Author: "Alexandre Albinet" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Author: Olivier Favez, Samuël Weber, Jean-Eudes Petit, Laurent Y. Alleman, Alexandre Albinet, Véronique Riffault, Benjamin Chazeau, Tanguy Amodeo, Dalia Salameh, Yunjiang Zhang, Deepchandra Srivastava, Abdoulaye Samaké, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Arnaud Papin, Nicolas Bonnaire, Carole Boullanger, Mélodie Chatain, Florie Chevrier, Anaïs Detournay, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Raphaële Falhun, Céline Garbin, Véronique Ghersi, Guillaume Grignion, Gilles Levigoureux, Sabrina Pontet, Jérôme Rangognio, Shouwen Zhang, Jean-Luc Besombes, Sébastien Conil, Gaëlle Uzu, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Marchand, Valérie Gros, Caroline Marchand, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Eva Leoz-Garziandia
Subjects: France, urban air quality, aerosol chemical composition, source apportionment, monitoring strategies, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results in strong collaborations with international-level academic partners for state-of-the-art, straightforward, and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade, thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all throughout the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.
Published: 2021
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2. PM10 Chemical Profile during North African Dust Episodes over French West Indies

Author: Philippe Quénel, Jade Vadel, Céline Garbin, Séverine Durand, Olivier Favez, Alexandre Albinet, Christina Raghoumandan, Stéphanie Guyomard, Laurent Yves Alleman, and Fabien Mercier
Subjects: chemical composition, exposure, French West Indies, metals, PM10, North African dust, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: The French West Indies are periodically affected by North African dust episodes (NADE) resulting in PM10 concentrations exceeding air quality standards. The aim of the present study was to decipher the PM10 chemical profile during NADE over Guadeloupe. PM10 samples were collected daily at a rural site and an urban site during five episodes between April and October in 2017. During these events, the median PM10 mass concentrations were, on average, 2 to 5 times higher than in the post-episode baseline period. Sampled filters were analyzed for their quantification of chemical constituents including carbonaceous fractions (elemental and organic carbon, EC/OC), anions/cations and levoglucosan, 51 elements, and 57 selected organic species. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was conducted to identify the specific chemical profile of PM10 during NADE: 16 elements were identified as the most discriminant between the NADE and the control samples with mass concentration levels twice as high during a NADE. Among them, only two (Mn and V) are classified as emerging pollutant while no limit values exist for the other ones. The extensive characterization of the NADE PM10 chemical profile we performed is a key step to assess the chemical exposure of French West Indies populations during such events.
Published: 2021
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3. Seasonal Variations and Chemical Predictors of Oxidative Potential (OP) of Particulate Matter (PM), for Seven Urban French Sites

Author: Aude Calas, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jean M.F. Martins, Matteo Redaelli, Samuël Weber, Aurelie Charron, Alexandre Albinet, Florie Chevrier, Guillaume Brulfert, Boualem Mesbah, Olivier Favez, and Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
Subjects: oxidative potential, urban background sites, op tracers/predictors, chemical composition of pm, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that the main part of chronic effects from air pollution is likely to be linked with particulate matter (PM). Oxidative potential (OP) of PM is gaining strong interest as a promising health exposure metric. This study combined atmospheric detailed composition results obtained for seven different urban background environments over France to examine any possible common feature in OP seasonal variations obtained using two assays (acid ascorbic (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT)) along a large set of samples ( N > 700 ). A remarkable homogeneity in annual cycles was observed with a higher OP activity in wintertime at all investigated sites. Univariate correlations were used to link the concentrations of some major chemical components of PM and their OP. Four PM components were identified as OP predictors: OC, EC, monosaccharides and Cu. These species are notably emitted by road transport and biomass burning, targeting main sources probably responsible for the measured OP activity. The results obtained confirm that the relationship between OP and atmospheric pollutants is assay- and location-dependent and, thus, the strong need for a standardized test, or set of tests, for further regulation purposes.
Published: 2019
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4. Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach

Author: Samuël Weber, Dalia Salameh, Alexandre Albinet, Laurent Y. Alleman, Antoine Waked, Jean-Luc Besombes, Véronique Jacob, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshbah, Benoit Rocq, Agnès Hulin, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Eve Chrétien, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Olivier Favez
Subjects: PM, source apportionment, aerosols, similarity assessment, uncertainties, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012−2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.
Published: 2019
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5. Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies

Author: Deepchandra Srivastava, Olivier Favez, Emilie Perraudin, Eric Villenave, and Alexandre Albinet
Subjects: aerosols, particulate matter, SOA, SOC, source apportionment, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to account for a major fraction of airborne particulate matter, with significant impacts on air quality and climate at the global scale. Despite the substantial amount of research studies achieved during these last decades, the source apportionment of the SOA fraction remains difficult due to the complexity of the physicochemical processes involved. The selection and use of appropriate approaches are a major challenge for the atmospheric science community. Several methodologies are nowadays available to perform quantitative and/or predictive assessments of the SOA amount and composition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the most commonly used approaches to evaluate secondary organic carbon (SOC) contents: elemental carbon (EC) tracer method, chemical mass balance (CMB), SOA tracer method, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The principles, limitations, challenges and good practices of each of these methodologies are discussed in the present article. Based on a comprehensive—although not exhaustive—review of research papers published during the last decade (2006⁻2016), SOC estimates obtained using these methodologies are also summarized for different regions across the world. Conclusions of some studies which are directly comparing the performances of different methodologies are then specifically discussed. An overall picture of SOC contributions and concentrations obtained worldwide for urban sites under similar conditions (i.e., geographical and seasonal ones) is also proposed here. Finally, further needs to improve SOC apportionment methodologies are also identified and discussed.
Published: 2018
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6. Characterization of Industrial Hydrocarbon Samples from Anode Baking Furnace Off-Gas Treatment Facility

Author: Kamilla Arnesen, Alexandre Albinet, Claudine Chatellier, Nina Huynh, Thor Anders Aarhaug, Kristian Etienne Einarsrud, and Gabriella Tranell
Published: 2023
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7. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the Arctic boundary layer: seasonal trends and local anthropogenic influence

Author: Alexandre Albinet, Alena Dekhtyareva, Tatiana Drotikova, Roland Kallenborn, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polar night, Physics, QC1-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Environmental pollutants in the Arctic, 01 natural sciences, Midnight sun, The arctic, Ambient air, Chemistry, Boundary layer, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Middle latitudes, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Miljøgifter i Arktis, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A total of 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 29 oxy-PAHs, and 35 nitro-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic compounds, PACs) were measured in gaseous and particulate phases in the ambient air of Longyearbyen, the most populated settlement in Svalbard, the European Arctic. The sampling campaign started in the polar night in November 2017 and lasted for 8 months until June 2018, when a light cycle reached a sunlit period with no night. The transport regimes of the near-surface, potentially polluted air masses from midlatitudes to the Arctic and the polar boundary layer meteorology were studied. The data analysis showed the observed winter PAC levels were mainly influenced by the lower-latitude sources in northwestern Eurasia, while local emissions dominated in spring and summer. The highest PAC concentrations observed in spring, with PAH concentrations a factor of 30 higher compared to the measurements at the closest background station in Svalbard (Zeppelin, 115 km distance from Longyearbyen), were attributed to local snowmobile-driving emissions. The lowest PAC concentrations were expected in summer due to enhanced photochemical degradation under the 24 h midnight sun conditions and inhibited long-range atmospheric transport. In contrast, the measured summer concentrations were notably higher than those in winter due to the harbour (ship) emissions.
Published: 2021
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8. Bio-analytical assessment of primary vs. aged biomass burning emissions

Author: Abd El Rahman El Mais, Barbara D’anna, Brice Temime-Roussel, Celine Degrendele, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Henri Wortham, Serge Collet, Nicolas Karoski, Adrien Dermigny, Mehdi Dionigi, Ahmad El Masri, Serguei Stavrovski, Faustina Fuvel, Claudine Chatellier, Emmanuelle Maillot-Marechal, Sélim Aït-Aïssa, Alexandre Albinet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), Toxicity, In-vitro bioassays, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Residential wood combustion, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

9. Disparities in particulate matter (PM10) origins and oxidative potential at a city scale (Grenoble, France) – Part 2: Sources of PM10 oxidative potential using multiple linear regression analysis and the predictive applicability of multilayer perceptron neural network analysis

Author: Stephan Houdier, Cécile Trébluchon, Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Rémy Slama, Steve Micallef, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Samuël Weber, Alexandre Albinet, and Camille Rieux
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Ascorbic acid, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Multilayer perceptron, Linear regression, Mass concentration (chemistry), Environmental science, City scale, Biological system, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Multilayer perceptron neural network
Abstract: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) measures PM capability to potentially cause anti-oxidant imbalance. Due to the wide range and complex mixture of species in particulates, little is known about the pollution sources most strongly contributing to OP. A 1-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10) was performed over different sites in a medium-sized city (Grenoble, France). An enhanced fine-scale apportionment of PM10 sources, based on the chemical composition, was performed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and reported in a companion paper (Borlaza et al., 2020). OP was assessed as the ability of PM10 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) using three different acellular assays: dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) assays. Using multiple linear regression (MLR), the OP contributions of the sources identified by PMF were estimated. Conversely, since atmospheric processes are usually non-linear in nature, artificial neural network (ANN) techniques, which employ non-linear models, could further improve estimates. Hence, the multilayer perceptron analysis (MLP), an ANN-based model, was additionally used to model OP based on PMF-resolved sources as well. This study presents the spatiotemporal variabilities of OP activity with influences by season-specific sources, site typology and specific local features, and assay sensitivity. Overall, both MLR and MLP effectively captured the evolution of OP. The primary traffic and biomass burning sources were the strongest drivers of OP in the Grenoble basin. There is also a clear redistribution of source-specific impacts when using OP instead of mass concentration, underlining the importance of PM redox activity for the identification of potential sources of PM toxicity. Finally, the MLP generally offered improvements in OP prediction, especially for sites where synergistic and/or antagonistic effects between sources are prominent, supporting the value of using ANN-based models to account for the non-linear dynamics behind the atmospheric processes affecting OP of PM10.
Published: 2021
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10. Modelling aerosol molecular markers in a 3D air quality model: Focus on anthropogenic organic markers

Author: Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Bertrand Bessagnet, Deepchandra Srivastava, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Olivier Favez, Alexandre Albinet, Florian Couvidat, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Sorbonne Universités (COMUE), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Aerosols, Air Pollutants, Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Engineering, Pollution, Modelling, Nitrophenols, Air Pollution, Air quality, Tracers, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Particulate matter, Waste Management and Disposal, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; We developed and implemented in the 3D air quality model CHIMERE the formation of several key anthropogenic aerosol markers including one primary anthropogenic marker (levoglucosan) and 4 secondary anthropogenic markers (nitrophenols, nitroguaiacols, methylnitrocatechols and phthalic acid). Modelled concentrations have been compared to measurements performed at 12 locations in France for levoglucosan in winter 2014–15, and at a sub-urban station in the Paris region over the whole year 2015 for secondary molecular markers. While a good estimation of levoglucosan concentrations by the model has been obtained for a few sites, a strong underestimation was simulated for most of the stations especially for western locations due to a probable underestimation of residential wood burning emissions. The simulated ratio between wood burning organic matter and particulate phase levoglucosan is constant only at high OM values (>10 μg m−3) indicating that using marker contribution ratio may be valid only under certain conditions. Concentrations of secondary markers were well reproduced by the model for nitrophenols and nitroguaiacols but were underestimated for methylnitrocatechols and phthalic acid highlighting missing formation pathways and/or precursor emissions. By comparing modelled to measured Gas/Particle Partitioning (GPP) of markers, the simulated partitioning of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) was evaluated. Except for nitroguaiacols and nitrophenols when ideality was assumed, the GPP for all the markers was underestimated and mainly driven by the hydrophilic partitioning. SVOCs GPP, and more generally of all SVOC contributing to the formation of SOA, could therefore be significantly underestimated by air quality models, especially when only the partitioning on the organic phase is considered. Our results show that marker modelling can give insights on some processes (such as precursor emissions or missing mechanisms) involved in SOA formation and could prove especially useful to evaluate the GPP in 3D air quality models.
Published: 2022
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11. Nitrate radical generation via continuous generation of dinitrogen pentoxide in a laminar flow reactor coupled to an oxidation flow reactor

Author: Francesca Majluf, Zhe Peng, Alexandre Albinet, Jean-Eudes Petit, Manuela Cirtog, Ezra C. Wood, Jose L. Jimenez, Philip Croteau, Leah R. Williams, Andrew T. Lambe, Jordan E. Krechmer, Anaïs Féron, Aerodyne Research Inc., Drexel University, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Atmospheric Science, Dinitrogen pentoxide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, Continuous reactor, Radical, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 010501 environmental sciences, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Laminar flow reactor, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, chemistry, Nitrate, Volatile organic compound, Hydroxyl radical, lcsh:TA170-171, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) are an emerging tool for studying the formation and oxidative aging of organic aerosols and other applications. The majority of OFR studies to date have involved the generation of the hydroxyl radical (OH) to mimic daytime oxidative aging processes. In contrast, the use of the nitrate radical (NO3) in modern OFRs to mimic nighttime oxidative aging processes has been limited due to the complexity of conventional techniques that are used to generate NO3. Here, we present a new method that uses a laminar flow reactor (LFR) to continuously generate dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) in the gas phase at room temperature from the NO2 + O3 and NO2 + NO3 reactions. The N2O5 is then injected into a dark Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) OFR and decomposes to generate NO3; hereafter, this method is referred to as “OFR-iN2O5” (where “i” stands for “injected”). To assess the applicability of the OFR-iN2O5 method towards different chemical systems, we present experimental and model characterization of the integrated NO3 exposure, NO3:O3, NO2:NO3, and NO2:O2 as a function of LFR and OFR conditions. These parameters were used to investigate the fate of representative organic peroxy radicals (RO2) and aromatic alkyl radicals generated from volatile organic compound (VOC) + NO3 reactions, and VOCs that are reactive towards both O3 and NO3. Finally, we demonstrate the OFR-iN2O5 method by generating and characterizing secondary organic aerosol from the β-pinene + NO3 reaction.
Published: 2020
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12. Detecting and Characterizing Particulate Organic Nitrates with an Aerodyne Long-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Author: Frans Graeffe, Liine Heikkinen, Olga Garmash, Mikko Äijälä, James Allan, Anaïs Feron, Manuela Cirtog, Jean-Eudes Petit, Nicolas Bonnaire, Andrew Lambe, Olivier Favez, Alexandre Albinet, Leah R. Williams, Mikael Ehn, Tampere University, Physics, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, nitrate radicals, Uncertainty, Organo-nitrates, 114 Physical sciences, quantification, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Quantification, Soa, organo-nitrates, SOA, Ams, Nitrate radicals, AMS, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, uncertainty
Abstract: Particulate organic nitrate (pON) can be a major part of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and is commonly quantified by indirect means from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) data. However, pON quantification remains challenging. Here, we set out to quantify and characterize pON in the boreal forest, through direct field observations at Station for Measuring Ecosystem Atmosphere Relationships (SMEAR) II in Hyytia''la'', Finland, and targeted single precursor laboratory studies. We utilized a long time-of-flight AMS (LToF-AMS) for aerosol chemical characterization, with a particular focus to identify CxHyOzN+ ("CHON+") fragments. We estimate that during springtime at SMEAR II, pON (including both the organic and nitrate part) accounts for similar to 10% of the particle mass concentration (calculated by the NO+/NO2+ method) and originates mainly from the NO3 radical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The majority of the background nitrate aerosol measured is organic. The CHON+ fragment analysis was largely unsuccessful at SMEAR II, mainly due to low concentrations of the few detected fragments. However, our findings may be useful at other sites as we identified 80 unique CHON+ fragments from the laboratory measurements of SOA formed from NO3 radical oxidation of three pON precursors (beta-pinene, limonene, and guaiacol). Finally, we noted a significant effect on ion identification during the LToF-AMS high-resolution data processing, resulting in too many ions being fit, depending on whether tungsten ions (W+) were used in the peak width determination. Although this phenomenon may be instrument-specific, we encourage all (LTOF-) AMS users to investigate this effect on their instrument to reduce the possibility of incorrect identifications.
Published: 2022
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13. The UNREAL (Unveiling nucleation mechanism in aircraft engine exhaust and its link with fuel composition) project: Results from simulation chamber and reactor experiments

Author: Ortega, Ismael K., Mathieu Cazaunau, Farah, A., Singh, A., Nicolas Karoski, Rafael Barrellon-Vernay, Jonathan Duplissy, Bergé, A., Joel Brito, Berthier, A., David Delhaye, Jean-Eudes Petit, Alexandre Albinet, Sicard, M., Carpentier, Y., Raepsaet, B., Ser, F., Kulmala, M., Véronique Riffault, Cristian Focsa, Jean-Francois Doussin, DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ANR-18-CE22-0019,UNREAL,Dévoilement du mécanisme de nucléation dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avion et de son lien avec la composition du carburant(2018), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), Civs, Gestionnaire, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Dévoilement du mécanisme de nucléation dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avion et de son lien avec la composition du carburant - - UNREAL2018 - ANR-18-CE22-0019 - AAPG2018 - VALID, and Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique - - Cappa2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0005 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Aviation emissions are not limited to greenhouse gases like CO2 but include other gases as well, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) or sulfur oxides (SOx) and volatile and non-volatile particulate matter (vPM and nvPM respectively). Sulfuric acid formed in the engine exhaust seems to be linked to the formation of vPM. However, the amount of sulfur present in the fuel converted to sulfuric acid in the exhaust is too small to explain the amount of vPM observed (Vancassel et al. 2004). Organic compounds emitted by the engine are among the most suitable candidates to explain the formation of vPM in the engine exhaust (Sorokin et al. 2001), but the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unknown.
Published: 2021

14. Impact of fuel composition on primary and secondary aeronautic emissions: gaseous and particulate chemical characterization at molecular level

Author: Rafael Barrellon-Vernay, Ortega, Ismael K., David Delhaye, Berthier, A., Egorov, D., Mitra, T., Mathieu Cazaunau, Bergé, A., Pangui, E., Alexandre Albinet, Jean-Eudes Petit, Singh, A., Véronique Riffault, Joel Brito, Farah, A., Ser, F., Jean-Francois Doussin, Cristian Focsa, DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Civs, Gestionnaire, and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Aviation has been, before the sanitary crisis, one of the strongest growing transport sectors. Despite this crisis, this trend is predicted to continue (Neu 2020). One of the actual concerns of aviation industry is to reduce its impact on climate and air quality using for example Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF). As part of the UNREAL (Unveiling Nucleation mechanism in aiRcraft Engine exhAust and its Link with fuel composition) project, the objective of this work was to study and compare the chemical pattern, at a molecular level, of the gaseous and particulate phases of primary as well as secondary emissions from various aircraft fuels with distinct compositions.
Published: 2021

15. Analysis and determination of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers (markers) in particulate matter standard reference material (SRM 1649b, urban dust)

Author: Stephen A. Wise, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Alexandre Albinet, Deepchandra Srivastava, Federica Nalin, Nicolas Bonnaire, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Air pollution, 02 engineering and technology, Quechers, medicine.disease_cause, Mass spectrometry, behavioral disciplines and activities, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 11. Sustainability, medicine, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Repeatability, Particulates, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Gas chromatography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. Source identification, including the SOA fraction, is critical for the effective management of air pollution. Molecular SOA markers (tracers) are key compounds allowing the source apportionment of SOA using different methodologies. Therefore, accurate SOA marker measurements in ambient air PM are important. This study determined the concentrations of 12 key SOA markers (biogenic and anthropogenic) in the urban dust standard reference material available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (SRM 1649b). Two extraction procedures, sonication and QuEChERS-like (quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe), have been compared. Three research laboratories/institutes using two analytical techniques (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS)) carried out the analyses. The results obtained were all in good agreement, except for 2-methylerythritol. The analysis of this compound still seems to be challenging by both GC/MS (large injection repeatability) and HPLC/MS-MS (separation issues of both 2-methyltetrols: 2-methylthreitol and 2-methylerythritol). Possible inhomogeneity in the SRM for this compound could also explain the large discrepancies observed. Sonication and QuEChERS-like procedures gave comparable results for the extraction of the SOA markers showing that QuEChERS-like extraction is suitable for the analysis of SOA markers in ambient air PM. As this study provides, for the first time, indicative values in a reference material for typical SOA markers, the analysis of SRM 1649b (urban dust) could be used for quality control/assurance purposes. Graphical abstract.
Published: 2019
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16. Formation of substances with humic-like fluorescence properties, upon photoinduced oligomerization of typical phenolic compounds emitted by biomass burning

Author: Marcello Brigante, Davide Vione, Bin Jiang, Alexandre Albinet, Sasho Gligorovski, Majda Mekic, Claudio Minero, Francesco Barsotti, Dipartimento di Chimica [Torino], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Acetosyringone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vanillin, Photodissociation, 010501 environmental sciences, Photochemistry, Mass spectrometry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Fluorescence, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aerosol Biomass burning HuLiS Photolysis Methoxyphenols, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Yield (chemistry), Vanillic acid, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Guaiacol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The irradiation under simulated sunlight of some phenolic compounds typically emitted in ambient air by biomass burning, namely vanillin and acetosyringone, yielded intermediates with humic-like fluorescence properties that can be assimilated to humic-like substances (HULIS). Evidence was obtained by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry of the occurrence of oligomerization processes up to the formation of trimeric species. In contrast, the irradiation of other biomass-burning compounds such as vanillic acid, m-cresol and guaiacol did not yield either HULIS-type fluorescence or oligomers. We suggest that the photolysis of biomass-burning compounds is a potential HULIS source in the atmosphere, if the relevant substrates undergo photoinduced oligomerization reactions.
Published: 2019
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17. Emission factors and chemical characterization of particulate emissions from garden green waste burning

Author: Nicolas Karoski, Camille Noblet, Olivier Favez, Pascal Dubois, Mathieu Pin, François Lestremau, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Adrien Dermigny, Jean-Luc Besombes, Alexandre Albinet, Denis Van Elsuve, Marie Lemire, Serge Collet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Backyard burning, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organic aerosol, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, Water content, Aerosol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Levoglucosan, Particulates, Pollution, Wood, Green waste, Fireplace, Coal, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Emissions, Environmental chemistry, MESH: GEOF, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Pyrene, Particulate Matter, Open burning, Carbon, Gardens, Biomass burning
Abstract: International audience; This work provides an evaluation of the emission factors (EFs) of typical garden waste burning (fallen leaves and hedge trimming) in terms of particulate matter (PM), elemental and organic carbon (EC-OC) together with a detailed chemical characterization of 88 particle-bound organic species including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), levoglucosan and its isomers, lignin breakdown products (methoxyphenols), cholesterol, alkanes, polyols and sugars. Furthermore, wood-log based burning experiments have been performed to highlight key indicators or chemical patterns of both, green waste and wood burning (residential heating) sources, that may be used for PM source apportionment purposes. Two residential log wood combustion appliances, wood stove (RWS) and fireplace, under different output conditions (nominal and reduced) and wood log moisture content (mix of beech, oak and hornbeam), have been tested. Open wood burning experiments using wood logs were also performed. Green waste burning EFs obtained were comparable to the available literature data for open-air biomass burning. For PM and for most of the organic species studied, they were about 2 to 30 times higher than those observed for wood log combustion experiments. Though, poor performance wood combustions (open-air wood log burning, fireplace and RWS in reduced output) showed comparable EFs for levoglucosan and its isomers, methoxyphenols, polyols, PAHs and sugars. Toxic PAH equivalent benzo[a]pyrene EFs were even 3–10 times higher for the fireplace and open-air wood log burning. These results highlighted the impact of the nature of the fuel burnt and the combustion performances on the emissions. Different chemical fingerprints between both biomass burning sources were highlighted with notably a predominance of odd high-molecular weight n-alkanes (higher carbon preference index, CPI), lower levoglucosan/mannosan ratio and lower sinapylaldehyde abundance for green waste burning. However, the use of such indicators seems limited, especially if applied alone, for a clear discrimination of both sources in ambient air.
Published: 2021
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18. Supplementary material to 'Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the Arctic boundary layer: Seasonal trends and local anthropogenic influence'

Author: Tatiana Drotikova, Alena Dekhtyareva, Roland Kallenborn, and Alexandre Albinet
Published: 2021
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19. Supplementary material to 'Source apportionment of atmospheric PM10 Oxidative Potential: synthesis of 15 year-round urban datasets in France'

Author: Samuël Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, Olivier Favez, Lucille Joanna Borlaza, Aude Calas, Dalia Salameh, Florie Chevrier, Julie Allard, Jean-Luc Besombes, Alexandre Albinet, Sabrina Pontet, Boualem Mesbah, Grégory Gille, Shouwen Zhang, Cyril Pallares, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, and Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
Published: 2021
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20. Source apportionment of atmospheric PM10 Oxidative Potential: synthesis of 15 year-round urban datasets in France

Author: Samuël Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, Olivier Favez, Lucille Joanna Borlaza, Aude Calas, Dalia Salameh, Florie Chevrier, Julie Allard, Jean-Luc Besombes, Alexandre Albinet, Sabrina Pontet, Boualem Mesbah, Grégory Gille, Shouwen Zhang, Cyril Pallares, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, and Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) carried or induced by particulate matter (PM) are suspected to induce oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health impacts, such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM, displaying the ability of PM to oxidize the lung environment, is gaining a strong interest to examine health risks associated to PM exposure. In this study, OP was measured by two different acellular assays (dithiothreitol, DTT and ascorbic acid, AA) on PM10 filter samples from 15 yearly time series of filters collected at 14 different locations in France between 2013 and 2018, including urban, traffic and Alpine valley site typologies. A detailed chemical speciation was also performed on the same samples allowing the source-apportionment of PM using positive matrix factorization (PMF) for each series, for a total number of more than 1700 samples. This study provides then a large-scale synthesis on the source-apportionment of OP using coupled PMF and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The primary road traffic, biomass burning, dust, MSA-rich, and primary biogenic sources had distinct positive redox-activity towards the OPDTT assay, whereas biomass burning and road traffic sources only display significant activity for the OPAA assay. The daily median source contribution to the total OPDTT highlighted the dominant influence of the primary road traffic source. Both the biomass burning and the road traffic sources contributed evenly to the observed OPAA. Therefore, it appears clearly that residential wood burning and road traffic are the two main target sources to prioritized in order to decrease significantly the OP in Western Europe and, would the OP being a good proxy of human health impact, to lower the health risks from PM exposure.
Published: 2021
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21. Disparities in particulate matter (PM10) origins and oxidative potential at a city-scale (Grenoble, France) – Part II: Sources of PM10 oxidative potential using multiple linear regression analysis and the predictive applicability of multilayer perceptron neural network analysis

Author: Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Samuël Weber, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Stephan Houdier, Rémy Slama, Camille Rieux, Alexandre Albinet, Steve Micallef, Cécile Trébluchon, and Gaëlle Uzu
Abstract: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) quantifies PM capability to cause anti-oxidant imbalance. Due to the wide range and complex mixture of species in particulates, little is known on the pollution sources most strongly contributing to OP. A one-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10) was performed over different sites in a medium-sized city (Grenoble, France). An enhanced fine-scale apportionment of PM10 sources, based on the chemical composition, was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) method and reported in a companion paper (Borlaza et al., 2020). OP was assessed as the ability of PM10 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) using three different acellular assays: Dithiothreitol (DTT), Ascorbic acid (AA), and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) assays. Using multiple linear regression (MLR), the OP contribution of the sources identified by PMF were estimated. Conversely, since atmospheric processes are usually non-linear in nature, artificial neural network (ANN) techniques, which employs non-linear models, could further improve estimates. Hence, the multilayer perceptron analysis (MLP), an ANN-based model, was additionally used to model OP based on PMF-resolved sources as well. This study presents the spatiotemporal variabilities of OP activity with influences by season-specific sources, site typology and specific local features, and assay sensitivity. Overall, both MLR and MLP effectively captured the evolution of OP. The primary traffic and biomass burning sources were the strongest drivers of OP in the Grenoble basin. There is also a clear redistribution of source-specific impacts when using OP instead of mass concentration, underlining the importance of PM redox activity over mass concentration. Finally, the MLP generally offered improvements in OP prediction especially for sites where synergistic and/or antagonistic effects between sources are prominent, supporting the value of using ANN-based models to account for the non-linear dynamics behind the atmospheric processes affecting OP of PM10.
Published: 2021
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22. Supplementary material to 'Disparities in particulate matter (PM10) origins and oxidative potential at a city-scale (Grenoble, France) – Part II: Sources of PM10 oxidative potential using multiple linear regression analysis and the predictive applicability of multilayer perceptron neural network analysis'

Author: Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Samuël Weber, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Stephan Houdier, Rémy Slama, Camille Rieux, Alexandre Albinet, Steve Micallef, Cécile Trébluchon, and Gaëlle Uzu
Published: 2021
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23. One-year measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) markers in the Paris region (France): Concentrations, gas/particle partitioning and SOA source apportionment

Author: Nicolas Bonnaire, Gerhard Lammel, Laurent Y. Alleman, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pourya Shahpoury, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Bertrand Bessagnet, F. Couvidat, Alexandre Albinet, Olivier Favez, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), INERIS, Parc Technologique, ALATA BP 2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, TRACER, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Isoprene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Total organic carbon, Pinene, Particulates, Aerosol, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Particle
Abstract: Twenty-five biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) markers have been measured over a one-year period in both gaseous and PM10 phases in the Paris region (France). Seasonal and chemical patterns were similar to those previously observed in Europe, but significantly different from the ones observed in America and Asia due to dissimilarities in source precursor emissions. Nitroaromatic compounds showed higher concentrations in winter due to larger emissions of their precursors originating from biomass combustion used for residential heating purposes. Among the biogenic markers, only isoprene SOA marker concentrations increased in summer while pinene SOA markers did not display any clear seasonal trend. The measured SOA markers, usually considered as semi-volatiles, were mainly associated to the particulate phase, except for the nitrophenols and nitroguaiacols, and their gas/particle partitioning (GPP) showed a low temperature and OM concentrations dependency. An evaluation of their GPP with thermodynamic model predictions suggested that apart from equilibrium partitioning between organic phase and air, the GPP of the markers is affected by processes suppressing volatility from a mixed organic and inorganic phase, such as enhanced dissolution in aerosol aqueous phase and non-equilibrium conditions. SOA marker concentrations were used to apportion secondary organic carbon (SOC) sources applying both, an improved version of the SOA-tracer method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) Total SOC estimations agreed very well between both models, except in summer and during a highly processed Springtime PM pollution event in which systematic underestimation by the SOA tracer method was evidenced. As a first approach, the SOA-tracer method could provide a reliable estimation of the average SOC concentrations, but it is limited due to the lack of markers for aged SOA together with missing SOA/SOC conversion fractions for several sources.
Published: 2021
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24. Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Author: Joel Savarino, Jean-Eudes Petit, Gilles Levigoureux, Shouwen Zhang, Sabrina Pontet, Laurent Y. Alleman, Florie Chevrier, Carole Boullanger, Raphaële Falhun, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Besombes, Nicolas Bonnaire, Samuël Weber, Deepchandra Srivastava, Abdoulaye Samaké, Dalia Salameh, Arnaud Papin, Valérie Gros, Véronique Riffault, Yunjiang Zhang, Anais Detournay, Caroline Marchand, Alexandre Albinet, Nicolas Marchand, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Céline Garbin, Mélodie Chatain, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, Véronique Ghersi, Sébastien Conil, Jérôme Rangognio, Tanguy Amodeo, Guillaume Grignion, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Benjamin Chazeau, Olivier Favez, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), LCSQA - Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AtmoSud, Madininair, Atmo Grand Est, Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Atmo Bourgogne Franche-Comté (ATMO BFC), Atmo Normandie, Air Breizh, Gwad'air, AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Qualitair Corse, Air Pays de la Loire, ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), LIG'AIR- Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en Région Centre, ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), French Ministry of Environment, ADEME, CNRS, CEA, ACTRIS-France (CLAP national observation service), ANDRA, ENS Paris, CARA program (LCSQA), CPER CLIMIBIO, SOURCES project (1462C0064), DECOMBIO project (1362C0028), PM-DRIVE project (1162C0002), CAMERA project (1062c0008), INACS project (1262c0011), QAMECS project (1262c0011), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Atmo Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: In situ, Atmospheric Science, source, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aerosol chemical composition, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Mineral dust, Reference laboratory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, apportionment, Apportionment, 11. Sustainability, Air quality index, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, aerosol chemical composition, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Quality control, source apportionment, Particulates, atmospheric_science, Aerosol, monitoring strategies, 13. Climate action, urban air quality, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, France, business, Quality assurance
Abstract: The CARA program has been developed since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks to gain a better knowledge at the national level on the particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results of strong collaborations with international-level academic partners, allowing to bring state-of-the-art, straightforward and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all along the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.
Published: 2021
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25. Liquid Combustion Aerosol Standard Generator (CAST): a low-cost alternative combustion emission source for aeronautical fuel evaluation

Author: Rafael Barrellon-Vernay, David Delhaye, Mathieu Cazaunau, Bergé, A., Pangui, E., Berthier, A., Nicolas Karoski, Alexandre Albinet, Jean-Eudes Petit, Singh, A., Ser, F., Jean-Francois Doussin, Cristian Focsa, Ortega, Ismael K., Civs, Gestionnaire, DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Emissions from aircraft engines impact climate and air quality in and around airports (Airbus GMF 2018, Vorster et al. 2013). There are different options available to reduce aircraft emissions, based notably on the development of sustainable fuels. The evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of the particulate emissions from such fuels in real conditions is difficult to achieve and very expensive. The mini-CAST burner, suitable for the combustion of liquid fuel (Jing 2003), is an interesting alternative to obtain soot emissions comparable to those from aircraft engine. The design of the liquid CAST is based on the conventional propane model but here, the propane flame is used to vaporize the fuel in the combustion chamber to further generate a flame. A quenching flow of nitrogen stops the combustion reactions and a flow of dilution air accelerates emissions in the measurement line and avoids soot agglomeration. This work aimed to characterize CAST emissions for aircraft fuels of different chemical compositions and to study their stability and reproducibility.
Published: 2021

26. Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe

Author: Jeroen Kuenen, Giulia Stefenelli, Arjo Segers, Alexandre Albinet, Laure-Estelle Cassagnes, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Jianhui Jiang, Josef Dommen, Imad El Haddad, Samuël Weber, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Olivier Favez, Athanasia Vlachou, Zaira Leni, Sebnem Aksoyoglu, Francesco Canonaco, Gaëlle Uzu, Urs Baltensperger, Marianne Geiser, Martijn Schaap, André S. H. Prévôt, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Anatomy, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), University of Berne, and Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern
Subjects: Rural Population, Acute effects, Urban Population, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, Bronchi, Oxidative phosphorylation, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Air Pollution, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Humans, Mass concentration (chemistry), Cities, Biomass burning, Cells, Cultured, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, Multidisciplinary, Ambient air pollution, Epithelial Cells, Oxidative activity, Models, Theoretical, Particulates, Europe, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Particulate matter is a component of ambient air pollution that has been linked to millions of annual premature deaths globally(1-3). Assessments of the chronic and acute effects of particulate matter on human health tend to be based on mass concentration, with particle size and composition also thought to play a part(4). Oxidative potential has been suggested to be one of the many possible drivers of the acute health effects of particulate matter, but the link remains uncertain(5-8). Studies investigating the particulate-matter components that manifest an oxidative activity have yielded conflicting results(7). In consequence, there is still much to be learned about the sources of particulate matter that may control the oxidative potential concentration(7). Here we use field observations and air-quality modelling to quantify the major primary and secondary sources of particulate matter and of oxidative potential in Europe. We find that secondary inorganic components, crustal material and secondary biogenic organic aerosols control the mass concentration of particulate matter. By contrast, oxidative potential concentration is associated mostly with anthropogenic sources, in particular with fine-mode secondary organic aerosols largely from residential biomass burning and coarse-mode metals from vehicular non-exhaust emissions. Our results suggest that mitigation strategies aimed at reducing the mass concentrations of particulate matter alone may not reduce the oxidative potential concentration. If the oxidative potential can be linked to major health impacts, it may be more effective to control specific sources of particulate matter rather than overall particulate mass. Observations and air-quality modelling reveal that the sources of particulate matter and oxidative potential in Europe are different, implying that reducing mass concentrations of particulate matter alone may not reduce oxidative potential.
Published: 2020
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27. Supplementary material to 'Nitrate radical generation via continuous generation of dinitrogen pentoxide in a laminar flow reactor coupled to an oxidation flow reactor'

Author: Andrew T. Lambe, Ezra C. Wood, Jordan E. Krechmer, Francesca Majluf, Leah R. Williams, Philip L. Croteau, Manuela Cirtog, Anaïs Féron, Jean-Eudes Petit, Alexandre Albinet, Jose L. Jimenez, and Zhe Peng
Published: 2020
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28. Substantial brown carbon emissions from wintertime residential wood burning over France

Author: Valérie Gros, Griša Močnik, Véronique Jacob, Grégory Gille, Jean-Eudes Petit, Gilles Levigoureux, Florie Chevrier, Sabrina Pontet, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Yunjiang Zhang, Olivier Favez, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Eve Chretien, Alexandre Albinet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring, Atmo-PACA, ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), Atmo Grand Est, Atmo Normandie, University of Nova Gorica, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Radiative effect, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Chemistry, Multi sites, Brown carbon, Biomass burning, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Mass absorption, integumentary system, Mass absorption efficiency, Levoglucosan, Residential wood burning, Pollution, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geographic origin, Aerosol absorption, Environmental science, Wood burning, France
Abstract: International audience; levated concentrations of inorganic arsenic, one of the most potent environmental toxicants and carcinogens, have been detected in well water around Lake Poopó, Bolivia. This study aimed to assess human exposure to arsenic in villages around Lake Poopó, and also to elucidate whether the metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in this population is as efficient as previously indicated in other Andean areas. We recruited 201 women from 10 villages around Lake Poopó. Arsenic exposure was determined as the sum concentration of arsenic metabolites (inorganic arsenic; monomethylarsonic acid, MMA; and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) in urine (U-As), measured by HPLC-HG-ICP-MS. Efficiency of arsenic metabolism was assessed by the relative fractions of the urinary metabolites. The women had a wide variation in U-As (range 12–407 μg/L, median 65 μg/L) and a markedly efficient metabolism of arsenic with low %MMA (median 7.7%, range: 2.2–18%) and high %DMA (80%, range: 54–91%) in urine. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, ethnicity (Aymara-Quechua vs. Uru), body weight, fish consumption and tobacco smoking were associated with urinary arsenic metabolite fractions. On average, the Uru women had 2.5 lower % (percentage unit) iAs, 2.2 lower %MMA and 4.7 higher %DMA compared with the Aymara-Quechua women. Our study identified several factors that may predict these women's arsenic methylation capacity, particularly ethnicity. Further studies should focus on mechanisms underlying these differences in arsenic metabolism efficiency, and its importance for the risk of arsenic-related health effects.
Published: 2020
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29. Field characterization of the PM2.5 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor: insights into the composition, sources, and processes of fine particles in eastern China

Author: André S. H. Prévôt, Yele Sun, Alexandre Albinet, Zhuang Wang, Douglas R. Worsnop, Philip Croteau, Jean Sciare, Lili Tang, Olivier Favez, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Florian Couvidat, Hongliang Zhang, Yunjiang Zhang, and John T. Jayne
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Haze, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Particle, Relative humidity, Sulfate, Mass fraction, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A PM2.5-capable aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in urban Nanjing, China for the first time to measure in-situ non-refractory fine particle (NR-PM2.5) composition from October 20 to November 19, 2015 along with parallel measurements of submicron aerosol (PM1) species by a standard ACSM. Our results show that the NR-PM2.5 species (organics, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) measured by the PM2.5-ACSM are highly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with those measured by a Sunset Lab OC/EC Analyzer and a Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA). The comparisons between the two ACSMs illustrated similar temporal variations in all NR species between PM1 and PM2.5, yet substantial mass fractions of aerosol species were observed in the size range of 1–2.5 μm. On average, NR-PM1–2.5 contributed 53 % of the total NR-PM2.5 with sulfate and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) being the two largest contributors (26 % and 27 %, respectively). Rapid formation and thereafter growth of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) were observed under fog processing in NH3-rich environments. Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol showed similar temporal variations in both primary and secondary OA between PM1 and PM2.5 although the mass spectra were slightly different due to more thermal decomposition on the capture vaporizer of PM2.5-ACSM. We observed an enhancement of SOA under high relative humidity conditions, which is associated with simultaneous increases in particle surface area, gas-phase species (NO2, SO2, and NH3) concentrations and aerosol water content driven by anthropogenic SIA. These results likely indicate an enhanced reactive uptake of SOA precursors upon aqueous particles. Therefore, reducing anthropogenic NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions might not only reduce SIA but also SOA burden during haze episodes in China.
Published: 2017
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30. Sources and atmospheric chemistry of oxy- and nitro-PAHs in the ambient air of Grenoble (France)

Author: Eric Villenave, Alexandre Albinet, Emilie Perraudin, Olivier Favez, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Sophie Tomaz, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, NPAH, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, SOA, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Pollutant, Primary (chemistry), Opah, biology, OPAH, AEROSOL, PAH, Particulates, biology.organism_classification, REACTIVITY, Aerosol, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Total individual concentrations (in both gaseous and particulate phases) of 80 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) including 32 nitro-PAHs, 27 oxy-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and 21 parent PAHs have been investigated over a year in the ambient air of Grenoble (France) together with an extended aerosol chemical characterization. The results indicated that their concentrations were strongly affected by primary emissions in cold period, especially from residential heating (i.e. biomass burning). Besides, secondary processes occurred in summer but also in cold period under specific conditions such as during long thermal inversion layer periods and severe PM pollution events. Different secondary processes were involved during both PM pollution events observed in March–April and in December 2013. During the first one, long range transport of air masses, nitrate chemistry and secondary nitro-PAH formation seemed linked. During the second one, the accumulation of primary pollutants over several consecutive days enhanced secondary chemical processes notably highlighted by the dramatic increase of oxy-PAH concentrations. The study of the time trends of ratios of individual nitro- or oxy-PAHs to parent PAHs, in combination with key primary or secondary aerosol species and literature data, allowed the identification of potential molecular markers of PAH oxidation. Finally, 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one, biphenyl-2,2’-dicarboxaldehyde and 3-nitrophenanthrene have been selected to be the best candidates as markers of PAH oxidation processes in ambient air.
Published: 2017
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31. Seasonal Variations and Chemical Predictors of Oxidative Potential (OP) of Particulate Matter (PM), for Seven Urban French Sites

Author: Boualem Mesbah, Florie Chevrier, Aurélie Charron, Alexandre Albinet, Samuël Weber, Jean M.F. Martins, Guillaume Brulfert, Gaëlle Uzu, Aude Calas, Matteo Redaelli, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Olivier Favez, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Département Aménagement, Mobilités et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), UMR 5001, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Atmo-Sud, GeographR, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), IFSTTAR, Laboratoire Transports et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME/LTE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, LCSQA - Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air, Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), This work was partially funded by ANSES for OP measurements (ExPOSURE program, grant 2016-CRD-31), IDEX UGA grant for innovation 2017 ROS-ONLINE, Atmo Sud for the chemical analyses of the samples from Nice and Port-de-Bouc, and the French Ministry of Environment, as part of the National reference laboratory for air quality (LCSQA), for the samples from Grenoble, Talence and Nice. The study in Chamonix was funded by ADEME. The University of Grenoble Alpes funded the PhD grant of A. Calas with a 'President Award'. The PhD of Samuël Weber was funded by a grant from ENS Paris. The PhD of Florie Chevrier was funded by Région Rhône-Alpes Auvergne. This study was also supported by direct funding by IGE (technician salary), the LEFE CHAT (program 863353: 'Le PO comme proxy de l’impact sanitaire'), and LABEX OSUG@2020 (ANR-10-LABX-56) (both for funding analytical instruments)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, medicine.disease_cause, GEOF, 01 natural sciences, Road transport, Urban background, 11. Sustainability, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, OP tracerspredictors, chemical composition of PM, Biomass burning, chemical composition of pm, op tracers/predictors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, oxidative potential, Particulates, urban background sites, MESH: Particulate Matter, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric pollutants, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology
Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that the main part of chronic effects from air pollution is likely to be linked with particulate matter (PM). Oxidative potential (OP) of PM is gaining strong interest as a promising health exposure metric. This study combined atmospheric detailed composition results obtained for seven different urban background environments over France to examine any possible common feature in OP seasonal variations obtained using two assays (acid ascorbic (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT)) along a large set of samples ( N &gt, 700 ). A remarkable homogeneity in annual cycles was observed with a higher OP activity in wintertime at all investigated sites. Univariate correlations were used to link the concentrations of some major chemical components of PM and their OP. Four PM components were identified as OP predictors: OC, EC, monosaccharides and Cu. These species are notably emitted by road transport and biomass burning, targeting main sources probably responsible for the measured OP activity. The results obtained confirm that the relationship between OP and atmospheric pollutants is assay- and location-dependent and, thus, the strong need for a standardized test, or set of tests, for further regulation purposes.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. UNREAL Project: Unveiling nucleation mechanism in aircraft engine exhaust and its link with fuel composition

Author: Ortega, Ismael K., Cristian Focsa, Jean-Francois Doussin, Véronique Riffault, Sylvain Picaud, Alexandre Albinet, Valérie Gros, Topi Ronkko, Victor Archilla, DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] (TUT), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), ANR-18-CE22-0019,UNREAL,Dévoilement du mécanisme de nucléation dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avion et de son lien avec la composition du carburant(2018), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Riffault, Véronique, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Dévoilement du mécanisme de nucléation dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avion et de son lien avec la composition du carburant - - UNREAL2018 - ANR-18-CE22-0019 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique - - Cappa2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0005 - LABX - VALID, and André, Cécile
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ENGINE EMISSIONS, BIOFUEL, EMISSIONS MOTEUR, [PHYS] Physics [physics], [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], SOOT, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, BIOCARBURANT, NEW PARTICLE FORMATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SUIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Aviation emissions are not limited to greenhouse gases like CO2 or water but include as well other gases like nitrogen oxides (NOx) or sulfur oxides (SOx) and volatile and non-volatile particulate matter (vPM and nvPM respectively). nvPM is defined as particles present in the engine exhaust at temperatures higher than 350°C and consists essentially in soot particles produced by the incomplete combustion of the fuel. vPM is formed by nucleation from gaseous precursors in the cooling exhaust gas downstream the combustor, when the concentration of preexisting particles has decreased, favoring homogeneous nucleation versus heterogeneous one (absorption of gases onto preexisting particles). Sulfuric acid formed in the engine exhaust seems to be linked to the formation of vPM. However, the amount of sulfur present in the fuel converted to sulfuric acid in the exhaust is too small to explain the amount of vPM observed. Chemi-ions and organic compounds emitted by the engine are one of the most suitable candidates to explain the formation of vPM in the engine exhaust, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unknown...
Published: 2019

33. Sources contribution to the oxidative potential of PM10 at 15 French sites

Author: Samuel Weber, Gaëlle UZU, Dalia Salameh, Alexandre Albinet, Jean-Luc Besombes, Olivier Favez, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire LCME / Equipe Chimie de l'Environnement (LCME_CE), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

34. Supplementary material to 'Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)'

Author: Yunjiang Zhang, Olivier Favez, Jean-Eudes Petit, Francesco Canonaco, Francois Truong, Nicolas Bonnaire, Vincent Crenn, Tanguy Amodeo, Andre S. H. Prévôt, Jean Sciare, Valerie Gros, and Alexandre Albinet
Published: 2019
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35. Importance of the PBOA fraction of PM10

Author: Abdoulaye Samaké, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Olivier Favez, Samuel Weber, Véronique Jacob, Alexandre Albinet, Véronique Riffault, Esperanza Perdrix, Antoine Waked, Benjamin Golly, Dalia Salameh, Florie Chevrier, Diogo Miguel Oliveira, Nicolas Bonnaire, Jean-Luc Besombes, Martins, Jean M. F., Sébastien Conil, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Mesbah, Benoit Rocq, Pierre-Yves Robic, Agnès Hulin, Sébastien Le Meur, Maxence Descheemaecker, Eve Chretien, Nicolas Marchand, Gaëlle UZU, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), Atmo-Sud, GeographR, ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Atmo Occitanie, Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Atmo Normandie, LIG'AIR- Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en Région Centre, Atmo Grand Est, Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

36. Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach

Author: Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Antoine Waked, Alexandre Albinet, Benoit Rocq, Laurent Y. Alleman, Olivier Favez, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshbah, Jean-Luc Besombes, Véronique Jacob, Agnès Hulin, Samuël Weber, Dalia Salameh, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Eve Chretien, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire LCME / Equipe Chimie de l'Environnement (LCME_CE), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Atmo Normandie, Atmo Grand Est, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, PM, Air pollution, Context (language use), lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Representativeness heuristic, GEOF, similarity assessment, 11. Sustainability, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Nonnegative matrix, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematical model, Homogeneity (statistics), source apportionment, Particulates, uncertainties, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, aerosols
Abstract: Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012&ndash, 2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.
Published: 2019
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37. Speciation of organic fractions does matter for aerosol source apportionment. Part 3: Combining off-line and on-line measurements

Author: Yunjiang Zhang, Nicolas Bonnaire, Olivier Favez, Uwayemi Sofowote, Eric Villenave, Philip K. Hopke, Valérie Gros, Alexandre Albinet, Emilie Perraudin, Deepchandra Srivastava, Jean-Eudes Petit, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Pollution, Aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), Environmental Engineering, Source apportionment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Biomass burning, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Time synchronization, media_common, Particulate matter (PM), Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), Chemical speciation, Molecular markers, Time resolution, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Mass spectrum, Environmental science, Off line
Abstract: International audience; he present study proposes an advanced methodology to refine the source apportionment of organic aerosol (OA). This methodology is based on the combination of offline and online datasets in a single Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis using the multilinear engine (ME-2) algorithm and a customized time synchronization procedure. It has been applied to data from measurements conducted in the Paris region (France) during a PM pollution event in March 2015. Measurements included OA ACSM (Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) mass spectra and specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers from PM10 filters on their original time resolution (30 min for ACSM and 4 h for PM10 filters). Comparison with the conventional PMF analysis of the ACSM OA dataset (PMF-ACSM) showed very good agreement for the discrimination between primary and secondary OA fractions with about 75% of the OA mass of secondary origin. Furthermore, the use of the combined datasets allowed the deconvolution of 3 primary OA (POA) factors and 7 secondary OA (SOA) factors. A clear identification of the source/origin of 54% of the total SOA mass could be achieved thanks to specific molecular markers. Specifically, 28% of that fraction was linked to combustion sources (biomass burning and traffic emissions). A clear identification of primary traffic OA was also obtained using the PMF-combined analysis while PMF-ACSM only gave a proxy for this OA source in the form of total hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) mass concentrations. In addition, the primary biomass burning-related OA source was explained by two OA factors, BBOA and OPOA-like BBOA. This new approach has showed undeniable advantages over the conventional approaches by providing valuable insights into the processes involved in SOA formation and their sources. However, the origins of highly oxidized SOA could not be fully identified due to the lack of specific molecular markers for such aged SOA.
Published: 2019
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38. Quick comments on the paper 'Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China'

Author: Alexandre ALBINET
Published: 2019
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39. Evidence of major secondary organic aerosol contribution to lensing effect black carbon absorption enhancement

Author: Francesco Canonaco, Dantong Liu, Alexandre Albinet, Tanguy Amodeo, Yunjiang Zhang, Jean Sciare, André S. H. Prévôt, Olivier Favez, Valérie Gros, Griša Močnik, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Global warming, Carbon black, 010501 environmental sciences, lcsh:QC851-999, Combustion, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Particle, Climate model, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Air quality index, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric black carbon (BC) has a strong positive, but still controversial, effect on global warming. In particular, BC absorption enhancement (Eabs) due to internal mixing with other chemical species—so-called lensing effect—is poorly assessed. This bottleneck partly relies on the lack of long-term in situ measurements of both the optical and chemical properties of BC-containing particles. Here, we present experimental and computational results showing a significant Eabs increase with the aerosol photochemical aging. This was associated with the production of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosols (SOA), especially at summertime. The 3-year-long continuous aerosol chemical and optical measurements used for the present study was obtained in the Paris region, France, which might be representative of near-future air quality within developing countries. These findings suggest that SOA could represent one of the most critical chemical species to be considered within climate models. Tiny remnants of combustion, known as black carbon, absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere—an effect that can be doubled by “lensing” from secondary organic aerosols. A multi-institution team led by Olivier Favez at the Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques conducted a three-year observational and modeling study near Paris. The researchers tested a range of atmospheric constituents and found that secondary organic aerosols—adhered to black carbon particles—are the most important determinant of the enhanced warming. The aerosols are produced by photochemical reactions with a wide variety of natural and human-produced volatile organic compounds, and act to focus solar radiation to the core of the black carbon particle, especially during the particle aging process during summer. The findings—although specific to Paris—provide insights into the specific compounds leading to enhanced warming, and reveal the most effective targets for remediating their effect.
Published: 2018
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40. Polyols and glucose particulate species as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosols at 28 french sites

Author: Abdoulaye Samake, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Olivier Favez, Samuël Weber, Véronique Jacob, Alexandre Albinet, Véronique Riffault, Esperanza Perdrix, Antoine Waked, Benjamin Golly, Dalia Salameh, Florie Chevrier, Diogo Miguel Oliveira, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jean M. F. Martins, Sébastien Conil, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshba, Benoit Rocq, Pierre-Yves Robic, Agnès Hulin, Sébastien Le Meur, Maxence Descheemaecker, Eve Chretien, and Gaëlle Uzu
Abstract: A growing number of studies are using specific primary sugar species, such as sugar alcohols or primary saccharides, as marker compounds to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOA) in the atmosphere. To better understand their annual cycles, as well as their spatio-temporal abundance in terms of concentrations and sources, we conducted a large study focusing on three major atmospheric primary sugar compounds (i.e. arabitol, mannitol and glucose) measured in various environmental conditions on about 5,300 filter samples collected at 28 sites in France. Our results show significant atmospheric concentrations of polyols (defined here as the sum of arabitol and mannitol) and glucose at each sampling location, highlighting their ubiquity. Results also confirm that polyols and glucose are mainly associated with the coarse rather than the fine aerosol mode. At nearly all sites, atmospheric concentrations of polyols and glucose display a well-marked seasonal pattern, with maximum concentrations from late spring to early autumn, followed by an abrupt decrease in late autumn, and a minimum concentration during wintertime. Such seasonal patterns support biogenic emissions associated with higher biological metabolic activities (e.g. sporulation, growth, etc.) during warmer periods. Results from a previous comprehensive study using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) based on an extended aerosol chemical composition dataset of up to 130 species for 16 of the same sample series has also been used in the present work. Results show that PBOA are significant sources of total OM in PM10 (13 ± 4 % on a yearly average, and up to 40 % in some environments in summer) at most of the investigated sites. The mean PBOA chemical profile is clearly dominated by OM (78 ± 9 % of the mass of the PBOA PMF factor on average), suggesting that ambient polyols are most likely associated with biological particle emissions (e.g. active spore discharge) rather than soil dust resuspension.
Published: 2018
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41. Supplementary material to 'Polyols and glucose particulate species as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosols at 28 french sites'

Author: Abdoulaye Samake, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Olivier Favez, Samuël Weber, Véronique Jacob, Alexandre Albinet, Véronique Riffault, Esperanza Perdrix, Antoine Waked, Benjamin Golly, Dalia Salameh, Florie Chevrier, Diogo Miguel Oliveira, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jean M. F. Martins, Sébastien Conil, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshba, Benoit Rocq, Pierre-Yves Robic, Agnès Hulin, Sébastien Le Meur, Maxence Descheemaecker, Eve Chretien, and Gaëlle Uzu
Published: 2018
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42. Speciation of organic fraction does matter for source apportionment. Part 1: A one-year campaign in Grenoble (France)

Author: Eric Villenave, Deepchandra Srivastava, Alexandre Albinet, Emilie Perraudin, Jean-Luc Besombes, Laurent Y. Alleman, Véronique Jacob, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Benjamin Golly, Sophie Tomaz, Olivier Favez, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, MOLECULAR MARKERS, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, SOA, Waste Management and Disposal, Isoprene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Total organic carbon, Primary (chemistry), AEROSOL, HULIS, Aerosol, Speciation, chemistry, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, PRIMARY BIOGENIC ORGANICS
Abstract: International audience; PM10 source apportionment was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) using specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers on samples collected over a one year period (2013) at an urban station in Grenoble (France). The results provided a 9-factor optimum solution, including sources rarely apportioned in the literature, such as two types of primary biogenic organic aerosols (fungal spores and plant debris), as well as specific biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA). These sources were identified thanks to the use of key organic markers, namely, polyols, odd number higher alkanes, and several SOA markers related to the oxidation of isoprene, α-pinene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Primary and secondary biogenic contributions together accounted for at least 68% of the total organic carbon (OC) in the summer, while anthropogenic primary and secondary sources represented at least 71% of OC during wintertime. A very significant contribution of anthropogenic SOA was estimated in the winter during an intense PM pollution event (PM10 > 50 μg m− 3 for several days; 18% of PM10 and 42% of OC). Specific meteorological conditions with a stagnation of pollutants over 10 days and possibly Fenton-like chemistry and self-amplification cycle of SOA formation could explain such high anthropogenic SOA concentrations during this period. Finally, PMF outputs were also used to investigate the origins of humic-like substances (HuLiS), which represented 16% of OC on an annual average basis. The results indicated that HuLiS were mainly associated with biomass burning (22%), secondary inorganic (22%), mineral dust (15%) and biogenic SOA (14%) factors. This study is probably the first to state that HuLiS are significantly associated with mineral dust.
Published: 2018
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43. Recent papers about molecular markers in PMF

Author: Alexandre ALBINET
Published: 2018
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44. Combining online and offline measurements for organic aerosol source apportionment

Author: Deepchandra Srivastava, Olivier Favez, Nicolas Bonnaire, Emilie Perraudin, Valérie Gros, Franco Lucarelli, Eric VILLENAVE, Alexandre Albinet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, PMF, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, AÉROSOL ORGANIQUE, ONLINE/OFFLINE MEASUREMENTS, MESURES AUTOMATIQUES ET MANUELLES, ORGANIC AEROSOL, MODÈLE SOURCE-RÉCEPTEUR
Abstract: The present study proposes a novel approach to combine online and offline measurements in statistical source-receptor model such as Positive matrix factorization (PMF). Offline measurements include here POA (primary organic aerosol) and SOA (secondary organic aerosol) molecular markers. Their combination with data obtained using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) notably allowed for a better deconvolution of SOA fractions - at short time resolution (30min) - of SOA fractions than usually not obtained with online measurements only.; Ces travaux proposent une nouvelle approche permettant de combiner des mesures automatiques et manuelles de la composition chimique des aérosols à l’aide d’un modèle statistique de type “Positive Matrix Factorization” (PMF). Les mesures manuelles incluent des marqueurs moléculaires spécifiques des aérosols organiques primaires et secondaires (AOP et AOS). La combinaison de ces mesures avec les données issues d’un Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) a notamment permis d’obtenir une meilleure discrimination des différentes fractions de l’AOS - sur un pas de temps court (30min) – que ce qu’il est générallement réalisé à l’aide des seules mesures automatiques.
Published: 2018

45. Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5 : A Review of Recent Studies

Author: Emilie Perraudin, Olivier Favez, Alexandre Albinet, Eric Villenave, Deepchandra Srivastava, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, 01 natural sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities, Apportionment, AEROSOLS, PARTICULATE MATTER, 11. Sustainability, SOA, SOC, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Physicochemical Processes, Scale (chemistry), Chemical mass balance, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Research studies, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Biochemical engineering, Elemental carbon
Abstract: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to account for a major fraction of airborne particulate matter, with significant impacts on air quality and climate at the global scale. Despite the substantial amount of research studies achieved during these last decades, the source apportionment of the SOA fraction remains difficult due to the complexity of the physicochemical processes involved. The selection and use of appropriate approaches are a major challenge for the atmospheric science community. Several methodologies are nowadays available to perform quantitative and/or predictive assessments of the SOA amount and composition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the most commonly used approaches to evaluate secondary organic carbon (SOC) contents: elemental carbon (EC) tracer method, chemical mass balance (CMB), SOA tracer method, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The principles, limitations, challenges and good practices of each of these methodologies are discussed in the present article. Based on a comprehensive—although not exhaustive—review of research papers published during the last decade (2006⁻2016), SOC estimates obtained using these methodologies are also summarized for different regions across the world. Conclusions of some studies which are directly comparing the performances of different methodologies are then specifically discussed. An overall picture of SOC contributions and concentrations obtained worldwide for urban sites under similar conditions (i.e., geographical and seasonal ones) is also proposed here. Finally, further needs to improve SOC apportionment methodologies are also identified and discussed.
Published: 2018
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46. Speciation of organic fractions does matter for aerosol source apportionment. Part 2 : Intensive short-term campaign in the Paris area (France)

Author: Emilie Perraudin, Nicolas Bonnaire, Martial Haeffelin, Alexandre Albinet, Eric Villenave, Valérie Gros, Franco Lucarelli, Deepchandra Srivastava, Olivier Favez, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, MOLECULAR MARKERS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities, Apportionment, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, SOA, Biomass burning, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Total organic carbon, Primary (chemistry), PMF, AEROSOL, Aerosol, Speciation, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed at performing PM10 source apportionment, using positive matrix factorization (PMF), based on filter samples collected every 4 h at a sub-urban station in the Paris region (France) during a PM pollution event in March 2015 (PM10 > 50 μg m−3 for several consecutive days). The PMF model allowed to deconvolve 11 source factors. The use of specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers favoured the determination of common sources such as biomass burning and primary traffic emissions, as well as 2 specific biogenic SOA (marine + isoprene) and 3 anthropogenic SOA (nitro-PAHs + oxy-PAHs + phenolic compounds oxidation) factors. This study is probably the first one to report the use of methylnitrocatechol isomers as well as 1-nitropyrene to apportion secondary OA linked to biomass burning emissions and primary traffic emissions, respectively. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) fractions were found to account for 47% of the total OC. The use of organic molecular markers allowed the identification of 41% of the total SOC composed of anthropogenic SOA (namely, oxy-PAHs, nitro-PAHs and phenolic compounds oxidation, representing 15%, 9%, 11% of the total OC, respectively) and biogenic SOA (marine + isoprene) (6% in total). Results obtained also showed that 35% of the total SOC originated from anthropogenic sources and especially PAH SOA (oxy-PAHs + nitro-PAHs), accounting for 24% of the total SOC, highlighting its significant contribution in urban influenced environments. Anthropogenic SOA related to nitro-PAHs and phenolic compounds exhibited a clear diurnal pattern with high concentrations during the night indicating the prominent role of night-time chemistry but with different chemical processes involved.
Published: 2018
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47. Demonstrating that speciation of organic fraction does matter for source apportionment : use of specific primary and secondary organic markers

Author: Deepchandra Srivastava, Olivier Favez, Emilie Perraudin, Jean-Luc Besombes, Laurent Alleman, Grazia-Maria Lanzafame, Sophie Tomaz, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Clément Bret, Benjamin Golly, Eric VILLENAVE, Alexandre Albinet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Civs, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Organic aerosol (OA) is a major part of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM), accounting for approximately 20-60% w/w of PM in the continental mid-altitudes. However, ambient OA remains poorly understood due to mixed source origins and processes (anthropogenic and biogenic, primary and secondary). The objective of this study was to refine source apportionment of PM10 OA by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) using specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers. PM10 samples were collected over a one year period (2013) at an urban station in Grenoble (France) every third day (24 h-basis sampling) on quartz filters, and an extended chemical characterization was performed (~216 species quantified) including specific primary organic markers i.e. levoglucosan, polyols (arabitol, mannitol), 1-nitropyrene (diesel emission), PAHs, alkanes, hopanes, etc. and secondary markers i.e. nitro- and oxy-PAHs, hydroxyglutaric acid (α-pinene secondary organic aerosol SOA), α-methyl glyceric acid (isoprene SOA), DHOPA (toluene SOA), etc. together with other PM chemical species such as OC/EC, Humic Like Substances (HuLiS), ions/cations (Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-), metals (Ba, Cu, Ti, Zn, Sb,...). Results showed that a better source apportionment of PM10 OA fraction was achieved using specific organic markers with additional sources resolved such as biogenic SOA, anthropogenic SOA, primary biogenic (fungi) and plant debris by comparison to more traditional PMF. More than 50% of OC seemed secondary in nature, and a high contribution of anthropogenic SOA was noticed in winter during a specific PM pollution event. Primary and secondary sources of HuLiS were also investigated in this study. Discussion will further underline the details of the chemical and temporal/seasonal profiles of each factor, and their relative contributions.
Published: 2017

48. A synergic approach to perform source apportionment of organic aerosol using offline and online measurements in Positive Matrix Factorization

Author: Deepchandra Srivastava, Olivier Favez, Emilie Perraudin, Valérie Gros, Lucarelli, F., Eric VILLENAVE, Alexandre Albinet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Understanding the sources and processes responsible of atmospheric PM composition and concentration is required to implement effective PM control strategies. During the last decade, the use of online non-refractory submicron aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) measurements have successfully allowed real time measurements of organic fraction. However, to profoundly understand the sources and formation processes of organic aerosol, a comprehensive source apportionment analysis is still needed. The combination of different datasets from several measurements to refine the apportionment of OA sources, and notably secondary ones, is probably one of the best way to achieve this goal. To the best of our knowledge, this has never been performed extensively (Crippa et al. 2013; Huang et al. 2014; McGuire et al. 2014; Petit et al. 2014; Sun et al. 2012). In the present study, we propose a novel approach of combining online and offline measurements in statistical source-receptor model such as Positive matrix factorization (PMF). An intensive campaign was performed at the SIRTA atmospheric research observatory, representing the suburban background air quality conditions of the Paris area (about 25 km SW from Paris city center). PM10 samples were collected every 4 hours over a period of intensive PM pollution events (PM > 50 μg m-3 over several days) on March 6- 24 2015, concomitantly with online measurements, carried out using ACSM, 7Aethalometer, TEOMFDMS, NOx and O3 analyzers. Regular PMF was first performed on organic matrix obtained from offline measurements. Figure 1 shows the eight different factors obtained using the specific primary (i.e. levoglucosan (biomass burning), methane sulphonic acid (MSA) (marine), 1-nitropyrene (traffic)) and secondary organic molecular markers (i.e. hydroxyglutaric acid (α-pinene), 3-methyl,5- nitrocatechol (biomass burning), α-methyl glyceric acid (isoprene)). PMF was also performed on ACSM OA matrix and has been deconvolved into four factors including HOA, BBOA1, BBOA2 and OOA (Figure 1). These results show that PMF performed on individual dataset is not truly viable to procure complete information about the different atmospheric processes. Lack of high-resolution time to understand rapid atmospheric processes in case of filter measurements, and lack of specific markers to validate oxygenated factors while using online measurements, have emerged out as a critical limitation of regular PMF. Here, the synergic approach proposes to combine traditional off-line PMF factors, such as primary biomass burning, primary biogenic, secondary biogenic, traffic, with OA matrix from ACSM measurements. The unified matrix was again deconvolved with PMF in order to retrieve factors such as HOA, BBOA, OOA, and to explore additional information about OA sources. Discussion will further focus on the factors obtained by combining online and offline measurements in PMF, and their benefits over the conventional approach.
Published: 2017

49. Limited formation of isoprene epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol under NOx-rich environments in Eastern China

Author: Olivier Favez, Yunjiang Zhang, Zhuang Wang, Yele Sun, Douglas R. Worsnop, André S. H. Prévôt, Lili Tang, Philip Croteau, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Hong Cang Zhou, Dantong Liu, John T. Jayne, Florian Couvidat, Alexandre Albinet, and Francesco Canonaco
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Biogenic emissions, Eastern china, Methacrolein, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Methyl vinyl ketone, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Air quality index, Isoprene, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) has potential impacts on regional air quality and climate yet is poorly characterized under NOx-rich ambient environments. We report the first real-time characterization of IEPOX-derived SOA (IEPOX-SOA) in Eastern China in summer 2013 using comprehensive ambient measurements, along with model analysis. The ratio of IEPOX-SOA to isoprene high-NOx SOA precursors, e.g., methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, and the reactive uptake potential of IEPOX was lower than those generally observed in regions with prevailing biogenic emissions, low NOx levels, and high particle acidity, elucidating the suppression of IEPOX-SOA formation under NOx-rich environments. IEPOX-SOA showed high potential source regions to the south with large biogenic emissions, illustrating that the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions might have played an important role in affecting the formation of IEPOX-SOA in polluted environments in Eastern China.
Published: 2017
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50. Source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) using a constrained US-EPA-PMF5.0 model at different urban environments in France

Author: Dalia Salameh, Olivier Favez, Benjamin Golly, Jean-Luc Besombes, Laurent Alleman, Alexandre Albinet, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Civs, Gestionnaire, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most studied atmospheric pollutant in urban areas due to their adverse effects on human health (Pope et al., 2009). Intrinsic properties of PM (e.g. chemical composition and morphology) are directly linked to their origins. Therefore, a harmonized and comprehensive apportionment study of PM sources in urban environments is extremely required to connect source contributions with PM concentration levels and then develop effective PM abatement strategies. Multivariate receptor models such as Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) are very useful and have been used worldwide for PM source apportionment (Viana et al., 2008). PMF uses a weighted least-squares fit and quantitatively determines source fingerprints (factors) and their contributions to the total PM mass. However, in many cases, it could be tricky to separate two factors that co-vary due to similar seasonal variations, making unclear the physical sense of the extracted factors. To address such issues of source collinearities, additional specific constraints are incorporated into the model (i.e. constrained PMF) based on user’s external knowledge allowing better apportionment results. In this work and within the framework of the SOURCES project, a harmonized source apportionment approach has been implemented and applied for the determination of PM sources on a large number of sites (up to 20) of different typologies (e.g. urban background, industrial, traffic, rural and/or alpine sites) distributed all over France and previously investigated with annual or multiannual studies (2012-2016). A constrained PMF approach (using US-EPA PMF5.0 software) was applied to the comprehensive PM-offline chemical datasets (i.e. carbonaceous fraction, major ions, metals/trace elements, specific organic markers) in a harmonized way for all the investigated sites. Different types of specific chemical constraints from well-characterized sources were defined based on external knowledge and were imposed to some species in the PMF factor profiles. As an example, the contributions of the levoglucosan, a specific tracer of the biomass burning emissions, were pulled up maximally in the biomass burning factor profiles and were set to zero in all other resolved factors (e.g. vehicular emissions, biogenic emissions, etc,. . . ). The different source categories contributing to ambient PM concentration levels were chemically characterized and quantified. Chemical profiles of the resolved common sources have been exploited and compared allowing us to get extra knowledge on the spatial variabilities of the source compositions. The presentation will address the main points achieved with this program.
Published: 2017

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