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Purpose. The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether the anatomy of mental foramen is precisely evaluable with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) before implantation in humans. Methods. A systematic review was carried out to evaluate the anatomy of mental foramen (size, position, symmetry, anterior loop, and accessory mental foramen or multiple mental foramina). According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic search of three databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) was undertaken until June 2020 and was supplemented by manual searching. Two reviewers will independently perform the processes of study inclusion, data extraction, and quality assessment. Systematic reviews, studies about children, and case reports were excluded. Only studies using CBCT to do preoperative evaluation were selected. Results. From 728 potentially eligible articles, 72 were included in the qualitative analysis and quantitative synthesis. This systematic review provided an assessment of the anatomy of the mental foramen. The mental foramen was located mostly between the two premolars (between 50.4% and 61.95%) or apically to the second premolar (from 50.3% to 57.9%). The mean diameter of the mental foramen was bigger in males than in females; the difference between them could reach 0.62 mm. The anterior loop seemed to be longer in males (between 0.87 ± 1.81 and 7.25 ± 2.02 mm) than in females (between 0.81 ± 1.18 and 6.52 ± 1.63 mm) and with the presence of teeth (from 0.91 ± 1.18 to 2.55 ± 1.28 for dentate people and from 0.25 ± 0.61 to 2.40 ± 0.88 mm for edentate population). The anterior loop and the accessory mental foramina were detected more frequently with CBCT than panoramic X-ray: only between 0.0 and 48.6% AMFs detected with CBCT were also seen with panoramic images. Clinical Significance. The mental foramen (MF) is an important landmark for local anesthesia and surgical and implantology procedures. Its location, morphology, and anatomical variations need to be considered to avoid mental nerve injury. The aim of this review is to evaluate the mental foramen using CBCT through a systematic literature review to improve knowledge of this complex area for the clinician.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of pasta enriched with legume or wheat gluten proteins and dried at varying temperature. A total of four isonitrogenous experimental diets were produced using gluten powder/wheat semolina (6/94, g/g) pasta and faba bean flour/wheat semolina (35/65, g/g) pasta dried at either 55°C (GLT and FLT, respectively) or 90°C (FVHT and GVHT, respectively). Experimental diets were fed to ten 1-month-old Wistar rats (body weight=176 (sem 15) g) for 21 d. Growth and nutritional, metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured and compared with an isonitrogenous casein diet (CD). The enrichment with faba bean increased the lysine, threonine and branched amino acids by 97, 23 and 10 %, respectively. Protein utilisation also increased by 75 % (PP>0·05). Faba bean pasta diets' corrected protein digestibility and utilisation was only 3·5 and 9 %, respectively, lower than the CD. Growth rate, blood composition and muscle weights were not generally different with faba bean pasta diets compared with CD. Corrected protein digestibility was 3 % lower in GVHT than GLT, which may be associated with greater carboxymethyllysine. This study in growing rats clearly indicates improvement in growth performance of rats fed legume-enriched pasta diet compared with rats fed gluten–wheat pasta diet, regardless of pasta drying temperature. This means faba bean flour can be used to improve the protein quality and quantity of pasta.

Phenanthrenoids have been widely described, in the Juncaceae family, for theirbiological properties such as antitumor, anxiolytic, anti‐microbial, spasmolytic, and antiinflammatoryactivities. The Juncaceae family is known to contain a large variety ofphenanthrenoids possessing especially anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Luzulasylvatica, a Juncaceae species, is widely present in the Auvergne region of France, but has neverbeen studied neither for its phytochemical profile nor for its biological properties. We investigatedthe phytochemical profile and evaluated the potential anti‐inflammatory activities of L. sylvaticaaerial parts extracts. A bioassay‐guided fractionation was carried out to identify the most activefractions. Nine compounds were isolated, one coumarin 1 and eight phenanthrene derivatives (2&ndash, 9), including four new compounds (4, 5, 8 and 9), from n‐hexane and CH2Cl2, fractions. Theirstructures were established by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The biological properties,especially the anti‐inflammatory/antioxidant activities (ROS production) and antiproliferativeactivity on THP‐1, a monocytic leukemia cell line, of each compound, were evaluated. Threephenanthrene derivatives 4, 6, and 7 showed very promising antiproliferative activities.Phenanthrene derivatives

The authors gratefully acknowledge all members of the animal facilities from Theix's INRA center for their valuable assistance in conducting this study; We investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency and repletion on muscle anabolism in old rats. Animals were fed a control (1 IU vitamin D3/g, ctrl, n=20) or a vitamin D-depleted diet (VDD; 0 IU, n=30) for 6 months. A subset was thereafter sacrificed in the control (ctrl6) and depleted groups (VDD6). Remaining control animals were kept for 3 additional months on the same diet (ctrl9), while a part of VDD rats continued on a depleted diet (VDD9) and another part was supplemented with vitamin D (5 IU, VDS9). The ctr16 and VDD6 rats and the ctr19, VDD9 and VDS9 rats were 21 and 24 months old, respectively. Vitamin D status, body weight and composition, muscle strength, weight and lipid content were evaluated. Muscle protein synthesis rate (fractional synthesis rate; FSR) and the activation of controlling pathways were measured. VDD reduced plasma 25(OH)-vitamin D, reaching deficiency (

in press; SCOPE: One strategy to manage malnutrition in older patients is to increase protein and energy intake. Here we evaluate the influence of protein quality during refeeding on improvement in muscle protein and energy metabolism.METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-month-old male rats (n = 40) were fed 50% of their spontaneous intake for 12 weeks to induce malnutrition, then refed ad libitum with a standard diet enriched with casein or soluble milk proteins (22%) for 4 weeks. 13C-valine was infused to measure muscle protein synthesis and expression of MuRF1, and MAFbx was measured to evaluate muscle proteolysis. mTOR pathway activation and mitochondrial function were assessed in muscle. Malnutrition was associated with a decrease in body weight, fat mass and lean mass, particularly muscle mass. Malnutrition decreased muscle mTOR pathway activation and protein FSR associated with increased MuRF1 mRNA levels, and decreased mitochondrial function. The refeeding period partially restored fat mass and lean mass. Unlike the casein diet, the soluble milk protein diet improved muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial function in old malnourished rats.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that providing better-quality proteins during refeeding may improve efficacy of renutrition in malnourished older patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Introduction et but de l’etude L’obesite est associee a une alteration des capacites oxydatives, une infiltration lipidique et une insulinoresistance musculaire qui peuvent agir de concert pour entrainer une perte de masse et de fonction musculaire. Connaissant le role de l’apport proteique dans la preservation de la masse et l’amelioration de la fonctionnalite musculaire, l’objectif du travail etait de determiner les effets preventifs potentiels d’une augmentation des apports proteiques sur les changements du metabolisme et de la fonction musculaire induits par l’obesite. Materiel et methodes Des rats mâles adultes Wistar, âges de 9 mois ont ete randomises en quatre groupes de 15 animaux sur la base du poids, de la masse grasse et de la masse maigre. Ils ont ete nourris durant 10 semaines soit avec un regime standard normolipidique (13,8 % de l’apport energetique total), soit avec un regime hyperlipidique (45 % de l’apport energetique total). Pour chaque regime, deux niveaux d’apports proteiques ont ete testes : 12 % de l’apport energetique total (STD12, HFD12) et 25 % de l’apport energetique total (STD25, HFD25). Les poids et consommations alimentaires des animaux ont ete quantifies de maniere hebdomadaire. Des mesures de composition corporelle, de depense energetique et de fonctionnalite musculaire ont ete realisees. Les donnees sont presentees sous forme de moyenne ± SEM et ont ete analysees par Anova a deux voies (regime et apport proteique). Resultats La quantite de calories ingerees et la depense energetique n’etaient pas differentes entre les groupes. Le gain de poids et de masse grasse etait significativement plus important avec le regime hyperlipidique HFD12 (respectivement, +176,2 ± 13,9 g et +121,5 ± 7,8) qu’avec les regimes standard (STD12 : +95,3 ± 20,2 g et +62,5 ± 4,3 g ; STD25 : +65,6 ± 15,3 g et +53,4 ± 3,6 g, p p = NS contre HFD12). Les poids des muscles n’etaient pas differents entre les groupes. Une tendance a une baisse plus marquee de la force et de la puissance musculaire etait observee dans le groupe HFD12 (−0,97 ± 0,33 N et −0,23 ± 0,07 W) par rapport aux groupes STD (STD12 : −0,39 ± 0,32 N et −0,07 ± 0,1 W ; STD25 : −0,35 ± 0,31 N et −0,07 ± 0,1 W). Ces variations de force et de puissance observees dans le groupe HFD12 etaient plus attenuees dans le groupe HFD25 (−0,51 ± 0,18 N et −0,17 ± 0,06 W). Conclusion Les differences de composition en macronutriments des regimes conditionnent plus l’evolution du poids et de la composition corporelle que l’apport calorique total. De plus, l’enrichissement en proteines lors d’une surnutrition lipidique pourrait permettre de limiter les consequences musculaires de l’obesite a long terme.

Background The diminished ability of aged muscle to self-repair is a factor behind sarcopenia and contributes to muscle atrophy. Muscle repair depends on satellite cells whose pool size is diminished with aging. A reduction in Notch pathway activity may explain the age-related decrease in satellite cell proliferation, as this pathway has been implicated in satellite cell self-renewal. Skeletal muscle is a target of vitamin D which modulates muscle cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and stimulates muscle regeneration in vivo. Vitamin D status is positively correlated to muscle strength/function, and elderly populations develop a vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate how vitamin D deficiency induces skeletal muscle atrophy in old rats through a reduction in Notch pathway activity and proliferation potential in muscle. Methods 15-month-old male rats were vitamin D-depleted or not (control) for 9 months (n = 10 per group). Rats were 24-month-old at the end of the experiment. Gene and/or protein expression of markers of proliferation, or modulating proliferation, and of Notch signalling pathway were studied in the tibialis anterior muscle by qPCR and western blot. An unpaired student’s t-test was performed to test the effect of the experimental conditions. Results Vitamin D depletion led to a drop in concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D in depleted rats compared to controls (-74%, p

Présentation poster : Chanet A.; Rationale: In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting vitamin D (vit D) has an effect on muscle mass and function, especially in older people. The aim was to characterize the effects of vit D depletion on muscle protein metabolism in old rats and the benefit of vit D repletion. Methods: 15-month-old Wistar rats were fed a vit D-deficient diet (VDD group) or a control diet (1000UI/Kg vit D) for 9 months (n=7-9/group). After 6 months of vit D depletion, a set of rats was supplemented with vit D (5000UI/Kg; VDS group) for the last 3 months. At 6 and 9 months, vit D status, body composition and muscle strength were evaluated. A flooding dose of L-[1-13C]-valine was infused to assess the fasted fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of muscle proteins by measuring tracer enrichments in muscle free amino acids and proteins. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared to control, 6-month vit D-depleted diet significantly reduced plasma vit D concentration by 82% (p