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Based on the selected key indicators in the innovation sphere, an integral rating assessment of the level of innovative development (IRR) of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation for the period 2015–2019 was carried out and their innovative profiles were constructed, allowing to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the innovative potential of the subjects. On the basis of comparative ratings, the sufficiency of using the number of indicators for calculations and analysis of the obtained research results is justified. The rating assessment showed the leading position of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the outsiders of the ranking include the Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The authors propose a method for determining the level of sustainability of the IRR, which is calculated according to the consolidated integral index of innovative development of the region. The proposed methodological approach is based on the use of the coefficient of variation, well-known in the field of probability theory and statistics, and can be used to assess the innovation sustainability not only of regions, but also for other sectors of the economy and social sphere with corresponding changes in the system of indicators reflecting their production and economic activities. On the basis of input and output parameters, a rating of the effectiveness of innovative activity of the regions is compiled and the possibility of predictive assessments of its level for the future is shown. It is noted that in addition to the regional authorities, the results of the study can be used by various economic and social actors to monitor and forecast innovative development, as well as to adjust the existing regulatory documents in the field of innovation policy.

Improving the energy density of Li-ion batteries is critical to meet the requirements of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. In this work, LiFePO4 active material was combined with single-walled carbon nanotubes as the conductive additive to develop high-energy-density cathodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. The effect of the morphology of the active material particles on the cathodes’ electrochemical characteristics was investigated. Although providing higher packing density of electrodes, spherical LiFePO4 microparticles had poorer contact with an aluminum current collector and showed lower rate capability than plate-shaped LiFePO4 nanoparticles. A carbon-coated current collector helped enhance the interfacial contact with spherical LiFePO4 particles and was instrumental in combining high electrode packing density (1.8 g cm−3) with excellent rate capability (100 mAh g−1 at 10C). The weight percentages of carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride binder in the electrodes were optimized for electrical conductivity, rate capability, adhesion strength, and cyclic stability. The electrodes that were formulated with 0.25 wt.% of carbon nanotubes and 1.75 wt.% of the binder demonstrated the best overall performance. The optimized electrode composition was used to formulate thick free-standing electrodes with high energy and power densities, achieving the areal capacity of 5.9 mAh cm−2 at 1C rate.

“Green” thermally stable hardener was synthesized from a PET waste. The rigid molecular linear structure of the new hardener suggests that it will provide the polymer matrix with the necessary physical and mechanical characteristics. It also allows the expectation that cured matrix based on this hardener can provide increased toughness. New hardener was used as a curing agent for three epoxy resins—tetraglycidyl methylenedianiline (TGDMA, 111–117 EEW), diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, 170-192 EEW) and solid epoxy resin (SER)—with a medium molecular weight (860–930 EEW) based on DGEBA. The mixtures were found to have the highest Tg for the DGEBA resin, and high of that for TGDMA and SER. According to the DMA analysis for two cured matrices, the hardener proved to be no worse than the standard ones, and made it possible to obtain cured matrices with excellent mechanical properties, which allows us to hope for further application of new hardener cured epoxy matrices in appropriate composite materials at high temperatures.

A novel polyaniline-modified CNT and graphene-based nanocomposite (2.32–7.34 nm) was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The specific surface area was 176 m2/g with 0.232 cm3/g as the specific pore volume. The nanocomposite was used to remove zinc and lead metal ions from water; showing a high removal capacity of 346 and 581 mg/g at pH 6.5. The data followed pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. Besides this, the experimental values obeyed Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The results confirmed that the removal of lead and zinc ions occurred in a mixed mode, that is, diffusion absorption and ion exchange between the heterogeneous surface of the sorbent containing active adsorption centers and the solution containing metal ions. The enthalpy values were 149.9 and 158.6 J.mol−1K−1 for zinc and lead metal ions. The negative values of free energies were in the range of −4.97 to −26.3 kJ/mol. These values indicated an endothermic spontaneous removal of metal ions from water. The reported method is useful to remove the zinc and lead metal ions in any water body due to the high removal capacity of nanocomposite at natural pH of 6.5. Moreover, a low dose of 0.005 g per 30 mL made this method economical. Furthermore, a low contact time of 15 min made this method applicable to the removal of the reported metal ions from water in a short time. Briefly, the reported method is highly economical, nature-friendly and fast and can be used to remove the reported metal ions from any water resource.

Two types of poly(5-phenyl-2-norbornene) were synthesized via ring opening metathesis and addition polymerization. The polymers sulfonation reaction under homogeneous conditions resulted in ionomer with high sulfonation degree up to 79% (IEC 3.36 meq/g). The prepared ionomer was characterized by DSC, GPC, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Polymers for electromechanical applications soluble in common polar organic solvents were obtained by replacing proton of sulfonic group with imidazolium and 1-methylimidazlium. Membranes were prepared using the above-mentioned polymers and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4), as well as mixtures with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Mechanical, morphological, and conductive properties of the membranes were examined by tensile testing, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Dry and air-stable actuators with electrodes based on SWCNT were fabricated via hot-pressing. Actuators with membranes based on methylimidazolium containing ionomers outperformed classical bucky gel actuator and demonstrated high strain (up to 1.14%) and generated stress (up to 1.21 MPa) under low voltage of 2 V.

Purpose: carrying out the analysis of the regulation of the crypto-currency, its legal provisions and risks, which will allow us to study this phenomenon more deeply for the purpose of Russia's financial security in the modern world financial system, taking into account the essence of the nature of the crypto-currency. Methods: when studying the role of state regulation of electronic money (crypto-currency), a dialectical method of scientific cognition was applied. Calculating and analytical methods of observing, measuring, analyzing and comparing indicators characterizing the state regulation of crypto-currencies in the Russian Federation, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to use and regulate crypto currency. Results: the authors conducted the analysis of the crypto-currency market, studied the experience and peculiarities of the state regulation of the crypto-currencies, examined and proposed strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to use and regulate crypto-currencies. Conclusions and Relevance: in the process of studying the experience of regulating crypto currency in foreign countries, we found some similar features. First, each country seeks to create a favorable climate for the development of new technologies (detached) and sees a high potential for using technology not only in the private sector, but also in the public sector. Secondly, the crypto-currency market is growing at a high pace, and the state, without adapting the tax code to the modern challenges of the digital economy, receives less revenue in the budget, since the crypto-currencies are out of legal jurisdiction. Thirdly, today there are more than 1 thousand different crypto-currencies, therefore, it is necessary to develop common standards for the regulation of crypto-currencies.

We studied the static and dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked polymer matrices using multiscale simulations and experiments. We continued to develop the multiscale methodology for generating atomistic polymer networks, and applied it to the case of phthalonitrile resin. The mechanical properties of the resulting networks were analyzed using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The Young’s and storage moduli increased with conversion, due both to the appearance of a network of covalent bonds, and to freezing of degrees of freedom and lowering of the glass transition temperature during crosslinking. The simulations’ data showed good quantitative agreement with experimental dynamic mechanical analysis measurements at temperatures below the glass transition. The data obtained in MD and DPD simulations at elevated temperatures were conformable. This makes it possible to use the suggested approach for the prediction of mechanical properties of a broad range of polymer matrices, including ones with high structural heterogeneity.