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ObjectivesIn the face of escalating global aridification, this study examines the complex relationship between climate variability, air pollution, natural disasters, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in arid regions.MethodsThe study conducted a scoping review of multiple databases using JBI guidelines and included 74 studies.ResultsThe results show that acute myocardial infarction (n = 20) and stroke (n = 13) are the primary CVDs affected by these factors, particularly affecting older adults (n = 34) and persons with hypertension (n = 3). Elevated air temperature and heat waves emerge as critical risk factors for CVD, exacerbating various cardiovascular mechanisms. Atmospheric pollutants and natural disasters increase this risk. Indirect effects of disasters amplify risk factors such as socioeconomic vulnerability (n = 4), inadequate medical care (n = 3), stress (n = 3), and poor diet (n = 2), increasing CVD and DM risk.ConclusionThe study underscores the need for nations to adhere to the Paris Agreement, advocating for reduced air pollutants, resilient environments, and collaborative, multidisciplinary research to develop targeted health interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of climate, pollution, and natural disasters.

The cultivation of cover plants is a strategy for improving the agricultural production environment and providing straw for soil cover in the no-tillage system, in addition to cycling and providing nutrients to succeeding crops. This study aimed to assess the dry matter yield and nutrients accumulation by cover plants grown alone or intercropped in the second crop after soybean and their effects on cotton grown in succession. The treatments were: Urochloa ruziziensis; Pennisetum glaucum(millet); Zea mays (corn); Crotalaria spectabilis; Crotalaria ochroleuca; Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea); corn + U.ruziziensis; C.spectabilis + U.ruziziensis; C.ochroleuca + U.ruziziensis; pigeon pea + U.ruziziensis; corn + C.spectabilis; corn + C.ochroleuca; and corn + pigeon pea. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replications, and the experiment was carried out in two crop seasons. In the cotton pre-seeding, the maximum amount of corn straw dry matter was 2,699 kg ha-1, with low macronutrient contents. The pigeon pea intercropped with U. ruziziensis produced between 8,400 and 12,941 kg ha-1 of dry matter, with a maximum content of 223 and 323 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and potassium, respectively. The U. ruziziensis, grown alone or intercropped, provided between 140 and 323 kg ha-1 of potassium in the straw. A high yield is obtained by cotton grown in the no-tillage system in succession to C. spectabilis.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the population dynamics of the burrower bug (Scaptocoris castanea) in an area with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivated after cover crops. The insects were counted in soil samples collected at 0-40 cm depth. Insect incidence was documented in 18 cover crops, alone or intercropped, in each plant stage. Rainfall distribution was compared with fluctuations in the burrower bug population. Crotalaria species have a suppressive effect on the insect population, whereas some grass species favor its increase. Rainfall distribution directly influences the insect population.

Most studies about soil organic carbon stock changes in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome are either related to field data collected in clayey Ferralsols or different land uses, as if they were in equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tillage systems and crop sequences on the soil organic carbon stock and crop yield, in a sandy Ferralsol from Bahia, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. Soil samples were collected after five years of cotton, soybean and maize monocropping under heavy disk harrow and leveling harrow (conventional tillage), and of crop rotation of cotton, soybean and maize with green manure or cover crop (no-tillage). Additional samples were collected from a non-cultivated site (Neotropical Savanna, Cerrado sensustricto). Soil conservation practices such as no-tillage and crop rotation with cover crop and green manure favored the soil organic carbon stock at the 0-40 cm layer, with the highest values reaching 36.03 Mg ha-1. The accrued soil carbon stock under conventional tillage and monoculture of cotton, maize and soybean was lower than under no-tillage, which ranged from 30.9 to 54.9 %, with the soil organic carbon stock increasing at the annual rate of 2.36 Mg ha-1 during five years. The no-tillage, with the soybean-maize-cotton rotation, in combination with cover crop and green manure, increased the cotton and soybean yields, with a simultaneous organic carbon accumulation in the sandy soil.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of build direction on the mechanical properties of AISI 316L stainless steel using the Laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) process, in the as-built and heat-treated conditions. The test specimens were manufactured in vertical and horizontal directions for tensile and impact tests. In addition, analysis test specimens cube-shaped were manufactured for microstructural and microhardness evaluation. The microstructure in the as-built condition showed a combination of cellular, equiaxial dendritic, cellular dendritic and columnar dendritic, while the microstructure in the heat-treated condition showed a homogeneous characteristic, composed by differently sized grains. The microhardness evaluation in the heat-treated condition presented a reduction of 26.52% compared to the as-build condition. The ultimate tensile strength of horizontal test specimens in the as-built condition was 4.86% higher than the heat-treated condition, whereas the ultimate tensile strength of vertical test specimens in the as-built condition was 5.55% higher than the heat-treated condition. The impact resistance of horizontal test specimens in the heat-treated condition was 12.36% higher than the as-built condition, whereas the impact resistance of vertical test specimens in the heat-treated condition was 18.92% higher than the as-built condition. Briefly, the build direction directly affects the mechanical properties of components manufactured through the L-DED process, and it is possible to improve certain mechanical properties, such as ductility and toughness, through heat treatment.

Arinosaster patriciae gen. nov. et sp. nov. is the second continental sponge registered for a subterranean environment (cave habitat) in Brazil and the Neotropical Region. The sponges were recorded and collected in a 5m depth technical dive in a sinkhole of Rio Claro, tributary of Rio Arinos, Tapajós system, Amazon Basin (-13.8170386, -56.6914225) at the locality of Sumidouro do Rio Claro, Municipality of Diamantino, state of Mato Grosso, central western Brazil. The cave is placed in sandstone rocks of the Parecis Group (Upper Cretaceous). “In situ” photographs of colonies, of living specimens, SEM illustrations of dissociated spicules as well as of the skeletal structure, are presented. The occurrence of euaster microscleres of the type spherasters are for the first time reported for continental sponges but, also new, is the occurrence of spongin fibers, composing with fibers of silicious spicules in the skeletal arrangement. The absence of gemmules in the studied material and the fact that new specimens remain undetected call for the proposition of a new monospecific genus to be retained as Incertae Sedis until new and gemmuliferous colonies are found.

Smart Grids are composed of many features and new technologies which are gradually incorporated to traditional electrical networks. Smart Metering is one of these new features, it remotely manages consumers, enables fraud prevention, identifies faults and shutdowns, and manages distribution transformers, among others. In this context, this paper presents the development of a complete Smart Metering System which utilizes Power Line Communication (PLC) technology considering the standard PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) applied in a typical Brazilian urban electrical network. The results analysis shows that the standard PRIME, although quite widespread in the European community, presents several operational constraints in the Brazilian electrical network affecting its performance in terms of communication, but not preventing its use. Therefore, it is urgent to apply new technical standards and that inspection agencies work to ensure that such standards will be applied, under the penalty of making unfeasible the use of the new communication technologies for the environment of the Smart Grids in the Brazilian scenario.

A sobrecarga de nutrientes em reservatórios artificiais pode representar um risco para a saúde humana e para a biodiversidade aquática. Assim, o estado trófico de um reservatório é uma característica importante para o entendimento das suas condições ambientais e seus possíveis usos. Sua descrição pode ser feita com base na concentração de nutrientes, principalmente o fósforo. Dessa forma, este trabalho testou a hipótese de que o fósforo total é o nutriente limitante do crescimento fitoplanctônico em reservatórios do semiárido brasileiro. Três modelos empíricos foram utilizados para inferir o status de nutriente limitante. Além disso, uma análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para estabelecer a relação de causalidade entre nutrientes (nitrogênio total — NT e fósforo total — PT) e a produção algal. Os resultados não confirmaram a hipótese. Conforme dois modelos utilizados, o NT foi o fator preponderante para a produção algal em cerca de 60% dos reservatórios, fato também observado na análise de regressão linear. Segundo o critério de Carlson, a herbivoria pode ser um importante fator do desenvolvimento algal. Assim, nossos resultados mostraram que a eutrofização por ambos os nutrientes, relevantemente o NT, e a herbivoria merecem ser considerados.

The Mesozoic Teleostei †Ichthyodectiformes presents a widespread distribution in marine brackish and freshwater deposits worldwide. The Brazilian fossil record of this group is represented by five nominal genera distributed exclusively in the sedimentary basins of Northeast Brazil (cf. Parnaíba, Sergipe-Alagoas, Recôncavo, Tucano, and Araripe). In the Araripe basin, the unique representative of the order is †Cladocyclus gardneri, restricted to the Crato and Romualdo Formations. Recent collecting efforts carried out in the Araripe Basin led to the discovery of two specimens of †Cladocyclidae. Based on the comparison with the known Brazilian taxa, we conclude that this new record represents a new genus and species of this clade. †Cladocynodon araripensis represents the first vertebrate described from the dark shales of the “Batateira Beds” of the Barbalha Formation and differs from the other †Cladocyclidae by the presence of hypertrophied bony fangs at the anterior region of the dentary, with other relatively small true teeth abruptly reduced posteriorly, and by presenting premaxillary and maxillary teeth significantly reduced in size. †Cladocynodon araripensis increases the anatomic diversity and temporal range of †Cladocyclidae in Gondwana.

ABSTRACT Adequate potassium (K) fertilization is essential for agricultural production in soils of the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado biome) due to the high demand by crops (especially cotton), likelihood of leaching losses, and the dependence on fertilizer importations. Therefore, sustainability requires improvements in the soil efficiency management. This study evaluated the influence of soil management and crop succession or rotation combinations with cotton on K dynamics and exchangeable reserves in the soil profile, and the partial balance of K after nine years of cultivation in a clayey Oxisol in the Cerrado. The soil was sampled in layers up to 100 cm depth in four cotton production systems treatments: 1) conventional soil tillage (CST) with cotton monoculture; 2) CST with annual cotton-soybean-cotton succession; 3) CST with cotton/soybean/maize rotation; and 4) no-tillage system (NTS) with cotton/soybean/maize rotation and Urochloa ruziziensis (ruzigrass) as a cover crop in the off-season after grain crops. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replications. CST with cotton monoculture favored the leaching of K surplus from fertilization. Crop rotation including ruzigrass in the NTS allowed better control of K dynamics, ensuring its circulation in the soil-plant compartments and reducing leaching. The increased organic matter (OM) in this system enlarges the storage capacity of K in the topsoil. The adoption of no-tillage crop systems integrating ruzigrass is viable to improve the efficiency of K fertilizers in cotton cultivation in highly weathered tropical soils.

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n−1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application.

Electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors (SCs) are widely studied, as they are needed for the development of energy storage devices in electrical vehicles and flexible electronics. In the current work, a self-supported paper of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with polycarbonate (PC) (as rGO-PC composite) was prepared by simple vacuum filtration and low-temperature annealing. rGO-PC as a freestanding single electrode was studied in a three-electrode system and presented a capacitive energy storage mechanism. To fabricate SCs based on rGO-PC, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with layers of both Cu tape (Cu tape) and carbon tape (C tape) (PET/Cu/C), as well as PET covered by graphene ink (PET/GrI), were used as supports. Fabricated flexible symmetric SCs have shown similar behavior with a higher areal capacitance value than that on PET/Cu/C substrate.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter yield of cover crops and their suppressive effects on weeds. The experiment was carried out during three years in a cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil, and consisted of 16 treatments with fallow and cover crops cultivated in single cropping and intercropping. Fallow allowed high weed infestation. Cover crops affected the composition of weeds, which showed greater diversity in fallow, followed by the Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' and Cajanus cajan crops. In the average of the three experimental years, the highest dry matter yield was observed for the treatments Panicum maximum (10,857 kg ha-1), Urochloa brizantha 'Piatã' (11,437 kg ha-1), U. ruziziensis (9,463 kg ha-1), and U. ruziziensis intercropped with Crotalaria spectabilis (9,167 kg ha-1), which prevented weed infestation. Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' had a low dry matter yield (

Human activities both aggravate and alleviate streamflow drought. Here we show that aggravation is dominant in contrasting cases around the world analysed with a consistent methodology. Our 28 cases included different combinations of human-water interactions. We found that water abstraction aggravated all drought characteristics, with increases of 20%–305% in total time in drought found across the case studies, and increases in total deficit of up to almost 3000%. Water transfers reduced drought time and deficit by up to 97%. In cases with both abstraction and water transfers into the catchment or augmenting streamflow from groundwater, the water inputs could not compensate for the aggravation of droughts due to abstraction and only shift the effects in space or time. Reservoir releases for downstream water use alleviated droughts in the dry season, but also led to deficits in the wet season by changing flow seasonality. This led to minor changes in average drought duration (−26 to +38%) and moderate changes in average drought deficit (−86 to +369%). Land use showed a smaller impact on streamflow drought, also with both increases and decreases observed (−48 to +98%). Sewage return flows and pipe leakage possibly counteracted the effects of increased imperviousness in urban areas; however, untangling the effects of land use change on streamflow drought is challenging. This synthesis of diverse global cases highlights the complexity of the human influence on streamflow drought and the added value of empirical comparative studies. Results indicate both intended and unintended consequences of water management and infrastructure on downstream society and ecosystems.

No-tillage cotton systems require soil coverage with cover crop residue for a longer time due to the late cycle of cotton. However, decomposition rates may vary between cover crops, and the adjustment of models to describe it is critical to no-tillage cotton management. Two non-linear regression models, exponential (EM) and Michaelis-Menten (MM), were adjusted to dry matter decomposition of cover crops in a cotton no-tillage system, in Brazil. Three field trials were performed in 2012 for the cover crops Urochloa ruziziensis (brachiaria), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), and Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Samples of cover crop were collected at 20, 50, 70, 110, 140, and 170 days after sowing upland cotton to measure dry matter decomposition. MM showed better adjustment than EM for all cover crops. The estimations of half-life parameters were different between the cover crops, suggesting that each cover crop has its own rate of decomposition. For pearl millet, brachiaria, and pigeon pea, the half-life estimation by exponential model was over the MM in 9, 12, and 12 days.

Sustainable production systems, such as the no-tillage system (NTS), have a tendency to increase organic carbon in the soil. However, in Brazilian cotton production, the conventional tillage system (CTS) is predominant, and long-term studies on cotton crop under the NTS are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil management and crop rotation systems on the cotton fiber yield as well as on the carbon and nitrogen accumulation in the soil. This study was conducted in the Brazilian savanna over 9 years and consisted of the following four treatments with different soil management systems: the NTS and CTS with the succession or rotation of crops (cotton, soybean, maize, and Urochloa ruziziensis). The NTS increased the carbon content by 55% in the top 5 cm after 9 years and increased the carbon stock by approximately 20% at a depth of up to 40 cm. Crop rotation with soybean, maize, and cotton was insufficient to increase the carbon stock in the soil under the CTS. In addition to increasing the fiber yield, the cotton crop in a NTS rotated with soybean + U. ruziziensis and with maize + U. ruziziensis increases the carbon stock and nitrogen content in soil.

O sistema de produção predominante na cultura do algodoeiro é o sistema convencional de manejo do solo, que tem proporcionado degradação dos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) e do Sistema Convencional de Manejo do Solo (SC) sobre a produtividade de fibra das cultivares BRS Cedro, BRS Jatobá e BRS Araçá, foram conduzidos experimentos em Primavera do Leste, MT, no período de 2006/2007 a 2012/2013. O algodoeiro foi cultivado em SPD, obedecendo à seguinte sequência para os períodos de verão e outono-inverno, respectivamente: ano 1) soja/Urochloa ruziziensis; ano 2) milho + U. ruziziensis/U. ruziziensis; ano 3) algodão/pousio; ano 4) soja/U. ruziziensis e em SC, com mobilização do solo e sem rotação de culturas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com parcelas subdivididas: nas parcelas (10 m x 30 m) foram alocados os sistemas de manejo de solo e nas subparcelas (10 m x 10 m) as cultivares. O sistema de manejo do solo, não tem efeito sobre a produtividade de fibra.

The second crop narrow row cotton under rainfed conditions, after soybean or common bean harvest, has increased in the Midwest Brazilian Savannah. This change in sowing date exposes cotton plants to adverse environmental conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of cotton cultivars, plant densities and sowing dates on cotton yield. The experiments were conducted over three consecutive years. In each year, the treatments were two sowing dates (second half of January and first half of February), cultivars (early and mid-cycle) and plant densities (8.9-33.3 plants m-2). Cotton was sowed in the second crop, after the early soybean harvest. In each sowing date, experiments were conducted in a split-plot randomized blocks design, with cultivars arranged in plots and densities in subplots. Cotton yield in the second crop growth season was little affected by plant densities and cultivars. Late sowing reduced plant height, number of bolls per unit area and cotton lint yield. In the second sowing date, lint yield decreased nearly 25 %, 17 % and 41 %, respectively in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Sowing date is the most important factor for cotton production in a second crop.

BRS 369RF and BRS 370RF were developed by the EMBRAPA as a part of efforts to create high-yielding germplasm with combinations of transgenic traits. BRS 369RF and BRS 370RF are midseason cultivars and have yield stability, adaptation to the central Brazilian savanna, good fiber quality and tolerance to glyphosate herbicide.

Estudo qualitativo descritivo que descreve dificuldades e estratégias de estudantes de um programa de pós-graduação em medicina para escrever e publicar artigos, derivados de seus trabalhos de mestrado e doutorado, em periódicos indexados pelo JCR-ISI Web ofKnowledge; com base na análise de conteúdo de respostas a um questionário aplicado com 43 estudantes. As dificuldades destacadas foram a falta de treino na escrita em língua inglesa, a compreensão e cumprimento de normas dos periódicos e a tradução de termos científicos. As estratégias utilizadas são a leitura de artigos em inglês, a redação do artigo desde o início em língua inglesa e a organização de uma estrutura básica do texto. Além disso, os estudantes tem recebido ajuda de revisores, nacionais e estrangeiros, como orientadores, coorientadores e revisores profissionais em língua inglesa, configurando uma rede de apoio de suporte a essa atividade.

Mepiquat chloride (MC) is widely used for controlling cotton plant growth. Shoot growth modifications may affect root growth and, consequently, interfere with the cotton sensitivity to water deficit. This study aimed at evaluating the water deficit effects, in initial phenological stages of cotton plants from seeds treated with MC doses, on shoot and root growth. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, in Santa Helena de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil, in a randomized blocks design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme: four growth regulator doses (0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g of active ingredient of MC per kg of seed) and four water stress conditions (without water deficit and initial water deficit in three vegetative growth stages: V1, V3 and V5), with four replications. Shoot and root dry matter, as well as cotton plant height, decreased with the increase of MC doses. The water deficit between V1 and V5 reduced shoot and root dry matter. The water deficit also increased the inhibitory effect of MC applied via seeds on cotton plants shoot and root dry matter.

Biotic and abiotic stresses can alter the hormone balance and trigger the activation of pathways involved in the cotton stress responses, resulting in the abscission of squares, flowers and young bolls and consequent reductions in the seed cotton yield and fiber yield. As part of the mechanism that primarily regulates the protective response of plants against stresses, ethylene is considered a key hormone involved in this response, and increased ethylene synthesis has been observed when plants are subjected to stress. Thus, the development of strategies aimed to mitigate their negative effects can reduce the shed rate of reproductive structures and positively impact cotton productivity. For this purpose, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a compound that inhibits the action of ethylene, and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, were sprayed on cotton plants to investigate their effects on the seed cotton yield (SCY), fiber yield (FY), fiber percentage (% Fiber) and final stand of plants (STAND) during two cotton growth seasons (2010 and 2011). To this end, experiments were performed in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Our results demonstrate that the inhibitors of ethylene synthesis and action increased the seed cotton and fiber yield during both growing seasons. The results obtained after AVG spraying in the initial reproductive phase (first square emission) presented the highest values for the cotton yield components and are the first record of the success of this method in Brazil.A ocorrência de estresses bióticos e abióticos pode alterar o balanço hormonal e desencadear a ativação de vias envolvidas nas respostas do algodoeiro a estresses, resultando na abscisão de botões, flores e maçãs em desenvolvimento e em menor rendimento de algodão em caroço e de fibras. Como parte desses mecanismos que primariamente regulam as respostas protetivas da planta contra estresses, o etileno é considerado um hormônio chave, envolvido nessas respostas e aumentos em seu nível de síntese têm sido verificados em plantas submetidas a quaisquer tipos de estresse. Assim, o desenvolvimento de estratégias objetivando mitigar os seus efeitos negativos poderia reduzir a taxa de queda de estruturas reprodutivas e impactar positivamente na produtividade de fibras. Com esse propósito, 1-methylcyclopropeno (1-MCP), um composto inibidor da ação do etileno e aminoethoxyvinylglycina (AVG), um inibidor da sua síntese foram aplicados sobre o algodoeiro para investigar seus efeitos sobre o rendimento de algodão em caroço, de fibras, a percentagem de fibras e o stand final de plantas durante duas estações de crescimento (2010 e 2011). Assim, experimentos a campo em delineamento blocos casualizados completo com cinco repetições foram conduzidos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os inibidores da síntese e da ação de etileno aumentaram o rendimento de algodão em caroço e de fibras em ambas as estações de crescimento. Os resultados obtidos pelo uso do AVG aplicado na fase reprodutiva inicial (primeiro botão floral) evidenciaram os maiores valores para os componentes de rendimento analisados, sendo os primeiros resultados obtidos no Brasil com tal propósito.

This study conducted a survey on how researchers have been carrying on the theory and methodology of conceptual profiles assembly of Biology concepts. In eight selected works, an assessment of the theoretical framework and tools for collecting and analyzing data was made. It was observed that authors use the same theoretical and methodological framework proposed for the Conceptual Profile Approach, but they also use additional frameworks and statistical methods in data handling, aiming advances in research. Not all studies were able to define conceptual profiles for the addressed notions, because they did not always met all the necessary conditions. Teaching approaches based on this notion contributes to students' enrichment and awareness of the multi-dimensional character of a scientific concept.

Para analisar como os recursos audiovisuais (RAVs) estão sendo apropriados pela área de Educação em Ciências no Brasil, foi feito um levantamento sobre esta temática de pesquisa em periódicos da área. Foram selecionados 11 artigos, que foram analisados quanto aos tópicos e questões de pesquisa, referenciais teóricos usados, recomendações, concepção de audiovisual e perfil dos autores. Os resultados mostraram que a maior parte não se caracteriza como pesquisa, sendo o tópico predominante ensino-aprendizagem (recursos). A concepção de audiovisual implícita nos trabalhos indica que seu uso é considerado na perspectiva da instrumentalidade. Todos os artigos trazem algum tipo de recomendação para o uso de RAVs, muitas delas técnicas. Além disso, falta maior interdisciplinaridade entre a área de Educação em Ciências e o referencial teórico-metodológico de audiovisual/comunicação.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção, a persistência e os efeitos de coberturas vegetais sobre as plantas daninhas e a produtividade do algodoeiro em sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos consistiram das espécies de cobertura: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), capim-pé-de-galinha (Eleusine coracana L. Gaerth), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), P. glaucum + C. juncea, P. glaucum + C. spectabilis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis, S. bicolor + C. juncea, S. bicolor + C. spectabilis, E. coracana + C. juncea, E. coracana + C. spectabilis, A. strigosa + R. sativus, P. glaucum + R. sativus e pousio. As espécies foram semeadas no final do verão, após a colheita de soja, e o algodoeiro BRS 269-Buriti, nove meses após. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As espécies B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis e P. glaucum + R. sativus produziram mais de 6,8 t ha-1 de biomassa seca. A palhada produzida pela B. ruziziensis garantiu boa cobertura do solo durante o ciclo do algodoeiro. A biomassa seca de B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea e B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis reduziu a infestação de plantas daninhas até a época de semeadura do algodão e durante os estádios iniciais de seu desenvolvimento. Palhas de R. sativus e A. strigosa, solteiras e consorciadas, interferiram negativamente na produtividade do algodoeiro.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção, a persistência da matéria seca e a eficiência da dessecação em espécies vegetais utilizadas para cultivos de cobertura do solo, e quantificar seus efeitos sobre a produtividade do algodoeiro em plantio direto. O trabalho foi realizado em Santa Helena de Goiás, GO, com 16 tratamentos: Panicum maximum, cultivares Mombaça, Tanzânia e Massai; Urochloa brizantha, cultivares Piatã, Xaraés, Marandu e MG4; U. decumbens; Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca; Sorghum bicolor cultivares Santa Eliza e BRS 700; Pennisetum glaucum cv. ADR 500; Raphanus sativus; Eleusine coracana, Crotalaria spectabilis, além da testemunha em pousio. As espécies foram semeadas no início de março (2007). As espécies com menores produtividades e persistência da matéria seca foram C. spectabilis, E. coracana e R. sativus. As produtividades de algodão em caroço e fibra foram maiores no cultivo sobre palhas residuais das cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça de P. maximum, em comparação às observadas com uso de P. atratum cv. Pojuca, R. sativus e pousio. Em geral, S. bicolor, P. glaucum e as cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça de P. maximum, e MG4, Piatã e Xaraés de U. brizantha apresentam produção e persistência da matéria seca adequadas para o cultivo do algodoeiro no sistema de plantio direto, no cerrado brasileiro.The objectives of this work were to evaluate biomass production and persistence and the desiccation efficiency in plant species used as cover crops, and to quantify its effects on cotton yield in a no-tillage system. The study was carried out in Santa Helena de Goiás, GO, Brazil, using 16 plant species: Panicum maximum, cultivars Mombaça, Tanzânia and Massai; Urochloa brizantha, cultivars Piatã, Xaraés, Marandu and MG4; U. decumbens; Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca; Sorghum bicolor cultivars Santa Eliza and BRS 700; Pennisetum glaucum cv. ADR 500; Raphanus sativus; Eleusine coracana, Crotalaria spectabilis, and fallow plants as control. The species were sown early in March-2007. The lower dry biomass productivity and persistence were obtained with C. spectabilis, E. coracana, and R. sativus. Cotton seed and lint yield were higher when it was cultivated after the cultivars Tanzânia and Mombaça of P. maximum, in comparison to the ones observed using P. atratum cv. Pojuca, R. sativus, and fallow plants. Generally, S. bicolor, P. glaucum and the cultivars Tanzânia and Mombaça of P. maximum, and MG4, Piatã and Xaraés of U. brizantha have biomass persistence and productivity suitable for cotton cultivation in no-tillage systems in the Brazilian savannah.

Objetivando avaliar a influência da época de aplicação e do parcelamento da dose de molibdênio, aplicado via foliar sobre os componentes da produção e índice SPAD do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variedade Meia Noite, conduziram-se dois experimentos em área da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no município de Coimbra, MG, semeados em março e julho de 2002. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 1- testemunha, sem Mo; 2- 80 g ha-1 de Mo aplicados 15 dias após a emergência (DAE); 3- 40 g ha-1 de Mo aplicados 15 DAE e 40 g ha-1 20 DAE; 4- 40 g ha-1 de Mo 15 DAE e 40 g ha-1 25 DAE; 5- 40 gha-1 de Mo 15 DAE e 40 g ha-1 30 DAE; 6- 80 gha-1 de Mo 20 DAE; 7- 40 g ha-1 de Mo 20 DAE e 40 g ha-1 25 DAE; 8- 40 g ha-1 de Mo 20 DAE e 40 gha-1 30 DAE; 9- 80 g ha-1 de Mo 25 DAE; 10- 40 g ha-1 de Mo 25 DAE e 40 g ha-1 30 DAE. Os dados dos dois experimentos foram submetidos a uma análise conjunta. A adubação foliar molíbdica aumenta a produtividade e o índice SPAD no cultivo de verão-outono com início aos 15 e 20 DAE, mas não aos 25 DAE. O parcelamento da dose não aumenta a produtividade. No cultivo de inverno-primavera, os tratamentos com molibdênio aumentam a produtividade.A field trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the foliar application and dose partitioning of molybdenum on yield components and SPAD index of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), var. Meia Noite, sowed in March and in July of 2002, in an area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Coimbra, MG. The randomized block experimental design was used with ten treatments and four replicates: The appraised treatments were: 1 control, without Mo; 2 - 80 g ha-1 Mo applied at 15 days after emergency (DAE); 3 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 15 DAE, and 40g at 20 DAE; 4 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 15 DAE, and 40 g ha-1 Mo at 25 DAE; 5 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 15 DAE, and 40 g ha-1 Mo at 30 DAE; 6 - 80 g ha-1 Mo applied at 20 DAE; 7 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 20 DAE, and 40 g ha-1 Mo at 25 DAE; 8 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 20 DAE, and 40 g ha-1 Mo at 30 DAE; 9 80 g ha-1 Mo applied at 25 DAE; 10 - 40 g ha-1 Mo applied at 25 DAE, and 40 g ha-1 Mo at 30 DAE. ). Data of two trials were submitted to combined analysis. Molybdenum foliar spray increased yield and SPAD index in summer-autumn cultivation when started 15 or 20 DAE, but not 25 DAE. Dose partitioning had no effect on yield increase yield. In winter-spring cultivation, all molybdenum treatments increased yield.

The fauna of eight sandstone caves of the region of Altinópolis, (Serra Geral Arenitic Speleological province, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil) was surveyed. Our results improve the previous faunistic knowledge of the region, recording 15 new occurrences for Brazilian caves and 26 for Brazilian sandstone caves. The fauna is characterized by a large number of detritivores/omnivores such as crickets and cockroaches, and several predators like spiders and heteropterans in bat guano.A fauna de oito cavernas areníticas da região de Altinópolis (província espeleológica arenítica da Serra Geral, Estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil) foi amostrada. Nossos resultados aumentaram o conhecimento faunístico prévio da região, com o registro de 15 novas ocorrências para cavernas brasileiras e 26 para cavernas brasileiras em arenito. A fauna é caracterizada por um grande número de detritívoros/carnívoros tais como grilos e baratas, diversos predadores tais como aranhas e heterópteros no guano de morcego.

The production of seeds with high molybdenum (Mo) content is a practical and inexpensive way of supplying its plants with this micronutrient. The objectives of this study were to estimate the relation among Mo rates sprayed over common bean plants cultivated in soil with pH of 6.1 and Mo contents in seeds of the Ouro Negro cultivar, and evaluate the performance of plants originated from those seeds. For that, two trials were carried out at the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. In the first trial, plants were sprayed with 0 g ha-1, 90 g ha-1, 250 g ha-1, 500 g ha-1, 750 g ha-1, and 1,000 g ha-1 of Mo and the seeds had their Mo contents evaluated. In the second one, plants from seeds with four Mo contents (0.262 ±0 .060 ?g, 1.595 ± 0.281 ?g, 1.960 ± 0.804 ?g, or 2.648 ± 0.190 ?g), combined with either 0 g ha-1 or 90 g ha-1 of Mo were evaluated. The Mo content of seeds increased 0.217 µg, for each 100 g increase in the Mo rate. For 90 g ha-1 of Mo, there was no significant difference on chlorophyll readings, in response to the seed Mo content. Without Mo, the chlorophyll readings, at 40 DAE, increased linearly with the increase of seed Mo content. KEY-WORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris; chlorophyll meter; seed molybdenum content.A produção de sementes com alto conteúdo de molibdênio (Mo) é uma forma prática e barata de se disponibilizar este micronutriente para as plantas oriundas destas sementes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a relação entre doses de Mo pulverizado sobre feijoeiros cultivados em solo com pH 6,1 e conteúdos de Mo de sementes da cultivar Ouro Negro, e avaliar o desempenho das plantas delas originadas. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois ensaios, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. No primeiro, os feijoeiros foram pulverizados com 0 g ha-1, 90 g ha-1, 250 g ha-1, 500 g ha-1, 750 g ha-1e 1.000 g ha-1 de Mo e as sementes avaliadas quanto ao conteúdo de Mo. No segundo, avaliou-se o desempenho das plantas oriundas de sementes com quatro conteúdos de Mo (0,262 ± 0,060 µg; 1,595 ± 0,281 µg; 1,960 ± 0,804 µg; ou 2,648 ± 0,190 µg), combinadas com 0 g ha-1 ou 90 g ha-1de Mo, via foliar. Os conteúdos de Mo da semente aumentaram 0,217 µg, para cada 100 g de aumento da dose de Mo. Com 90 g ha-1 de Mo, não houve diferença significativa nas leituras do clorofilômetro, em função do conteúdo de Mo da semente. Sem Mo, as leituras do clorofilômetro, aos 40 DAE, elevaram-se linearmente, com o aumento do conteúdo de Mo da semente. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Phaseolus vulgaris; clorofilômetro; teor de molibdênio na semente.

How growth and proliferation are precisely controlled in organs during development and how the regulation of cell division contributes to the formation of complex cell type patterns are important questions in developmental biology. Such a pattern of diverse cell sizes is characteristic of the sepals, the outermost floral organs, of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To determine how the cell size pattern is formed in the sepal epidermis, we iterate between generating predictions from a computational model and testing these predictions through time-lapse imaging. We show that the cell size diversity is due to the variability in decisions of individual cells about when to divide and when to stop dividing and enter the specialized endoreduplication cell cycle. We further show that altering the activity of cell cycle inhibitors biases the timing and changes the cell size pattern as our model predicts. Models and observations together demonstrate that variability in the time of cell division is a major determinant in the formation of a characteristic pattern.

O sistema de plantio direto constitui uma alternativa para atingir a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Uma premissa para sua aplicação, sob as condições agroecológicas do cerrado, é a produção de fitomassa para propiciar uma boa cobertura do solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de fitomassa de diferentes coberturas de solo, isoladas e consociadas foi instalado um experimento, na Fazenda Experimental do Campus II da UFG, no município de Goiânia-GO na safra 2002/2003, num Latossolo Vermelho, textura argilosa distroférrico. Após 90 dias de desenvolvimento vegetativo as plantas foram cortadas rente ao solo e pesadas após secagem a peso constante (massa de matéria seca). Das coberturas isoladas as que proporcionaram maiores produções de fitomassa seca foi o Sorgo graífero, seguido do Capim-pé-de-galinha, crotalária e Braquiária. A consorciação Milheto + Crotalária proporcionou incremento na produção de fitomassa (maior que as espécies isoladas).

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido objetivando verificar a influência do conteúdo de molibdênio (Mo) na semente, associado com suas doses aplicadas via foliar aos 25 dias após a emergência, sobre a produtividade e a nutrição nitrogenada do feijoeiro, Phaseolus vulgaris L. em duas épocas de plantio. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a variedade Meia-Noite. No experimento I, instalado em 24/03/1999, utilizaram-se sementes com quatro conteúdos de Mo (0,010 ± 0,0099; 0,138 ± 0,017; 0,24 ± 0,0253; e 0,535 ± 0,024 μg semente-1), combinadas com quatro doses de Mo aplicadas nas folhas (0, 40, 80 e 120g ha-1). No experimento II, instalado em 01/12/1999, foram usadas as mesmas doses do experimento I e sementes com conteúdos de 0,000 ± 0; 0,062 ± 0,0107; 0,168 ± 0,0119; e 0,335 ± 0,0338 μg semente-1 de Mo. Todas as sementes utilizadas vieram de amostras submetidas às mesmas condições ambientais, desde as etapas de produção no campo até o armazenamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em quatro repetições, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4x4. O conteúdo de Mo na semente, que variou de 0 a 0,535 μg semente-1, no experimento I, e de 0 a 0,335 μg semente-1, no experimento II, não alterou a produtividade, evidenciando-se a necessidade da adubação molíbdica, que aumentou a produção de grãos. Em ambos experimentos, os componentes do rendimento que mais variaram foram a massa de grãos e o número de vagens m-2. A adubação foliar molíbdica melhorou significativamente o estado nutricional nitrogenado do feijoeiro, aumentando o teor de N orgânico na folha.

Climate change poses a significant threat to human health. Long-term climate effects on childhood asthma hospitalizations depend on the population’s geographic region. These effects in tropical drylands are not well understood. The objective of this study is to examine the long-term association between childhood asthma hospitalizations and the climate of a tropical dryland. The study covered 14 municipalities in the Brazilian semiarid. Monthly trends in hospitalizations and climatic variables were calculated. A generalized additive model analyzed the association between these trends, and the Mann-Kendall test determined if trends were increasing, decreasing, or not significant. Thirteen municipalities showed a significant link between hospitalizations and climate variables, especially wind speed, maximum temperature, and humidity. Overall, hospitalizations decreased, correlating with decreasing wind speed and humidity, and increasing temperature. However, no discernable pattern was found between hospitalizations and precipitation. The study emphasizes the need for climate-health analysis to manage childhood asthma amid climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new characid species is described from the rio Jacuí basin, a coastal drainage from southern Brazil. Itis morphologically most similar to its sympatric congeners Oligosarcus jenynsii and O. jacuiensis , but can be distinguished from both species in having the interorbital region wider and the pectoral fin shorter and additionally from O. jenynsii in having a smaller orbital diameter.

RESUMO O nitrogênio e o potássio são os nutrientes mais requeridos pelo algodoeiro. O algodão, cultivado em segunda safra, após a colheita da soja, tem sido uma opção dentro dos sistemas de produção do cerrado brasileiro. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito das adubações nitrogenada e potássica sobre o estado nutricional, os componentes de produção e a produtividade do algodoeiro, cultivado em sistema adensado, semeado em segunda safra. O experimento foi conduzido após a colheita da soja e em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repetições. O fator A foram quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1) e o fator B foram quatro doses de K2O (0, 40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1), aplicadas em cobertura. Os teores foliares de nitrogênio e de magnésio aumentaram linearmente com as doses de N, enquanto os teores de enxofre e ferro diminuíram (efeito quadrático). As doses de K2O resultaram em efeitos positivo e negativo sobre os teores de K e de Mg, respectivamente. A adubação nitrogenada promove resposta em produtividade de fibra maior do que a adubação potássica, sendo que a taxa de incremento de produtividade de fibra por quilo de nitrogênio foi o dobro da taxa de incremento por quilo de K2O. As maiores produtividades de fibra foram alcançadas com 148 kg ha-1 e 107 kg ha-1 de N e K2O, respectivamente.

RESUMO As projeções de precipitação e temperatura dos modelos globais do Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5, utilizados no quinto relatório do Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5) são analisadas para a bacia do rio São Francisco para o período de 2011 a 2100 para os cenários RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5. Além disso, os modelos são avaliados quanto à representação da climatologia da precipitação no período de 1961 a 2000. Para a avaliação, os dados das estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) são utilizados. A avaliação baseia-se em dois índices de desempenho: a correlação e o erro quadrático médio. Para a análise das projeções, são calculadas as anomalias das médias anuais divididas em períodos de 30 anos (2011 a 2040, 2041 a 2070 e 2071 a 2100). Para avaliação de tendências e variabilidade são usados: a média móvel de dez anos, regressão linear e o método de Mann-Kendall-Sen. Aproximadamente 28% dos modelos analisados não representam adequadamente a sazonalidade da precipitação. Todos os modelos apresentaram tendência positiva para a temperatura, e apesar da divergência na precipitação, os mesmos projetam anomalias entre -20% e 20% em cada período de 30 anos para essa variável.

The new species herein described, collected in the Jacuí and Uruguay River basins, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, can be distinguished from the already known species of the genus, but Oligosarcus jenynsii, O. perdido, O. acutirostris, O. solitarius and O. hepsetus, by the number of perforated lateral line scales. It shares with the first two species the absence of a premaxillary foramen, present in the last three species and differs from O. jenynsii by having a smaller orbital diameter and the tip of the pectoral fin failing to reach the pelvic-fin origin, and from O. perdido by the presence of more horizontal scale rows around the caudal peduncle.

The eastern Brazilian coastal drainages are of great biogeographical significance, because of their highly endemic fish faunas. Phylogenetic patterns suggest a close biotic relationship between the rivers that flow into the Atlantic and those on the adjacent upland crystalline shield. However, little has been said on the dynamics of the geological processes causally related to the cladogenetic events between these areas. Distributional and phylogenetic patterns suggest a close association with the geological history of the passive continental margin of South America, from the Cretaceous to the present day. In this area megadome uplifts, rifting, vertical movements between rifted blocks and the erosive retreat of the South American eastern continental margin are hypothesized as the main geological forces controlling the distribution of freshwater fishes. The tectonic activity associated with the break-up of Gondwana and separation of South America and Africa formed six megadomes that control most of the current courses of the main crystalline shield river basins. Except for basins located at the edges of such megadomes, these river systems developed long, circuitous routes over the ancient Brazilian crystalline shield before emptying into the recently opened Atlantic Ocean. Initial cladogenetic events between upland crystalline drainages and Atlantic tributaries were probably associated with vicariant processes, and some ancient basal sister-groups of widespread inclusive taxa are found in these coastal hydrographic systems. Later, generalized erosive denudation resulted in an isostatic adjustment of the eastern margin of the platform. These, along with reactivations of ancient rifts led to vertical movements between rifted blocks and gave rise, in southeastern Brazil, to taphrogenic (rift related) basins. These basins, such as the Taubaté, São Paulo, Curitiba and Volta Redonda basins, among others, captured adjacent upland drainages and fauna. The fossil fishes from the Tremembé Formation (Eocene-Oligocene of Taubaté Basin) exemplify this process. Other taphrogenic systems of Tertiary age were also identified in other segments of the Atlantic continental margin, such as in Borborema province, in NE Brazil, with marked influence over drainage patterns. At the same time, erosive retreat of the eastern margin of the platform successively captured upland rivers, which became Atlantic tributaries evolving associated to main rift systems. The continued nature of these processes explains the mixed phylogenetic and distributional patterns between Atlantic tributaries and the upland crystalline shield areas, especially in the southeastern continental margin, represented by successively, less inclusive sister-groups associated with cladogenetic events from the Late Cretaceous to the present.

Este trabalho traz um levantamento sobre como pesquisas têm trabalhado teórica e metodologicamente noções de perfil conceitual em Biologia. Em oito trabalhos selecionados, foram apreciados os aportes teóricos e as ferramentas usadas para coleta e análise dos dados. Foi observado que os autores utilizam tanto os referenciais teóricos e a metodologia propostos para o Modelo de Mudança do Perfil Conceitual, quanto referenciais complementares e métodos estatísticos, buscando avanços nas pesquisas. Nem todos os trabalhos conseguiram definir perfis conceituais para as noções estudadas, pois estas nem sempre atendiam todas as condições necessárias. A abordagem didática baseada nessa noção apontou contribuições para o enriquecimento dos perfis dos alunos e para a conscientização sobre a multidimensionalidade de um determinado conceito científico.