos, evitando assim queda na produtividade e redução dos prejuízos econômicos. Palavras-chave: Leptospira spp. MAT Zoonoses. Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by a bacterium of the genus Leptospira. It is an infectious disease worldwidely distributed, occurring more frequently in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, especially in the rainiest periods, when there are environmental conditions that increase the bacteria survival in the environment. This disease affects humans and most of the domestic and wild animals, which can become carriers and contribute to the microorganism spread in nature. In sheep, the disease can cause reproductive failures and miscarriages, lamb death, starvation, severe infection, fever and liver and / or kidney failure. This work aimed to review important aspects about leptospirosis in sheep, addressing the history, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. 58 published works were read, the search was performed through indexing portals and books that mention the words as descriptors: leptospirae in animals, leptospirae in sheep, serovars of leptospirae, leptospirosis in sheep. Understanding all the factors involved in leptospirosis in sheep is a fundamental condition for the adoption of strategic medical and epidemiological measures that enable the disease control and prevention in herds, thus avoiding a fall in productivity and a reduction in economic losses. Keywords: Leptospira spp. MAT. Zoonosis.

The deficiencies in the screening protocols and the paucity of epidemiological studies aimed at emergency care contribute to a generalist emergency approach, without focusing on the most common causes and injuries of emergency admissions in veterinary practice. Thus, we aimed to retrospectively study the epidemiological aspects of emergency cases in dogs and cats under routine care at a veterinary school hospital at University X over 24 months (June 2012–June 2014). During this period, 328 cases were considered as emergencies, of which 306 were included in the study. The main causes of emergency admissions in both species were trauma, followed by hypovolemic shock. The third cause differed between species, the most common being neurological emergencies in dogs and urinary emergencies in cats. Knowledge of emergency epidemiological data in the pet clinic is essential for clinical surveillance, case screening, early diagnosis, rapid therapeutic intervention, and avoiding losses in the waiting rooms of veterinary emergency medicine.

The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of dicephalus iniodymus monauchenos in a Nellore newborn. A three-days old calf, from in vitro production, with duplication of the head and a history of cesarean birth was attended. On physical examination, the dicephalus, iniodymus and monauchenos, which were almost the same size and shape, had four eyes and four ears. Computed tomography showed the presence of two skulls fused with a common occipital foramen, two nasopharynxes, oropharynxes with the presence of a cleft lip and a cleft palate in the right head, which continued in a single esophagus and a single trachea. At necropsy, the presence of duplication of the cerebrum and cerebellum was observed, with union of the parts in the region of the trapezoid body of the brainstem and continued as a single spinal cord. This study characterizes the clinical, tomographic, and necropsy findings of a dicephalus Nelore neonate. RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de Dicephalus Iniodymus Monauchenos em um neonato da raça Nelore de produção in vitro. Foi atendida uma fêmea bovina, de três dias de idade, com duplicação das cabeças e histórico de nascimento por meio de cesariana. No exame físico, observou-se a dicefalia, Iniodymus e Monauchenos, apresentando quatro olhos e quatro orelhas. Na tomografia computadorizada, constatou-se a presença de dois crânios fundidos com um forame occipital comum, duas nasofaringes, orofaringes com presença de lábio leporino e fenda palatina na cabeça direita, que continuavam em um único esôfago e em uma única traqueia. Na necropsia, observou-se a presença de duplicação do encéfalo e cerebelo, com união das partes na região do corpo trapezoide do tronco encefálico, que continuavam como uma única medula espinhal. Este estudo caracteriza os achados clínicos, tomográficos e de necropsia de um neonato Nelore dicefálico.

O comportamento reprodutivo possui papel fundamental na determinação do relacionamento entre indivíduos e a perpetuação da espécie equina na natureza. O conhecimento acerca das peculiaridades comportamentais reprodutivas em equinos contribui, de forma positiva, para o estabelecimento de mudanças no manejo e visam melhoria da eficiência reprodutiva nos atuais sistemas de criação desses animais. A partir do conhecimento dos aspectos comuns ao ciclo estral e comportamento reprodutivo dos animais domésticos se pode chegar a um melhor resultado fazendo um manejo correto, diante do exposto, este trabalho buscou descrever as particularidades referentes à organização social, cortejo, cópula e conduta maternal de equinos com o objetivo de destacar a importância e influência do comportamento reprodutivo animal em relação ao sucesso reprodutivo. O presente estudo se constitui em uma revisão bibliográfica que aborda aspectos relacionados acerca do comportamento reprodutivo em equinos. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e Portal Capes, das quais foram selecionados artigos em texto completo, publicados em território nacional e internacional, no período de 1984 a 2017, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. O conhecimento a fundo do comportamento reprodutivo animal pode contribuir de forma positiva para o estabelecimento de mudanças no manejo, que visam melhoria da eficiência reprodutiva nos atuais sistemas de criação, e que devem, portanto, ser incentivados. Palavras-chave: Reprodução. Garanhão. Comportamento Sexual. AbstractThe reproductive behavior plays a fundamental role in the separation between individuals and a perpetuation of the equine type in nature. Knowledge about the reproductive behavioral peculiarities in equines with positive capacity for change is not feasible and visually impossible to reproduce in the current animal’s exposure systems. From the knowledge of the common aspects to the estrous cycle and the animal's reproductive behavior, a better result can be reached by making a correct management. In view of the above, this work sought to describe the particularities regarding the social organization, courting, copulation and maternal equines with the aim of highlighting the importance and the influence of the reproductive animal’s behavior concerning the reproductive success. The present study is a bibliographical review that addresses aspects related to to the reproductive behavior in horses. The search for articles was carried out in the databases Scielo, Pubmed and Capes Portal, where articles were selected in the complete national and international document, from 1984 to 2017, in English, Spanish and English based on this work. Deep knowledge on the animal’s reproductive behavior can contribute positively to the establishment of changes in management, aimed at improving reproductive efficiency in current farming systems, and should therefore be encouraged. Keywords: Reproduction. Stallion. Sexual Behavior.

Os norovirus foram os primeiros agentes virais ligados a doencas gastrointestinais em humanos. Por muito tempo, foram considerados como causa secundaria de gastroenterite, apos o rotavirus. O desenvolvimento de tecnicas moleculares favoreceu dados mais claros sobre o impacto epidemiologico dos norovirus, que sao atualmente reconhecidos como principal causa de surtos de gastroenterite nao bacteriana esporadica em criancas e adultos. Em analise da diversidade genetica e recombinacao dos norovirus sabe-se que os mesmos estao presentes em varias especies animais, incluindo os caes, o que denota na possivel exposicao dos seres humanos a estas novas cepas recem-descobertas. Devido a intensa relacao social atualmente observada entre humanos e animais de estimacao, sugerem-se novas investigacoes sobre o potencial zoonotico deste norovirus. O metodo de pesquisa utilizado neste trabalho foi uma revisao de literatura, que teve como objetivo revisar toda literatura atual sobre a epidemiologia e relevância do cao como potencial reservatorio para este agente. Ainda sao poucos os relatos sobre a presenca do norovirus em caes, que podem apresentar um potencial de transferencia zoonotica, porem devido a sua maior proximidade com os seres humanos na atualidade, considera-se a importância de novos estudos para avaliar o papel do cao como reservatorio do norovirus, em especial no Brasil, pela inexistencia de relatos ate o presente momento. Palavras-chave: Caes. Gastroenterite nao Bacteriana. Risco Zoonotico. Abstract Noroviruses were the first viral agents linked to gastrointestinal diseases in humans. For a long time, they were considered as secondary cause of gastroenteritis after rotavirus. The development of molecular techniques has favored clearer data on the epidemiological impact of noroviruses, which are currently recognized as the main cause of outbreaks of sporadic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children and adults. In analyzing the genetic diversity and recombination of noroviruses it is known that they are present in several animal species, including dogs, which denotes the possible exposure of humans to these newly discovered strains. Due to the intense social relationship currently observed between humans and pets, further research on the zoonotic potential of this norovirus is suggested. The research method used is a review of the literature, which aimed to review all current literature on the epidemiology and relevance of the dog as potential reservoir for this agent. There are still few reports on the presence of norovirus in dogs, which may present a potential for zoonotic transfer, but due to its greater proximity to humans nowadays, the importance of new studies to evaluate the role of the dog as norovirus reservoir, especially in Brazil, due to the lack of reports to date. Keywords : Dog. Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis. Zoonotic Potential.

The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of mineral supplementation with organic selenium (Se) on rabies humoral immune response in ewes. It was randomly selected 18 Texel ewes without antirabic vaccination in the last 12 months and divided into 2 groups: treated group (TG) supplemented with a mineral mixture additioned of organic selenium and immunized against rabies and a control group (CG) supplemented with mineral mixture without organic selenium addition and immunized. Determination of Se serum was obtained by the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in two moments, the title and the persistence of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies in five times by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). The mean values found in D210 GSH-Px were higher in TG with 981.8 ± 105.2 U/g Hb and 628.2 ± 188.2 U/g Hb in the CG (p-value < 0.001). The mean values of titers of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies 30 days after primary vaccination, demonstrated statistically similar titles in the GT and GC, 1,020 IU/ mL in GT and 1,885 IU/ mL CG. Oral mineral supplementation of organic selenium during 210 days did not enhance the humoral immune response and persistence of evidence of rabies neutralizing antibodies, however caused increased serum retention of selenium in ewes.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Feline morbillivirus was discovered in 2012 in cats from Hong Kong, and it was initially found to be associated with chronic kidney disease. Although subsequent molecular surveys showed a common occurrence in cat populations from distinct countries, there were controversial results regarding the relationship between viral shedding through urine and reduced kidney function. In this study, 276 domestic cats of diverse origins from Western Brazil had their urine evaluated for the presence of paramyxoviral RNA by reverse transcription seminested PCR and direct sequencing. Additionally, a selected Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney cells, and a nearly complete genome sequence was obtained. To assess the kidney function of all cats, serum biochemistry screening and standard urinalysis were performed. Our results revealed a relatively high paramyxovirus-positive rate (34.7%) in the evaluated cats although there was not a statistical association between the shedding of viral RNA through urine and kidney disease. Direct sequencing of partial fragments of the L gene demonstrated high genetic diversity among strains detected in cats in this study, since both feline morbillivirus RNA and feline paramyxovirus RNA were frequently shed in urine. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on partial amino acid sequences of the L gene showed that Brazilian feline paramyxovirus strains were genetically diverse since they grouped into two distinct subclusters; one subcluster contained three strains identified in Germany, while the second contained Japanese strain 163, which was recently classified in the Jeilongvirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. In contrast, the Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain FeMV/BR_Boni, herein characterized by nearly complete genome sequencing, was classified in the Morbillivirus genus with other strains previously identified as genotype 1. In conclusion, urinary excretion of diverse paramyxoviral RNA is frequent in cats of different origins from Western Brazil, but viral infection is not related to altered kidney function. Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology Universidade de Cuiabá (UNIC) Laboratory of Animal Virology Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Small Animal Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital Universidade de Cuiabá Veterinary Clinical Pathology Universidade de Cuiabá Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease pathogen which causes disease in the domestic dog and species classified in the Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, Viveridae, Felidae, Tayassuidae, and Cercopithecidae families. A combined strategy that involved the direct sequencing of amplicons from genes coding for nucleocapsid, large polymerase, and hemagglutinin proteins of CDV, as well as the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical detection of viral nucleocapsid protein in diverse tissues, confirmed the participation of CDV in the development of a neurological disease in a southern tamandua ( Tamandua tetradactyla ) from Midwestern Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed that the strain from this study grouped with isolates from the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The specific polymorphisms at the SLAM receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin gene, previously linked to disease emergence in novel hosts, were not detected in this genome. These findings represent the first description of CDV-induced infection in the Tamandua tetradactyla and extend the distribution of this infection to include members of the family Myrmecophagidae, order Pilosa.

RESUMO Foi atendida, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, uma coruja suindara (Tyto furcata), resgatada pela Polícia Militar Ambiental, sem histórico, adulta e 400 gramas de peso corporal. A ave apresentava impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito, além de desvio, crepitação e dor na região proximal tibiotársica direita, sem lesão cutânea. Estudo radiográfico revelou fratura diafisária oblíqua curta em tibiotarso direito. A estabilização da fratura foi realizada com placa bloqueada do sistema de 1,5mm, na função de apoio, seis orifícios, com três parafusos monocorticais distais, dois parafusos monocorticais proximais e um parafuso bicortical proximal. Ao 30º dia do pós-operatório, os achados radiográficos de consolidação óssea e o retorno da função do membro permitiram a alta médica. Concluiu-se que o uso de placa bloqueada em função apoio para estabilização de fraturas tibiotársicas simples de coruja suindara oferece resultados satisfatórios.

According to experimental studies with healthy dogs, omeprazole might decrease the CSF production by about 26%; therefore, book texts have been suggested the usage of omeprazole in medical protocols for hydrocephalus treatment. However, to the best knowledge of the authors, the usage and medical response of the omeprazole with substantial group of illness dogs, such as hydrocephalic animals, was lacking. This report describes clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic findings in 12 dogs with hydrocephalus in which omeprazole were used for medical treatment. The diagnosis of hydrocephalus was accomplished by transcranial sonography (TCS) and/or computed tomography. The ventricular measurement was assessed periodically by TCS during medical treatment. Six dogs were diagnosed with non-obstrutive hydrocephalus and in the other 6 cases hydrocephalus occurred with other concomitant anomalous encephalic disease often related with obstructive hysdrocephalus, such as quadrigeminal cist, arachnoid cyst, chiary-like malformation, and syringomyelia. All of them had medical improvement after the use of omeprazole and the most of the cases had ventricular size reduction. In 10 dogs, the omeprazole was used as single drug, and in 2 dogs medical treatment with steroids and/or diuretics was previously being performed, and omeprazole was added because conventional treatment was resulting in mild to unsatisfactory medical control of the neurological status. The results of this paper shown that omeprazole may be used to ameliorate the neurological status in symptomatic hydrocephalic dogs. This work may represent the first description about the use of omeprazole in order to treat a substantial group of affected dogs with suspected increased intracranial pressure by hydrocephalus, probably due to limitation of CSF production. RESUMO: O omeprazol diminui a produção do fluido cerebrospinal (FCE) por cerca de 26% de acordo com estudos experimentais em cães saudáveis. Segundo o conhecimento dos autores, embora utilizado na prática clínica e recomendado em livros textos, não há até o momento estudos clínicos em um grupo substancial de animais avaliando a resposta terapêutica ao uso do omeprazol em pacientes enfermos, tais como cães hidrocefálicos sintomáticos. Este trabalho descreve os achados clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos em 12 cães com hidrocefalia que foram submetidos ao tratamento com omeprazol para o manejo médico de hidrocefalia. O diagnóstico de hidrocefalia e doenças neurológicas concomitantes foi realizado por ultrassonografia transcraniana (USTC) e/ou tomografia computadorizada. A mensuração do tamanho ventricular foi realizada pela USTC durante o tratamento médico. Seis cães foram diagnosticados com hidrocefalia não obstrutiva e os outros 6 casos apresentaram hidrofalia concomitante com outras afecções encefálicas anômalas comumente associada à hidrocefalia obstrutiva, tal como cisto quadrigêmio, cisto aracnóide, síndrome de chiari-like e seringomegalia. Em 10 cães o omeprazol foi utilizado como droga única e em 2 cães a terapia inicial foi a convencional utilizando esteroides e diuréticos, e o omeprazol foi adicionado, pois a resposta clínica a terapia convencional foi insatisfatória. Todos os animais obtiveram melhora dos parâmetros neurológicos e a maioria teve uma redução do tamanho ventricular após o uso do omeprazol. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que o omeprazol pode ser utilizado para melhorar o estado neurológico em cães com hidrocefalia. Este estudo representa a primeira descrição clínica usando o omeprazol para tratar uma série de cães com suspeita de aumento da pressão intracraniana devido à hidrocefalia, provavelmente pela capacidade do fármaco em limitar a produção do FCE.

The concern with the animal’s welfare has become increasingly frequent and the use of cattle in sporting events has aroused discussions about the preservation and integrity of these animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the cattle participating in the team roping modality receive all support regarding the animal welfare criteria. During the 41st National Championship of the Quarter Horse Breed of Work and Conformation, aspects of animal welfare of 410 cattle that participated in the team roping were evaluated. Behavioral aspects were observed before, during and after the end of the competition, in addition to quantifying the number of runs per animal, the presence of ectoparasites, thermal comfort, food and hydration. It was possible to conclude that the environment in which the tests were carried out, the feeding conditions, the space and the thermal comfort meet the criteria of animal welfare. La preocupación por el bienestar animal se ha vuelto cada vez más frecuente y el uso de ganado en competiciones deportivas ha suscitado discusiones sobre la preservación e integridad de estos animales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los bovinos que participan en la modalidad de doble empalme reciben pleno apoyo en cuanto a los criterios de bienestar animal. Durante el 41º Campeonato Nacional de la Carrera de Caballos Cuarto de Milla para el Trabajo y la Conformación se evaluaron aspectos del bienestar animal de 410 bovinos que participaron en las carreras de doble lazo. Se observaron aspectos de comportamiento antes, durante y después del final de la competencia, además de cuantificar el número de carreras por animal, presencia de ectoparásitos, confort térmico, alimentación e hidratación. Se pudo concluir que el entorno en el que se realizaron las pruebas, las condiciones de alimentación, el espacio y el confort térmico cumplen con los criterios de bienestar animal. A preocupação com o bem-estar dos animais tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente e a utilização de bovinos em provas esportivas tem despertado discussões a respeito da preservação e integridade destes animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se os bovinos participantes da modalidade de laço em dupla recebem todo suporte quanto aos critérios de bem-estar animal. Durante a realização do 41º Campeonato Nacional da Raça Quarto de Milha de Trabalho e Conformação, foi avaliado aspectos do bem-estar animal de 410 bovinos que participaram das provas de laço em dupla. Foram observados aspectos comportamentais antes, durante e após o término da competição, além de quantificar o número de corridas por animal, presença de ectoparasitas, conforto térmico, alimentação e hidratação. Foi possível concluir que o ambiente em que foram realizadas as provas, as condições de alimentação, o espaço e o conforto térmico atendem os critérios de bem-estar animal.

We describe the pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings associated with pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a 3-y-old, mixed-breed, nanny goat from central-west Brazil. The goat had progressive neurologic signs over 30 d; cryptococcosis was diagnosed antemortem by cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment was initiated, but the animal died spontaneously shortly thereafter. Grossly, there was a large space-occupying gelatinous mass (cryptococcoma) in the left lung and smaller masses in the cerebral temporal and frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, basal nuclei, and mesencephalon with consequent internal hydrocephalus. Histologic evaluation revealed marked granulomatous cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Intralesional narrow-necked budding cryptococcal yeasts were identified on special stains (Mayer mucicarmine and Grocott methenamine silver) in sections of lung and brain. Immunohistochemistry utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies that selectively label capsules of Cryptococcus spp. was consistent with C. neoformans var. grubii.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar que o posicionamento radiográfico inadequado do membro pélvico de cães (imagens obliquadas) afeta a mensuração do ângulo do platô tibial (APT), levando à maior variação entre observadores. Foram realizadas duas projeções radiográficas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo, uma em perfil verdadeiro e a outra com o membro obliquado em 21 cães provenientes do atendimento clínico cirúrgico do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, em Cuiabá-MT. Os critérios de inclusão foram cães livres de histórico ou afecção ortopédica nos membros pélvicos, pesando entre 15 e 40 quilos, sem predileção por raça ou sexo, entre dois e sete anos de idade. Foram obtidas 42 imagens radiográficas em perfil verdadeiro e 42 imagens radiográficas obliquadas. Três observadores com experiência em cálculo do APT fizeram as mensurações. Nos cálculos das imagens em perfil verdadeiro, o observador 1 obteve uma média de 23,35º ± 2,82; o observador 2, média de 23,88º ± 4,83; e o observador 3, média de 24,54º ± 4,01, não sendo encontrada diferença significativa entre o cálculo dos três avaliadores, P=0,944 (P > 0,05), nas imagens em perfil verdadeiro. Nos cálculos das imagens obliquadas, o observador 1 obteve uma média de 21,69º ± 4,22; o observador 2, média de 19,42º ± 5,92; e o observador 3, média de 22,64º ± 5,23, e foi encontrada diferença significativa entre o cálculo dos três observadores, P=0,016 (P < 0,05). Com esses dados, pôde-se demonstrar que a imagem radiográfica obliquada compromete o valor final do cálculo do ângulo do platô tibial em cães, levando à variação numérica estatisticamente significativa entre observadores. Conclui-se, assim, que um posicionamento correto do membro pélvico, em perfil verdadeiro, deve ser sempre utilizado para a obtenção de imagens, com o objetivo de mensurar o valor do APT. ABSTRACT This work aimed at demonstrating that an inadequate radiographic position of pelvic limbs of dogs, from a strict lateral radiographic view, resulted in oblique images, affecting the measurement of the tibial plateau angle (TPA). There were two radiographic projections of the right and the left pelvic limb, one in strict lateral radiographic view and another with inclined hind limb in 21 dogs from the clinical surgical assistance at Hospital Veterinário of Universidade de Cuiabá in Cuiabá-MT. Inclusion criteria were dogs free from pelvic hind limbs orthopedic affection records, weighing between 15 and 40 kilos, without a preference for breed or gender and ageing between two and seven years old. A total of 42 radiographic images in strict lateral radiographic view and 42 inclined limb radiographic views were obtained. Three observers with TPA calculation experience made measurements. In the calculus for the strict lateral radiographic view the first observer has reached an average of 23,35º ± 2,82, the second observer 23,88º ± 4,83 and the third observer 24,54º ± 4,01. No significant statistic differences among the calculus of the three evaluators p=0,944 (P>0,05) was found. In the calculus of the inclined limbs radiographic views the first observer reached an average of 21,69º ± 4,22, the second observer 19,42º ± 5,92 and the third observer 22,64º ±. 5,23. Significant statistic difference in the calculus of the three observers, p=0,016, that is to say, P

Feline leishmaniasis (FeL) is an emerging infectious disease of cats caused by Leishmania infantum with global distribution. This study investigated the cause of chronic progressive cutaneous lesions in two cats from Central-west Brazil by using cytological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Clinically, both cats had ulcerative cutaneous lesions at the nasal planum and ear resulting in a tentative diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Moreover, both cats had varying degrees of onychogryphosis. However, cytology revealed chronic inflammatory reactions associated with intralesional amastigotes; histopathology confirmed chronic ulcerative dermatitis associated with intralesional and intracytoplasmic parasitic organisms consistent with amastigotes of Leishmania spp. within histiocytes. The IHC assay demonstrated that the intralesional parasitic structures identified by cytology and histopathology were immunoreactive to antigens of Leishmania spp., confirming the participation of this infectious disease agent in the development of the cutaneous lesions of these cats. The observation of onychogryphosis must be highlighted, since this lesion is frequently observed in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis but is underreported in FeL. Collectively, the pathologic and IHC findings of the chronic cutaneous disease confirmed active infections due to Leishmania spp. in these cats. Additionally, FeL with associated lesions to the ear and nasal planum must be considered as differential diagnosis for SCC in cats.

Medical therapy for hydrocephalus includes the administration of medications to limit the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulting in reduced intracranial pressure (ICP). This report describes the clinical findings in one dog with congenital hydrocephalus that was unresponsive to conventional medical treatment with steroids, but demonstrated good response to omeprazole when this drug was added to the steroid. Omeprazole might decrease the CSF production by about 26% according to experimental studies with healthy dogs, but the usage of the omeprazole in clinical trials with affected dogs such as hydrocephalic animals is lacking. The results of this report might suggest that omeprazole can be used added to steroids to ameliorate the neurological status in dogs with increased ICP by hydrocephalus.O tratamento médico para a hidrocefalia inclui a administração de medicamentos para limitar a produção do fluido cerebroespinhal (FCE), resultando em redução da pressão intracraniana (PIC). Este trabalho descreve os achados clínicos em um cão com hidrocefalia congênita não responsiva ao tratamento médico convencional com esteróides mas que apresentou boa resposta à associação omeprazolesteróides. O omeprazol pode diminuir a produção de FCE em cerca de 26% de acordo com estudos experimentais realizados com cães saudáveis. Porém, o uso do omeprazol em ensaios clínicos com cães enfermos, como os animais hidrocefálicos, não é descrito. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que o omeprazol pode ser empregado em associação ao corticóide para melhorar o estado neurológico em cães com aumento da PIC devido à hidrocefalia.

Feline morbillivirus was first identified in healthy and diseased stray cats captured in Hong Kong. Recently, it was demonstrated that the virus circulates within cat populations in Japan, Italy, Germany, and the USA. Importantly, an association between feline morbillivirus infection and chronic kidney disease was suggested by histological analysis of kidney tissue of infected cats. The aim of this study was to verify the presence and examine the genetic diversity of feline morbilliviruses associated with infections of domestic cats in Brazil. Seventeen cats without clinical manifestations of urinary tract diseases from a multi-cat household and 35 random client-owned cats admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital for a variety of reasons were evaluated for paramyxoviral infection and the presence of uropathy. A fragment of the paramyxoviral L gene was amplified from urine samples using a reverse transcription semi-nested PCR assay. For the first time, we detected a feline morbillivirus strain that was genetically related to viral strains previously characterized in Japan in urine samples from cats in South America, in Brazil. This together with the recent description of feline morbillivirus identification within cat populations in the USA, suggests a possible widespread distribution of this viral agent on the American continent. Our data demonstrated feline morbillivirus RNA shedding mostly in the urine of cats without clinical, laboratorial, or ultrasonographic signs of urinary tract diseases. In contrast to previously published findings that associated feline morbillivirus infection with chronic kidney disease, we did not observe a clear relationship between feline morbillivirus RNA shedding in urine and kidney disease in the cats evaluated.

Despite large vaccination practice, canine distemper virus (CDV) is yet an important infectious agent that leads to nervous disease in canine populations worldwide. Unfortunately, the clinical diagnosis of distemper encephalomyelitis is often difficult in cases presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection such as systemic signs and myoclonus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neurological deficits and the clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs suffering from neurological disease admitted in the absence of the conventional evidences of CDV infection. Dogs presented with central nervous disease in which toxic/traumatic or a CDV-free etiology could be excluded ante mortem were prospectively followed up and which that died (natural death or euthanasia, despite medical treatment) and necropsy was carried out were included in this study. Ten out of 35 evaluated dogs were post mortem diagnosed with CDV encephalomyelitis by both CDV RNA detection through RT-PCR assay in nervous tissue and observation of distemper-compatible neuroparenchymal lesions. According to the nervous signs, clinical history, and the age of presentation, the distemper dogs were grouped in three clinical syndromes of CDV encephalomyelitis: i) canine distemper encephalitis in immature dogs (CDEID) (n=3); ii) multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in mature dogs (MDEMD) (n=6); and iii) old dog encephalitis (ODE)-like syndrome (n=1). The respective nervous deficits expected from each one of the syndromes herein presented were discussed.Apesar da prática de vacinação, o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) ainda é um importante agente infeccioso que leva à doença neurológica na população canina em todo o mundo. Infelizmente, o diagnóstico clínico da encefalomielite pela cinomose é difícil nos casos apresentados sem evidências clínicas convencionais de infecção pelo CDV, tais como sinais sistêmicos e mioclonia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os déficits neurológicos e as síndromes clínicas da apresentação neurológica da cinomose em cães portadores de doença neurológica apresentados na ausência de evidências convencionais de infecção pelo CDV. Foram prospectivamente acompanhados cães que apresentaram doença do sistema nervoso central, onde a abordagem diagnóstica ante mortem excluiu outras afecções que não cinomose (etiologia tóxica, traumática, degenerativa, neoplásica, etc), sendo incluídos neste estudo os animais que vieram a óbito (morte natural ou eutanásia, apesar do tratamento médico) e foram necropsiados. Dez de 35 cães avaliados foram diagnosticados no post-mortem com encefalomielite pelo CDV pela detecção de RNA viral pelo RT-PCR no tecido nervoso e observação de lesões neuroparenquimatosas compatíveis com cinomose. De acordo com os sinais neurológicos, a história clínica e a idade de apresentação, os cães foram agrupados em três síndromes clínicas da forma neurológica da cinomose: i) encefalite pela cinomose canina em cães imaturos (CDEID) (n = 3); ii) encefalomielite multifocal pela cinomose em cães adultos (MDEMD) (n = 6); e iii) síndrome similar a encefalite do cão velho (ODE-like) (n = 1). Os respectivos déficits neurológicos esperados para cada uma das síndromes aqui apresentadas foram discutidos.

This article provides a critical review of current epidemiological trends of canine distemper virus (CDV) and syndromes related to canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) with specific reference to the situation in Brazil. Epidemiological data relative to susceptible animal populations, prevalence, seasonal occurrence, and age-related patterns associated with CDV are discussed. The participation of mongrel dogs in maintaining CDV within rural and semi-urban canine populations and their importance in the epidemiology of canine distemper is highlighted. The economic impact of treating the clinical manifestations associated with CDV-induced infections in Brazil is estimated. Additionally, neurological and neuropathological manifestations of CDV in Brazil are discussed, and a novel manifestation of CDE is proposed. Esse manuscrito fornece uma revisão crítica das tendências epidemiológicas associadas ao vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) e às síndromes relacionadas à encefalite por cinomose com referência específica à situação no Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos relativos às populações de animais suscetíveis, prevalência, sazonalidade e os padrões relacionados à idade foram discutidos. Também é enfocada nessa revisão a participação de cães de rua na manutenção do CDV nas populações caninas nas áreas rurais e nas regiões semiurbanas e a sua importância na epidemiologia da cinomose. Foi ainda estimado o impacto econômico relacionado ao tratamento das manifestações clínicas associadas à cinomose no Brasil. Adicionalmente, as manifestações neurológicas e neuropatológicas da cinomose no Brasil são discutidas e uma manifestação neuropatológica inédita da infecção é sugerida.

Bovine herpesvirus 5 is a DNA virus that has been associated with meningoencephalitis in young cattle. While its clinical diagnosis is obscured by other major diseases that also produce similar neurological disease in cattle, the use of conventional virological techniques is hampered by the establishment of a lifelong latent infection in the host and the difficulty in differentiating BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. The aim of the current report is to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects observed in a natural outbreak of BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis in a dairy cattle herd from Brazil. In the outbreak, the affected animals consisted of nine calves, which presented three possible forms of the neurological disease, subjectively classified as peracute, acute, and subacute/chronic. In contrast to conventional herpetic meningoencephalitis, characterized mainly by progressive multifocal brain dysfunctions, BoHV-5 infection resulted in focal non-progressive caudal brainstem dysfunction (pontomedullary syndrome) in an animal presented with subacute/chronic BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis. The evaluation of CNS tissue of affected calves through both histological examination and multiplex-PCR was able to confirm BoHV-5 infection. Additionally, the analysis of CSF samples through PCR allowed ante-mortem BoHV-5 diagnosis during the outbreak, which enabled the implementation of several measures of control for the disease.O herpesvírus bovino 5 é um vírus DNA que tem sido associado a casos de meningoencefalite em bovinos jovens. Enquanto o diagnóstico clínico da doença é dificultado pelo fato de outras enfermidades importantes também determinarem quadro neurológico em bovinos, a utilização de técnicas virológicas convencionais no diagnóstico laboratorial tem sido inviabilizada pela latência viral que ocorre no hospedeiro e pela dificuldade em se diferenciar o BoHV-1 do BoHV-5. O objetivo deste relato é o de descrever alguns aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos observados em um surto de meningoencefalite determinado pelo BoHV-5 em um rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Neste surto, nove bezerros afetados apresentaram três formas distintas da doença, subjetivamente classificadas como hiperaguda, aguda e subaguda/crônica. Diferentemente da meningoencefalite herpética convencional, caracterizada principalmente por disfunções cerebrais multifocais progressivas, a infecção pelo BoHV-5 resultou em disfunção focal não-progressiva do tronco encefálico (síndrome pontobulbar) em um animal apresentando a meningoencefalite subaguda/crônica por BoHV-5. As avaliações de tecido do sistema nervoso de bezerros afetados, por meio do exame histológico e da técnica de multiplex-PCR, confirmaram a infecção pelo BoHV-5. Adicionalmente, a análise de amostras de líquor por meio da PCR permitiu o diagnóstico ante-mortem da infecção pelo BoHV-5, fato que possibilitou a implementação de várias medidas de controle para a doença durante o surto.

The current article describes a spontaneous case of old dog encephalitis (ODE) in a 7–year-old, intact, female Miniature Schnauzer dog from Londrina, Paraná, southern Brazil. Unlike conventional distemper encephalomyelitis, ODE is a poorly understood and extremely rare manifestation of Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. The dog was presented with progressive clinical manifestations consistent with cerebral dysfunction. Briefly, histopathologic lesions were restricted to the forebrain and included chronic multifocal lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis with extensive perivascular cuffing, astrocytosis, and intranuclear inclusions within astrocytes and giant cells, with both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify the antigens of the nucleoprotein (NP) of CDV and to detect cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD79a, macrophage (MAC) 387, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin to characterize the neuroparenchymal lesions. By IHC, CDV NP was demonstrated predominantly within neurons and astrocytes. Cells that formed perivascular cuffs and some astrocyte-like cells reacted intensely to vimentin. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay from brain sections further confirmed a role for CDV in this disease by the amplification and partial sequence analysis of the NP gene. These findings confirmed simultaneous detection of CDV in ODE by IHC and molecular assays. In addition, results of the current study could contribute to the neuropathologic characterization of this rare manifestation of CDV.

When first described in 1946, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was characterized as an acute transmissible disease associated with severe leucopenia, high fever, depression, diarrhea, gastrointestinal erosions, and hemorrhages. Recently the severe acute form has been related only to some hypervirulent BVDV-2 strains. This article reports the detection of BVDV-1b associated with an acute and fatal outbreak of BVD in a Brazilian beef cattle herd. Depression, anorexia, watery diarrhea, sialorrhea, and weakness were observed in six steers. One of these animals was evaluated for laboratorial, clinical, and pathological alterations. Laboratory findings were non-specific; clinically, the animal was weak, with dehydration and erosive oral lesions. Pathological alterations were predominant at the tongue, esophagus, and rumen. A RT-PCR assay using primers to partially amplify the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the BVDV genome was performed and identified BVDV in all clinical samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of BVDV derived from lymph node revealed that this strain was clustered within the BVDV subtype 1b. This differentiating was only possible to be performed by molecular characterization since both clinical presentation and pathologic findings were similar to BVDV-2 infection.

The clinical diagnosis of distemper is difficult in dogs presented with nervous deficits in the absence of extraneural signs and myoclonus. The aim of this study is to verify how the clinicopathological findings may suggest distemper encephalomyelitis in such cases. We prospectively investigated 20 necropsied dogs presented with neurological signs without those characteristic signs of distemper at the time of hospital admission. Eight out of 20 dogs were diagnosed with distemper encephalomyelitis at post mortem by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and histological examination. Cerebellar and/or vestibular signs progressing to tetraparesis/plegia were frequent neurological signs. Abnormalities in hematologic findings were non-specific, nevertheless the cerebrospinal fluid evaluation could suggest canine distemper virus (CDV) infection by a lymphocytic pleocytosis. At post mortem chronic CDV encephalomyelitis was predominant. Our clinical results, as well as the predominance of chronic encephalomyelitis, differ from other studies about CDV encephalomyelitis with naturally infected dogs presenting extraneural signs and myoclonus.

Some tick-borne pathogens that infect domestic cats have been considered emergent in veterinary medicine. Occurrences of Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and Cytauxzoon spp. have been described in several regions of Brazil. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of a Hepatozoon sp. strain detected in domestic cats in the metropolitan area of Cuiaba, in Midwestern Brazil. Based on a molecular analysis, we detected the presence of Hepatozoon species circulating among cats in this region. The aforementioned strain is closely related to other isolates of H. felis detected in wild felids. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis indicates that this genotype is grouped into a clade of 18S rRNA sequences previously described for the genus Hepatozoon in wild felids around the world. Hepatozoon felis strains detected in cats from Spain and Israel showed, respectively, 98% and 97% identity to our sequence and are clustered on a separate branch of the phylogenetic tree. This finding suggests a high diversity of Hepatozoon genotypes occurring in cats in Europe and South America. None of the analyzed cats were positive for Babesia spp. or Cytauxzoon spp. by PCR analysis.

In dogs with neurological disturbances without myoclonus and extraneural signs, the clinical diagnosis of distemper is difficult perform. Considering the great infectious potential of the disease, the possibility of carrying out an antemortem diagnosis of distemper is important, particularly in hospitalized patients with neurological disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate RT-PCR for antemortem CDV detection in hospitalized dogs with neurological disturbances without the typical findings of distemper. We investigated five dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) encephalomyelitis, in which the clinical diagnosis was not performed owing to the absence of characteristic signs of the disease, such as myoclonus and systemic signs. We observed an apparent high sensitivity of RT-PCR in urine samples for detection of CDV: four out of five urine samples were RT-PCR positive. The results of the present study suggest that urine is a good biological sample for antemortem CDV detection by RT-PCR in dogs with distemper encephalomyelitis in which the clinical diagnosis is likely to be difficult owing to the absence of suggestive distemper signs. The use of two different body fluids (urine and CSF) may increase the RT-PCR sensitivity for antemortem diagnosis of distemper in such cases.

A case of multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in a mature dog is described. In the presented case the ante mortem clinical diagnosis of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection could not be ideally performed due to the absence of typical signs of distemper, such as myoclonus and systemic signs accompanying the nervous signs. The definitive diagnosis of distemper encephalomyelitis was only carried out at post mortem through virus isolation in cell culture from fresh central nervous system (CNS) fragments and CDV nucleoprotein gene detection in the CNS by RT-PCR.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000100032.pdf: 123319 bytes, checksum: 2eec616549457bf971468e6f387ae7e0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000100032.pdf: 123319 bytes, checksum: 2eec616549457bf971468e6f387ae7e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000100032.pdf: 123319 bytes, checksum: 2eec616549457bf971468e6f387ae7e0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000100032.pdf.txt: 12924 bytes, checksum: d172bef8774f077c028dca7085802505 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000100032.pdf: 123319 bytes, checksum: 2eec616549457bf971468e6f387ae7e0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000100032.pdf.txt: 12924 bytes, checksum: d172bef8774f077c028dca7085802505 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000100032.pdf: 123319 bytes, checksum: 2eec616549457bf971468e6f387ae7e0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000100032.pdf.txt: 12924 bytes, checksum: d172bef8774f077c028dca7085802505 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de co-infecção entre o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) e Toxoplama gondii em cães com sinais neurológicos. Amostras de soro e tecido nervoso (pos-mortem) de 21 cães, suspeitos de cinomose canina foram analisadas pela Reação de Imunofluorecência indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos contra T. gondii e N. caninum e por RT-PCR para CDV. Dezessete (80,9%) cães foram positivos para o CDV pela RT-PCR e 8 (38,1%) foram positivos para anticorpos contra T. gondii. Sete cães (41,1%) apresentaram-se positivos para ambos agentes, caracterizando processo de co-infecção. Somente 1 (4,7%) cão foi soropositivo para N. caninum (RIFI=100), entretanto este mesmo animal foi positivo para T. gondii (RIFI=4096) e para CDV (RT-PCR). Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de Cuiabá Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

This report describes the naturally occurring atypical neuropathological manifestation of systemic canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in two 16-day-old Pit Bull pups. CDV-induced changes affected the gray and white matter of the forebrain while sparing the hindbrain. Histologically, there was necrosis with destruction of the nervous parenchyma due to an influx of inflammatory and reactive cells associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within glial cells. Positive immunoreactivity against CDV antigens was predominantly observed within astrocytes and neurons. RT-PCR was used to amplify CDV-specific amplicons from brain fragments. These findings suggest the participation of CDV in the etiopathogenesis of these lesions.

The objective of this study was to report for the first time infection by Hepatozoon spp. and Babesia spp. in 10 dogs from the city of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, central-western Brazil. A pair of primers that amplifies a 574 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA of Hepatozoon spp., and a pair of primers that amplifies a 551 bp fragment of the gene 18S rRNA for Babesia spp. were used. Six dogs were positive for Babesia spp., and 9 were positive for Hepatozoon spp. Co-infection of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. was seen in 5 dogs. Sequenced samples revealed 100% identity with B. canis vogeli, and H. canis. This is the first molecular detection of H. canis in domestic dogs from Cuiabá. Additionally, it is described for the first time the presence of B. canis vogeli circulating among dogs in Cuiabá.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Several diagnostic assays have been employed to detect the presence of the virus in stool samples from calves. Despite this, the frequency of BCoV infection among Brazilian and even South American cattle herds has yet to be well characterised. This study describes the occurrence of BCoV infection among calves from dairy and beef herds in four Brazilian states. A total of 282 stool samples from 1 to 60-day-old calves were evaluated for the presence of BCoV by a semi-nested (SN) PCR assay. The animals were from herds (n = 23) located in three geographical regions in Brazil (south, southeast, and center-west). The specific BCoV amplicon was detected in 15.6% (44/282) of the faecal specimens examined, of which 95.4% (42/44) were from diarrhoeic and 4.6% (2/44) from asymptomatic calves. The specificity of the SN-PCR amplicons was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The results show that the BCoV is widespread, mainly among calves from 16 to 30-days-old (p = 0.0023), and verify the association between BCoV infection and clinical signs of diarrhoea (p = 0.005). These findings emphasise the importance of this virus in enteric infections of Brazilian cattle herds.

A 7-month-old dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Parana, Brazil with a 1-week history of seizure-like activity and compulsive walking. Neurological deficits included seizures, nystagmus, absence of a menace reaction, depressed postural reactions, spastic tetraparesis, opisthotonos, and spasticity of the thoracic limbs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation showed severe lymphocytic pleocytosis (554 cells/microL, with 70% lymphocytes) and a protein concentration of 17 mg/dL. The histopathologic findings in cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem obtained at necropsy were compatible with acute encephalomyelitis caused by canine distemper virus (CDV). Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CDV RNA was detected in both CSF and fragments of fresh brain tissue. The results indicated that CDV was the agent responsible for the clinical and laboratory presentation. Severe pleocytosis with lymphocyte predominance is an unusual finding in canine distemper and must be differentiated from granulomatous meningoencephalitis. RT-PCR on CSF is a useful, fast, and specific method to diagnose CDV infection in dogs.

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis have a worldwide distribution with geographic variation in prevalence and main clinical manifestations. We prospectively determined seroprevalence of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, and risk factors for seropositivity. Three hundred and eighty-one dogs were randomly selected to represent the canine population at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in south Brazil (latitude 23 degrees S). Dogs were tested with a point-of-care ELISA for Ehrlichia canis antibodies and IFA to confirm previous exposure to Babesia vogeli. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. One hundred and thirty-six (36%) dogs were seropositive for B. vogeli antibodies, whereas 87 (23%) dogs were seropositive to E. canis antibodies. Fifty-four (14%) dogs seroreacted to both agents. Adult dogs previously infested with ticks were more likely to seroreact to B. vogeli or E. canis. Superficial bleeding (OR = 12.4) was more common in dogs exposed to B. vogeli, whereas neurological signs (OR = 7.7) were more common in dogs seropositive to E. canis. Neurological signs (OR = 12.0) and lameness (OR = 12.8) were more prevalent in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms. Owners of dogs with ticks were more likely to have been exposed to ticks themselves (OR = 3.2). Canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis appear to be highly prevalent in this hospital population. Clinical signs differed from the most common signs in other regions with bleeding occurring more in dogs seropositive to babesiosis, but not ehrlichiosis; neurologic signs in dogs with E. canis antibodies; and lameness in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms.

RESUMO: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a prevalência e respectivos fatores de risco para infecção do Toxoplasma gondii em cães provenientes de uma população hospitalar. Além disso, avaliou-se as taxas de ocorrência e as repercussões clínico-patológicas da infecção aguda pelo T. gondii nesses animais. Anticorpos foram detectados em 7% (26/386) da população estudada, composta de 386 cães de ambos os sexos e diferentes raças e idades. Somente as variáveis, ingestão de vísceras, origem rural e contato com bovinos apresentaram valores significativos com p

Pestivírus suíno atípico (APPV) tem sido associado ao tremor congênito (TC) tipo A-II em leitões neonatos. Apesar do número de estudos sobre o APPV ter aumentado, as alterações histopatológicas, bem como outros aspectos relativos à caracterização antigênica e molecular do vírus e aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção em leitões ainda são pouco descritos. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi descrever os achados patológicos e moleculares associados à infecção simultânea de APPV e teschovírus suíno (PTV) em leitões com manifestações clínicas de TC provenientes de um rebanho do estado do Paraná com altas taxas de letalidade em animais recém-nascidos. Em 2017, foram relatados casos de TC em leitegadas com alta letalidade neonatal em um rebanho paranaense e três leitões da mesma leitegada que morreram espontaneamente foram enviados para diagnóstico. As principais alterações patológicas encontradas em todos os leitões foram desmielinização secundária e hipomielinização no cerebelo, tronco encefálico e medula espinhal confirmadas por histopatologia e coloração Luxol Fast Blue. Alterações histopatológicas adicionais incluíram necrose neuronal multifocal, neuronofagia e gliose encontrados no córtex cerebral e medula espinhal e enterite atrófica de todos os leitões e edema no mesocólon de um deles. RNA de APPV e de PTV foi detectado por nested-RT-PCR no sistema nervoso central (SNC) dos leitões afetados, sendo que PTV também foi detectado no intestino e nas fezes. As alterações patológicas e os resultados moleculares demonstram que os leitões avaliados apresentavam infecção por APPV e PTV, o que pode ter ocasionado a alta letalidade (100%) de leitões recém-nascidos identificada nesse caso. No segundo estudo foram descritas as características histopatológicas da infecção espontânea singular por APPV em quatro leitões com sinais clínicos de TC. Os quatro leitões de dois dias de idade com TC foram avaliados por histopatologia, imunohistoquímica (IHQ) e análise molecular. As principais alterações histopatológicas no encéfalo e medula espinhal incluíram necrose neuronal, gliose, neuronofagia, satelitose, desmielinização, degeneração walleriana e necrose de células de purkinje. Na IHQ, realizada com o objetivo de detectar a proliferação da proteína ácida fibrilar glial (GFAP) em áreas afetadas do encéfalo e medula espinhal, demonstrou que a proliferação de células GFAP positivas e fibras era predominante em leitões com TC infectados com APPV em relação a leitões assintomáticos não infectados da mesma idade. As reações de nested-RT-PCR identificaram RNA de APPV no cérebro, cerebelo e tronco cerebral de todos os leitões, enquanto outros vírus (teschovírus suíno, sapelovírus suíno e vírus Seneca Valley) conhecidos por induzir sinais clínicos semelhantes não foram identificados. Estes resultados sugerem que as alterações histopatológicas induzidas pela infecção singular por APPV nos leitões avaliados são predominantemente degenerativas e necróticas e correlacionadas com as alterações identificadas no primeiro estudo. Com estes resultados podemos sugerir que a necrose neuronal, a gliose, a neuronofagia e a satelitose possam ser consideradas características histológicas importantes da infecção induzida por APPV em leitões recém-nascidos com sinais clínicos de TC. Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in neonatal piglets. Although the number of APP-based studies is increasing, the histopathological alterations and other aspects related to the antigenic and molecular characterization of the virus and epidemiological aspects of the infection in piglets are still underreported. The objective of the first study was to describe the pathological and molecular findings associated with simultaneous infection of APPV and porcine teschovirus (PTV) in piglets with clinical manifestations of CT from a herd of Paraná State with high rates of lethality in newborn piglets. In 2017, CT cases were reported in litters with high neonatal mortality in a pig herd from Paraná and three piglets from the same litter that died spontaneously were sent for diagnosis. The main pathological alterations in all piglets were secondary demyelination and hypomyelination at the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord confirmed by histopathology and luxol fast blue?cresyl violet stain. Additional histopathological alterations included multifocal neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia and gliosis found in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of all piglets, and atrophic enteritis in all piglets and mesocolonic oedema in one piglet. APPV and PTV RNA was detected by nested-RT-PCR in the central nervous system of affected piglets, and PTV was also detected in the intestine and faeces. The pathological alterations and molecular results together suggested that the piglets evaluated had a dual infection by APPV and PTV, which probably was the cause of the high lethality (100%) of newborn piglets identified in this case. In the second study the histopathologic features of singular spontaneous APPV infection in four piglets with clinical signs of CT were described. Four two-day-old piglets with CT were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular assay. The main histopathologic alterations at the brain and spinal cord included neuronal necrosis, gliosis, neuronophagia, satellitosis, demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and Purkinje cell necrosis. In the IHC assay, performed to detect the proliferation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in affected areas of the brain and spinal cord revealed that the proliferation of GFAP+ cells and fibers was predominant in APPV-infected piglets relative to asymptomatic piglets of the same age group. The nested-RT-PCR assays identified APPV RNA in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem of all piglets, while other viruses (PTV, PSV, SVV) known to induce similar clinical signs were not identified. These results suggested that the histopathological alterations induced by singular APPV infection are predominantly degenerative and necrotic and correlate with alterations identified in the first study. With these results we can suggest that neuronal necrosis, gliosis, neuronophagia, and satellitosis should be considered as important histologic features of APPV-induced infection in newborn piglets with clinical signs of CT.