Author: "Alexander V. Akimov" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

70 results on '"Alexander V. Akimov"'

1. Quintet Dinitrenes with Negative Zero-Field Splitting: Effect of Spin–Orbit Coupling on the Sign of Magnetic Anisotropy

Author: Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, Anton Savitsky, Sergei V. Chapyshev, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: We report on W-band EPR and quantum chemical investigation of novel organic tetraradicals with negative axial zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter
Published: 2022

2. A Sealed-Off Pseudospark Switch With Nanosecond Stability of Triggering

Author: P. A. Bak, Oleg B. Frants, Yury D. Korolev, N. V. Landl, Vladimir G. Geyman, Grigoriy A. Argunov, Alexander V. Akimov, and P. V. Logachev
Subjects: Glow discharge, Materials science, Pulse (signal processing), business.industry, Nanosecond, Cathode, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Anode, law, Electrode, Pseudospark switch, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Jitter
Abstract: This article describes the modified version of the commercially produced pseudospark switch TPI1-10k/50 (pulsed current—10 kA and anode voltage—up to 50 kV) and the results of testing. The main idea of the modification was to use the high-voltage electrode system of this switch but to incorporate the novel trigger unit in the main cathode cavity. This unit uses the auxiliary glow discharge with hollow cathode and hollow anode. The modified switch is intentionally developed for parallel operation of a large number of the switches to a common load. In such conditions, the nanosecond triggering stability of the switches is required. The results of tests demonstrate that the minimum delay time of triggering (the time interval between the instant of arrival of the trigger pulse and the instant of starting the main discharge current) amounts to 80 ns with a jitter of 3 ns. At a decreased hydrogen pressure, the delay time is not increased essentially and amounts to 105 ns with a jitter of 6 ns.
Published: 2021

3. Field supported slow magnetic relaxation in a quasi-one-dimensional copper(<scp>ii</scp>) complex with a pentaheterocyclic triphenodioxazine

Author: Eugeny P. Ivakhnenko, Denis V. Korchagin, Vladimir I. Minkin, Alexander V. Akimov, R. B. Morgunov, Oleg P. Demidov, Andrey G. Starikov, Andrei V. Palii, and Sergey M. Aldoshin
Subjects: Intermolecular force, chemistry.chemical_element, Bridging ligand, General Chemistry, Copper, Catalysis, Ion, law.invention, Magnetic field, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Crystallography, chemistry, law, Materials Chemistry, symbols, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Raman spectroscopy, Phenoxazine
Abstract: A new copper(II) complex (I) was obtained by the reaction of a sterically crowded 2,4-di-(tert-butyl)-9-chloro-benzo[5,6][1,4]oxazine[2,3-b]phenoxazine bridging ligand with Cu(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate. Compound I is a quasi-one-dimensional complex in which the Cu(hfac)2 moieties are co-crystallized with the triphenodioxazine molecules through only weak Cu⋯N short intermolecular interactions (the Cu⋯N distances are 2.732 and 2.752 A). The magnetic AC susceptibility data show that in spite of the absence of zero-field splitting in the Cu(II) ion with S = 1/2, the compound demonstrates a slow magnetic relaxation behaviour at a weak applied magnetic field (HDC = 500 Oe). The EPR spectra and DC magnetic measurements show the strong axial anisotropy of the g-tensor. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time is well described by the combination of one-phonon direct and two-phonon Raman processes.
Published: 2021

4. NEW PRODUCTIVE FORCES: TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIETY

Author: Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Productive forces, Business, Economic system
Abstract: Introduction. The article deals with innovations in technology in recent years, which significantly affect the prospects of socio-economic development. Methods. The article uses the historical method, description of technologies and forecast scenarios. Results. The productive forces of any society consist of three components. These are natural resources, human labour and capital, or tools and technologies. During the first three technological revolutions, the role of human labor in the reproduction processes in the economy changed, but was consistently high. In the course of the fourth industrial revolution, technologies are being created to replace human labor in production. Together with the labour-saving technologies accumulated during the previous industrial revolutions, they dramatically increase the role of capital and technology and displace man and women from material production and a large part of the service sector. Discussion and Conclusion. Society’s adaptation to new technologies can be realized in different scenarios. The variety of options for socio-economic and political development can be reduced to four main options with the following conditional names: “New Rome”, “Communism according to K. Marx”, “Dystopia”, “Cheap labour in the service sector”. The first is an analogue of the ancient Roman social structure with robots working instead of slaves. The second is the Communist distribution model with material abundance. The third is the crude power of elite with varying degrees of genocide against their own people. The fourth is the maintenance of market relations in the sphere of services for employment of the population, while goods will be produced by robotic systems and artificial intelligence.
Published: 2020

5. Generation and direct EPR spectroscopic observation of triplet arylphosphinidenes: stabilisation versus internal rearrangements

Author: Vasili Miluykov, Egor A. Melnikov, Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, Yulia S. Ganushevich, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Quantum chemical, 010405 organic chemistry, Photodissociation, General Physics and Astronomy, 010402 general chemistry, Cleavage (embryo), Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Phosphinidene, law, Singlet state, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Methylcyclohexane, Electron paramagnetic resonance, No formation
Abstract: Triplet phosphinidenes, which have been postulated as important intermediates in numerous organophosphorus reactions, have been previously directly observed only in isolated cases. Recently we have published the first recorded EPR spectrum of triplet phosphinidene–mesitylphosphinidene (A. V. Akimov et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 7944). In the present study we considered a series of triplet arylphosphinidenes which have been stabilised and detected for the first time using EPR spectroscopy by photolysis of 1-arylphosphiranes ArPC2H4 (Ar = C6H5, 9-anthracenyl, and 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) in solid methylcyclohexane. We paid special attention to their magnetic parameters and the conditions of their stabilization during the photolytic cleavage of arylphosphiranes. An unusual influence of o-substituents on the spin–orbit component of the ZFS parameters D is observed. Surprisingly, photolysis of bulky arylphosphirane Mes*PC2H4 (Mes* = 2,4,6-ButC6H2) results in no formation of the stabilized triplet phosphinidene under similar experimental conditions. The performed quantum chemical calculations showed that the highly unstable singlet phosphinidene Mes*P undergoes an almost barrier-free rearrangement affording a stable insertion product, thereby hindering the conversion of the singlet intermediate to a more stable triplet phosphinidene.
Published: 2020

6. Generation and direct EPR spectroscopic observation of triplet arylphosphinidenes: stabilisation

Author: Eugenii Ya, Misochko, Alexander V, Akimov, Denis V, Korchagin, Yulia S, Ganushevich, Egor A, Melnikov, and Vasili A, Miluykov
Abstract: Triplet phosphinidenes, which have been postulated as important intermediates in numerous organophosphorus reactions, have been previously directly observed only in isolated cases. Recently we have published the first recorded EPR spectrum of triplet phosphinidene-mesitylphosphinidene (A. V. Akimov et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 7944). In the present study we considered a series of triplet arylphosphinidenes which have been stabilised and detected for the first time using EPR spectroscopy by photolysis of 1-arylphosphiranes ArPC2H4 (Ar = C6H5, 9-anthracenyl, and 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) in solid methylcyclohexane. We paid special attention to their magnetic parameters and the conditions of their stabilization during the photolytic cleavage of arylphosphiranes. An unusual influence of o-substituents on the spin-orbit component of the ZFS parameters D is observed. Surprisingly, photolysis of bulky arylphosphirane Mes*PC2H4 (Mes* = 2,4,6-ButC6H2) results in no formation of the stabilized triplet phosphinidene under similar experimental conditions. The performed quantum chemical calculations showed that the highly unstable singlet phosphinidene Mes*P undergoes an almost barrier-free rearrangement affording a stable insertion product, thereby hindering the conversion of the singlet intermediate to a more stable triplet phosphinidene.
Published: 2020

7. Purely Spectroscopic Determination of the Spin Hamiltonian Parameters in High-Spin Six-Coordinated Cobalt(II) Complexes with Large Zero-Field Splitting

Author: Joscha Nehrkorn, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Denis V. Korchagin, Juan M. Clemente-Juan, Mykhaylo Ozerov, Andrew Palii, Sergey M. Aldoshin, and Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Chemistry, Magnetometer, Zero field splitting, Molecular physics, Spectral line, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, SQUID, Transition metal, law, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spectroscopy, Spin-½
Abstract: Accurate determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters in transition-metal complexes with large zero-field splitting (ZFS) is an actual challenge in studying magnetic and spectroscopic properties of high-spin transition metal complexes. Recent critical papers have convincingly shown that previous determinations of these parameters, based only on the magnetic data, have low accuracy and reliability. A combination of X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry seems to be a more convincing and accurate approach. However, even in this case, the accuracy of the determination of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is strongly limited. In this work, we propose a purely spectroscopic approach, in which three complementary EPR spectroscopic techniques are used to unambiguously with high accuracy determine the spin Hamiltonian parameters for transition-metal complexes with S = 3/2. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing the new quasi-octahedral high-spin Co(II) complex [Co(hfac)2(bpy)] (I). Along with the conventional X-band EPR spectroscopy, we also use such advanced techniques as multi-high-frequency EPR spectroscopy (MHF-EPR) and frequency-domain Fourier-transform THz-EPR (FD-FT THz-EPR). We demonstrate that the experimental data derived from the X-band and MHF-EPR EPR spectra allow determination of the g tensor (gx = 2.388, gy = 2.417, gz = 2.221) and the ZFS rhombicity parameter E/D = 0.158. The axial ZFS parameter D = 37.1 cm-1 is measured for I with the aid of FD-FT THZ-EPR spectroscopy, which is able to detect the high-energy EPR transition between the two Kramers doublets. CASSCF/NEVPT2 quantum-chemical calculations of magnetic parameters and magnetic direct current (dc) measurements are performed as well as testing options, and the results obtained in these ways are in good agreement with those derived using the proposed spectroscopic approach.
Published: 2019

8. Evidence of field induced slow magnetic relaxation in cis-[Co(hfac)2(H2O)2] exhibiting tri-axial anisotropy with a negative axial component

Author: A. D. Talantsev, Boris Tsukerblat, Sergey M. Aldoshin, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Denis V. Korchagin, Gennady V. Shilov, R. B. Morgunov, Alexander A. Shakin, Alexander V. Akimov, Andrew Palii, and E. A. Yur’eva
Subjects: Condensed matter physics, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Paramagnetism, Magnetic anisotropy, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Superexchange, law, symbols, Anisotropy, Raman spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: We report a combined experimental characterization and theoretical modeling of the hexa-coordinated high-spin Co(ii) complex cis-[Co(hfac)2(H2O)2] (I). The magnetic static field (DC) data and EPR spectra (measurements were carried out on the powder samples of diluted samples cis-[Co0.02Zn0.98 (hfac)2(H2O)2]) were analyzed with the aid of the parametric Griffith Hamiltonian for the high-spin Co(ii) supported by the ab initio calculations of the crystal field (CF) parameters, g-factors and superexchange parameters between H-bonded Co(ii) ions in the neighboring molecules in a 1D network. This analysis suggests the presence of the easy axis of magnetic anisotropy and also shows the existence of a significant rhombic component. The detected frequency dependent (AC) susceptibility signal shows that complex I exhibits slow paramagnetic relaxation in the applied DC field belonging thus to the class of non-uniaxial field induced single ion magnets with a negative axial component of anisotropy. It is demonstrated that the main contributions to the relaxation come from the direct one-phonon process dominating at low temperatures, while the contribution of the two-phonon Raman process becomes important with increasing temperature.
Published: 2017

9. Study of the rare decays of B0 and B-0 mesons into muon pairs using data collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector

Author: Julius Hrivnac, Petter Nilsson, Rachel Maria Avramidou, Andrew D. Hamilton, Denys Denysiuk, Michael A. Strauss, Arthur James Horton, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, R. S. Orr, Alexander David Sherman, Tigran Mkrtchyan, J. C-L. Tseng, Isabelle Wingerter-Seez, Alessandro Tricoli, Antoine Marzin, Gen Kawamura, Gorm Aske Gram Krohn Galster, Diego Casadei, Karola Dette, Wen Yi Song, Chiao-ying Lin, Michal Svatos, Gabija Zemaityte, Pawel Klimek, Igor Gavrilenko, Matteo Bauce, Adam Jinaru, H. S. Chen, Maximiliano Sioli, Marco Delmastro, Fridolin Dittus, Fabian Thiele, Miao Liu, Stefan Guindon, Simone Michele Mazza, Christopher Lester, Remi Zaidan, Andrew White, Giulio Cornelio Grossi, Matthew John Baca, Enrico Pasqualucci, Roberto Ferrari, Anna Sfyrla, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, Samuel Joseph Crawley, Yuya Kano, Paola Giannetti, K. De Vasconcelos Corga, Ayda Beddall, Andrea Gaudiello, C. Schmitt, Erez Etzion, D. J. A. Antrim, Francois Corriveau, Olympia Dartsi, Elias Coniavitis, Z. Liang, Bin Gui, Edoardo Maria Farina, Fernando Barreiro, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, Y. S. Ng, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, Pavol Strizenec, J. Salt, Siegfried Wenig, Antonio Limosani, Raymond Brock, G. Mikenberg, Giovanni Crosetti, Stefania Antonia Stucci, Giovanna Bruni, Klaus Mönig, G. H. A. Viehhauser, Tomas Davidek, Sandrine Laplace, Z. Wang, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, Robert Reed, Michael Düren, Tobias Golling, Adam Bailey, Callum Robert Kilby, Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou, Peter Sherwood, Tetiana Hryn'ova, Ariella Cattai, Abigail Alexandra O'Rourke, Nikolina Ilic, J. Fuster, Heiko Lacker, James Black, Alberto Annovi, Florencia Luciana Castillo, Andrej Gorišek, Yoshihiro Shimogama, Francesco Rubbo, Y. M. Ma, Craig Blocker, Gregor Herten, Fabian Sohns, V. I. Martinez Outschoorn, David Robinson, Kunlin Han, Kenta Uno, Stefan Kluth, A. L. Lionti, Shlomit Tarem, Nishu Nishu, Gavin Grant Hesketh, Tiesheng Dai, Debarati Roy, Christian Luedtke, Louie Corpe, C. Young, Tomas Kosek, Adam Trzupek, Andrew Washbrook, Emilio Higón-Rodriguez, Kevin Black, Y. Delabat Diaz, Anne Marie Sickles, William Keaton Balunas, Tae Hyoun Park, C-Q. Li, Michel Lefebvre, Elliot Reynolds, Edson Carquin, Gabriele Chiodini, Pavel Murin, S. Willocq, Matthew Glenn Kurth, Miroslav Myska, P. Morettini, W. Y. Chan, Kyungeon Choi, Laurent Vacavant, R. K. Keeler, Steffen Schaepe, Takahiko Kondo, Nicolas Scharmberg, Jun Gao, Laura Jean Bergsten, Filomena Sopkova, Lewis Joseph Wilkins, Ph. Schune, W-M. Yao, P. A. Delsart, Nicoletta Garelli, Michael R. Wessels, Pavel Starovoitov, Bernhard Meirose, Cristiano David Sebastiani, M. A. B. do Vale, A. A. Affolder, Lukas Adamek, Hannah Arnold, Christian Heinz, M. Wu, Frank Filthaut, Paolo Mastrandrea, Dylan Cooper Frizzell, Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, Pavel Reznicek, Chiara Meroni, Z. Marshall, M. P. J. Landon, Bruce Yabsley, Kazuki Yajima, Beojan Stanislaus, Satoshi Higashino, Patrick Puzo, Alessandra Camplani, D. De Pedis, Alberto Stabile, Iwona Grabowska-Bold, Michael James Fenton, Kerstin Jon-And, Yanjun Tu, Martin Nagel, J. Silva, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, I. van Vulpen, Rui Zou, Giulio Aielli, Nooshin Dehghanian, Virginia Ruth Bailey, Kilian Rosbach, Gabriela Navarro, Veronica Fabiani, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, E. P. Le Quilleuc, Robert Arthur Mina, Alexey Zhemchugov, Dms Sultan, Huan Ren, J. Chudoba, Katja Hannele Mankinen, Thibault Guillemin, Caterina Marcon, Umar Gul, Ian Brock, A. Di Girolamo, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Michal Suk, Pavel Podberezko, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Stanislav Tokár, J. Ocariz, Michaela Mlynarikova, Giancarlo Spigo, Kathleen Whalen, Athina Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, R. Caminal Armadans, R. Di Sipio, T. Lari, Johannes Frederic Damp, C. Zeitnitz, Paolo Sabatini, Arnulf Quadt, Jiangyong Jia, Daniel Guest, Yulia Rodina, Martin Hoeferkamp, Tairan Xu, Giuseppe Lerner, Balthasar Maria Schachtner, Tulin Varol, Stephen Gibson, Phillip Urquijo, E. Valdes Santurio, Mariya Shiyakova, Feng Lyu, Danilo Giugni, Otmar Biebel, Kristin Lohwasser, Sergey Senkin, Bo Liu, Veysi Erkcan Ozcan, Karel Smolek, Werner Wiedenmann, M. J. Alconada Verzini, J. Llorente Merino, Tingting Cao, Ilija Vukotic, James Beacham, Adrian Buzatu, G. Lehmann Miotto, C. M. Vergel Infante, Igor Mandić, Thomas Daniel Weston, Yongke Zhao, Ning Zhou, Donatas Ramilas Zaripovas, C. H. Chen, Emmanuel Sauvan, Nedaa Asbah, Elzbieta Banas, Theodota Lagouri, Alexandra Schulte, Ligang Xia, Ryunosuke Iguchi, Andre Marc Hupe, Peter Kluit, J. D. Bossio Sola, J. E. Pilcher, Matteo Cavalli-Sforza, Alevtina Shmeleva, Panagiotis Gkountoumis, Toyonobu Okuyama, Rachael Ann Creager, Paul Jackson, Ozan Arslan, S. R. Paredes Saenz, Alexey Maslennikov, F. Anulli, Anna Goussiou, Petr Gallus, Marco Sessa, Elisabetta Pianori, A. V. Kotwal, Serkant Ali Cetin, Oliver Ricken, Daniel Hayden, R. J. Teuscher, Gerhard Ferdinand Rzehorz, Laurence Anthony Spiller, Joaquin Poveda, Stefano Terzo, Kevin Kroeninger, Helen Hayward, Nathan Peter Readioff, Takashi Yamanaka, P. M. Watkins, Elemer Nagy, Michael Ughetto, Milos Lokajicek, Peilong Wang, Takuya Nobe, Dirk Sammel, M. U. F. Martensson, Roberto Spighi, Christopher Meyer, Sylvain Tisserant, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jennet Dickinson, S. Pagan Griso, Federico Sforza, Lukas Heinrich, Antonio Sidoti, Ian Hinchliffe, Carlo Alberto Gottardo, R. Kowalewski, Alexandre Vaniachine, S. Jones, Nikolai Zimine, Dominik Krauss, D. Amidei, Michael Adersberger, H. Ten Kate, Shikma Bressler, Joseph Haley, Jelena Jovicevic, Simona Serena Bocchetta, A. Ventura, Lukasz Zwalinski, Andreas Reiss, Masahiro Morinaga, Sheena Schier, D. Camarero Munoz, Peter Kodys, Andrey Sapronov, Nicolas Berger, Tobias Flick, Gabriele D'amen, S. De Castro, Thomas Meideck, Stephen Albert Weber, Magdalena Slawinska, Shaojun Sun, Petr Sicho, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, Val O'Shea, T. Vazquez Schroeder, Richard Mount, Kathryn Grimm, R. S. P. Mueller, Shunsuke Honda, Fernando Monticelli, Wenhao Xu, Elena Yatsenko, Mariusz Przybycien, Kerim Suruliz, Chris Sander, Francesco Guescini, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Michela Paganini, Michael Bender, Sergey Burdin, Michael Andrew Parker, Dmitry Emeliyanov, Yasuhiro Makida, Tyler James Burch, Y. Kulchitsky, Steve McMahon, Venugopal Ellajosyula, Monika Wielers, C. F. Feng, Adam Edward Barton, Grigori Rybkin, Eric Lancon, Mohamed Ouchrif, Luca Pizzimento, P. D. Thompson, Herjuno Rah Nindhito, Masao Saito, Jonathan Long, Liang Guan, V. Dao, Carlos Escobar, E. D. Mendes Gouveia, Geoffrey Mullier, Garabed Halladjian, Fabrice Balli, Douglas Davis, Toshi Sumida, Wing Sheung Chan, Jeffrey David Shahinian, Gerjan Bobbink, Efe Yigitbasi, S. A. Olivares Pino, Marisilvia Donadelli, Josh Mcfayden, Elias Michael Ruttinger, Robert Gardner, Joaquin Hoya, Martina Laura Ojeda, Peter Krieger, Lluisa-Maria Mir, Mika Huhtinen, Julien Maurer, R. P. Middleton, Rhys Thomas Roberts, Sally Seidel, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, Moritz Kiehn, Benjamin William Allen, Stefanie Todt, Kenneth Wraight, F. Wang, Y. Amaral Coutinho, Laurent Schoeffel, Y. W. Liu, Hideyuki Oide, Dugan O'Neil, Jianqiao Ye, Andrea Sansoni, Marco Lavorgna, Frederic Deliot, Jacob Henry Rawling, C. Di Donato, Francesco Spanò, Silvia Biondi, Alessia Murrone, Peter Buchholz, K. F. Di Petrillo, J. L. La Rosa Navarro, Zdenek Dolezal, Mark Sutton, O. M. Kind, Giuseppe Salamanna, Ines Ochoa, Christopher Willis, Silvia Franchino, Geert-Jan Besjes, Alexandros Marantis, R. R. M. Fletcher, David Olivier Jamin, Anna Kathryn Duncan, Abdeslam Hoummada, Laura Jeanty, Klaus Hamacher, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, Claudia Merlassino, R. de Asmundis, Marek Tasevsky, Matthias Danninger, K. J. Anderson, S. Yang, Andrew Pilkington, Vitaliano Chiarella, Bobby Samir Acharya, A. De Santo, H. A. Neal, Forrest Hays Phillips, Guillaume Unal, A. Artamonov, Daniela Bortoletto, Nello Bruscino, Wendy Taylor, Calin Alexa, Ralf Hertenberger, Irakli Minashvili, Miaoran Lu, Balazs Konya, Trygve Buanes, Oleg Zenin, Miha Muskinja, J. Rothberg, Zuzana Rurikova, V. Araujo Ferraz, Hadar Yosef Cohen, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, Emma Sian Kuwertz, Zachary Michael Schillaci, Martin Spousta, Bernardo Sotto-Maior Peralva, Danuta Kisielewska, H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen, Manuella Vincter, S. Stärz, Evelin Meoni, Lorenzo Rossini, Carlo Schiavi, Anna Macchiolo, Ivan Angelozzi, Stefan Stonjek, Stephen Hillier, M.A. Haleem, Noemi Calace, Mark Hodgkinson, Yu-Ting Shen, Kentaro Kawade, S. Yu. Smirnov, Sebastian Artz, Morad Aaboud, Christoph Falk Anders, Luis Hervas, D. Boscherini, J. Proudfoot, John Hobbs, Maike Christina Hansen, Goetz Gaycken, Steven Worm, James Andrew Kendrick, Johannes Donatus Mellenthin, Matej Melo, Lorenzo Feligioni, Stavros Maltezos, Carsten Daniel Burgard, Philipp Mogg, Julia Isabell Djuvsland, Matteo Bedognetti, Davide Caforio, Yona Oren, Graham Cree, Tomas Dado, Wei Wang, R. F. Y. Peters, Attilio Picazio, J. Tanaka, Y. Hernández Jiménez, Thorsten Wengler, P. H. Sales De Bruin, Takuto Kunigo, Fabrizio Napolitano, Y. Zhang, Robert Astalos, Emmanuel Monnier, Alexandru Hostiuc, Mark Owen, Stephanie Majewski, Nataliia Zakharchuk, Jose F Benitez, Jianming Qian, Robert Adam Vallance, Jemal Khubua, Martine Bosman, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Nuno Filipe Castro, Michael Pitt, Jovan Mitrevski, Stephen Watts, Simon Berlendis, Evgeniy Khramov, Haifeng Li, Bernd Stelzer, Maria Florencia Daneri, Uladzimir Kruchonak, Paul Mircea Gravila, Anna Lipniacka, Sebastien Prince, Marc Weber, J. M. Iturbe Ponce, M. Rescigno, Tasneem Rashid, Matthew Berg Epland, Giulia Gonella, Sascha Caron, Vladimir Sulin, Konstantinos Ntekas, Matthias Klein, A. Lopez Solis, Alexey Talyshev, Vladimir Cindro, Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin, Kingman Cheung, Janet Dietrich, E. K. U. Gross, Göran Jarlskog, Josu Cantero, N. B. Sinev, Djamel Eddine Boumediene, Apostolos Tsirigotis, D. Levin, Karsten Köneke, E. von Toerne, Julien Caudron, Valerie Susanne Lang, Nikola Lazar Whallon, Cristiano Alpigiani, Hans Krüger, K. P. Mistry, Nicolas Maximilian Köhler, Emily Marie Duffield, Valerio Ippolito, Luca Colasurdo, Hiroshi Sakamoto, T. S. Lau, Krzysztof Wozniak, William Brooks, Eitan Gozani, Thomas Philippe Calvet, Yicheng Guo, O. Le Dortz, Liang Li, Francois Vazeille, Tina Sfiligoj, D. M. Portillo Quintero, Hongfang Liu, Evgeny Starchenko, C. Padilla Aranda, Irinel Caprini, Polina Nechaeva, Bogdan Malaescu, Christopher John Mcnicol, J-Y. Hostachy, Marco Valente, I. P. J. Shipsey, Luigi Marchese, Saverio D'Auria, Oliver Stelzer-Chilton, Oliver James Winston, Yongsun Kim, Antonia Strubig, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Jonathan Bortfeldt, Hantao Ji, Yosuke Takubo, Olga Igonkina, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, J. E. Brau, Christopher Bee, Petr Vokac, Aaron James Armbruster, Hyungsuk Son, Shyam Balaji, Cristian Stanescu, Ovsat Abdinov, Lesya Anna Horyn, Tom McCarthy, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Theodoros Georgio Zorbas, Rachid Mazini, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, Michael Ryan Clark, Alan Peyaud, Magda Anna Chelstowska, D. Pohl, Thomas Koffas, Benjamin Trocmé, Elisabetta Vilucchi, Dario Barberis, Mykhailo Lisovyi, Arnaud Ferrari, Marcia Begalli, Ulrich Parzefall, M. Ziolkowski, D. M. Strom, Carlos Sandoval, Mathieu Benoit, Yuji Yamazaki, Lewis James Armitage, Veronika Magerl, Margherita Primavera, R. Di Nardo, Laura Rehnisch, Angela Maria Burger, Gonzalo Enrique Orellana, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, S. Ketabchi Haghighat, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, Rachel Hyneman, Katsuo Tokushuku, D. Shaked Renous, A. G. Clark, Scott Snyder, Noam Hod, Ismet Siral, Dimitrios Iliadis, Pavel Tsiareshka, C. Dallapiccola, S. V. Zeißner, Sabine Crépé-Renaudin, Antonio Giannini, Emily McDonald, Ph. Schwemling, Barbara Wosiek, Marc Geisen, Simone Sottocornola, Mahmoud Alstaty, Zihao Jiang, Alexander Undrus, Madalyn Ann McKay, Calum Michael Macdonald, Marc Escalier, Steven Patrick Alkire, M. C. N. Fiolhais, Georges Aad, Sarah Jones, David Hohn, M. Ghasemi Bostanabad, James Walder, Hulin Wang, Monique A. M. Gignac, Peng Zhang, Will Davey, Maria Giulia Ratti, J. Kroll, Roland Jansky, Michael Homann, Carlos Lacasta, Vincenzo Cavasinni, B. Pearson, Fabienne Ledroit-Guillon, Masaya Ishino, Giorgi Arabidze, Vadim Kantserov, Teng Jian Khoo, Hong Cheng, Enrico Junior Schioppa, Henso Abreu, R. E. Long, Rostislav Konoplich, Konstantin Belotskiy, Victor Solovyev, Alyssa Montalbano, Robert Leone, Petar Bokan, Silvia Resconi, Mazuza Ghneimat, Tim Adye, Stefania Spagnolo, Michael Begel, Minoru Hirose, Kehinde Gbenga Tomiwa, J. E. García Navarro, Zara Jane Grout, Verena Maria Walbrecht, R. D. Kass, Yoav Afik, Daniel Muenstermann, Zdenek Hubacek, Viktor Kramarenko, Zijun Xu, Giorgio Chiarelli, Baojia Tong, Yu. A. Tikhonov, Matthew Peter Heath, Simon Henry Connell, Chris Hays, Tord Ekelof, Monica Verducci, Tatsuya Masubuchi, Oliver Keith Baker, Jiri Kvita, Abhishek Sharma, Archil Durglishvili, Q. Ouyang, Antonio Sbrizzi, R. 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De la Torre, Simone Amoroso, Francesco Lanni, Nikolai Fomin, Baptiste Abeloos, John Morris, Nicolas Ellis, Vladimir Zhulanov, P. S. Wells, M. A. Pleier, A. Sanchez Pineda, G. Rahal, Giulio Tiziano Forcolin, Pamela Ferrari, Frederik Rühr, S. Shimizu, Angel Campoverde, M. Della Pietra, V. W. S. Wong, Qiang Li, P. Gadow, Sergey Karpov, Konrad Kleinknecht, S. Farrell, Sw. Banerjee, Gabriella Gaudio, Cecilia Tosciri, Suyog Shrestha, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Bijan Haney, Ilya Korolkov, Teresa Barillari, M. G. Alviggi, Y. Wu, Terry Richard Wyatt, B. Stugu, Nigel Hessey, Marija Marjanovic, Ricardo Gonçalo, Andreas Salzburger, J. Maneira, Philipp Jonathan Lösel, C. A. Lee, T. Kono, George Redlinger, Lorenzo Rinaldi, Christian Johann Riegel, Anatoly Borisov, Zhiqing Zhang, Eric Edward Corrigan, Philip Patrick Allport, R. Röhrig, Christoph Rembser, A. T. Watson, Nurcan Ozturk, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Ewa Stanecka, Enrico Tassi, Haiping Peng, Marine Kuna, Branislav Ristic, Claire David, H. T. Yang, Dustin Biedermann, Benjamin Freund, Clara Nellist, Jens Dopke, Gokhan Unel, Richard Brenner, Marisa Sandhoff, Fabrizio Fabbri, Giulia Ucchielli, Mingliang Zhou, Timo Dreyer, Victor Kukhtin, Petr Hamal, Stefan Richter, A. De Maria, J. Boudreau, G. Marchiori, Alexander Khanov, Etienne Dreyer, Jared David Little, Deepak Kar, Oleg Bulekov, Bartosz Sebastian Dziedzic, A. Polini, Lorenzo Massa, Christoph Amelung, F. G. Oakham, R. Araujo Pereira, Alexander Naip Tuna, Benjamin Bordy Tannenwald, Francesco Cirotto, Todd Seiss, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, S. Chen, Dj. Sijacki, Max Maerker, Alexey Anisenkov, Nikita Belyaev, Duc Ta, Ahmet Bingul, Elzbieta Richter-Was, Stefania Xella, Fr Pastore, Y. Huang, Jeanette Lorenz, David Milstead, Jia Jian Teoh, Ahmed Bassalat, Kevin Einsweiler, Ambrosius Thomas Vermeulen, Meghan Frate, Ryan White, Michal Marcisovsky, Adam James Bozson, Martin Aleksa, Felix Mueller, Francesco Costanza, Marta Lidia Rimoldi, A. J. Beddall, M. J. Kobel, P. Mättig, M. Franklin, Philippe Calfayan, P. van Gemmeren, Martin Sykora, I. Santoyo Castillo, Claudia Gemme, Gabriel John Facini, Regina Moles-Valls, Jan-Ulf Mjörnmark, Giuliano Gustavino, Ann Miao Wang, G. Duckeck, P. J. Clark, Edmund Dawe, Michel Janus, Francesco Giuseppe Gravili, Valerio Bortolotto, Ruchika Nayyar, Alexandra Tudorache, Eirik Gramstad, Nils Krumnack, Ulrike Blumenschein, Thu Pham, Kouta Onogi, Alexander Zaitsev, Takahiro Fusayasu, M. J. Costa, Ioannis Gkialas, Oleh Kivernyk, Paolo Iengo, Ludovic Michel Scyboz, Shoji Asai, Claire Malone, Thomas Lohse, E. L. Barberio, Katharina Bianca Jakobi, Jean-Francois Grivaz, Kotaro Wakamiya, Trine Poulsen, P. de Jong, Christopher Samuel Pollard, Claudio Luci, Patrawan Pasuwan, Driss Benchekroun, Kunihiro Nagano, Tadashi Maeno, T. Nguyen Manh, Stéphane Jézéquel, Saime Gurbuz, John Rutherfoord, Florian Urs Bernlochner, Z. Xi, Guido Gagliardi, Dwayne Patrick Spiteri, S. E. von Buddenbrock, Xiaohu Sun, Vaclav Vacek, Diane Cinca, V. Andrei, Federica Legger, Helmut Wolters, Y-H. Chen, Stanislav Pospisil, Alexey Dudarev, Philippe Grenier, Javier Sánchez, David William Thomas, Clara Troncon, Brad Abbott, Nikola Makovec, R. M. Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, Masaharu Nomachi, Robert Keyes, Andreas Redelbach, Korbinian Ralf Schmidt-Sommerfeld, Maarten Boonekamp, Max Fredrik Isacson, Naoki Kimura, Judita Mamuzic, Pierre Petroff, J. E. M. Robinson, Farid Ould-Saada, R. Iuppa, Elodie Deborah Resseguie, David Paul Yallup, David DeMarco, Massimiliano Bellomo, Sergey Denisov, Alex Martyniuk, Wolfgang Wagner, Shohei Shirabe, Marie-Hélène Genest, Ivan Pogrebnyak, Matteo Franchini, Ruth Magdalena Jacobs, Viviana Cavaliere, William James Fawcett, Alessandro Lapertosa, Luigi Longo, Benjamin John Rosser, Andrea Doria, Dirk Duschinger, T. P. A. Åkesson, Jared Gregory Vasquez, Nico Giangiacomi, Laurent Serin, Edgar Kellermann, Andrew Chisholm, Kaushik De, Damir Duvnjak, Anthony Keith Morley, Peter Wagner, Wasikul Islam, Jozsef Toth, Elena Korolkova, Carla Sbarra, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, James Lacey, D. Di Valentino, Xuanhong Lou, Nikolai Marcel Hartmann, M. Morii, V. Castillo Gimenez, Paris Moschovakos, Markus Wobisch, Masahiro Ikeno, Stefano Zambito, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Georgios Iakovidis, Jonathan Shlomi, W. Fedorko, Sergey Kuleshov, Daniela Boerner, Albert Olariu, Mikhail Demichev, Revital Kopeliansky, Harshna Jivan, Samuel Dysch, Oleg Kuprash, Marcelo Vogel, A. Ezhilov, Libor Nozka, Theodor Christian Herwig, Yang Gao, Elliott Cheu, F. Lasagni Manghi, Marzio Nessi, Jeremy Love, John Huth, Shuyang Hu, Tim Jones, Giuseppe Mornacchi, Joao Saraiva, Otilia Anamaria Ducu, Stefan Simion, A. Onofre, Jan Stark, Ingo Bloch, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, Henry Lubatti, Alexander Melzer, Alan James Taylor, Philip Phillips, Samuel Silverstein, Chav Chhiv Chau, Philipp Thomas Koenig, Hajime Nanjo, H. H. Williams, Giada Mancini, Kendall Reeves, Corentin Allaire, Michal Simon, Ludovico Pontecorvo, R. M. D. Carney, S. L. Lloyd, Elham E Khoda, O. Bessidskaia Bylund, Danijela Bogavac, Tadeusz Kowalski, Marta Maria Perego, E. Yu. Soldatov, Raquel Pezoa, Louis D'eramo, Niklaus Lehmann, K. O. H. Vadla, Harish Potti, Yee Chinn Yap, Josh Moss, Enrique Kajomovitz, M. V. Silva Oliveira, Evgenii Baldin, Louis Helary, Anna Mastroberardino, Bruno Lenzi, David Kirchmeier, Jens Janssen, Pavel Staroba, Minyu Feng, Wainer Vandelli, Maximilian Hils, Alexey Buzykaev, Bo Li, Miha Zgubic, Cherifa Sabrina Amrouche, Antonio Ereditato, Colleen Jennifer Treado, Harinder Singh Bawa, Nathan Allen Grieser, Oliver Kortner, Matthew James Sullivan, Mariel Nelson Pettee, Sarah Demers, Junya Usui, Till Eifert, Katharina Bierwagen, B. H. Hommels, Brigitte Vachon, Arthur Eugen Bolz, Abner Soffer, Gaetano Barone, Lily Asquith, F. S. Merritt, Marco Milesi, Emery Nibigira, Tony Kwan, Francesco Gonnella, Amy Selvi Tee, Jens Weingarten, Robert Wolff, Tony Liss, Mark Neubauer, Frued Erik Braren, P. U. E. Onyisi, Sarah Louise Barnes, Knut Zoch, Carl Gwilliam, John Stupak, Tomas Blazek, Paolo Calafiura, Salah-eddine Dahbi, G. Eigen, Mirta Dumancic, F. Safai Tehrani, Alexander Solodkov, A. E. Dumitriu, Yun-Ju Lu, Lauren Tompkins, Kevin Daniel Finelli, Irena Nikolic-Audit, G. Otero y Garzon, N. Lorenzo Martinez, A. S. White, Konstantin Vorobev, Manuel Patrice Geisler, A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, Jiri Hejbal, Vadim Bednyakov, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Ryuichi Takashima, Ettore Zaffaroni, Alexander Armstrong, Simon Schmitz, David South, Evangelos Kourlitis, Ioannis Maznas, B. L. Liu, K. A. Johns, Pingchuan Zhao, David Michael Handl, Marcello Bindi, Matteo Scornajenghi, Ryan Reece, Andreas Christian Dudder, Panagiotis Bellos, Petr Tas, S. H. Oh, Laura Gonella, Stefano Veneziano, Daniel Mauricio Rauch, M. P. Giordani, Yi Chen, Tae Min Hong, Teresa Lenz, A. R. Weidberg, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Chilufya Mwewa, Daniel Mori, F. M. Giorgi, S. P. Mc Kee, Lorenzo Paolozzi, S. Heim, Reisaburo Tanaka, Guido Volpi, Luc Goossens, Natalia Korotkova, Daniela Rebuzzi, Itsuo Nakano, Harald Fox, Lashkar Kashif, Khalil Bouaouda, J. R. Bensinger, Rose Elisabeth Ardell, Sophio Pataraia, Stylianos Angelidakis, R. Teixeira De Lima, Priscilla Pani, Stephen Maxfield, Gianluca Introzzi, Ladislav Chytka, Atanu Pathak, Efstathios Karentzos, Ivan Sykora, Abraham Seiden, Vassili Kazanin, Michael Holzbock, I. M. Gregor, Tetsuro Mashimo, Luka Kanjir, Peter Charles Mcnamara, Peter Johannes Falke, Anum Qureshi, Ivana Hristova, Edisher Tskhadadze, Yorihito Sugaya, B. Di Micco, Alexander Bogdanchikov, Mikhail Levchenko, J. Urban, Sami Kama, Ben William Whitmore, Martin Spangenberg, Giuseppe Avolio, Dengfeng Zhang, Giovanna Cottin, Masahiro Yamatani, Victor Sorin Martoiu, Bmm Allbrooke, Petr Balek, Timothy Brooks, Michael Hance, Robert Henderson, A. J. Barr, Halina Abramowicz, Ksenia Gasnikova, Federico Scutti, E. J. W. Moyse, Stewart Martin-Haugh, H. Bahrasemani, Daniel Whiteson, Bradley Cox, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Ryne Michael Carbone, Andrzej Olszewski, Elisabeth Schopf, Sarah Kate Boutle, T. Dias Do Vale, Xi Chen, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Steffen Schmitt, D. Zhang, Cole Michael Helling, James Pinfold, R. F. Naranjo Garcia, Shan Jin, M. zur Nedden, Sandra Leone, Marek Palka, Mohammed Ezzi, Andrea Messina, Aidan Robson, Joachim Heinrich, Grazia Cabras, Katherine Pachal, James Monk, Yao Ming, Allison McCarn, K. Kordas, James Ferrando, Stephan Hageböck, Alexander Fenyuk, Yuji Enari, T. Javůrek, Maria Roberta Devesa, Igor Potrap, Martin White, Eric Feng, Sahal Yacoob, Oleg Solovyanov, Ulrike Schnoor, Kristof Schmieden, Margherita Spalla, Marie Christine Lanfermann, Nils Flaschel, C. N. P. Gee, Artem Basalaev, Kamil Augsten, A. M. Henriques Correia, Joseph Stanford Ennis, Ivor Fleck, A. M. Rodríguez Vera, Florian Bauer, Patrick Czodrowski, Joleen Pater, N. Viaux Maira, Vladimir Tikhomirov, Ioulian Budagov, Makoto Tomoto, Yahya Tayalati, Takuya Tashiro, D. della Volpe, Juan Pedro Araque, Eduard Kladiva, L. Aperio Bella, A. Farilla, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, J.-H. Arling, Davide Gerbaudo, Andrzej Smykiewicz, Grigore Tarna, Konstantin Lehmann, K. K. Gan, Brian Petersen, Namig Javadov, Tamar Djobava, Sinan Kuday, R. Camacho Toro, Mariyan Petrov, L. F. Oleiro Seabra, Adrian Chitan, Benjamin Wynne, A. De Salvo, Radek Novotny, Koji Terashi, Craig Buttar, M-S. Barisits, Michele Livan, Q. J. Li, Annick Lleres, Gino Marceca, K. Potamianos, Timothy Barklow, Daria Zieminska, C. A. Chavez Barajas, Sebastian Liem, P. C. F. Glaysher, Andrei Snesarev, Elena Murielle Freundlich, Ahmimed Ouraou, Alessandro Ambler, Heberth Torres, David Richard Shope, Alan Litke, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, Friedrich Hoenig, J. S. Lange, Giancarlo Panizzo, Zhi Zheng, L. K. Gladilin, H. F-W. Sadrozinski, Yiming Abulaiti, M. Cano Bret, Thomas Trefzger, Daniel Scheirich, Runyu Bi, Carsten Dulsen, James Shank, Christian Weiser, Seyed Ruhollah Shojaii, Barbara Liberti, Andrew Stuart Bell, Patrick Bryant, Flera Rizatdinova, John Derek Chapman, Xanthe Hoad, W. Kozanecki, Andreas Sogaard, Marcella Capua, Katharina Becker, M. Silva, M. H. Klein, Stephen Burke, Stéphane Viel, Ana Cueto, Mason Proffitt, Ilya Tsukerman, L. Barranco Navarro, Zuzana Barnovska-Blenessy, Thomas Daubney, Evgeniya Cheremushkina, M. De Beurs, Huacheng Cai, Reiner Hauser, Bruce Gallop, Diallo Boye, Manuel Neumann, Aaron Angerami, Alejandro Alonso, Markus Elsing, Lee Sawyer, Adam Jackson Parker, Andreas Hoecker, Atsushi Mizukami, Benjamin Henry Hooberman, Jeffrey Rogers Dandoy, Harald Joerg Stelzer, Massimo Antonelli, G. Usai, Masaki Ishitsuka, N. Benekos, Farida Fassi, Denis Salihagic, M. Shimojima, Bartlomiej Zabinski, Krzysztof Korcyl, Jihyun Jeong, Emily Claire Orgill, Stan Bentvelsen, J. C. Vermeulen, Lydia Beresford, Andreas Warburton, G. Calderini, Carmen García, Kerry Ann Parker, M. Villaplana Perez, Iro Koletsou, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Andrej Filipcic, Lydia Roos, Yi-Tao Wang, Kazuya Mochizuki, Peter Love, Maximilian Georg Herrmann, David Dodsworth, V. Kartvelishvili, Santiago Juan Batista, Kayla Dawn McLean, M. A. L. Leite, Evangelos Gazis, Adomas Jelinskas, Kazuki Motohashi, N-A. Rosien, Alessandro Gabrielli, Y. Jiang, Claude Guyot, Sinead Farrington, Georg Zobernig, C. P. A. Roland, Yoji Hasegawa, Mark Slater, Declan Andrew Millar, Syed Haider Abidi, W. K. Di Clemente, Daniil Ponomarenko, U. Soldevila, Zoya Karpova, Ki Lie, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Ketevi Assamagan, Andrea Formica, Venetios Polychronakos, S. Marti-Garcia, Arthur Rene Chomont, Daniele Zanzi, Thomas James Stevenson, Alessandro Cerri, Philip Bechtle, A. Glazov, Saskia Falke, Loic Valery, Johannes Josef Junggeburth, Kenji Hamano, Fabio Cerutti, Naoki Ishijima, James Broughton, Sabrina Sacerdoti, Mihail Chizhov, Bruno Mansoulie, Paul Newman, D. Xu, Alexei Klimentov, Julien Donini, Sandra Kortner, M. I. Martínez, Jana Faltova, Alexey Kharlamov, Vadim Kostyukhin, M. Moreno Llácer, John Baines, Sergei Chekanov, Ourania Sidiropoulou, Simon Molander, Guennadi Borissov, Aliaksei Hrynevich, Francesco Lacava, Thomas Beermann, Athanasios Petridis, Piotr Andrzej Janus, Ivan Yeletskikh, J. T. P. Burr, J. H. N. Rosten, Vincent Kitali, Anton Wolf, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Per Werner, Blunier, D. Berge, Laura Franconi, Silvia Fracchia, Aziz Chafaq, Antinea Guerguichon, M. Tanaka, Y. Benhammou, Ryu Sawada, E. Torró Pastor, Juansher Jejelava, Iain Alexander Bertram, Elisa Fumagalli, Evgueni Ladygin, Keisuke Yoshihara, A. Lösle, L. Bellagamba, Mazin Khader, Tobias Klingl, Anna Ivina, Michael Rijssenbeek, Juan Terron, Fang-ying Tsai, Simone Monzani, Olaf Nackenhorst, Chiara Debenedetti, S. González de la Hoz, Yoshinobu Unno, Douglas Schaefer, M. Vicente Barreto Pinto, Daniele Madaffari, Ilias Panagoulias, Bernard Brickwedde, Francesco Conventi, Maximilian Goblirsch-Kolb, Gabriele Bertoli, M. Beretta, Christophe Raymond Goudet, Arthur Lesage, Nikolai Rusakovich, Thomas Naumann, Saminder Dhaliwal, Riccardo-Maria Bianchi, Joseph Izen, Ruslan Mashinistov, Quentin Buat, Alessandra Ciocio, K. Sliwa, Kevin Varvell, Kurt Keys Hill, Alexander Held, Thomas Maier, Andrew Geoffrey Foster, Serena Palazzo, Stephanie Zimmermann, Christos Vergis, G. Polesello, Rebecca Hayley Pickles, Dewen Zhong, Helio Takai, Romain Kukla, Nathaniel Woods, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, Kazuhiko Hara, Martin Florian Bessner, Irina Antonela Cioara, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Daniela Salvatore, Andrew Chegwidden, J-F. Arguin, Kyle Cranmer, Claudio Ferretti, J. Beringer, J. Griffiths, Kosuke Takeda, Darren Price, Fedor Prokoshin, Pierre Savard, Paul Fraser Harrison, Takuya Honda, D. Oliveira Damazio, Matthew Craig Mondragon, Frank Fiedler, Giovanni Maccarrone, Vaclav Vrba, Francois Touchard, David Cameron, Giulia Ripellino, Julian Constantin Schmoeckel, Tomasz Bold, R. M. Barnett, S. Y. Suzuki, Tim Herrmann, P. J. Bussey, William Axel Leight, T. Ženiš, S. J. Chen, Jyoti Prakash Biswal, Henrik Oppen, Jing Wang, Juraj Bracinik, Albert Francis Casha, Robert Stanek, Souad Batlamous, Vanja Morisbak, T. R. Van Daalen, Chrysostomos Valderanis, Emily Nurse, Elizabeth Gallas, Pietro Albicocco, Yohei Yamaguchi, Robert J. Bielski, Jun Su, Ren-You Zhang, Jelena Krstic, Nimrod Taiblum, Alexey Boldyrev, Yuji Minegishi, J. W. Smith, Matthew Edgar Leblanc, Florian Beisiegel, Elizabeth Brost, Boping Chen, David Freeborn, Johannes Elmsheuser, Klaudia Burka, Fabrizio Scuri, Sergey Peleganchuk, Filipp Dubinin, Ikuo Ueda, Alexander Khodinov, Dominik Duda, Bhaskar Dutta, Laurent Duflot, Nicolin Govender, Rustem Ospanov, Veronica Wallangen, Claire Bourdarios, Todd Brian Huffman, Yun Tian, Ruo-yu Shang, Shunichi Akatsuka, Attila Krasznahorkay, Fabio Cardillo, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie ATLAS Collaboration w liczbie 2936, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ATLAS, Universidade do Minho, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Sultansoy, Saleh F., Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fakülteler, Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Akilli, Ece, Amrouche, Cherifa Sabrina, Ancu, Lucian Stefan, Benoit, Mathieu, Clark, Allan Geoffrey, Della Volpe, Domenico, Di Bello, Francesco Armando, Dubreuil, Arnaud, Ferrere, Didier, Gadatsch, Stefan, Golling, Tobias, Gonzalez Sevilla, Sergio, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Iizawa, Tomoya, Jansky, Roland, Khoo, Teng Jian, Kiehn, Moritz, Lanfermann, Marie Christine, Lionti, Anthony Eric, March Ruiz, Luis, Mermod, Philippe, Nessi, Marzio, Nindhito, Herjuno Rah, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Poggi, Riccardo, Raine, Johnny, Salamani, Dalila, Schramm, Steven, Sfyrla, Anna, Sultan, D M S, Valente, Marco, Vicente Barreto Pinto, Mateus, Wu, Xin, Zaffaroni, Ettore, Aaboud, M., Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D. C., Abdinov, O., Abeloos, B., Abhayasinghe, D. K., Abidi, S. H., Abouzeid, O. S., Abraham, N. L., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B. S., Adachi, S., Adam, L., Adamczyk, L., Adamek, L., Adelman, J., Adersberger, M., Adiguzel, A., Adye, T., Affolder, A. A., Afik, Y., Agheorghiesei, C., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Ahmadov, F., Aielli, G., Akatsuka, S., Åkesson, T. P. A., Akilli, E., Akimov, A. V., Alberghi, G. L., Albert, J., Albicocco, P., Alconada Verzini, M. J., Alderweireldt, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alexa, C., Alexandre, D., Alexopoulos, T., Alhroob, M., Ali, B., Alimonti, G., Alison, J., Alkire, S. P., Allaire, C., Allbrooke, B. M. M., Allen, B. W., Allport, P. P., Aloisio, A., Alonso, A., Alonso, F., Alpigiani, C., Alshehri, A. A., Alstaty, M. I., Alvarez Gonzalez, B., Álvarez Piqueras, D., Alviggi, M. G., Amadio, B. T., Amaral Coutinho, Y., Ambler, A., Ambroz, L., Amelung, C., Amidei, D., Amor Dos Santos, S. P., Amoroso, S., Amrouche, C. S., An, F., Anastopoulos, C., Ancu, L. S., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Anders, C. F., Anders, J. K., Anderson, K. J., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Anelli, C. R., Angelidakis, S., Angelozzi, I., Angerami, A., Anisenkov, A. V., Annovi, A., Antel, C., Anthony, M. T., Antonelli, M., Antrim, D. J. A., Anulli, F., Aoki, M., Aparisi Pozo, J. A., Aperio Bella, L., Arabidze, G., Araque, J. P., Araujo Ferraz, V., Araujo Pereira, R., Arce, A. T. H., Ardell, R. E., Arduh, F. A., Arguin, J-F., Argyropoulos, S., Arling, J. -H., Armbruster, A. J., Armitage, L. J., Armstrong, A., Arnaez, O., Arnold, H., Arratia, M., Arslan, O., Artamonov, A., Artoni, G., Artz, S., Asai, S., Asbah, N., Asimakopoulou, E. M., Asquith, L., Assamagan, K., Astalos, R., Atkin, R. J., Atkinson, M., Atlay, N. B., Augsten, K., Avolio, G., Avramidou, R., Ayoub, M. K., Azoulay, A. M., Azuelos, G., Baas, A. E., Baca, M. J., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backes, M., Bagnaia, P., Bahmani, M., Bahrasemani, H., Bailey, A. J., Bailey, V. R., Baines, J. T., Bajic, M., Bakalis, C., Baker, O. K., Bakker, P. J., Bakshi Gupta, D., Balaji, S., Baldin, E. M., Balek, P., Balli, F., Balunas, W. K., Balz, J., Banas, E., Bandyopadhyay, A., Banerjee, S., Bannoura, A. A. E., Barak, L., Barbe, W. M., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Barillari, T., Barisits, M-S., Barkeloo, J., Barklow, T., Barnea, R., Barnes, S. L., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Barnovska-Blenessy, Z., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Barranco Navarro, L., Barreiro, F., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Bartoldus, R., Barton, A. E., Bartos, P., Basalaev, A., Bassalat, A., Bates, R. L., Batista, S. J., Batlamous, S., Batley, J. R., Battaglia, M., Bauce, M., Bauer, F., Bauer, K. T., Bawa, H. S., Beacham, J. B., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Bechtle, P., Beck, H. C., Beck, H. P., Becker, K., Becker, M., Becot, C., Beddall, A., Beddall, A. J., Bednyakov, V. A., Bedognetti, M., Bee, C. P., Beermann, T. A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Behera, A., Behr, J. K., Beisiegel, F., Bell, A. S., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellerive, A., Bellomo, M., Bellos, P., Belotskiy, K., Belyaev, N. L., Benary, O., Benchekroun, D., Bender, M., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Benhar Noccioli, E., Benitez, J., Benjamin, D. P., Benoit, M., Bensinger, J. R., Bentvelsen, S., Beresford, L., Beretta, M., Berge, D., Bergeaas Kuutmann, E., Berger, N., Bergmann, B., Bergsten, L. J., Beringer, J., Berlendis, S., Bernard, N. R., Bernardi, G., Bernius, C., Bernlochner, F. U., Berry, T., Berta, P., Bertella, C., Bertoli, G., Bertram, I. A., Besjes, G. J., Bessidskaia Bylund, O., Bessner, M., Besson, N., Bethani, A., Bethke, S., Betti, A., Bevan, A. J., Beyer, J., Bi, R., Bianchi, R. M., Biebel, O., Biedermann, D., Bielski, R., Bierwagen, K., Biesuz, N. V., Biglietti, M., Billoud, T. R. V., Bindi, M., Bingul, A., Bini, C., Biondi, S., Birman, M., Bisanz, T., Biswal, J. P., Bittrich, C., Bjergaard, D. M., Black, J. E., Black, K. M., Blazek, T., Bloch, I., Blocker, C., Blue, A., Blumenschein, U., Blunier, Dr., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Bocchetta, S. S., Bocci, A., Boerner, D., Bogavac, D., Bogdanchikov, A. G., Bohm, C., Boisvert, V., Bokan, P., Bold, T., Boldyrev, A. S., Bolz, A. E., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Bonilla, J. S., Boonekamp, M., Borecka-Bielska, H. M., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Bortfeldt, J., Bortoletto, D., Bortolotto, V., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Bossio Sola, J. D., Bouaouda, K., Boudreau, J., Bouhova-Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Bourdarios, C., Boutle, S. K., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boye, D., Boyko, I. R., Bozson, A. J., Bracinik, J., Brahimi, N., Brandt, A., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Braren, F., Bratzler, U., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Breaden Madden, W. D., Brendlinger, K., Brenner, L., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Brickwedde, B., Briglin, D. L., Britton, D., Britzger, D., Brock, I., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, T., Brooks, W. K., Brost, E., Broughton, J. H, Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A., Bruncko, D., Bruni, A., Bruni, G., Bruni, L. S., Bruno, S., Brunt, B. H., Bruschi, M., Bruscino, N., Bryant, P., Bryngemark, L., Buanes, T., Buat, Q., Buchholz, P., Buckley, A. G., Budagov, I. A., Bugge, M. K., Bührer, F., Bulekov, O., Bullock, D., Burch, T. J., Burdin, S., Burgard, C. D., Burger, A. M., Burghgrave, B., Burka, K., Burke, S., Burmeister, I., Burr, J. T. P., Büscher, V., Buschmann, E., Bussey, P., Butler, J. M., Buttar, C. M., Butterworth, J. M., Butti, P., Buttinger, W., Buzatu, A., Buzykaev, A. R., Cabras, G., Cabrera Urbán, S., Caforio, D., Cai, H., Cairo, V. M. M., Cakir, O., Calace, N., Calafiura, P., Calandri, A., Calderini, G., Calfayan, P., Callea, G., Caloba, L. P., Calvente Lopez, S., Calvet, D., Calvet, S., Calvet, T. P., Calvetti, M., Camacho Toro, R., Camarda, S., Camarero Munoz, D., Camarri, P., Cameron, D., Caminal Armadans, R., Camincher, C., Campana, S., Campanelli, M., Camplani, A., Campoverde, A., Canale, V., Cano Bret, M., Cantero, J., Cao, T., Cao, Y., Capeans Garrido, M. D. M., Caprini, I., Caprini, M., Capua, M., Carbone, R. M., Cardarelli, R., Cardillo, F. C., Carli, I., Carli, T., Carlino, G., Carlson, B. T., Carminati, L., Carney, R. M. D., Caron, S., Carquin, E., Carrá, S., Carter, J. W. S., Casadei, D., Casado, M. P., Casha, A. F., Casper, D. W., Castelijn, R., Castillo, F. L., Castillo Gimenez, V., Castro, N. F., Catinaccio, A., Catmore, J. R., Cattai, A., Caudron, J., Cavaliere, V., Cavallaro, E., Cavalli, D., Cavalli-Sforza, M., Cavasinni, V., Celebi, E., Ceradini, F., Cerda Alberich, L., Cerqueira, A. S., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Cerutti, F., Cervelli, A., Cetin, S. A., Chafaq, A., Chakraborty, D., Chan, S. K., Chan, W. S., Chan, W. Y., Chapman, J. D., Chargeishvili, B., Charlton, D. G., Chau, C. C., Chavez Barajas, C. A., Che, S., Chegwidden, A., Chekanov, S., Chekulaev, S. V., Chelkov, G. A., Chelstowska, M. A., Chen, B., Chen, C., Chen, C. H., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, S., Chen, S. J., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y-H., Cheng, H. C., Cheng, H. J., Cheplakov, A., Cheremushkina, E., Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., Cheu, E., Cheung, K., Chevalérias, T. J. A., Chevalier, L., Chiarella, V., Chiarelli, G., Chiodini, G., Chisholm, A. S., Chitan, A., Chiu, I., Chiu, Y. H., Chizhov, M. V., Choi, K., Chomont, A. R., Chouridou, S., Chow, Y. S., Christodoulou, V., Chu, M. C., Chudoba, J., Chuinard, A. J., Chwastowski, J. J., Chytka, L., Cinca, D., Cindro, V., Cioară, I. A., Ciocio, A., Cirotto, F., Citron, Z. H., Citterio, M., Clark, A., Clark, M. R., Clark, P. J., Clement, C., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cochran, J., Cohen, H., Coimbra, A. E. C., Colasurdo, L., Cole, B., Colijn, A. P., Collot, J., Conde Muiño, P., Coniavitis, E., Connell, S. H., Connelly, I. A., Constantinescu, S., Conventi, F., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Cormier, F., Cormier, K. J. R., Corpe, L. D., Corradi, M., Corrigan, E. E., Corriveau, F., Cortes-Gonzalez, A., Costa, M. J., Costanza, F., Costanzo, D., Cottin, G., Cowan, G., Cowley, J. W., Cox, B. E., Crane, J., Cranmer, K., Crawley, S. J., Creager, R. A., Cree, G., Crépé-Renaudin, S., Crescioli, F., Cristinziani, M., Croft, V., Crosetti, G., Cueto, A., Cuhadar Donszelmann, T., Cukierman, A. R., Czekierda, S., Czodrowski, P., Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J., Da Via, C., Dabrowski, W., Dado, T., Dahbi, S., Dai, T., Dallaire, F., Dallapiccola, C., Dam, M., D’Amen, G., Damp, J., Dandoy, J. R., Daneri, M. F., Dang, N. P., Dann, N. D, Danninger, M., Dao, V., Darbo, G., Darmora, S., Dartsi, O., Dattagupta, A., Daubney, T., D’Auria, S., Davey, W., David, C., Davidek, T., Davis, D. R., Dawe, E., Dawson, I., De, K., De Asmundis, R., De Benedetti, A., De Beurs, M., De Castro, S., De Cecco, S., De Groot, N., de Jong, P., De la Torre, H., De Lorenzi, F., De Maria, A., De Pedis, D., De Salvo, A., De Sanctis, U., De Santis, M., De Santo, A., De Vasconcelos Corga, K., De Vivie De Regie, J. B., Debenedetti, C., Dedovich, D. V., Dehghanian, N., Del Gaudio, M., Del Peso, J., Delabat Diaz, Y., Delgove, D., Deliot, F., Delitzsch, C. M., Della Pietra, M., Della Volpe, D., Dell’Acqua, A., Dell’Asta, L., Delmastro, M., Delporte, C., Delsart, P. A., Demarco, D. A., Demers, S., Demichev, M., Denisov, S. P., Denysiuk, D., D’Eramo, L., Derendarz, D., Derkaoui, J. E., Derue, F., Dervan, P., Desch, K., Deterre, C., Dette, K., Devesa, M. R., Deviveiros, P. O., Dewhurst, A., Dhaliwal, S., Di Bello, F. A., Di Ciaccio, A., Di Ciaccio, L., Di Clemente, W. K., Di Donato, C., Di Girolamo, A., Di Gregorio, G., Di Micco, B., Di Nardo, R., Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sipio, R., Di Valentino, D., Diaconu, C., Diamond, M., Dias, F. A., Dias Do Vale, T., Diaz, M. A., Dickinson, J., Diehl, E. B., Dietrich, J., Díez Cornell, S., Dimitrievska, A., Dingfelder, J., Dittus, F., Djama, F., Djobava, T., Djuvsland, J. I., Do Vale, M. A. B., Dobre, M., Dodsworth, D., Doglioni, C., Dolejsi, J., Dolezal, Z., Donadelli, M., Donini, J., D’Onofrio, A., D’Onofrio, M., Dopke, J., Doria, A., Dova, M. T., Doyle, A. T., Drechsler, E., Dreyer, E., Dreyer, T., Du, Y., Dubinin, F., Dubovsky, M., Dubreuil, A., Duchovni, E., Duckeck, G., Ducourthial, A., Ducu, O. A., Duda, D., Dudarev, A., Dudder, A. C., Duffield, E. M., Duflot, L., Dührssen, M., Dülsen, C., Dumancic, M., Dumitriu, A. E., Duncan, A. K., Dunford, M., Duperrin, A., Duran Yildiz, H., Düren, M., Durglishvili, A., Duschinger, D., Dutta, B., Duvnjak, D., Dyndal, M., Dysch, S., Dziedzic, B. S., Ecker, K. M., Edgar, R. C., Eifert, T., Eigen, G., Einsweiler, K., Ekelof, T., El Kacimi, M., El Kosseifi, R., Ellajosyula, V., Ellert, M., Ellinghaus, F., Elliot, A. A., Ellis, N., Elmsheuser, J., Elsing, M., Emeliyanov, D., Emerman, A., Enari, Y., Ennis, J. S., Epland, M. B., Erdmann, J., Ereditato, A., Errede, S., Escalier, M., Escobar, C., Estrada Pastor, O., Etienvre, A. I., Etzion, E., Evans, H., Ezhilov, A., Ezzi, M., Fabbri, F., Fabbri, L., Fabiani, V., Facini, G., Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, R. M., Fakhrutdinov, R. M., Falciano, S., Falke, P. J., Falke, S., Faltova, J., Fang, Y., Fanti, M., Farbin, A., Farilla, A., Farina, E. M., Farooque, T., Farrell, S., Farrington, S. M., Farthouat, P., Fassi, F., Fassnacht, P., Fassouliotis, D., Faucci Giannelli, M., Fawcett, W. J., Fayard, L., Fedin, O. L., Fedorko, W., Feickert, M., Feigl, S., Feligioni, L., Feng, C., Feng, E. J., Feng, M., Fenton, M. J., Fenyuk, A. B., Ferrando, J., Ferrari, A., Ferrari, P., Ferrari, R., Ferreira de Lima, D. E., Ferrer, A., Ferrere, D., Ferretti, C., Fiedler, F., Filipčič, A., Filthaut, F., Finelli, K. D., Fiolhais, M. C. N., Fiorini, L., Fischer, C., Fisher, W. C., Flaschel, N., Fleck, I., Fleischmann, P., Fletcher, R. R. M., Flick, T., Flierl, B. M., Flores, L. M., Flores Castillo, L. R., Follega, F. M., Fomin, N., Forcolin, G. T., Formica, A., Förster, F. A., Forti, A. C., Foster, A. G., Fournier, D., Fox, H., Fracchia, S., Francavilla, P., Franchini, M., Franchino, S., Francis, D., Franconi, L., Franklin, M., Frate, M., Fray, A. N., Freeborn, D., Freund, B., Freund, W. S., Freundlich, E. M., Frizzell, D. C., Froidevaux, D., Frost, J. A., Fukunaga, C., Fullana Torregrosa, E., Fumagalli, E., Fusayasu, T., Fuster, J., Gabizon, O., Gabrielli, A., Gach, G. P., Gadatsch, S., Gadow, P., Gagliardi, G., Gagnon, L. G., Galea, C., Galhardo, B., Gallas, E. J., Gallop, B. J., Gallus, P., Galster, G., Gamboa Goni, R., Gan, K. K., Ganguly, S., Gao, J., Gao, Y., Gao, Y. S., García, C., García Navarro, J. E., García Pascual, J. A., Garcia-Argos, C., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Gardner, R. W., Garelli, N., Gargiulo, S., Garonne, V., Gasnikova, K., Gaudiello, A., Gaudio, G., Gavrilenko, I. L., Gavrilyuk, A., Gay, C., Gaycken, G., Gazis, E. N., Gee, C. N. P., Geisen, J., Geisen, M., Geisler, M. P., Gemme, C., Genest, M. H., Geng, C., Gentile, S., George, S., Gerbaudo, D., Gessner, G., Ghasemi, S., Ghasemi Bostanabad, M., Ghneimat, M., Giacobbe, B., Giagu, S., Giangiacomi, N., Giannetti, P., Giannini, A., Gibson, S. M., Gignac, M., Gillberg, D., Gilles, G., Gingrich, D. M., Giordani, M. P., Giorgi, F. M., Giraud, P. F., Giromini, P., Giugliarelli, G., Giugni, D., Giuli, F., Giulini, M., Gkaitatzis, S., Gkialas, I., Gkougkousis, E. L., Gkountoumis, P., Gladilin, L. K., Glasman, C., Glatzer, J., Glaysher, P. C. F., Glazov, A., Goblirsch-Kolb, M., Godlewski, J., Goldfarb, S., Golling, T., Golubkov, D., Gomes, A., Goncalves Gama, R., Gonçalo, R., Gonella, G., Gonella, L., Gongadze, A., Gonnella, F., Gonski, J. L., González de la Hoz, S., Gonzalez-Sevilla, S., Goossens, L., Gorbounov, P. A., Gordon, H. A., Gorini, B., Gorini, E., Gorišek, A., Goshaw, A. T., Gössling, C., Gostkin, M. I., Gottardo, C. A., Goudet, C. R., Goujdami, D., Goussiou, A. G., Govender, N., Goy, C., Gozani, E., Grabowska-Bold, I., Gradin, P. O. J., Graham, E. C., Gramling, J., Gramstad, E., Grancagnolo, S., Gratchev, V., Gravila, P. M., Gravili, F. G., Gray, C., Gray, H. M., Greenwood, Z. D., Grefe, C., Gregersen, K., Gregor, I. M., Grenier, P., Grevtsov, K., Grieser, N. A., Griffiths, J., Grillo, A. A., Grimm, K., Grinstein, S., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. -F., Groh, S., Gross, E., Grosse-Knetter, J., Grossi, G. C., Grout, Z. J., Grud, C., Grummer, A., Guan, L., Guan, W., Guenther, J., Guerguichon, A., Guescini, F., Guest, D., Gugel, R., Gui, B., Guillemin, T., Guindon, S., Gul, U., Guo, J., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Guo, Z., Gupta, R., Gurbuz, S., Gustavino, G., Gutierrez, P., Gutschow, C., Guyot, C., Guzik, M. P., Gwenlan, C., Gwilliam, C. B., Haas, A., Haber, C., Hadavand, H. K., Haddad, N., Hadef, A., Hageböck, S., Hagihara, M., Haleem, M., Haley, J., Halladjian, G., Hallewell, G. D., Hamacher, K., Hamal, P., Hamano, K., Hamilton, A., Hamity, G. N., Han, K., Han, L., Han, S., Hanagaki, K., Hance, M., Handl, D. M., Haney, B., Hankache, R., Hanke, P., Hansen, E., Hansen, J. B., Hansen, J. D., Hansen, M. C., Hansen, P. H., Hara, K., Hard, A. S., Harenberg, T., Harkusha, S., Harrison, P. F., Hartmann, N. M., Hasegawa, Y., Hasib, A., Hassani, S., Haug, S., Hauser, R., Hauswald, L., Havener, L. B., Havranek, M., Hawkes, C. M., Hawkings, R. J., Hayden, D., Hayes, C., Hays, C. P., Hays, J. M., Hayward, H. S., Haywood, S. J., He, F., Heath, M. P., Hedberg, V., Heelan, L., Heer, S., Heidegger, K. K., Heilman, J., Heim, S., Heim, T., Heinemann, B., Heinrich, J. J., Heinrich, L., Heinz, C., Hejbal, J., Helary, L., Held, A., Hellesund, S., Helling, C. M., Hellman, S., Helsens, C., Henderson, R. C. W., Heng, Y., Henkelmann, S., Henriques Correia, A. M., Herbert, G. H., Herde, H., Herget, V., Hernández Jiménez, Y., Herr, H., Herrmann, M. G., Herrmann, T., Herten, G., Hertenberger, R., Hervas, L., Herwig, T. C., Hesketh, G. G., Hessey, N. P., Higashida, A., Higashino, S., Higón-Rodriguez, E., Hildebrand, K., Hill, E., Hill, J. C., Hill, K. K., Hiller, K. H., Hillier, S. J., Hils, M., Hinchliffe, I., Hinterkeuser, F., Hirose, M., Hirschbuehl, D., Hiti, B., Hladik, O., Hlaluku, D. R., Hoad, X., Hobbs, J., Hod, N., Hodgkinson, M. C., Hoecker, A., Hoeferkamp, M. R., Hoenig, F., Hohn, D., Hohov, D., Holmes, T. R., Holzbock, M., Homann, M., Hommels, B. H., Honda, S., Honda, T., Hong, T. 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L., Readioff, N. P., Reale, M., Rebuzzi, D. M., Redelbach, A., Redlinger, G., Reece, R., Reed, R. G., Reeves, K., Rehnisch, L., Reichert, J., Reikher, D., Reiss, A., Rej, A., Rembser, C., Ren, H., Rescigno, M., Resconi, S., Resseguie, E. D., Rettie, S., Reynolds, E., Rezanova, O. L., Reznicek, P., Ricci, E., Richter, R., Richter, S., Richter-Was, E., Ricken, O., Ridel, M., Rieck, P., Riegel, C. J., Rifki, O., Rijssenbeek, M., Rimoldi, A., Rimoldi, M., Rinaldi, L., Ripellino, G., Ristić, B., Ritsch, E., Riu, I., Rivera Vergara, J. C., Rizatdinova, F., Rizvi, E., Rizzi, C., Roberts, R. T., Robertson, S. H., Robinson, D., Robinson, J. E. M., Robson, A., Rocco, E., Roda, C., Rodina, Y., Rodriguez Bosca, S., Rodriguez Perez, A., Rodriguez Rodriguez, D., Rodríguez Vera, A. M., Roe, S., Rogan, C. S., Røhne, O., Röhrig, R., Roland, C. P. A., Roloff, J., Romaniouk, A., Romano, M., Rompotis, N., Ronzani, M., Roos, L., Rosati, S., Rosbach, K., Rosien, N-A., Rosser, B. J., Rossi, E., Rossi, L. P., Rossini, L., Rosten, J. H. N., Rosten, R., Rotaru, M., Rothberg, J., Rousseau, D., Roy, D., Rozanov, A., Rozen, Y., Ruan, X., Rubbo, F., Rühr, F., Ruiz-Martinez, A., Rurikova, Z., Rusakovich, N. A., Russell, H. L., Rutherfoord, J. P., Rüttinger, E. M., Ryabov, Y. F., Rybar, M., Rybkin, G., Ryu, S., Ryzhov, A., Rzehorz, G. F., Sabatini, P., Sabato, G., Sacerdoti, S., Sadrozinski, H. F-W., Sadykov, R., Safai Tehrani, F., Saha, P., Sahinsoy, M., Sahu, A., Saimpert, M., Saito, M., Saito, T., Sakamoto, H., Sakharov, A., Salamani, D., Salamanna, G., Salazar Loyola, J. E., Sales De Bruin, P. H., Salihagic, D., Salnikov, A., Salt, J., Salvatore, D., Salvatore, F., Salvucci, A., Salzburger, A., Samarati, J., Sammel, D., Sampsonidis, D., Sampsonidou, D., Sánchez, J., Sanchez Pineda, A., Sandaker, H., Sander, C. O., Sandhoff, M., Sandoval, C., Sankey, D. P. C., Sannino, M., Sano, Y., Sansoni, A., Santoni, C., Santos, H., Santoyo Castillo, I., Santra, A., Sapronov, A., Saraiva, J. 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Yu., Sjölin, J., Skubic, P., Slater, M., Slavicek, T., Slawinska, M., Sliwa, K., Slovak, R., Smakhtin, V., Smart, B. H., Smiesko, J., Smirnov, N., Smirnov, S. Yu., Smirnov, Y., Smirnova, L. N., Smirnova, O., Smith, J. W., Smizanska, M., Smolek, K., Smykiewicz, A., Snesarev, A. A., Snyder, I. M., Snyder, S., Sobie, R., Soffa, A. M., Soffer, A., Søgaard, A., Sohns, F., Sokhrannyi, G., Solans Sanchez, C. A., Solar, M., Soldatov, E. Yu., Soldevila, U., Solodkov, A. A., Soloshenko, A., Solovyanov, O. V., Solovyev, V., Sommer, P., Son, H., Song, W., Song, W. Y., Sopczak, A., Sopkova, F., Sotiropoulou, C. L., Sottocornola, S., Soualah, R., Soukharev, A. M., South, D., Spagnolo, S., Spalla, M., Spangenberg, M., Spanò, F., Sperlich, D., Spieker, T. M., Spighi, R., Spigo, G., Spiller, L. A., Spiteri, D. P., Spousta, M., Stabile, A., Stamen, R., Stamm, S., Stanecka, E., Stanek, R. W., Stanescu, C., Stanislaus, B., Stanitzki, M. M., Stapf, B., Starchenko, E. A., Stark, G. H., Stark, J., Stark, S. 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W., Varni, C., Varol, T., Varouchas, D., Varvell, K. E., Vasquez, G. A., Vasquez, J. G., Vazeille, F., Vazquez Furelos, D., Vazquez Schroeder, T., Veatch, J., Vecchio, V., Veloce, L. M., Veloso, F., Veneziano, S., Ventura, A., Venturi, N., Vercesi, V., Verducci, M., Vergel Infante, C. M., Vergis, C., Verkerke, W., Vermeulen, A. T., Vermeulen, J. C., Vetterli, M. C., Viaux Maira, N., Vicente Barreto Pinto, M., Vichou, I., Vickey, T., Vickey Boeriu, O. E., Viehhauser, G. H. A., Viel, S., Vigani, L., Villa, M., Villaplana Perez, M., Vilucchi, E., Vincter, M. G., Vinogradov, V. B., Vishwakarma, A., Vittori, C., Vivarelli, I., Vlachos, S., Vogel, M., Vokac, P., Volpi, G., von Buddenbrock, S. E., Von Toerne, E., Vorobel, V., Vorobev, K., Vos, M., Vossebeld, J. H., Vranjes, N., Vranjes Milosavljevic, M., Vrba, V., Vreeswijk, M., Šfiligoj, T., Vuillermet, R., Vukotic, I., Ženiš, T., Živković, L., Wagner, P., Wagner, W., Wagner-Kuhr, J., Wahlberg, H., Wahrmund, S., Wakamiya, K., Walbrecht, V. M., Walder, J., Walker, R., Walker, S. D., Walkowiak, W., Wallangen, V., Wang, A. M., Wang, C., Wang, F., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, P., Wang, Q., Wang, R. -J., Wang, R., Wang, S. M., Wang, W. T., Wang, W., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wanotayaroj, C., Warburton, A., Ward, C. P., Wardrope, D. R., Washbrook, A., Watkins, P. M., Watson, A. T., Watson, M. F., Watts, G., Watts, S., Waugh, B. M., Webb, A. F., Webb, S., Weber, C., Weber, M. S., Weber, S. A., Weber, S. M., Weidberg, A. R., Weingarten, J., Weirich, M., Weiser, C., Wells, P. S., Wenaus, T., Wengler, T., Wenig, S., Wermes, N., Werner, M. D., Werner, P., Wessels, M., Weston, T. D., Whalen, K., Whallon, N. L., Wharton, A. M., White, A. S., White, A., White, M. J., White, R., Whiteson, D., Whitmore, B. W., Wickens, F. J., Wiedenmann, W., Wielers, M., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M., Wilk, F., Wilkens, H. G., Wilkins, L. J., Williams, H. H., Williams, S., Willis, C., Willocq, S., Wilson, J. 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V., Zeitnitz, C., Zemaityte, G., Zeng, J. C., Zeng, Q., Zenin, O., Zerwas, D., Zgubič, M., Zhang, D. F., Zhang, D., Zhang, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, P., Zhang, R., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, P., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, Z., Zhong, D., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, M. S., Zhou, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, H. L., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, K., Zhulanov, V., Zibell, A., Zieminska, D., Zimine, N. I., Zimmermann, S., Zinonos, Z., Ziolkowski, M., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Zoch, K., Zorbas, T. G., Zou, R., Zur Nedden, M., Zwalinski, L., Aaboud, M, Bachas, K, Chiodini, G, Gorini, E, Gravili, F, Longo, L, Mirto, A, Primavera, M, Reale, M, Schioppa, E, Spagnolo, S, Ventura, A, and ATLAS Collaboration, And
Subjects: leptonic decay [B0], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atlas detector, 13000 GeV-cms, Ciencias Físicas, rare decay [B/s0], 01 natural sciences, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), models, ATLAS detector, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, +muon%2B+muon%22">B0 --> muon+ muon, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Subatomär fysik, Subatomic Physics, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], differential branching, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 [VDP], GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Physics, (muon+ muon-) [mass spectrum], Large Hadron Collider, B/s0: branching ratio: measured, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, B0: rare decay, mass difference: (B0 B/s0), ATLAS, branching ratio: measured [B/s0], muon: pair production, medicine.anatomical_structure, CERN LHC Coll, resolution [detector], Atlas, colliding beams [p p], Particle Physics - Experiment, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, S086.15, Particle physics, p p: scattering, Meson, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas, Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais], flavor (particle physics), LHC, ATLAS, High Energy Physics, ddc:500.2, Física de Partículas y Campos, B/s0: leptonic decay, +muon%2B+muon%22">B/s0 --> muon+ muon, Decay, Atlas (anatomy), S042:Desig=7, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, ddc:530, (B0 B/s0) [mass difference], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, pair production [muon], High Energy Physics, B0: leptonic decay, detector: resolution, 010306 general physics, Muon, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, B0: branching ratio: upper limit, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], leptonic decay [B/s0], S086:Desig=15, mass spectrum: (muon+ muon-), rare decay [B0], Experimental High Energy Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, S042.7, branching ratio: upper limit [B0], p p: colliding beams, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 [VDP], B/s0: rare decay, experimental results
Abstract: A study of the decays B s 0 → μ+μ− and B0 → μ+μ− has been performed using 26.3 fb−1 of 13 TeV LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. Since the detector resolution in μ+μ− invariant mass is comparable to the B s 0 -B0 mass difference, a single fit determines the signal yields for both decay modes. This results in a measurement of the branching fraction B(B0s→μ+μ−)=(3.2+1.1−1.0)×10−9 and an upper limit B(B0→μ+μ−), We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019

10. Energy Balances of East Asian Countries Against the Background of Global Trends

Author: Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Geography, Energy (esotericism), East Asia, General Medicine, Economic geography, China
Published: 2021

11. Single-Ion Magnet Et4N[CoII(hfac)3] with Nonuniaxial Anisotropy: Synthesis, Experimental Characterization, and Theoretical Modeling

Author: R. B. Morgunov, A. D. Talantsev, Boris Tsukerblat, E. A. Yur’eva, Alexander V. Akimov, Sergey M. Aldoshin, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Denis V. Korchagin, Gennady V. Shilov, and Andrew Palii
Subjects: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Magnetic measurements, Condensed matter physics, Single ion, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Magnetic anisotropy, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Magnet, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Anisotropy
Abstract: In this article we report the synthesis and structure of the new Co(II) complex Et4N[CoII(hfac)3] (I) (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) exhibiting single-ion magnet (SIM) behavior. The performed analysis of the magnetic characteristics based on the complementary experimental techniques such as static and dynamic magnetic measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with the theoretical modeling (parametric Hamiltonian and ab initio calculations) demonstrates that the SIM properties of I arise from the nonuniaxial magnetic anisotropy with strong positive axial and significant rhombic contributions.
Published: 2016

12. Radical cation salts of BETS and ET with dicyanamidocuprate anions demonstrating metal-insulator and semiconductor–semiconductor transitions

Author: Harald Olaf Jeschke, Gennady V. Shilov, Alexander V. Akimov, Vladimir N. Zverev, Salavat S. Khasanov, Stephen M. Winter, Sergey V. Tokarev, Vyacheslav A. Kopotkov, Eduard B. Yagubskii, and Nataliya D. Kushch
Subjects: Phase transition, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Crystal structure, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Inorganic Chemistry, Metal, Paramagnetism, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Radical ion, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Tetrathiafulvalene
Abstract: Electrocrystallization of bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) and bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) in the presence of an electrolyte (Ph4P)[Cu(dca)]3⋅H2O [(dca) = N(CN)2] has been studied using different solvents. A new organic metal (BETS)2Cu(dca)3 (1), and the first radical cation salt with 3D dicyanamidocuprate anion, incorporating both diamagnetic Cu1+ and paramagnetic Cu2+atoms, (ET)2Cu1.8(dca)4 (2) have been obtained. Crystal structure, conducting properties of both salts, as well as the electronic structure of 2 and its structural analog (ET)2CuMn(dca)4 (3) were analysed. The salts 1 and 2 have layered structures. In contrast to the BETS radical cation salt 1, complex 2 is characterized by the presence of a 3D polymeric anion built into the ET radical cation layers. At ambient pressure, the resistance of the crystals 1 shows semimetal behaviour down to 30 K. Below 30 K, the resistance sharply increases and the sample becomes insulating. The application of a pressure of about 3 kbar suppresses the metal-insulator transition. The salt 2 undergoes a semiconductor I - semiconductor II phase transition, which is manifested by a jump in the resistance and a hysteresis in the R(T) curves in a very large temperature range (185 – 250 K). The phase transition is accompanied by changes in the charge state of the ET molecules, and notable structure changes in the anion layer, especially in the environment of Cu2+. For the salt 3 the calculated selfconsistent charges show upon cooling a sharp increase of charge order between 291 K and 285 K.
Published: 2020

13. Structure and properties of ET charge transfer salts with cobalt(II)/zinc(II) anion networks templated by urea

Author: Rimma N. Lyubovskaya, A. M. Flakina, Elena I. Zhilyaeva, Dmitri V. Konarev, Alexander V. Akimov, S. V. Tokarev, Gennady V. Shilov, Sergey M. Aldoshin, S. A. Torunova, and Rustem B. Lyubovskii
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Ion, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Radical ion, law, Materials Chemistry, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Cobalt, Tetrathiafulvalene
Abstract: New compounds (ET)5[MIICl4][MIICl3(u)](u)2, MII = Co (1), Zn (2) and α-(ET)2[(u)2(H)]ZnCl4 (3) have been prepared and characterized. Urea (u) was used as a template for creating anionic layers in ET-based layered charge transfer salts, ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene. In the anion layers of 1 and 2, urea molecules form chains, in the channels between which there are chains of tetrahedral anions [MIICl4]2− and [MIICl3(u)]−, these chains being parallel to the ribbons of ET radical cations from cation layers. In the anion layers of 3, the [ZnCl4]2− anions and the [(u)2(H)]+ cations alternate in a checkerboard pattern and form hydrogen-bonded chains parallel to the ET stacking direction in cation layers. Electrical transport studies reveals that 1 and 2 behave as metals down to 75 and 65 K, respectively, and 3 is a semiconductor with activation energy of 0.1 eV. Magnetic susceptibility of 1 defined mainly by cobalt(II) anions follows the Curie-Weiss law. The Weiss temperature value (+0.6 K in the 10–300 K range) indicates weak magnetic coupling between the cobalt(II) spins. In the EPR spectrum of 1, one signal attributed to the ET radical cation is detected down to 60 K, and wide signals from cobalt are superimposed below this temperature.
Published: 2020

14. Asian Center of Development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies

Author: Alexander V. Akimov and Nina Tsvetkova
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Linguistics and Language, History, Engineering, Economy, business.industry, Anthropology, Political Science and International Relations, Asian country, Center (algebra and category theory), business, Industrial Revolution, Language and Linguistics
Published: 2020

15. What Lies Ahead: Main Trends and Contradictions of Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries on the Threshold of the 2020s

Author: Vitalii A. Meliantsev and Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Linguistics and Language, History, Poverty, Inequality, Emerging technologies, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Developing country, Language and Linguistics, Anthropology, Political Science and International Relations, Development economics, Economics, Productivity, media_common
Published: 2020

16. Steric Heavy Atom Effect on Magnetic Anisotropy of Triplet Tribromophenyl Nitrenes

Author: Sergei V. Chapyshev, Alexander V. Akimov, Denis V. Korchagin, Sergey M. Aldoshin, Anton Savitsky, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Steric effects, 010405 organic chemistry, Nitrene, Photodissociation, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Magnetic anisotropy, chemistry, law, Atom, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Methylcyclohexane, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: Previously unknown the steric heavy atom effect on magnetic anisotropy parameters of triplet phenyl nitrenes is reported. The heavy bromine atom effect is revealed by W-band EPR and theoretical investigations of triplet 2,4,6-tribromophenyl nitrenes bearing different substituents in positions 3 and 5 of the phenyl ring (1a, H/H; 1b, CN/CN; 1c, N3/F; 1d, N3/N3; 1e, Cl/Cl; 1f, Br/Br). The zero-field splitting parameters of nitrenes 1a ( D = 0.9930 cm-1, E = 0.0261 cm-1), 1c ( D = 1.244 cm-1, E = 0.030 cm-1), and 1d ( D = 1.369 cm-1, E = 0.093 cm-1), generated by the photolysis of the corresponding azides in frozen methylcyclohexane solution at 5 K, were determined from the W-band EPR spectra. To clarify the origin of considerable differences in the experimental D values of nitrenes 1a, 1c, and 1d, extensive DFT and CASSCF calculations of these nitrenes as well as of model nitrenes 1b, 1e, and 1f were performed. The calculations show that all nitrenes have nearly the same magnitudes of the spin-spin interactions ( DSS ∼ 1 cm-1), but drastically differ in the spin-orbit coupling parameter (from DSOC = 0.087 cm-1 for 1a to DSOC = 0.765 cm-1 for 1f). Comprehensive analysis of various computational data showed that the magnitude of DSOC of nitrenes 1a-f is the function of the N···Br distance between the nitrene nitrogen and the neighboring bromine atoms. The more bulky substituents are located in positions 3 and 5 of nitrenes 1a-1f, the smaller the N--Br distance and the larger DSOC. These features indicate that the heavy atom effect on magnetic anisotropy of triplet phenyl nitrenes originates from the through-space rather than through-bond electronic interactions between the bromine atoms and the nitrene unit.
Published: 2018

17. Magnetic anisotropy parameters of matrix-isolated septet 2,4,6-tribromo-1,3,5-trinitrenobenzene

Author: I. K. Yakushchenko, Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, A. A. Mazitov, Sergei V. Chapyshev, and E. Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Magnetic anisotropy, Argon, Bromine, Spin states, Chemistry, Photodissociation, Matrix isolation, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecule, General Chemistry, Atomic physics, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract: An ESR spectrum of highly symmetric septet 2,4,6-tribromo-1,3,5-trinitrenobenzene formed during the photolysis of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-tribromobenzene in solid argon at 15 K was recorded. The spectrum corresponds to a septet spin state with the fine structure parameters |D| = 0.202 cm−1 and E = 0. The obtained magnetic anisotropy parameter |D| agrees well with the DFT calculated value that predicts the record high negative magnetic anisotropy D = 0.24 cm−1 in a series of organic septet trinitrenes. Due to the presence of three heavy bromine atoms and high symmetry of the molecule (D3h), the contribution of spin—orbit interactions to the magnetic anisotropy of the obtained trinitrene reaches ∼62% and parameter D in the studied trinitrene twofold exceeds the typical experimental values of |D| for the known septet polynitrenes.
Published: 2015

18. Unexpected effect of substituents on the zero-field splitting of triplet phenyl nitrenes

Author: Eugenii Ya. Misochko, E. A. Yur’eva, Alexander V. Akimov, Sergei M. Aldoshin, and Denis V. Korchagin
Subjects: Bromine, 010405 organic chemistry, Nitrene, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Zero field splitting, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, law, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Methylcyclohexane, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: The EPR spectrum of triplet 2,4,6-tribromophenyl nitrene was obtained in glassy methylcyclohexane at 15 K. Surprisingly, the zero-field splitting parameter D = 0.989 cm−1 derived from this spectrum is much lower than that reported previously for triplet 3,5-diazido-2,4,6-tribromophenyl nitrene and has the same value as in phenyl nitrenes composed with light atoms. DFT calculations of the zero-field splitting parameters support this unexpected experimental observation. Experimental and theoretical data provide evidence that the enhanced by bromine atoms spin-orbit contribution to the parameter D (the so called “heavy-atom effect”) is strongly modulated by other substituents attached to the aromatic cycle.
Published: 2016

19. Evidence of field induced slow magnetic relaxation in cis-[Co(hfac)

Author: Denis V, Korchagin, Andrew V, Palii, Elena A, Yureva, Alexander V, Akimov, Eugenii Ya, Misochko, Gennady V, Shilov, Artem D, Talantsev, Roman B, Morgunov, Alexander A, Shakin, Sergey M, Aldoshin, and Boris S, Tsukerblat
Abstract: We report a combined experimental characterization and theoretical modeling of the hexa-coordinated high-spin Co(ii) complex cis-[Co(hfac)
Published: 2017

20. The EPR Spectrum of Triplet Mesitylphosphinidene: Reassignment and New Assignment

Author: Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, Vasili Miluykov, Yulia S. Ganushevich, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Spectrum (functional analysis), General Chemistry, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: Low temperature UV-photolysis of mesitylphosphiranes under strong anaerobic conditions leads to the formation of the triplet mesitylphosphinidene (MesP). The recorded X-band EPR spectrum of triplet MesP and the derived zero-field splitting parameter D = 4.116 cm-1 differ significantly from those reported previously for this intermediate. New magnetic parameters of mesitylphosphinidene are discussed along with the results of DFT calculations.
Published: 2017

21. Molecular Conformations and Magnetic Parameters of the Compact Trimethylenemethane-Type Triplet Diradical

Author: Evgeny V. Tretyakov, Denis V. Korchagin, S. E. Tolstikov, Alexander V. Akimov, Victor I. Ovcharenko, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, and Artem A. Masitov
Subjects: Nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, Argon, Diradical, Trimethylenemethane, Ab initio, chemistry.chemical_element, Type (model theory), chemistry.chemical_compound, Matrix (mathematics), chemistry, Computational chemistry, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Conformational isomerism
Abstract: The ESR spectrum of compact nitroxide (NO)-substituted nitronyl nitroxide (NN) triplet diradical N-tert-butyl-N-oxidanyl-2-amino-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (1) was recorded in solid argon matrix at 15 K. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of 1 were derived from the recorded ESR spectrum: |D| = 0.0248 cm(-1) and E = 0.0025 cm(-1). Quantum chemical calculations have been performed using DFT and multiconfigurational ab initio (CAS) methods in order to establish equilibrium geometries of the conformational isomers resulting from twisted conformations of NO and NN moieties. The ZFS parameters of 1 were calculated at these levels of theory to test validity of the calculated structures. The calculation results were analyzed using the measured ZFS parameters and magnetic and structural data from the previous studies (Suzuki, S.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15908; Tretyakov, E. V.; et al. Russ. Chem. Bull. 2011, 60, 2608). It was found that the ab initio method is most successful for accurate predictions of molecular and magnetic parameters. Diradical 1 has only one stable enantiomeric pair in pseudoeclipsed conformations. The two chiral isomers exist in racemic crystals 1 and in solid matrices with molecular parameters close to those attributed to a free molecule. The analysis of the spin density distribution suggests that one unpaired electron occupies NO group at the equilibrium geometry, whereas the torsion of NO group governs the spin density distribution of the second unpaired electron on a conjugated fragment in NN group. The increase in planarity by torsion of NO group enhances the trimethylenemethane-type properties and, therefore, gives rise to larger ferromagnetic exchange interaction. More planar equilibrium geometry and greater (three times) exchange interaction constant J were predicted for hypothetical diradical 1a, where bulky tert-butyl group is replaced by a methyl group in the nitroxide fragment.
Published: 2013

22. Magnetic anisotropy parameters of matrix-isolated septet 1,3,5-trinitreno-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene

Author: Sergei V. Chapyshev, Alexander V. Akimov, E. Ya. Misochko, A. A. Mazitov, and Denis V. Korchagin
Subjects: Argon, Bromine, Spin states, Photodissociation, Matrix isolation, chemistry.chemical_element, Trichlorobenzene, General Chemistry, Molecular physics, Magnetic anisotropy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, medicine, Molecule, medicine.drug
Abstract: An ESR spectrum of high-symmetry septet 1,3,5-trinitreno-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene generated under photolysis of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene in solid argon at 15 K was recorded. Computer simulation revealed that the spectrum corresponds to the septet spin state with the fine structure parameters DS = −0.0957±0.0006 cm−1 and ES = 0±0.0004 cm−1. These values of the magnetic anisotropy parameters DS and ES are in good agreement with the results of UDFT calculations. The spin-spin (DSS) and spin-orbit (DSO) coupling parameters of septet molecules with D3h symmetry are negative and mutually enhance the magnetic anisotropy of these molecules. The contribution of the spin-orbit coupling to the magnetic anisotropy of 1,3,5-trinitreno-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene is higher than 11% due to the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule. This suggests the possibility of further strengthening the magnetic properties of septet 1,3,5-trinitrenobenzenes by introducing bromine and iodine atoms into positions 2, 4, and 6 of their benzene rings.
Published: 2012

23. Single-Ion Magnet Et

Author: Andrew V, Palii, Denis V, Korchagin, Elena A, Yureva, Alexander V, Akimov, Eugenii Ya, Misochko, Gennady V, Shilov, Artem D, Talantsev, Roman B, Morgunov, Sergey M, Aldoshin, and Boris S, Tsukerblat
Abstract: In this article we report the synthesis and structure of the new Co(II) complex Et
Published: 2016

24. The electronic structure of 5-methylhexa-1,2,4-triene-1,3-diyl, the first representative of highly delocalized triplet ethynylvinylcarbenes, from ESR spectroscopy data and quantum chemical calculations

Author: Artem A. Masitov, Mikhail P. Egorov, Oleg M. Nefedov, Sergey M. Aldoshin, Konstantin N. Shavrin, Alexander V. Akimov, S. E. Boganov, E. Ya. Misochko, Denis V. Korchagin, and Valentin D. Gvozdev
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Delocalized electron, Crystallography, Spin polarization, chemistry, Unpaired electron, Computational chemistry, Matrix isolation, Density functional theory, General Chemistry, Electronic structure, Spectroscopy, Carbene
Abstract: The ESR spectrum of the first representative of highly conjugated triplet ethynylvinylcarbenes, 5-methylhexa-1,2,4-triene-1,3-diyl (1), was recorded in solid argon matrix. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of carbene 1 (D = 0.5054±0.0006 cm−1 and E = 0.0045±0.0002 cm−1) determined from the experimental ESR spectrum are in between the corresponding parameters of ethynylcarbene C3H2 (2) and vinylcarbene C3H4 (3): D(3) < D(1) < D(2) and E(2) < E(1) < E(3). Quantum chemical calculations of the ZFS parameters of 1, 2, and 3 have been carried out for the first time using two DFT-based approaches, RODFT and UDFT. An analysis of the experimental and theoretical ZFS parameters shows that carbene 1 is characterized by a greater extent of delocalization of the spin density of unpaired electrons than carbenes 2 and 3. The characteristic structural fragments of carbene 1 possess the principal features of the electronic structure of both ethynylcarbene (2) and vinylcarbene (3), respectively. Magnetic spin-spin interactions are identical in carbenes 1 and 2. The dominant contribution to D in 1 and 2 results from the one-center spin-spin interactions on carbon atoms in the propynylidene group, which are subjected to strong spin polarization.
Published: 2011

25. Matrix-Isolation and ab Initio Study of HNgCCF and HCCNgF Molecules (Ng = Ar, Kr, and Xe)

Author: A.V. Domanskaya, Alexander V. Akimov, Markku Räsänen, Leonid Khriachtchev, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Jan Lundell, Khriachtchev, Leonid, Domanskaya, Alexandra, Räsänen, Markku, and University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry
Subjects: 010304 chemical physics, Chemistry, education, 116 Chemical sciences, Photodissociation, Matrix isolation, Ab initio, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Dissociation (chemistry), 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Argon compounds
Abstract: We report three new noble-gas molecules prepared in low-temperature Kr and Xe matrices from the HCCF precursor by UV photolysis and thermal annealing. The identified molecules are two noble-gas hydrides HNgCCF (Ng = Kr and Xe) and a molecule of another type, HCCKrF. These molecules are assigned with the help of ab initio calculations. All strong absorptions predicted by theory are found in experiments with proper deuteration shifts. The experiments and theory suggest a higher stability against dissociation of HNgCCF molecules compared to HNgCCH reported previously. Surprisingly, only very tentative traces of HCCXeF, which is computationally very stable, are found in experiments. No strong evidence of similar argon compounds is found here.
Published: 2010

26. Infrared spectroscopic observation of the radical •XeF3 generated in solid argon

Author: Daniil A. Tyurin, Alexander V. Akimov, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, and Vasilii A. Belov
Subjects: Argon, Radical, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Chemical reaction, Inorganic Chemistry, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Molecular vibration, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Fluorine, Molecule, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Xenon trifluoride radicals were generated by the solid-state chemical reaction of mobile fluorine atoms with XeF(2) molecules isolated in a solid argon matrix. On the basis of spectroscopic and kinetic FTIR measurements and performed quantum chemical calculations, two infrared absorption bands at 568 (strong) and 523 (very weak) cm(-1) have been assigned to asymmetric and symmetric Xe-F stretching vibrational modes of radical (*)XeF(3), respectively. Chemical reaction of fluorine atom with XeF(2) in a solid argon cage obeys specific kinetic behavior indicating the formation of a long-lived intermediate complex under the condition that the diffusing fluorine atom is attached to isolated XeF(2) at temperatures 20 KT27 K. Subsequent thermally activated conversion in the complex is the main source of novel xenon-containing radical species (*)XeF(3). The rate constant and energy barrier are estimated for the reaction in an argon cage, [XeF(2)-F] --(K(r)) [XeF(3)], as K(r) approximately 7 x 10(-5) c(-1) at 27 K and E approximately 1.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal that radical (*)XeF(3) has a planar C(2v) structure. DFT calculations show that formation of the third Xe-F bond in the (*)XeF(3) radical is exothermic, and the binding energy of the third Xe-F bond is 8-20 kcal/mol.
Published: 2009

27. EPR spectroscopy of quintet 4-amino-3,5-dichloropyridine-2,6-diyldinitrene isolated in solid argon

Author: Alexander V. Akimov, Sergei V. Chapyshev, V. F. Lavitskii, and E. Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Argon, Spin states, Chemistry, Nitrene, Photodissociation, Matrix isolation, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, law.invention, Magnetic field, law, Molecule, Atomic physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: An EPR spectrum of solid Ar isolated quintet 4-amino-3,5-dichloropyridin-2,6-diyldinitrene that formed by the photolysis of 4-amino-2,6-diazido-3,5-dichloropyridine at 15 K was recorded. Using computer simulation based on numerical diagonalization of the quintet spin Hamiltonian matrices, it was established that this EPR spectrum corresponds to a quintet spin state with the magnetic parameters g = 2.0023, |D q| = 0.2100 cm−1, and |E q| = 0.0560 cm−1. Owing to high resolution of the experimental spectrum, the zero-field splitting parameters of the quintet intermediate were determined to an accuracy of at least 5·10−4 cm−1. Calculations of the fine-structure energy levels in external magnetic field and the dependences of the EPR signal positions and intensities of the quintet dinitrene on the direction of external magnetic field were performed for the first time. This allowed unambiguous assignment of all EPR lines of quintet molecules having both in-principal-axis and off-principal-axis orientations.
Published: 2007

28. Reactions of photogenerated fluorine atoms with contaminant molecules trapped in solid argon 5. EPR spectroscopy of FC60 · radical in solid argon

Author: E. Ya. Misochko, Alexander V. Akimov, Daniil A. Tyurin, and Vasilii A. Belov
Subjects: Argon, Fullerene, Radical, Electron shell, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Molecular physics, law.invention, chemistry, Computational chemistry, law, Molecule, Anisotropy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Cryochemistry
Abstract: Reactions of photogenerated fluorine atoms with C60 fullerene molecules isolated in solid argon were studied by EPR spectroscopy in the temperature range from 15 to 25 K. Highly resolved anisotropic EPR spectrum of the FC60 ⋅ radical was obtained for the first time. The spectrum is characterized by low anisotropy of the g-tensor and by axially symmetric HFC tensor on 19F nuclei. The parameters of the HFC tensor for 19F magnetic nuclei were determined. The isotropic HFC constant A iso equals 202.8 MHz and the anisotropic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction constant A dip equals 51.8 MHz. Quantum chemical calculations of FC60 ⋅ radical showed that the PBE1/Λ22m method (PBE1 functional and the correlation triple-zeta basis sets augmented with polarization functions on inner atomic shells) provides good agreement between the theoretical magnetic parameters and experimental data. Specific features of the spin density distribution in the FC60 ⋅ radical are discussed.
Published: 2007

29. Modern applications of matrix isolation technique to investigation of radical species generated in atom–molecular chemical reactions

Author: Evgenii Ya. Misochko, Alexander V. Akimov, and Ilya U. Goldschleger
Subjects: Research groups, Hydrogen, Chemistry, Computational chemistry, Atom, Inorganic chemistry, Reactive intermediate, Matrix isolation, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Chemical reaction
Abstract: The potential of using the translational mobility of hydrogen, oxygen and fluorine atoms in the crystals and solid matrices of inert gases for initiating solid-phase cryochemical reactions and for investigating the stabilised intermediate particles generated in these reactions is discussed. The main spectroscopic methods used to study the stabilised particles are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on elucidation of the spectroscopic characteristics required for reliable identification and determination of the structure of new reactive intermediates. Methodological approaches to the solution of this problem are discussed. Examples of successful implementation of these approaches by various research groups are given. The bibliography includes 205 references.
Published: 2003

30. Photochemical Formation and Reaction of Radical Pairs from NH3−F2 Complexes Isolated in Solid Argon

Author: Alexander V. Akimov, Charles A. Wight, Ilia U. Goldschleger, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Argon, chemistry, Infrared, Yield (chemistry), Product (mathematics), Kinetics, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Photochemistry, Recombination
Abstract: Photoinduced reactions in binary NH3−F2 complexes in solid argon are studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Analysis of the IR spectra and kinetics of product formation shows that the main photochemical channel at 355 nm is the formation of [H2N•−HF···F•] radical pairs; the relative initial yield of this product is 0.55. We believe that this is the first observation of this mechanism of radical pair formation (i.e., by escape of one of the F atoms from the initial cage containing the complex). The other major product channels form FH2N−HF and NH−HF−HF complexes in approximately equal amounts. Isotopic substitution experiments using 15NH3 and ND3 aided the assignments of the infrared bands of NH−HF−HF, which is identified for the first time. Thermal recombination of the [H2N•−HF···F•] radical pairs at 20 K yields only the addition product FH2N−HF. However, photoinduced recombination of [H2N•−HF···F•] radical pairs at 633, 532, 355, and 266 nm gives predominantly NH−HF−HF complexes. The relative yield of this second...
Published: 2002

31. HFCN open-shell isomers in solid argon. I. Spectroscopy of the ground and excited states of HFC=N radical

Author: Alexander V. Akimov, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Ilya U. Goldschleger, and Charles A. Wight
Subjects: Amidogen, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, Photochemistry, Spectral line, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Franck–Condon principle, Excited state, symbols, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Ground state, Open shell
Abstract: Fluoromethylene amidogen radicals, HFC=N•, were generated in solid argon by solid-state chemical reactions of mobile F atoms with hydrogen cyanide. Highly resolved infrared and electroparamagnetic resonance spectra of HFC=N• were obtained in the temperature range 15–30 K. All six vibrational frequencies and the complete set of isotropic hyperfine coupling constants on magnetic nuclei 1H, 19F, and 14N were determined experimentally. Calculated spectroscopic characteristics are in excellent agreement with experiments, showing that HFC=N• radical has a planar structure in the ground state. Two electronic absorption transitions were observed in the near-ultraviolet and visible spectral region. The first excited 2A″ state of HFC=N• radical is calculated to have a planar structure very similar to the ground state, and lies 20 726 cm−1 above the ground state [at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory], in good agreement with the experimental value, 20 430 cm−1. The observed Franck–Condon envelope in the laser-induc...
Published: 2002

32. Heavy atom effect on magnetic anisotropy of matrix-isolated monobromine substituted septet trinitrene

Author: Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Sergei V. Chapyshev, Alexander V. Akimov, Artem A. Masitov, and Denis V. Korchagin
Subjects: Bromine, Argon, Chemistry, Ab initio, chemistry.chemical_element, Spectral line, law.invention, Magnetic anisotropy, Matrix (mathematics), law, Molecule, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: The heavy atom effect on the magnetic anisotropy of septet trinitrenes is reported. Septet 1-bromo-3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene (S-1) was generated in a solid argon matrix by ultraviolet irradiation of 1,3,5-triazido-2-bromo-4,6-dichlorobenzene. This trinitrene displays an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum that drastically differs from ESR spectra of all previously studied septet trinitrenes. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, derived from the experimental spectrum, show the parameter |D| = 0.1237 cm(-1) and the unprecedentedly large ratio of E/D = 0.262 that is close to the rhombic limit E/D = 1/3 for high-spin molecules. The CASCI (based on state-averaged CASSCF) and DFT methods were applied to calculate the ZFS tensor focusing on the heavy (bromine) atom effects on the spin-orbit term. These calculations show that the multiconfigurational ab initio formalism and the CASCI method are the most successful for accurate predictions of the spin-orbit term in the ZFS tensor of high-spin nitrenes containing heavy bromine atoms. Due to the presence of the bromine atom in S-1, the contribution of the spin-orbit term to the total parameter D is dominant and responsible for the unusual orientation of the easy Z-axis lying in the molecular plane perpendicular to the C-Br bond. As a result, the principal values D(XX), D(YY), and D(ZZ) of the total tensor D̂(Tot) have such magnitudes and signs for which the ratio E/D is close to the rhombic limit, and the total parameter D is large in magnitude and positive in sign.
Published: 2014

33. Infrared and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of 2-C2H2F and 1-C2H2F Radicals Isolated in Solid Argon

Author: Charles A. Wight, Alexander V. Akimov, E. Ya. Misochko, and Ilya U. Goldschleger
Subjects: Materials science, Radical, Photodissociation, Infrared spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Acetylene, chemistry, Deuterium, law, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Hyperfine structure, Spectroscopy, Cryochemistry
Abstract: 2-fluorovinyl radicals were generated in solid argon by solid-state chemical reactions of mobile F atoms with acetylene and its deuterated analogues. Highly resolved EPR spectra of the stabilized radicals CHFdbond;(*)CH, CDFdbond;(*)CD, CHFdbond;(*)CD, and CDFdbond;(*)CH were obtained for the first time. The observed spectra were assigned to cis-2-fluorovinyl radical based on excellent agreement between the measured (a(F) = 6.50, a(betaH) = 3.86, a(alphaH) = 0.25 mT) hyperfine constants and those calculated using density functional (B3LYP) theory. Analogous experiments carried out using infrared spectroscopy yielded a complete assignment of the vibrational frequencies. An unusual reversible photochemical conversion is observed in which cis-2-fluorovinyl radicals can be partially converted to 1-fluorovinyl radicals by pulsed laser photolysis at 532 nm. Photolysis at 355 nm converts 1-fluorovinyl back to cis-2-fluorovinyl. High-resolution EPR and infrared spectra of 1-fluorovinyl were obtained for the first time. The measured hyperfine constants (a(F) = 13.71, a(H1) = 4.21, a(H2) = 1.16 mT) are in good agreement with calculated values. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Published: 2001

34. [Untitled]

Author: E. Ya. Misochko, Charles A. Wight, Alexander V. Akimov, and Ilya U. Goldschleger
Subjects: Argon, chemistry, Radical, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, Molecule, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Hyperfine structure, Spectral line, Cryochemistry
Abstract: Reactions of mobile fluorine atoms with C2H2, C2D2, and C2HD molecules in solid argon were studied by ESR and IR spectroscopic techniques. Highly resolved ESR spectra of the stabilized radicals CHF=·CH, CDF=·CD, CHF=·CD, and CDF=·CH were obtained for the first time. Isotropic hyperfine constants on fluorine and proton nuclei were measured. It was found that the radicals formed in the reaction F + C2H2 correspond to the cis-β-C2H2F· isomer. A comparison of the measured HFC constants with the values calculated by modern quantum-chemical methods allows the identification of the isomeric form of the radical, whereas vibrational analysis of the IR absorption spectra gives unreliable results. The calculation of the energy of the radical isomers predicts that cis-β-C2H2F· is more stable than trans-β-C2H2F· by ∼1.0 kJ mol–1.
Published: 2001

35. Infrared and EPR spectroscopic study of open-shell reactive intermediates: F+NH3 in solid argon

Author: E. Ya. Misochko, Alexander V. Akimov, Ilya U. Goldschleger, and Charles A. Wight
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Infrared, Binding energy, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, law.invention, Isotopomers, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, Physical chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Open shell, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: Mobile F atoms react with NH3 molecules in an argon matrix at temperatures T=7–35 K. The open-shell NH2–HF complex was observed by EPR and infrared spectroscopies as the main product of this reaction. The hyperfine constants of the NH2–HF complex aN=1.20 mT, aH=2.40 mT, and aF=0.70 mT were determined from the EPR spectra of samples using NH3, 15NH3 and ND3 isotopomers. Prominent features of the infrared spectrum of NH2–HF are a strongly red-shifted HF stretching mode (Δv≈−720 cm−1 relative to that for isolated HF) and strong absorptions at 791 and 798 cm−1 attributed to HF librational modes in the complex. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the hydrogen-bonded NH2–HF complex has a planar C2v structure and a binding energy of 51 kJ/mol. Calculated hyperfine constants and vibrational frequencies of the complex are in good agreement with those observed in the EPR and IR experiments.
Published: 2000

36. Reactions of photogenerated fluorine atoms with molecules trapped in solid argon

Author: E. Ya. Misochko, Alexander V. Akimov, and I. U. Gol'dshleger
Subjects: Argon, Binding energy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Hydrogen atom, Spectral line, law.invention, chemistry, law, Fluorine, Molecule, Physical chemistry, Atomic physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Cryochemistry
Abstract: Isolated radicals.NH2 and radical-molecule complexes.NH2−HF, which are products of the reactions of mobile fluorine atoms with NH3 molecules in solid argon, were identified by EPR spectroscopy. The isotropic HFC constants of the complex (a N=1.20,a H=2.40, anda F=0.70 mT) were determined experimentally. The constant of isotropic HFC with the nucleus of hydrogen atom of the HF molecule is less than 0.1 mT. This assignment was confirmed in the experiments on isotope substitution of atoms (H→D),14N→15N) in the NH3 molecule. According to quantum-chemical calculations, the free complex.NH2−HF has a planar structure withC 2, summetry and a binding energy of 12 kcal mol−1. Optimization of the arrangement of the complex in the crystal showed that its structure is only slightly distorted in the Ar lattice so that the equilibrium configuration is close to that obtained from gas-phase calculations. Different ratios of relative intensities of the proton triplet lines in the EPR spectra of isolated.NH2 radicals and.NH2−HF complexes were qualitatively explained by different heights of the barriers to rotation of the NH2 fragment in the Ar lattice.
Published: 2000

37. EPR spectroscopy of the radical–molecular complex NH2–HF formed in low temperature chemical reaction of fluorine atoms with NH3 molecules trapped in solid argon

Author: Alexander V. Akimov, Ilya U. Goldschleger, and E. Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Photodissociation, Crystal structure, Chemical reaction, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, law, Physical chemistry, Molecule, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: Chemical reactions of F atoms with NH3 molecules in a solid argon matrix were studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Fluorine atoms were generated by UV photolysis of F2 molecules in dilute solutions of F2 and NH3 in solid Ar. To distinguish reactions of photogenerated translationally excited F atoms (at 15 K) from reactions of diffusing thermal F atoms (at T>20 K ) experiments were conducted at different temperatures. The radical–molecular complex NH2–HF is observed for the first time as an intermediate product in reactions involving both types of F atoms. The hyperfine (hf) constants of the NH2–HF complex: a N =1.20 mT , a H =2.40 mT , and a F =0.70 mT , were determined from analysis of EPR spectra in isotopic substituted samples ( 14 N → 15 N , and H→D). The performed calculations revealed that complex NH2–HF has a planar C2v structure and a binding energy of 12.3 kcal/mol. Optimisation of arrangement of the complex in an argon lattice shows that the complex suffers a minor distortion in crystalline lattice relative to its equilibrium geometry in a gas phase. Calculated hf constants of the complex are in good agreement with those observed in EPR experiments.
Published: 2000

38. Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of the Stabilized Intermediate Complex FO3 Formed by Reaction of Mobile Fluorine Atoms with Ozone Molecules Trapped in an Argon Matrix

Author: Charles A. Wight, and Alexander V. Akimov, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Argon, Chemistry, Radical, Photodissociation, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecule, Infrared spectroscopy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), Photochemistry, Chemical reaction
Abstract: Chemical reaction of F atoms with O3 molecules in a solid argon matrix was studied with FTIR spectroscopy. Fluorine atoms were generated by UV photolysis of F2 molecules in dilute solutions of F2 and O3 in solid argon. The FO−O2 complex is observed for the first time as an intermediate product by reaction of mobile F atoms with isolated ozone molecules. The observed complex is characterized by two intense absorption bands at 1522 and 968 cm-1. Use of isotopic mixtures 16O/18O provides strong evidence for assignment of these bands to the O−O stretch and F−O stretch fundamentals of the complex, which are red-shifted by 34 and 61 cm-1, respectively, from the corresponding values for O2 and FO. Photolysis at 532 nm leads to decay of the FO−O2 complexes and to the appearance of isolated free FO radicals.
Published: 1999

39. Endothermic Formation of a Chemical Bond by Entropic Stabilization: Difluoronitroxide Radical in Solid Argon

Author: Ilya U. Goldschleger, Alexander V. Akimov, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, and Alexander I. Boldyrev, and Charles A. Wight
Subjects: Argon, Chemistry, Thermodynamics, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Endothermic process, Catalysis, symbols.namesake, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chemical bond, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, symbols, Physical chemistry, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics::Chemical Physics, van der Waals force, Dynamic equilibrium
Abstract: Difluoronitroxide radical (F2NO) has been formed in solid argon matrices by successive addition of two diffusing F atoms to NO. This radical exists in dynamic equilibrium with a van der Waals compl...
Published: 1998

40. High selectivity of fluorine atom addition to the asymmetric chemical bonds of C70 fullerene

Author: Eugenii Ya. Misochko, Dmitry N. Laikov, Alexander V. Akimov, Vasilii A. Belov, and Daniil A. Tyurin
Subjects: Chemistry, Stereochemistry, High selectivity, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Spectral line, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Chemical bond, law, C70 fullerene, Atom, Fluorine, Structural isomer, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: New assignment of EPR spectra of low-temperature F + C 70 reaction products shows an unexpectedly high selectivity of the addition of the F atom to the asymmetric C=C bonds of C 70 to form three C 70 F regioisomers only among the five possible ones.
Published: 2007

41. Addition reactions of translationally hot fluorine atoms as a probe of long-range migration in crystalline argon: F+CO

Author: Charles A. Wight, Alexander V. Akimov, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Argon, Chemistry, Radical, Doping, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Chemical vapor deposition, Excited state, Yield (chemistry), Fluorine, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics
Abstract: Reactions of F atoms were studied in freestanding crystals (FSC) of argon doped with F2 and CO. Laser photolysis of the F2 at 355 nm produces stabilized FCO radicals by addition of translationally excited F atoms to isolated CO molecules. The yield of FCO in FSC is more than ten times higher than observed previously in F2:CO:Ar matrices prepared by vapor deposition. The difference is attributed to a mean migration length for translationally hot F atoms of at least 8 nm in FSC compared with ∼0.7 nm in vapor-deposited argon matrices, which have a high density of lattice defects.
Published: 1998

42. Migration of translationally excited fluorine atoms in solid argon and their reactions with small guest molecules

Author: Charles A. Wight, Alexander V. Akimov, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Argon, chemistry, Excited state, Radical, Atom, Photodissociation, Fluorine, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Photochemistry
Abstract: Solid state reactions of photogenerated F atoms with CO and O2 molecules were studied in dilute mixtures of F2 + CO and F2 + O2 in solid argon by infrared spectroscopy. UV laser photolysis of F2 at 16 K produces high yields of stabilized FCO and FO2 radicals. Spectral and kinetic analysis reveals that formation of radicals occurs by reaction of translationally excited F atoms with isolated CO or O2 molecules. Analysis of the photochemical yields of the radicals shows that the average distance traveled by each translationally hot F atom is at least 1.4 nm (3–4 argon lattice periods).
Published: 1997

43. Reactions of photogenerated fluorine atoms with dopant molecules in solid argon

Author: E. Ya. Misochko, A. V. Benderskii, A. U. Goldshleger, V.A. Benderskii, Alexander V. Akimov, and Charles A. Wight
Subjects: Argon, Dopant, Chemistry, Photodissociation, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecule, General Chemistry, Photochemistry
Published: 1997

44. Reaction of photogenerated fluorine atoms with dopant molecules in solid argon

Author: Charles A. Wight, A. V. Benderskii, Alexander V. Akimov, A. U. Goldshleger, E. Ya. Misochko, and V.A. Benderskii
Subjects: Reaction rate constant, Argon, chemistry, Dopant, Photodissociation, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, Physical chemistry, Molecule, General Chemistry, Activation energy, Photochemistry, Cryochemistry
Abstract: The products of reactions of dopant CH4 molecules with F atoms diffusing in solid argon at 20–30 K were identified by ESR and FTIR spectroscopy. The F atoms stabilized in the matrix were generated by UV photolysis of Ar−CH4(CD4)−F (1000∶1∶1) samples at 13 K. Subsequent heating above 20 K results in thawing off diffusion of the F atoms and formation of products of their reaction with CH4: radical-molecular complexes·CH3−HF (·CD3−DF) and radicals·CH3 (·CD3). The ESR spectra of the radicala are similar to those observed for matrix-isolated·CH3. The·CH3−HF complexes are characterized by the IR band of HF stetching vibration at 3764 cm−1. Two additional splittings on the H (a H·=2 G) and F(a F=16G) nuclei of the HF molecule appeal in the ESR spectrum of the complex. The latter splitting is retained in the·CD3−DF complex, whereA D·
Published: 1997

45. Formation of the HHF complex in the reaction of thermal fluorine atoms with hydrogen molecules in solid Ar

Author: Albert U. Goldschleger, E. Ya. Misochko, Alexander V. Akimov, Ilya U. Goldschleger, and V.A. Benderskii
Subjects: Photodissociation, Hydrogen molecule, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, law.invention, Crystal, Crystallography, chemistry, law, Thermal, Fluorine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: The reaction of F atoms with H2 in an Ar matrix was studied with EPR spectroscopy. F2 photolysis produces two well-known doublets of the H atom trapped in different crystal sites. Heating gives rise to an EPR spectrum assigned to the H2F complex (AH = 50.8, AF = 1.85, AH ⩽ 0.15 mT), the formation of which is attributed to the reaction of diffusing thermal Ft atoms with H2. The shape and width of the spectrum of the complex changes drastically with temperature due to the transitions between two stable configurations: A (aF = 3.2 mT, aH ⩽ 3.2 mT) and B (aF = 0.5 mT, aH = 0.4 mT) with an Arrhenius-like dependence of rate (Ea = 80 cal/mol, ω0 ∼ 3 × 1010 s−1).
Published: 1997

46. Reactions of translationally excited and thermal fluorine atoms with CH4and CD4molecules in solid argon

Author: Alexander V. Akimov, A. V. Benderskii, E. Ya. Misochko, Charles A. Wight, Albert U. Goldschleger, and V.A. Benderskii
Subjects: Argon, Photodissociation, General Physics and Astronomy, Methyl radical, chemistry.chemical_element, Reaction intermediate, Activation energy, Photochemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, law, Kinetic isotope effect, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: Solid state reactions of fluorine with methane have been studied by ultraviolet laser photolysis of dilute mixtures of the two reagents in solid argon at 13–30 K. Using a combination of EPR and FTIR spectroscopies, three distinct mechanisms of product formation have been identified. At temperatures below 18 K, product formation is dominated by direct photolysis of F2–CH4 heterodimers, resulting in formation of closed-shell complexes HF–CH3F. A small fraction of reaction intermediate, a nonplanar methyl radical trapped in the reaction cage with HF and F, is also formed. This intermediate decays to product on a time scale of 103 s at 13 K after the photolysis period. Above 20 K, photogenerated F atoms undergo thermally activated diffusion in argon, and they react with isolated CH4 molecules to form CH3–HF complexes. The rate constant for this process is ∼10−25 cm3 s−1 at 20 K, and exhibits an activation energy of 1.7 kcal/mol. A third reaction channel involves reaction of F with CH4 to generate isolated pla...
Published: 1997

47. Matrix isolation ESR spectroscopy and magnetic anisotropy of D3h symmetric septet trinitrenes

Author: Sergei V. Chapyshev, Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, Artem A. Masitov, Sergei M. Aldoshin, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Chemistry, Matrix isolation, General Physics and Astronomy, Molecular physics, Spectral line, law.invention, Paramagnetism, Magnetic anisotropy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Excited state, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: The fine-structure (FS) parameters D of a series of D3h symmetric septet trinitrenes were analyzed theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and compared with the experimental D values derived from ESR spectra. ESR studies show that D3h symmetric septet 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene with D = -0.0957 cm(-1) and E = 0 cm(-1) is the major paramagnetic product of the photolysis of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene in solid argon matrices at 15 K. Trinitrenes of this type display in the powder X-band ESR spectra intense Z1-transition at very low magnetic fields, the position of which allows one to precisely calculate the parameter D of such molecules. Thus, our revision of the FS parameters of well-known 1,3,5-tricyano-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene [E. Wasserman, K. Schueller, and W. A. Yager, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2, 259 (1968)] shows that this trinitrene has [line]D[line] = 0.092 cm(-1) and E = 0 cm(-1). DFT calculations reveal that, unlike C2v symmetric septet trinitrenes, D3h symmetric trinitrenes have the same orientations of the spin-spin coupling tensor D[^]SS and the spin-orbit coupling tensor D[^]SOC and, as a result, have negative signs for both the DSS and DSOC values. The negative magnetic anisotropy of septet 2,4,6-trinitrenobenzenes is considerably strengthened on introduction of heavy atoms in the molecules, owing to an increase in contributions of various excitation states to the DSOC term.
Published: 2013

48. High-spin organic molecules with dominant spin-orbit contribution and unprecedentedly large magnetic anisotropy

Author: I. K. Yakushchenko, Artem A. Masitov, Denis V. Korchagin, Sergei V. Chapyshev, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, and Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Argon, Condensed matter physics, Magnetic moment, Chemistry, Nitrene, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecular physics, Magnetic anisotropy, Atom, Orbit (dynamics), Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spin (physics)
Abstract: High-spin organic molecules with dominant spin-orbit contribution to magnetic anisotropy are reported. Quintet 4-azido-3,5-dibromopyridyl-2,6-dinitrene (Q-1), quintet 2-azido-3,5-dibromopyridyl-4,6-dinitrene (Q-2), and septet 3,5-dibromopyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene (S-1) were generated in solid argon matrices by ultraviolet irradiation of 2,4,6-triazido-3,5-dibromopyridine. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, derived from electron spin resonance spectra, show unprecedentedly large magnitudes of the parameters D: ∣D(Q1)∣ = 0.289, ∣D(Q2)∣ = 0.373, and ∣D(S1)∣ = 0.297 cm(-1). The experimental ZFS parameters were successfully reproduced by density functional theory calculations, confirming that magnetic anisotropy of high-spin organic molecules can considerably be enhanced by the "heavy atom effect." In bromine-containing high-spin nitrenes, the spin-orbit term is dominant and governs both the magnitude and the sign of magnetic anisotropy. The largest negative value of D among septet trinitrenes is predicted for 1,3,5-trinitrenobenzene bearing three heavy atoms (Br) in positions 2, 4, and 6 of the benzene ring.
Published: 2012

49. Matrix isolation ESR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations on 5-methylhexa-1,2,4-triene-1,3-diyl, a highly delocalized triplet 'hybrid' carbene

Author: Denis V. Korchagin, Alexander V. Akimov, Artem A. Masitov, Konstantin N. Shavrin, and Eugenii Ya. Misochko
Subjects: Spin polarization, Matrix isolation, Ab initio, General Physics and Astronomy, Crystallography, Delocalized electron, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Computational chemistry, Moiety, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Spin (physics), Carbene
Abstract: The ESR spectrum of 5-methylhexa-1,2,4-triene-1,3-diyl (1) was recorded in an argon matrix at 15 K. The derived zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters (D = 0.5054 ± 0.0006 cm(-1) and E = 0.0045 ± 0.0002 cm(-1)) fall between those determined previously for propargylene (2) and vinylcarbene (3). DFT and ab initio (CAS and MRCI) quantum-chemical calculations of the ZFS parameters of 1, 2, and 3 were performed. These calculations indicate that multireference methods are needed to successfully predict ZFS parameters of delocalized carbenes/biradicals such as 1-3. The calculated singly occupied MOs and spin density distributions show that the spin is more delocalized in 1 than in 2 and 3, indicating that 1 is a "hybrid" of the constituent ethynyl- and vinylcarbenes, 2 and 3, respectively. The dominant contribution to the D-value in 1 and 2 is found to result from spin-spin interactions on the C atoms of the propylidene moiety, which is strongly affected by spin polarization. Accurate values for the D-parameter are also predicted for other types of delocalized triplet carbenes such as HC(5)H and HCCN.
Published: 2012

50. EPR and infrared spectra of the HFCN• free radical stabilised in solid argon

Author: Charles A. Wight, Ilya U. Goldschleger, Eugenii Ya. Misochko, and Alexander V. Akimov
Subjects: Argon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, law.invention, law, Atom, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Chemical Physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The HFC=N· radical has been formed by the addition of a mobile F atom to HCN in solid argon.
Published: 2001

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