201 results on '"Alexander Lopez"'
Search Results
2. Cell-in-cell phenomena of intracellular neutrophils in a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
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Gianna Fote, Kamran Urgun, Jordan Davies, Alexander S. Himstead, Kevin Gramajo-Aponte, Alexander Lopez, Frank P.K. Hsu, and William H. Yong
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Glioma ,Brain tumor ,Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ,Phagocytosis ,Case report ,Emperipolesis ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
We describe a case of a young patient with a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) showing unusual cell-in-cell (CiC) phenomena. We observed mostly viable but also necrotic neutrophils engulfed within tumor cells. The recurrent tumor was immunopositive for BRAFV600E mutant protein and showed CDKN2 homozygous deletions typical of PXA. Both genetic alterations were also reported in the original primary tumor. Unlike the original tumor that was GFAP and Olig-2 immunopositive, the recurrent neoplasm was largely negative for GFAP and Olig-2 suggesting dedifferentiation. The large malignant cells that contained the neutrophils were negative for histiocytic and lymphohematopoietic markers. Whereas CDKN2 homozygous deletion is common in PXA, its presence is rare in histiocytic neoplasms. Both reactive astrocytes and glial neoplasms very rarely may engulf neutrophils in a process resembling emperipolesis or cellular cannibalism. Future work may clarify which type of CiC pathway is involved.
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- 2024
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3. PMS2CL interference leading to erroneous identification of a pathogenic PMS2 variant in Black patients
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Jacqueline Cappadocia, Lisa B. Aiello, Michael J. Kelley, Bryson W. Katona, Kara N. Maxwell, Anurag Verma, Ph.D., Shefali S. Verma, Ph.D., Yuki Bradford, M.S., Ashlei Brock, Stephanie DerOhannessian, Scott Dudek, M.S., Joseph Dunn, Theodore Drivas, M.D., Ph.D., Ned Haubein, Khadijah Hu-Sain, Renae Judy, Ashley Kloter, Yi-An Ko, Meghan Livingstone, Linda Morrel, Colleen Morse, M.S., Afiya Poindexter, Marjorie Risman, M.S., Teo Tran, Fred Vadivieso, JoEllen Weaver, Daniel J. Rader, M.D., Marylyn D. Ritchie, Ph.D., Michael D. Feldman, M.D., Ph.D., Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, M.S., Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, M.S., Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, M.S., John D. Overton, Ph.D., Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, M.S., Manasi Pradhan, M.S., Kia Manoochehri, B.S., Thomas D. Schleicher, M.S., Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, M.S., Ricardo H. Ulloa, B.S., Amelia Averitt, Ph.D., Nilanjana Banerjee, Ph.D., Michael Cantor, M.D., Dadong Li, Ph.D., Sameer Malhotra, M.D., Deepika Sharma, MHI, Jeffrey Staples, Ph.D., Xiaodong Bai, Ph.D., Suganthi Balasubramanian, Ph.D., Suying Bao, Ph.D., Boris Boutkov, Ph.D., Siying Chen, Ph.D., Gisu Eom, B.S., Lukas Habegger, Ph.D., Alicia Hawes, B.S., Shareef Khalid, Olga Krasheninina, M.S., Rouel Lanche, B.S., Adam J. Mansfield, B.A., Evan K. Maxwell, Ph.D., George Mitra, B.A., Mona Nafde, M.S., Sean O’Keeffe, Ph.D., Max Orelus, B.B.A., Razvan Panea, Ph.D., Tommy Polanco, B.A., Ayesha Rasool, M.S., Jeffrey G. Reid, Ph.D., William Salerno, Ph.D., Jeffrey C. Staples, Ph.D., Kathie Sun, Ph.D., Goncalo Abecasis, D.Phil., Joshua Backman, Ph.D., Amy Damask, Ph.D., Lee Dobbyn, Ph.D., Manuel Allen Revez Ferreira, Ph.D., Arkopravo Ghosh, M.S., Christopher Gillies, Ph.D., Lauren Gurski, B.S., Eric Jorgenson, Ph.D., Hyun Min Kang, Ph.D., Michael Kessler, Ph.D., Jack Kosmicki, Ph.D., Alexander Li, Ph.D., Nan Lin, Ph.D., Daren Liu, M.S., Adam Locke, Ph.D., Jonathan Marchini, Ph.D., Anthony Marcketta, M.S., Joelle Mbatchou, Ph.D., Arden Moscati, Ph.D., Charles Paulding, Ph.D., Carlo Sidore, Ph.D., Eli Stahl, Ph.D., Kyoko Watanabe, Ph.D., Bin Ye, Ph.D., Blair Zhang, Ph.D., Andrey Ziyatdinov, Ph.D., Ariane Ayer, B.S., Aysegul Guvenek, Ph.D., George Hindy, Ph.D., Giovanni Coppola, M.D., Jan Freudenberg, M.D., Jonas Bovijn, M.D., Katherine Siminovitch, M.D., Kavita Praveen, Ph.D., Luca A. Lotta, M.D., Manav Kapoor, Ph.D., Mary Haas, Ph.D., Moeen Riaz, Ph.D., Niek Verweij, Ph.D., Olukayode Sosina, Ph.D., Parsa Akbari, Ph.D., Priyanka Nakka, Ph.D., Sahar Gelfman, Ph.D., Sujit Gokhale, B.E., Tanima De, Ph.D., Veera Rajagopal, Ph.D., Alan Shuldiner, M.D., Gannie Tzoneva, Ph.D., Juan Rodriguez-Flores, Ph.D., Esteban Chen, M.S., Marcus B. Jones, Ph.D., Michelle G. LeBlanc, Ph.D., Jason Mighty, Ph.D., Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Ph.D., Nirupama Nishtala, Ph.D., Nadia Rana, Ph.D., Jaimee Hernandez, Goncalo Abecasis, PhD, Aris Baras, M.D., Andrew Deubler, Aris Economides, Ph.D., and Luca A. Lotta, M.D., Ph.D.
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PMS2 ,germline genetic testing ,Lynch syndrome ,PMS2CL ,pseudogene interference ,Genetics ,QH426-470 ,Medicine - Abstract
This study investigates the frequency of a clinically reported variant in PMS2, NM_000535.7:c.2523G>A p.(W841∗), from next-generation sequencing studies in 2 racially diverse cohorts. We identified clinical reports of the PMS2 c.2523G>A p.(W841∗) variant in the National Precision Oncology Program’s somatic testing database (n = 25,168). We determined frequency of the variant in germline exome sequencing from the Penn Medicine BioBank (n = 44,256) and in gnomAD. The PMS2 c.2523G>A p.(W841∗) was identified as a homozygous variant on tumor testing in an adult patient of self-identified Black race/ethnicity with no evidence of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency. The variant was clinically reported on 35 total tumor and liquid biopsy tests (0.1%), and all individuals with the variant were of self-identified Black race/ethnicity (0.6% of n = 5787). In individuals of African genetic ancestry (AFR), the variant's germline frequency was reported to be 0.2% and 1.3% in the Penn Medicine BioBank (PMBB) and gnomAD, respectively. The variant cannot be found in any individuals of European genetic ancestry (EUR) from either of the databases. The variant is found in a region of PMS2 with 100% homology to the PMS2CL pseudogene. PMS2 c.2523G>A p.(W841∗), when identified, is typically an African-ancestry-specific PMS2CL pseudogene variant, which should be recognized to prevent misdiagnosis of Lynch syndrome in Blacks.
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- 2024
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4. Comparison of CT-Guided needle biopsy versus percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage in pathogen identification and pain outcomes for spondylodiscitis patients: A systematic review and literature review
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Nischal Acharya, Joshua S. Kurtz, Kylie T. Callan, Gabrielle E.A. Hovis, Scarlett R.K. Mar, Alexander Lopez, Alvin Y. Chan, Hao-Hua Wu, Sohaib Z. Hashmi, Nitin N. Bhatia, and Michael Y. Oh
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Spondylodiscitis ,Vertebral osteomyelitis ,Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage ,PEDD ,CT-Guided needle biopsy ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Introduction: Spondylodiscitis (SD) is an infection of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies. Diagnostic tests with CT-guided biopsy only provide a positive yield in 14%–48% of cases. Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage (PEDD) has recently shown promise in the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Research question: The purpose of this study is to determine differences in pathogen identification and clinical outcomes for PEDD versus CT-guided needle biopsy in SD patients. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PRISMA guidelines to determine differences in positive microbiology results, perioperative complications, pain control, and long-term clinical outcomes for PEDD vs. CT-guided needle biopsy in SD patients. Results: 1078 studies were evaluated, 87 of which underwent full review. 15 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 7 PEDD, 7 CT-guided biopsy, and 1 CT-guided biopsy vs. PEDD article, for a total of 192 PEDD patients and 604 CT-guided biopsy patients. We found 36.59% of CT-guided biopsy patients had positive microbiology results, compared to 84.38% of PEDD patients. No major perioperative complications occurred as a result of the PEDD procedure. Of the five PEDD studies that reported pain outcomes, greater than 80% of patients experienced relief after intervention. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggest that PEDD may improve pathogen identification while simultaneously reducing pain compared to CT-guided needle biopsy in SD. Although current treatment guidelines recommend CT-guided biopsy, in patients with severe back pain and suspected SD, PEDD can be considered an alternative intervention.
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- 2024
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5. Metagenomic analysis of plant viruses in tropical fresh and wastewater
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Alexander Lopez‐Roblero, David José Martínez Cano, Elia Diego‐García, Griselda Karina Guillén‐Navarro, Pavel Iša, and Eugenia Zarza
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freshwater ,metagenomic ,tobamovirus ,viral ecology ,wastewater ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract Due to considerable losses in the agricultural sector, phytopathogenic viruses are of significant economic importance. Several phytopathogenic viruses have been detected in water bodies. These can be transmitted to their hosts through water contact. However, relatively few studies concentrate on the presence and impact of plant‐infecting viruses in water environments. In the present study, we used a metagenomic approach to determine viral phytopathogen diversity in wastewater, freshwater, and sludge from the southernmost tropical region in Mexico. We detected 15 different phytopathogenic viruses that belonged to the family Virgaviridae, genus Tobamovirus. Pepper mild mottle virus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus, and tropical soda apple mosaic virus had the highest number of reads. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein (CP) amino acid sequence revealed a close relationship between the solanaceous plant‐infecting viruses and the reference sequences found in GenBank. On the other hand, the CP amino acid sequence of Fabaceae and Cucurbitaceae‐infecting viruses did not show such a close relationship when compared with GenBank reference sequences. These results suggested that detected viral sequences could originate from new strains or species of local viruses likely from the consumption of locally cultivated produce, whereas those infecting solanaceous plants might come from consumption of processed or imported food to Mexico. The prevalence of a high diversity of plant viruses in wastewater and rivers and their potential infectivity raise concerns about the use of contaminated freshwater and wastewater in agriculture in Mexico.
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- 2024
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6. Valorisation of Sub-Products from Pyrolysis of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Waste: Catalytic Recovery of Chemicals from Liquid and Gas Phases
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Esther Acha, Naia Gastelu, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, and Blanca María Caballero
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pyrolysis ,carbon fibre-reinforced plastics ,recycling ,catalyst ,hydrogen ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Waste carbon fibre-reinforced plastics were recycled by pyrolysis followed by a thermo-catalytic treatment in order to achieve both fibre and resin recovery. The conventional pyrolysis of this waste produced unusable gas and hazardous liquid streams, which made necessary the treatment of the pyrolysis vapours. In this work, the vapours generated from pyrolysis were valorised thermochemically. The thermal treatment of the pyrolysis vapours was performed at 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C, and the catalytic treatment was tested at 700 °C and 800 °C with two Ni-based catalysts, one commercial and one homemade over a non-conventional olivine support. The catalysts were deeply characterised, and both had low surface area (99 m2/g and 4 m2/g, respectively) with low metal dispersion. The thermal treatment of the pyrolysis vapours at 900 °C produced high gas quantity (6.8 wt%) and quality (95.5 vol% syngas) along with lower liquid quantity (13.3 wt%) and low hazardous liquid (92.1 area% water). The Ni–olivine catalyst at the lowest temperature, 700 °C, allowed us to obtain good gas results (100% syngas), but the liquid was not as good (only 58.4 area% was water). On the other hand, the Ni commercial catalyst at 800 °C improved both the gas and liquid phases, producing 6.4 wt% of gas with 93 vol% of syngas and 13.6 wt% of liquid phase with a 97.5 area% of water. The main reaction mechanisms observed in the treatment of pyrolysis vapours were cracking, dry and wet reforming and the Boudouard reaction.
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- 2024
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7. Combined treatment with Sigma1R and A2AR agonists fails to inhibit cocaine self-administration despite causing strong antagonistic accumbal A2AR-D2R complex interactions: the potential role of astrocytes
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Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Alexander Lopez-Salas, Karolina Wydra, Marco Bartolini, Zilong Zhou, Malgorzata Frankowska, Agata Suder, Javier Benitez-Porres, Wilber Romero-Fernandez, Malgorzata Filip, and Kjell Fuxe
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A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes ,allosteric receptor-receptor interactions ,cocaine use disorder ,monoamine stabilizer ,G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ,oligomerization ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that acute treatment with the monoamine stabilizer OSU-6162 (5 mg/kg), which has a high affinity for Sigma1R, significantly increased the density of accumbal shell D2R-Sigma1R and A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes following cocaine self-administration. Ex vivo studies using the A2AR agonist CGS21680 also suggested the existence of enhanced antagonistic accumbal A2AR-D2R allosteric interactions after treatment with OSU-6162 during cocaine self-administration. However, a 3-day treatment with OSU-6162 (5 mg/kg) failed to alter the behavioral effects of cocaine self-administration. To test these results and the relevance of OSU-6162 (2.5 mg/kg) and/or A2AR (0.05 mg/kg) agonist interactions, we administered low doses of receptor agonists during cocaine self-administration and assessed their neurochemical and behavioral effects. No effects were observed on cocaine self-administration; however, marked and highly significant increases using the proximity ligation assay (PLA) were induced by the co-treatment on the density of the A2AR-D2R heterocomplexes in the nucleus accumbens shell. Significant decreases in the affinity of the D2R high- and low-affinity agonist binding sites were also observed. Thus, in low doses, the highly significant neurochemical effects observed upon cotreatment with an A2AR agonist and a Sigma1R ligand on the A2AR-D2R heterocomplexes and their enhancement of allosteric inhibition of D2R high-affinity binding are not linked to the modulation of cocaine self-administration. The explanation may be related to an increased release of ATP and adenosine from astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens shell in cocaine self-administration. This can lead to increased activation of the A1R protomer in a putative A1R-A2AR-D2R complex that modulates glutamate release in the presynaptic glutamate synapse. We hypothesized that the integration of changes in presynaptic glutamate release and postjunctional heteroreceptor complex signaling, where D2R plays a key role, result in no changes in the firing of the GABA anti-reward neurons, resulting in no reduction in cocaine self-administration in the present experiments.
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- 2023
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8. A Preliminary Study on the Use of Highly Aromatic Pyrolysis Oils Coming from Plastic Waste as Alternative Liquid Fuels
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Asier Asueta, Laura Fulgencio-Medrano, Rafael Miguel-Fernández, Jon Leivar, Izotz Amundarain, Ana Iruskieta, Sixto Arnaiz, Jose Ignacio Gutiérrez-Ortiz, and Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea
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pyrolysis ,WEEE plastics ,feedstock recycling ,plastic waste ,thermal decomposition ,alternative fuels ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
In this work, the low-temperature pyrolysis of a real plastic mixture sample collected at a WEEE-authorised recycling facility has been investigated. The sample was pyrolysed in a batch reactor in different temperature and residence time conditions and auto-generated pressure by following a factorial design, with the objective of maximising the liquid (oil) fraction. Furthermore, the main polymers constituting the real sample were also pyrolysed in order to understand their role in the generation of oil. The pyrolysis oils were characterised and compared with commercial fuel oil number 6. The results showed that in comparison to commercial fuel oil, pyrolysis oils coming from WEEE plastic waste had similar heating values, were lighter and less viscous and presented similar toxicity profiles in fumes of combustion.
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- 2023
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9. The oxytocin receptor represents a key hub in the GPCR heteroreceptor network: potential relevance for brain and behavior
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Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Cristina Cuesta-Marti, Alexander Lopez-Salas, Barbara Chruścicka-Smaga, Minerva Crespo-Ramírez, Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz, Daniel A. Palacios-Lagunas, Miguel Perez de la Mora, Harriët Schellekens, and Kjell Fuxe
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G protein-coupled receptors ,oligomerization ,heteroreceptor complexes ,oxytocin ,dopamine ,ghrelin ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
In the last 10 years, it has become increasingly clear that large numbers of axon collaterals extend from the oxytocin (OXT) hypothalamic axons, especially the parvocellular components, to other brain regions. Consequently, the OXT signaling system forms, like other monoamine axons, a rich functional network across several brain regions. In this manuscript, we review the recently indicated higher order G-protein coupled heteroreceptor complexes of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and how these, via allosteric receptor-receptor interactions modulate the recognition, signaling, and trafficking of the participating receptor protomers and their potential impact for brain and behavior. The major focus will be on complexes of the OXTR protomer with the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protomer and the serotonin 2A (5-HT2AR) and 2C (5-HT2CR) receptor protomers. Specifically, the existence of D2R-OXTR heterocomplexes in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate putamen of rats has led to a postulated function for this heteromer in social behavior. Next, a physical interaction between OXTRs and the growth hormone secretagogue or ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) was demonstrated, which consequently was able to attenuate OXTR-mediated Gαq signaling. This highlights the potential of ghrelin-targeted therapies to modulate oxytocinergic signaling with relevance for appetite regulation, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Similarly, evidence for 5-HT2AR-OXTR heteromerization in the pyramidal cell layer of CA2 and CA3 in the dorsal hippocampus and in the nucleus accumbens shell was demonstrated. This complex may offer new strategies for the treatment of both mental disease and social behavior. Finally, the 5-HT2CR-OXTR heterocomplexes were demonstrated in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus. Future work should be done to investigate the precise functional consequence of region-specific OXTR heteromerization in the brain, as well across the periphery, and whether the integration of neuronal signals in the brain may also involve higher order OXTR-GHS-R1a heteroreceptor complexes including the dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) or serotonin (5-HT) receptor protomers or other types of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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- 2022
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10. Regulatory T Cells as an Escape Mechanism to the Immune Response in Taenia crassiceps Infection
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Laura Adalid-Peralta, Alexander Lopez-Roblero, Cynthia Camacho-Vázquez, Marisol Nájera-Ocampo, Adrián Guevara-Salinas, Nataly Ruiz-Monroy, Marlene Melo-Salas, Valeria Morales-Ruiz, Dina López-Recinos, Edgar Ortiz-Hernández, Jocelyne Demengeot, Joel A. Vazquez-Perez, Asiel Arce-Sillas, Sandra Gomez-Fuentes, Robert Michael Evans Parkhouse, Gladis Fragoso, Edda Sciutto, and Edgar E. Sevilla-Reyes
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Tregs ,parasites ,Taenia crassiceps ,cysticercosis ,susceptibility ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Murine cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps is a model for human neurocysticercosis. Genetic and/or immune differences may underlie the higher susceptibility to infection in BALB/cAnN with respect to C57BL/6 mice. T regulatory cells (Tregs) could mediate the escape of T. crassiceps from the host immunity. This study is aimed to investigate the role of Tregs in T. crassiceps establishment in susceptible and non-susceptible mouse strains. Treg and effector cells were quantified in lymphoid organs before infection and 5, 30, 90, and 130 days post-infection. The proliferative response post-infection was characterized in vitro. The expression of regulatory and inflammatory molecules was assessed on days 5 and 30 post-infection. Depletion assays were performed to assess Treg functionality. Significantly higher Treg percentages were observed in BALB/cAnN mice, while increased percentages of activated CD127+ cells were found in C57BL/6 mice. The proliferative response was suppressed in susceptible mice, and Treg proliferation occurred only in susceptible mice. Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms may include IL-10 and TGFβ secretion, granzyme- and perforin-mediated cytolysis, metabolic disruption, and cell-to-cell contact. Tregs are functional in BALB/cAnN mice. Therefore Tregs could be allowing parasite establishment and survival in susceptible mice but could play a homeostatic role in non-susceptible strains.
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- 2021
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11. Spanish use in the English classroom: a study of Dominican students in an English-only environment
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Alexander Lopez Diaz
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l1, l2, tesol, transfer, second language learning, language learning ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The native language use in the target language classroom has recently gained the attention of second language acquisition research. This study analyzes such issue in the context of Dominican university students, ranging from 18 to 35 years old, studying in an English immersion program, who have been speaking their native language, namely, Spanish too often in their classrooms. This research focuses on identifying the causes for students to use their native language in the class, and their attitude towards both, Spanish and English, by implementing a survey to 37 of these students. To better understand the problem and create potential strategies to address it, firstly, literature has been visited by presenting relevant research related to second language learning and acquisition. Secondly, the methodology is explained so that the research context can be more readily understood. Subsequently, results from surveys are analyzed in the light of current second language acquisition research. As a conclusion, this study revealed that students use their native language primarily when prompted by their partners, when in need of clarification, when unable to understand a concept, and overwhelmingly as a means to making oneself clear. The teaching implications of these findings are also discussed in the end.
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- 2019
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12. Evaluacion de la calidad de la Educacion Superior Politecnica Angolana: un modelo teorico-funcional de autoevaluacion institucional.
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Alexander Lopez Padron, Manuel Octavio Isaac Spinola, and Feliberto Mohar Hernandez
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Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
La presente investigación surge de la necesidad expresada en los documentos normativos del Subsistema de Educacion Superior angolano, de adoptar procesos de autoevaluacion institucional con caracter contextualizado, dinamico y participativo, ajustado a las condiciones historicas concretas del pais. Su objetivo fue diseñar un modelo teorico-funcional de autoevaluacion institucional con su procedimiento de implementacion para el mejoramiento de la calidad de las Instituciones de Educacion Superior Politecnica angolanas, demostrando su validez teorica y practica. Como resultados fundamentales, se destacan la concepcion y diseño del modelo teorico-funcional y su procedimiento de implementacion, asi como su validacion teorica mediante Metodo Delphi y practica mediante la Tecnica de Iadov, que permitieron constatar su validez, factibilidad, viabilidad, operatividad y potencialidad como via para el mejoramiento de la calidad de las Instituciones de Educacion Superior Politecnica angolanas.
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- 2018
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13. On the Road to Sustainable Energy Storage Technologies: Synthesis of Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries from Biowaste
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Nekane Nieto, Olatz Noya, Amaia Iturrondobeitia, Paula Sanchez-Fontecoba, Usue Pérez-López, Verónica Palomares, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, and Teófilo Rojo
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sustainable batteries ,Na-ion battery ,biowaste ,hard carbon ,anode ,Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations ,TK1001-1841 ,Industrial electrochemistry ,TP250-261 - Abstract
Hard carbon is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. In this work, new types of biomass-derived hard carbons were obtained through pyrolysis of different kinds of agro-industrial biowaste (corncob, apple pomace, olive mill solid waste, defatted grape seed and dried grape skin). Furthermore, the influence of pretreating the biowaste samples by hydrothermal carbonization and acid hydrolysis was also studied. Except for the olive mill solid waste, discharge capacities typical of biowaste-derived hard carbons were obtained in every case (≈300 mAh·g−1 at C/15). Furthermore, it seems that hydrothermal carbonization could improve the discharge capacity of biowaste samples derived from different nature at high cycling rates, which are the closest conditions to real applications.
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- 2022
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14. Oil Production by Pyrolysis of Real Plastic Waste
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Laura Fulgencio-Medrano, Sara García-Fernández, Asier Asueta, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, Borja B. Perez-Martinez, and José María Arandes
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chemical recycling ,plastic waste ,industrial rejected streams ,pyrolysis oil ,pyrolysis ,secondary raw materials ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The aim of this paper is for the production of oils processed in refineries to come from the pyrolysis of real waste from the high plastic content rejected by the recycling industry of the Basque Country (Spain). Concretely, the rejected waste streams were collected from (1) a light packaging waste sorting plant, (2) the paper recycling industry, and (3) a waste treatment plant of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The influence of pre-treatments (mechanical separation operations) and temperature on the yield and quality of the liquid fraction were evaluated. In order to study the pre-treatment effect, the samples were pyrolyzed at 460 °C for 1 h. As pre-treatments concentrate on the suitable fraction for pyrolysis and reduce the undesirable materials (metals, PVC, PET, inorganics, cellulosic materials), they improve the yield to liquid products and considerably reduce the halogen content. The sample with the highest polyolefin content achieved the highest liquid yield (70.6 wt.% at 460 °C) and the lowest chlorine content (160 ppm) among the investigated samples and, therefore, was the most suitable liquid to use as refinery feedstock. The effect of temperature on the pyrolysis of this sample was studied in the range of 430–490 °C. As the temperature increased the liquid yield increased and solid yield decreased, indicating that the conversion was maximized. At 490 °C, the pyrolysis oil with the highest calorific value (44.3 MJ kg−1) and paraffinic content (65% area), the lowest chlorine content (128 ppm) and more than 50 wt.% of diesel was obtained.
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- 2022
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15. Combustion of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) Produced from the Polymeric Fraction of Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR)
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Esther Acha, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, Clara Delgado, Lander Martinez-Canibano, Borja Baltasar Perez-Martinez, Adriana Serras-Malillos, Blanca María Caballero, Lucía Unamunzaga, Elena Dosal, Noelia Montes, and Jon Barrenetxea-Arando
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combustion ,automotive shredder residue ,solid recovered fuel ,alternative fuels ,sustainable energy ,waste-to-energy ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The use of alternative fuels derived from residues in energy-intensive industries that rely on fossil fuels can cause considerable energy cost savings, but also significant environmental benefits by conserving non-renewable resources and reducing waste disposal. However, the switching from conventional to alternative fuels is challenging for industries, which require a sound understanding of the properties and combustion characteristics of the alternative fuel, in order to adequately adapt their industrial processes and equipment for its utilization. In this work, a solid recovered fuel (SRF) obtained from the polymeric fraction of an automotive shredder residue is tested for use as an alternative fuel for scrap preheating in an aluminium refinery. The material and chemical composition of the SRF has been extensively characterized using proximate and ultimate analyses, calorific values and thermal degradation studies. Considering the calorific value and the chlorine and mercury contents measured, the SRF can be designated as class code NCV 1; Cl 2; Hg 2 (EN ISO 21640:2021). The combustion of the SRF was studied in a laboratory-scale pilot plant, where the effects of temperature, flow, and an oxidizer were determined. The ash remaining after combustion, the collected liquid, and the generated gas phase were analysed in each test. It was observed that increasing the residence time of the gas at a high temperature allowed for a better combustion of the SRF. The oxidizer type was important for increasing the total combustion of the vapour compounds generated during the oxidation of the SRF and for avoiding uncontrolled combustion.
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- 2021
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16. Secondary Raw Materials from Residual Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites by An Upgraded Pyrolysis Process
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Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, Naia Gastelu, Alberto Jiménez-Suárez, Silvia G. Prolongo, Adriana Serras-Malillos, Esther Acha, and Blanca María Caballero
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carbon fiber-reinforced polymers ,secondary raw materials ,carbon fiber ,recycling ,pyrolysis ,hydrogen ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This paper presents a process where carbon fibers and hydrogen can be recovered simultaneously through a two-stage thermal treatment of an epoxy-carbon fiber composite. For this purpose, some pieces of epoxy resin reinforced with carbon fiber fabrics have been fabricated and, after curing, have been pyrolyzed in an installation consisting of two reactors. In the first one, the thermal decomposition of the resin takes place, and in the second one, the gases and vapors coming from the first reactor are thermally treated. Once this process is completed, the solid generated is oxidized with air to eliminate the resin residues and carbonaceous products from the fibers surface. The recovered carbon fiber fabrics have been reused to make new cured parts and their electrical and mechanical properties have been measured. The results show that it is possible to obtain carbon fiber fabrics that can be processed as they leave the recycling process and that retain 80% of the tensile modulus, 70% of the flexural strength, and 50% of the interlaminar shear strength. At the same time, a gaseous stream with more than 66% by volume of hydrogen can be obtained, reaching a maximum of 81.7%.
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- 2021
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17. Serotonin Heteroreceptor Complexes and Their Integration of Signals in Neurons and Astroglia—Relevance for Mental Diseases
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Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Patrizia Ambrogini, Manuel Narvaez, Valentina Di Liberto, Sarah Beggiato, Luca Ferraro, Ramon Fores-Pons, Jose E. Alvarez-Contino, Alexander Lopez-Salas, Giuseppa Mudò, Zaida Díaz-Cabiale, and Kjell Fuxe
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serotonin receptors ,heteroreceptor complexes ,depression ,astroglia ,receptor tyrosine kinase ,rapid antidepressant drugs ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
The heteroreceptor complexes present a novel biological principle for signal integration. These complexes and their allosteric receptor–receptor interactions are bidirectional and novel targets for treatment of CNS diseases including mental diseases. The existence of D2R-5-HT2AR heterocomplexes can help explain the anti-schizophrenic effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs not only based on blockade of 5-HT2AR and of D2R in higher doses but also based on blocking the allosteric enhancement of D2R protomer signaling by 5-HT2AR protomer activation. This research opens a new understanding of the integration of DA and 5-HT signals released from DA and 5-HT nerve terminal networks. The biological principle of forming 5-HT and other heteroreceptor complexes in the brain also help understand the mechanism of action for especially the 5-HT hallucinogens, including putative positive effects of e.g., psilocybin and the indicated prosocial and anti-stress actions of MDMA (ecstasy). The GalR1-GalR2 heterodimer and the putative GalR1-GalR2-5-HT1 heteroreceptor complexes are targets for Galanin N-terminal fragment Gal (1–15), a major modulator of emotional networks in models of mental disease. GPCR-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) heteroreceptor complexes can operate through transactivation of FGFR1 via allosteric mechanisms and indirect interactions over GPCR intracellular pathways involving protein kinase Src which produces tyrosine phosphorylation of the RTK. The exciting discovery was made that several antidepressant drugs such as TCAs and SSRIs as well as the fast-acting antidepressant drug ketamine can directly bind to the TrkB receptor and provide a novel mechanism for their antidepressant actions. Understanding the role of astrocytes and their allosteric receptor–receptor interactions in modulating forebrain glutamate synapses with impact on dorsal raphe-forebrain serotonin neurons is also of high relevance for research on major depressive disorder.
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- 2021
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18. Impact of the Addition of Pyrolysed Forestry Waste to the Coking Process on the Resulting Green Biocoke
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Jon Solar, Blanca María Caballero, Carmen Barriocanal, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, and Esther Acha
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pinus radiata woodchips ,pyrolysis ,charcoal ,coking process ,biocoke ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
The suitability of the charcoal obtained from woody biomass pyrolysis in a continuous screw reactor at 573, 773, 973, 1173 K temperature profile as fuel and reducing agent in metallurgical applications has been evaluated, in order to reduce the CO2 emissions in these processes. On the one hand, a comparative study between charcoal and commercial reducers has been carried out. On the other hand, different proportions of this charcoal have been added to an industrial coking coal blend and carbonized together in a semi-pilot movable wall oven, to study the influence in the plastic and mechanical properties of the produced biocoke. The charcoal obtained fulfills the requirements to be used as fuel and reducer in non-ferrous processes where no mechanical strength is required, like rotary kilns, in substitution of fossil reducers. Its higher heating value (>32 MJ kg−1) is in the range or over those of fossil coals, with the advantage of not containing polluting elements (S, N) and having less ash. The addition of up to 0.9 wt.% almost does not affect the quality of the biocoke; but the addition of ≥2 wt.% degrades the biocoke mechanical and plastic properties below the demanded requirements. Moreover, biocoke reactivity seems independent of the amount of charcoal added.
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- 2021
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19. Use of a Reforming Catalyst for Hydrogen Production in the Carbonization Process of Torrefied Biomass
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Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, Esther Acha, Aitziber Adrados, Jon Solar, Blanca María Caballero, and Isabel de Marco
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torrefaction ,pyrolysis ,carbonization ,reforming catalyst ,hydrogen ,woody biomass ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The utilization of charcoal from woody biomass is an efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions from the metallurgical industry. The main aim of this work is to study the charcoal production process from torrefied biomass. For this purpose, torrefaction (3 °C min−1, 250 °C, 30 min) and carbonization (3 °C min−1, 750 °C, 30 min) experiments of eucalyptus wood were carried out in a 3.5 L tank reactor. In the carbonization experiments, a thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase was also performed, with the objective of producing less condensates and H2-rich gases. The results show that the torrefaction pre-treatment does not affect the chemical properties of charcoal but significantly improves the performance of the carbonization process, where more than 50 wt% of charcoal is obtained. In addition, the thermal and thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase during the carbonization of torrefied biomass yields better results than in the case of fresh biomass. When torrefied biomass is used as raw material and the reforming catalyst is employed to treat the vapors and gases, a proportion of 71 vol% of H2 in the gases is achieved, together with very low quantities of condensates (8.0 wt%). This allows designing a carbonization process in which, in addition to charcoal, pure H2 can also be produced.
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- 2020
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20. Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
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Naia Gastelu, Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, Jon Solar, Esther Acha, Blanca María Caballero, Félix A. López, and Isabel de Marco
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CFRP ,carbon fiber ,recycling ,pyrolysis ,catalytic reforming ,hydrogen production ,poly(benzoxazine) ,composite ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic treatment of the gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 °C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic treatment of gases and vapors has been performed at 900 °C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal treatment of gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.
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- 2018
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21. How We Teach Grammar: An Exploratory Study on How Dominican Teachers Deal with Grammar Teaching
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Alexander Lopez Diaz, Jesus Martinez, Dariza Jiménez C., Élica Perez, and Virginia Mateo
- Abstract
Grammar teaching is a highly researched area within applied linguistics. Views on what is effective when dealing with grammar shift from approach to approach. Since language teaching is a complex field, research and classroom practice have both challenged commonly held conceptions of what is effective. In fact, methods in English language teaching (ELT) respond to finding what was best in the classroom in accordance to research. Therefore, due to the complexity of grammar and its pedagogy, teachers constantly adopt instructional practices aligned to their beliefs about language learning and teaching. This research analyzes the case of how 5 Dominican teachers address grammar in their contexts, and the results of a survey to 55 teachers about their beliefs on grammar teaching. Research findings suggest that language educators in the Dominican Republic align to traditional practices in grammar teaching, and that teachers' cognition on grammar reflects a limited understanding of the link between grammar accuracy and communicative fluency, resulting in rule-based teaching. Lastly, the study ends with a series of recommendations which may prove helpful to curriculum designers, administrators, and teachers in general.
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- 2019
22. Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bovines of the Department of Boyacá, Colombia/Diagnóstico de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia/Diagnóstico do parasitas gastrointestinais em bovinos do departamento de Boyacá, Colombia
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Pulido-Medellin, Martin-Orlando, Buitrago, Henry-Alexander Lopez, Bulla-Castaneda, Diana-Maria, Carcia-Corredor, Diego-Jose, Diaz-Anaya, Adriana-Maria, Ciraldo-Forero, Julio-Cesar, and Higuera-Piedrahita, Rosa-Isabel
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Proactive Wildfire Detection and Management using AI, ML, and 5G Technology in the United States
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C. Stanley, Okoro, primary, Alexander, Lopez, additional, and O. Austine, Unuriode, additional
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- 2024
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24. A Synergistic Approach to Wildfire Prevention and Management using AI, Machine Learning, and 5G Technology in the United States
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C. Stanley, Okoro, primary, Alexander, Lopez, additional, and O. Austine, Unuriode, additional
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- 2024
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25. The Impact of AI on US Labor Markets
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O. Austine, Unuriode, primary, C. Stanley, Okoro, additional, T. Osariemen, Afolabi, additional, M.Olalekan, Durojaiye, additional, Alexander, Lopez, additional, Y. Babatunde, Yusuf, additional, and J. Mayowa, Akinwande, additional
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- 2024
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26. Anaphylaxis and Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema due to Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction NSTEMI: A Case Report
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Giraldo, Pablo Andrés Pérez, primary, Villareal, Alexander Lopez, additional, Cardozo, Alejandro, additional, and García, Manuel Alejandro, additional
- Published
- 2023
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27. Genetic Susceptibility to Mood Disorders and Risk of Stroke: A Polygenic Risk Score and Mendelian Randomization Study
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Jiangming Sun, Yan Borné, Andreas Edsfeldt, Yunpeng Wang, Mengyu Pan, Olle Melander, Gunnar Engström, Isabel Gonçalves, Goncalo Abecasis, Aris Baras, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Young Hahn, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Ashish Yadav, Marcus B. Jones, and Lyndon J. Mitnaul
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background: Mood disorders and strokes are often comorbid, and their health toll worldwide is huge. This study characterizes prognostic and causal roles of mood disorders in stroke. Methods: We tested if genetic susceptibilities for mood disorders were associated with all strokes, ischemic strokes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (24 631 individuals with a median follow-up of 21.3 (interquartile range: 16.6–23.2) years. We further examined the causal effects for mood disorders on all strokes and ischemic strokes using summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies of mood disorders (up to 609 424 individuals, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium), all strokes and ischemic strokes (up to 446 696 individuals, MEGASTROKE Consortium). Results: Among 24 366 stroke-free participants at baseline, 2632 individuals developed strokes, 2172 of them ischemic, during follow-up. After properly adjusting for well-known risk factors, participants in the highest quintile of polygenic risk scores for mood disorders had 1.45× (95% CI, 1.21–1.74) higher risk of strokes and 1.44× (95% CI, 1.18–1.76) higher risk of ischemic strokes compared with the lowest quintile in women. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested that mood disorders had a causal effect on strokes (odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03–1.11]) and ischemic strokes (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.04–1.13]). Conclusions: Our results suggest a causal role of mood disorders in the risk of stroke. High-risk women could be identified early in life using polygenic risk scores to ultimately prevent mood disorders and strokes.
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- 2023
28. Traumatic Pneumothorax Secondary to Acupuncture Procedure: A Case Report
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Alexander Lopez Villarreal, Pablo-Andres Peréz Giraldo, Alejandro Cardozo, and Manuel-Alejandro Garcia Pareja
- Published
- 2023
29. Expected time to rendezvous in multi-hop cognitive radio networks.
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Liliana Cruz Flores, Vitalio Alfonso Reguera, Erik Ortiz Guerra, David R. Suarez Mora, Fabián Blanco Garrido, and Edgar Alexander Lopez
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- 2017
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30. Metagenomic analysis of plant viruses in tropical fresh and wastewater
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Alexander Lopez‐Roblero, David José Martínez Cano, Elia Diego‐García, Griselda Karina Guillén‐Navarro, Pavel Iša, and Eugenia Zarza
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Ecology ,Genetics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
31. Thrombotic risk determined by rare and common SERPINA1 variants in a population‐based cohort study
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Eric Manderstedt, Christer Halldén, Christina Lind‐Halldén, Johan Elf, Peter J. Svensson, Gunnar Engström, Olle Melander, Aris Baras, Luca A. Lotta, Bengt Zöller, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Kia Manoochehri, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Manasi Pradhan, Thomas D. Schleicher, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Andrew Blumenfeld, Boris Boutkov, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Olga Krasheninina, Rouel Lanche, Adam J. Mansfield, Evan K. Maxwell, Mrunali Nafde, Sean O’Keeffe, Max Orelus, Razvan Panea, Tommy Polanco, Ayesha Rasool, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Jason Mighty, and Lyndon J. Mitnaul
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Aged, 80 and over ,Cohort Studies ,Male ,Genotype ,Case-Control Studies ,alpha 1-Antitrypsin ,alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ,Humans ,Female ,Thrombosis ,Venous Thromboembolism ,Hematology ,Aged - Abstract
Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), phenotype PiZZ, was associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a case-control study.This study aimed to determine the genetic variation in the SERPINA1 gene and a possible thrombotic risk of these variants in a population-based cohort study.The coding sequence of SERPINA1 was analyzed for the Z (rs28929474), S (rs17580), and other qualifying variants in 28,794 subjects without previous VTE (born 1923-1950, 60% women), who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991-1996). Individuals were followed from baseline until the first event of VTE, death, or 2018.Resequencing the coding sequence of SERPINA1 identified 84 variants in the total study population, 21 synonymous, 62 missense, and 1 loss-of-function variant. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that homozygosity for the Z allele increased the risk of VTE whereas heterozygosity showed no effect. The S (rs17580) variant was not associated with VTE. Thirty-one rare variants were qualifying and included in collapsing analysis using the following selection criteria, loss of function, in frame deletion or non-benign (PolyPhen-2) missense variants with minor allele frequency (MAF)0.1%. Combining the rare qualifying variants with the Z variant showed that carrying two alleles (ZZ or compound heterozygotes) showed increased risk. Cox regression analysis revealed an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.5 (95% confidence interval 2.0-10.0) for combinations of the Z variant and rare qualifying variants. One other variant (rs141620200; MAF = 0.002) showed an increased risk of VTE.The SERPINA1 ZZ genotype and compound heterozygotes for severe AATD are rare but associated with VTE in a population-based Swedish study.
- Published
- 2022
32. Diagnóstico de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia
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Martin-Orlando Pulido-Medellin, Henry-Alexander Lopez-Buitrago, Diana-María Bulla-Castañeda, Diego-José García-Corredor, Adriana-María Díaz-Anaya, Julio-Cesar Giraldo-Forero, and Rosa-Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Subjects
helminths ,parasitology ,parasitic diseases ,parasitologia ,General Medicine ,nematodos ,enfermedades parasitarias ,prevalence ,prevalencia ,nematodes ,parasitología ,doenças parasitárias ,nematóides ,prevalência ,helmintos - Abstract
Parasitic diseases are considered to be one of the most prevalent pathologies worldwide. They are characterized as one of the most critical sanitary problems in cattle, causing a decrease in the productive capacity of parasitized animals, which translates into economic losses. Intestinal parasitism in cattle is caused by protozoa and helminths, and its manifestation is generally multi-etiological. Clinical signs in gastrointestinal parasitism may vary depending on parasite load, parasite species, and host immunity. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of the main parasitic families affecting cattle in the central province of the department of Boyacá. A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out, where 716 fecal samples were taken and processed using a modified Ritchie technique. An overall prevalence of 95,6% was determined, and the most prevalent families were Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Taeniidae, and Trichuridae. The age showed no significant statistical association with most of the parasitic families, except for the Strongyloididae family. The breeds showed a correlation with the Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Strongylidae, Chabertiidae, and Taeniidae families. The results show the high prevalence of GIP (gastrointestinal parasites) in cattle of the central province of the department of Boyacá. Resumen Las enfermedades parasitarias son consideradas como una de las patologías más prevalentes alrededor del mundo. Se caracterizan por ser uno de los problemas sanitarios de mayor importancia en los bovinos, causando una disminución en la capacidad productiva de los animales parasitados, lo cual se traduce en pérdidas económicas. El parasitismo gastrointestinal en bovinos es causado por protozoos y helmintos, y generalmente su presentación es multietiológica. Los signos clínicos en el parasitismo gastrointestinal pueden variar dependiendo de la carga parasitaria, la especie parasitaria y la inmunidad del huésped. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de las principales familias parasitarias que afectan a los bovinos de la provincia central del departamento de Boyacá. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple, en el cual se tomaron 716 muestras de materia fecal que fueron procesadas mediante la técnica de Ritchie modificada. Se determinó una prevalencia general de 95,6 %, en donde las familias más prevalentes fueron Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Taeniidae y Trichuridae. La edad no presentó asociación estadística significativa con la mayoría de las familias parasitarias, a excepción de la familia Strongyloididae. La raza mostró asociación con las familias Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Strongylidae, Chabertiidae y Taeniidae. Los resultados muestran una alta prevalencia de PGI (parásitos gastrointestinales) en la provincia central de Boyacá. Resumo As doenças parasitárias são consideradas uma das patologias mais prevalentes em todo o mundo, caracterizam-se por ser um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde dos bovinos, apresentando uma diminuição da capacidade produtiva dos animais parasitados, que se traduzem em perdas econômicas. O parasitismo gastrointestinal em bovinos é causado por protozoários e helmintos e sua apresentação é geralmente multe etiológica. Os sinais clínicos no parasitismo gastrointestinal podem variar dependendo da carga do parasita, da espécie parasitária e da imunidade do hospedeiro. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência das principais famílias de parasitas que afetam o gado na província Central do departamento de Boyacá. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostragem aleatória simples, no qual 716 amostras de fezes foram retiradas e processadas pela técnica de Ritchie modificada. Foi determinada uma prevalência geral de 95,6%, onde as famílias mais prevalentes foram Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Taeniidae e Trichuridae. A idade não apresentou associação estatística significativa com a maioria das famílias de parasitas, com exceção da família Strongyloididae. A raça apresentou associação com as famílias Trichostrongylidae, Eimeriidae, Strongylidae, Chabertiidae e Taeniidae. Os resultados mostram uma alta prevalência de IGP na província central de Boyacá.
- Published
- 2022
33. Traumatic Pneumothorax Secondary to Acupuncture Procedure: A Case Report
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Villarreal, Alexander Lopez, primary, Giraldo, Pablo-Andres Peréz, additional, Cardozo, Alejandro, additional, and Pareja, Manuel-Alejandro Garcia, additional
- Published
- 2023
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34. New Engineering Approach Using State of the Art RSS to Overcome Complex Colombian Foothills and Improving Drilling
- Author
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Juan Manuel Hernandez, Jose Luis Gomez, Alexander Lopez, Fredy Garzon, Manuel Celis, Daniel Montes, and Ivan Gamba
- Abstract
Drilling in Colombian foothills have been a big challenge since BP drilled on this area in 1987, currently operating by Ecopetrol S.A foothill implementing innovative well design and new technologies. This basin has been characterized by its complex geological conditions, structure full of faults and high stresses that make drilling operation a big challenge. New well construction engineering based on thorough offset wells and NPT events analysis in addition to the implementation of lessons learned from previous wells in the area, combined with state-of-the-art rotary steerable system have changed the way of drilling in Colombian foothills field overcoming all the challenges faced in the past. To achieve this success, the following approach was followed: Concatenate well profile to balance dogleg severity to minimize tortuosity to allow running the casing smoothlyInnovative well design to achieve exploration objectives in Cupiagua XD45, a well drilled by Ecopetrol S.A. in 2022.BHA optimization including state-of-the-art rotary steerable system to enhance the drilling performance.Transient finite element simulation for 12 ¼" × 14 ¾" section to determine optimum rotary steerable BHA and underreamer cutting structure configuration to achieve smooth drilling condition and borehole quality. This integrated approach allowed to: Optimize well trajectory design process achieving lower and concatenated dogleg severities driven by formation dips bedding to avoid wellbore instability problemsOptimum BHA design and stabilization to minimize stuck probability and assure an optimal BHA dynamic while drilling the wellMinimize borehole tortuosity using last generation of RSS system to achieve smooth borehole quality enhancing tripping, drilling, and running the surface casing and intermediate liner, improve drilling, tripping and casing run performance.Simulation and technical analysis to choose the proper bit profile and design correct underreamer’s cutters to run on 12 ¼" × 14 ¾" section to deliver good wellbore quality and allow smooth 11 ¾" × 11 7/8" liner. This new well construction engineering approach represent an effective solution to overcome Andean foothill challenges achieving optimum borehole quality and improving drilling performance in complex drilling environment by incorporating state-of-the-art RSS
- Published
- 2023
35. Inference of Causal Relationships Between Genetic Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Phenotypes and Female‐Specific Health Conditions
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Brenda Xiao, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Anastasia Lucas, Theodore Drivas, Kathryn Gray, Brendan Keating, Chunhua Weng, Gail P. Jarvik, Hakon Hakonarson, Leah Kottyan, Noemie Elhadad, Wei‐Qi Wei, Yuan Luo, Dokyoon Kim, Marylyn Ritchie, Shefali Setia Verma, Goncalo Abecasis, Aris Baras, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Andrew Deubler, Aris Economides, Katia Karalis, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Katherine Siminovitch, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Thomas D. Schleicher, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Amelia Averitt, Nilanjana Banerjee, Dadong Li, Sameer Malhotra, Deepika Sharma, Jeffrey Staples, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Suying Bao, Boris Boutkov, Siying Chen, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Olga Krasheninina, Rouel Lanche, Adam J. Mansfield, Evan K. Maxwell, George Mitra, Mona Nafde, Sean O’Keeffe, Max Orelus, Razvan Panea, Tommy Polanco, Ayesha Rasool, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Kathie Sun, Joshua Backman, Amy Damask, Lee Dobbyn, Manuel Allen Revez Ferreira, Arkopravo Ghosh, Christopher Gillies, Lauren Gurski, Eric Jorgenson, Hyun Min Kang, Michael Kessler, Jack Kosmicki, Alexander Li, Nan Lin, Daren Liu, Adam Locke, Jonathan Marchini, Anthony Marcketta, Joelle Mbatchou, Arden Moscati, Charles Paulding, Carlo Sidore, Eli Stahl, Kyoko Watanabe, Bin Ye, Blair Zhang, Andrey Ziyatdinov, Ariane Ayer, Aysegul Guvenek, George Hindy, Jan Freudenberg, Jonas Bovijn, Kavita Praveen, Manav Kapoor, Mary Haas, Moeen Riaz, Niek Verweij, Olukayode Sosina, Parsa Akbari, Priyanka Nakka, Sahar Gelfman, Sujit Gokhale, Tanima De, Veera Rajagopal, Gannie Tzoneva, Juan Rodriguez‐Flores, Shek Man Chim, Valerio Donato, Daniel Fernandez, Giusy Della Gatta, Alessandro Di Gioia, Kristen Howell, Lori Khrimian, Minhee Kim, Hector Martinez, Lawrence Miloscio, Sheilyn Nunez, Elias Pavlopoulos, Trikaldarshi Persaud, Esteban Chen, Marcus B. Jones, Michelle G. LeBlanc, Jason Mighty, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Nirupama Nishtala, and Nadia Rana
- Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic diseases are highly comorbid, but their relationship with female‐specific or overwhelmingly female‐predominant health conditions (breast cancer, endometriosis, pregnancy complications) is understudied. This study aimed to estimate the cross‐trait genetic overlap and influence of genetic burden of cardiometabolic traits on health conditions unique to women. Methods and Results Using electronic health record data from 71 008 ancestrally diverse women, we examined relationships between 23 obstetrical/gynecological conditions and 4 cardiometabolic phenotypes (body mass index, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension) by performing 4 analyses: (1) cross‐trait genetic correlation analyses to compare genetic architecture, (2) polygenic risk score–based association tests to characterize shared genetic effects on disease risk, (3) Mendelian randomization for significant associations to assess cross‐trait causal relationships, and (4) chronology analyses to visualize the timeline of events unique to groups of women with high and low genetic burden for cardiometabolic traits and highlight the disease prevalence in risk groups by age. We observed 27 significant associations between cardiometabolic polygenic scores and obstetrical/gynecological conditions (body mass index and endometrial cancer, body mass index and polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome). Mendelian randomization analysis provided additional evidence of independent causal effects. We also identified an inverse association between coronary artery disease and breast cancer. High cardiometabolic polygenic scores were associated with early development of polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational hypertension. Conclusions We conclude that polygenic susceptibility to cardiometabolic traits is associated with elevated risk of certain female‐specific health conditions.
- Published
- 2023
36. Reappraisal of the Previously Described False Localizing Sign at C1–C2 in Cases of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
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Gianna Fote, Nolan J. Brown, Hania Shahin, Joseph Falcone, Alexander Lopez, Michael Oh, Edward Kuan, Frank Hsu, and Ahmed Mohyeldin
- Published
- 2023
37. From fossil to green chemicals: Sustainable pathways and new carbon feedstocks for the global chemical industry
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Gabriel Alexander Alexander Lopez, Dominik Keiner, Mahdi Fasihi, Tuomas Koiranen, and Christian Breyer
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Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution - Abstract
Following current trends, the global chemical industry is set to become the largest consumer of fossil fuels. Among energy intensive industries, the chemical industry is one of the most challenging...
- Published
- 2023
38. UGT1A1 genetic variants are associated with increases in bilirubin levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with sarilumab
- Author
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Nan Lin, Amy Damask, Anita Boyapati, Jennifer D. Hamilton, Sara Hamon, Nils Ternes, Michael C. Nivens, John Penn, Alexander Lopez, Jeffrey G. Reid, John Overton, Alan R. Shuldiner, Goncalo Abecasis, Aris Baras, and Charles Paulding
- Subjects
Adult ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Pharmacology ,Treatment Outcome ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Genetics ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Bilirubin ,Glucuronosyltransferase ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Sarilumab is a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)-6Rα that has been approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Mild liver function test abnormalities have been observed in patients treated with sarilumab. We describe a genome-wide association study of bilirubin elevations in RA patients treated with sarilumab. Array genotyping and exome sequencing were performed on DNA samples from 1075 patients. Variants in the UGT1A1 gene were strongly associated with maximum bilirubin elevations in sarilumab-treated patients (rs4148325; p = 2.88 × 10−41) but were not associated with aminotransferase elevations. No other independent loci showed evidence of association with bilirubin elevations after sarilumab treatment. These findings suggest that most bilirubin increases during sarilumab treatment are related to genetic variation in UGT1A1 rather than underlying liver injury.
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- 2022
39. La constitucionalidad de los derechos humanos en Ecuador
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Gabriel Alexander Lopez-Sanchez, Rudy Gabriela Yong-Zambrano, Elba Tatiana Peñaherrera-Martínez, and Rously Eedyah Atencio-González
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General Engineering - Abstract
El objetivo general de la presente investigación fue analizar la constitucionalidad de los derechos humanos en Ecuador. Desde el paradigma cuantitativo, se manejó para este tipo de estudio, documentos, textos legales, investigaciones científicas mediante la recolección, selección y análisis de los mismos. El diseño bibliográfico-documental se apoyó en los procesos lógicos y mentales. Se consideró el análisis de contenido de la información recopilada, lo que permitió la formulación de resultados. Además, se apoyó en el análisis, analítico–sintético, consistió en descomponer mentalmente el sistema estudiado en varios elementos para poder llegar a la obtención de nuevos conocimientos. Se concluye, sobre la importancia jurídica y social del derecho constitucional relacionado a la protección de los derechos humanos en el Ecuador y más allá de sus fronteras, gracias a los convenios firmados con los organismos internacionales, como garantista el Estado ha propiciado normas protectoras.
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- 2022
40. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of bovine leptospirosis in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia
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Bulla-Castañeda, Diana María, Buitrago, Henry Alexander Lopez, Lancheros-Buitrago, Deisy Johana, Díaz-Anaya, Adriana María, Garcia-Corredor, Diego Jose, Tobón-Torreglosa, Julio Cesar, Ortega, Diego Ortiz, and Pulido-Medellín, Martín Orlando
- Subjects
Cattle ,Leptospira ,Leptospirosis ,Prevalence - Abstract
Background: Bovine leptospirosis is a zoonotic, infectious, and cosmopolitan disease of worldwide distribution, caused by the spirochete Leptospira spp., which has been diagnosed in humans; domestic mammals, such as dogs, sheep, goats, swine, horses and cattle; and wild animals. It is considered a significant cause of economic losses in livestock because it causes infertility, abortion and reduced milk production. Aim: To establish the prevalence and the main risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in cattle in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out. 1,000 cattle of Ayrshire, Holstein, Jersey, Normande, Zebu, and crossbreeds were sampled. Blood samples were taken by coccygeal venipuncture and processed by microscopic agglutination technique; animals were considered positive when titers were ≥1:100. The data obtained were processed with the statistical program EpiInfo®. Results: A general apparent prevalence (AP) of 16% (160/1,000) was established, where the crossbreeds (20.5% AP), the 2–4 years age group (17% AP), and the serovars Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona (5.1%) and L. interrogans serogroup Sjroe serovar Hardjo (3.4%) presented the highest seropositivity. The variables barnyard, artificial insemination, and use of certified semen were identified as protective factors against the disease, while diarrhea was considered a risk factor. Conclusion: The prevalence in this study is within the range of those reported at the national level; however, it is essential to establish plans to control and prevent the disease.
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- 2022
41. CFD model-based analysis and experimental assessment of key design parameters for an integrated unglazed metallic thermal collector façade
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Alexander Lopez-Dominguez, Dr. José Antonio CHICA PÁEZ, Peru Elguezabal, Alexander Lopez, and Jesus M Blanco
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Measure (data warehouse) ,060102 archaeology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Solar façade ,020209 energy ,Hydraulic circuit ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Sandwich panel ,Computational fluid dynamics ,Solar energy ,Active envelopes ,Sandwich panels ,Solar heating ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0601 history and archaeology ,Facade ,Unglazed and integrated solar collector ,business ,Process engineering ,Parametric statistics ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Active façade systems incorporating solar thermal collectors currently offer very promising energetic solutions. From among the available systems, a simple solution is the unglazed heat collector for potential integration in low-temperature applications. However, when adopting system definitions, the modification of some design parameters and their impact has to be fully understood. In this study, the case of an unglazed collector integrated into a sandwich panel is assessed and a specific analysis is performed for a proper assessment of the influence of key design parameters. Based on that case study of the real built system, a CFD model is developed and validated and a parametric assessment is then performed, by altering the configurations of both the panel and the hydraulic circuit. In this way, the potential of each measure to harness solar energy can be evaluated and each parameter with its different level of impact can be highlighted, to identify those of higher relevance. A characterization of the real solution completes the study, by providing the efficiency curves and the total energy collected during the experimental campaign. The maximum estimate of the efficiency of a 6 m2 façade was within a range between 0.47 and 0.34 and the heat loss factor was between 4.8 and 7.5. The case study exercises reveal the real energy efficiency and solar production patterns. There was also an opportunity to consider significant improvements to increase the output of the active façade. The main conclusions concerned the different criteria that improved the definition of the system and greater comprehension of alternative designs that may be integrated in the underlying concept. The authors are grateful to the Basque Government for fundingthis research through projects IT781-13 and IT1314-19 and to allthose involved in the different stages for their guidance andinvaluable help.The authors would also like to thank all those companies andresearchers participating in the BASSE project for their stronginvolvement during that research. Results from BASSE project haveinspired present research. The BASSE project received funding fromthe European Union, RFCS Program, Research Fund for Coal and Steel project Building Active Steel Skin (BASSE, Grant Agreement noRFSR-CT-2013-00026)
- Published
- 2020
42. Informal rental housing in Colombia: an essential option for low-income households
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Alexander Lopez Angulo, Melanie Lombard, and Jaime Hernández-García
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Low income ,Labour economics ,Latin Americans ,business.industry ,Lived experience ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Global South ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Rental housing ,Development ,Informal settlements ,Renting ,Business ,050703 geography ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Around the world, rental housing is frequently seen as secondary to home ownership; yet it plays a crucial role in many countries. In particular, rental housing in urban informal neighbourhoods has a critical but consistently overlooked role in housing the most vulnerable households in the Global South. If better policy and practice are to be pursued, there is a need for improved data on rental housing in urban informal settlements, and in particular, better understanding of ‘the lived experiences of the poor’. This paper responds to these empirical gaps in debates on informality and rental housing with qualitative research on residents’ experiences of informal rented housing in two Colombian cities, Bogotá and Cali. The paper frames informal rental housing as an essential option for diverse low-income households for whom ownership is not accessible or attractive. In this way, it also contributes to policy and theoretical debates calling for a better understanding of the dynamics, possibilities and potential of informal housing.
- Published
- 2021
43. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia
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Aura Daniela Ortiz-González, H. Alexander Lopez Buitrago, Diana María Bulla-Castañeda, D. Johana Lancheros-Buitrago, Diego Jose Garcia-Corredor, Adriana Maria Díaz-Anaya, Julio Cesar Tobón-Torreglosa, Diego Ortiz-Ortega, and Martín Orlando Pulido-Medellín
- Subjects
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ,General Veterinary ,cattle ,cattle diseases ,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease widely distributed globally and is considered the main cause of various reproductive and respiratory tract diseases in cattle and buffaloes. This study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and determine risk factors associated with the presentation of IBR in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Boyacá (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed, and the sample size was 1,000 cattle. Blood samples were obtained by coccygeal venipuncture and processed through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Synbiotics® kit (Zoetis, New Jersey, USA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively. Data were processed using the statistical program EpiInfo® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). Results: A high seroprevalence of 57.5% was established. Seroprevalence was the highest in cattle >4 years of age (65.0% apparent seroprevalence[AS]; 67% true seroprevalence [TS]) and in the Holstein breed (65.5% AS; 67.8% TS). The breed and age of the animals were significantly associated with each other. The Holstein breed, age group >4 years, uncertified semen, and fetal death were established as risk factors for IBR. In comparison, the age groups of
- Published
- 2022
44. MIGRATORY GRIEF, COPING, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS OF VULNERABLE GROUPS IN MOBILITY IN SPAIN
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Alexander Lopez de Leon and Susana Puertas
- Abstract
"The present study aims to analyse migratory grief, coping (focusing on the problem, negative self-focus, positive reappraisal, open emotional expression, avoidance, search for social support, and religion), and psychological distress of people according to their main reasons for migrating. The sample consisted of 454 participants (48.7% men and 51.3% women) aged between 18 and 74 years (M = 35.48; SD = 11.06). The methodology used was quantitative and non-experimental design. The Migratory Grief Assessment Questionnaire, the Coping with Stress Questionnaire, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10 were used. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between migratory grief, the passive coping styles, and psychological distress, as well as a negative relationship between migratory grief and the strategy focused on the problem. In addition, students are the group with the least migratory grief compared to groups who migrated for economic reasons, insecurity (wars, violence, threats), and sexual orientation. In addition, people fleeing because of security reasons are the ones who use less the strategy of seeking social support compared to the group of people studying. People migrating for economic reasons use religion more as a coping strategy compared to the groups motivated by sexual orientation and educational background. Regarding psychological distress, people who flee because of their sexual orientation have higher levels of psychological distress compared to those who have migrated for economic and academic reasons. The relevant and significant findings related to the variables investigated are discussed."
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- 2022
45. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia
- Author
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Ortiz-González, Aura Daniela, primary, Buitrago, H. Alexander Lopez, additional, Bulla-Castañeda, Diana María, additional, Lancheros-Buitrago, D. Johana, additional, Garcia-Corredor, Diego Jose, additional, Díaz-Anaya, Adriana Maria, additional, Tobón-Torreglosa, Julio Cesar, additional, Ortiz-Ortega, Diego, additional, and Pulido-Medellín, Martín Orlando, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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46. Exome sequencing and characterization of 49,960 individuals in the UK Biobank
- Author
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David J. Carey, Cristen J. Willer, Anthony Marcketta, Claudia Schurmann, Leland Barnard, John Penn, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Daren Liu, Joseph B. Leader, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Marcus B. Jones, John C. Whittaker, Ashutosh K. Pandey, Ida Surakka, David H. Ledbetter, Evan Maxwell, John D. Overton, Andrew Blumenfeld, Michael N. Cantor, Robert A. Scott, Wendy K. Chung, Alexander H. Li, Alexander Lopez, Joshua D. Backman, Matthew R. Nelson, Jeffrey Staples, Giovanni Coppola, Jonathan Marchini, Xiaodong Bai, Kavita Praveen, Alan R. Shuldiner, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Aris N. Economides, Shareef Khalid, William J Salerno, Bin Ye, Cristopher V. Van Hout, Kristian Hveem, Jeffrey G. Reid, Colm O'Dushlaine, Joshua D. Hoffman, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Nilanjana Banerjee, Sean O'Keeffe, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Lon R. Cardon, Alicia Hawes, Aris Baras, Ashish Yadav, George D. Yancopoulos, and Lukas Habegger
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Genes, BRCA2 ,Genes, BRCA1 ,Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH ,Penetrance ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Ion Channels ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bone Density ,Loss of Function Mutation ,Neoplasms ,Databases, Genetic ,Genetics research ,Genotype ,Exome ,Exome sequencing ,Biological Specimen Banks ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Genomics ,Middle Aged ,Biobank ,Pedigree ,Phenotype ,ras GTPase-Activating Proteins ,Female ,Kidney Diseases ,Population ,Collagen Type VI ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Article ,DNA sequencing ,Varicose Veins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exome Sequencing ,Humans ,education ,Alleles ,Aged ,Demography ,Rare variants ,Peptide Fragments ,United Kingdom ,030104 developmental biology ,ddc:000 ,Next-generation sequencing - Abstract
The UK Biobank is a prospective study of 502,543 individuals, combining extensive phenotypic and genotypic data with streamlined access for researchers around the world1. Here we describe the release of exome-sequence data for the first 49,960 study participants, revealing approximately 4 million coding variants (of which around 98.6% have a frequency of less than 1%). The data include 198,269 autosomal predicted loss-of-function (LOF) variants, a more than 14-fold increase compared to the imputed sequence. Nearly all genes (more than 97%) had at least one carrier with a LOF variant, and most genes (more than 69%) had at least ten carriers with a LOF variant. We illustrate the power of characterizing LOF variants in this population through association analyses across 1,730 phenotypes. In addition to replicating established associations, we found novel LOF variants with large effects on disease traits, including PIEZO1 on varicose veins, COL6A1 on corneal resistance, MEPE on bone density, and IQGAP2 and GMPR on blood cell traits. We further demonstrate the value of exome sequencing by surveying the prevalence of pathogenic variants of clinical importance, and show that 2% of this population has a medically actionable variant. Furthermore, we characterize the penetrance of cancer in carriers of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants. Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community., Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants in the UK Biobank highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community.
- Published
- 2020
47. Synergistic Technique Enables Top-Drive Cement Head and Casing Running Tool Adapter to Improve Zonal Isolation with Safety and Efficiency in Colombia
- Author
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Fabian Castro, Juan Manuel Arroyave, Sergio Roldan, Jose David Vela, Nelson Eduardo Garcia, Alexander Lopez, and Maria Anayibe Fiaga
- Abstract
Casing rotation is a mechanical aid that improves fluids displacement efficiency and helps achieve zonal isolation. A Colombian oil company faced its biggest challenge to successfully place cement across zones with washouts, rate restrictions, and difficult mud removal. This paper describes the deployment of a rotating cement head for cementing services on a land operation in Colombia, Ecopetrol S.A. has supported and leveraged the deployment of this technology since 2018. The Casing Running Tool (CRT) Adapter provided an enhanced system to reduce stuck pipe risks and decrease rig up time. The main solution selected to enhance results was implementing casing rotation; nevertheless, execution had to be completed safely and efficiently. Top-drive cement heads are commonly used in offshore operations. In Colombia, the use of a top-drive cement head was targeted as a safe solution to rotate intermediate and production casings in land operations. This method would allow for rig up, pressure test, and execution of the cement job (including rotation throughout the entirety of the job) without having to break connections or shutdown operations. The main component of the system is the cement head itself, but it was necessary to also incorporate a triple water bushing that serves to connect the cement head with casing and cementing plugs for the specified casing size. The system was enhanced by incorporating an adapter that allows connecting the assembly directly to CRT. This configuration enabled us to complete cementing without any connection make-ups during job, which reduced personnel risk and saved any flat time. During the installation process in prior operations, it was necessary to disconnect and rack back the casing running tool and then connect the cement head to the top drive. In some cases, the overall time to perform these actions was about 1 hour and 30 minutes. On certain wells this additional time could increase the risk of stuck pipe and prevent our ability to rotate the casing during cementing. The system has been improved by adding a CRT adapter that joins the cement head to the top drive without disconnecting the CRT. This new system helps mitigate stuck pipe risks by reducing connection time to as little as 10 minutes while safely enabling casing rotation to improve cement isolation. This configuration enables casing rotation during cementing in wells with high torque requirements and stuck pipe risks while improving annular cement placement. The system makes the operation safer and more efficient.
- Published
- 2022
48. Classic Thrombophilias and Thrombotic Risk Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
- Author
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Eric Manderstedt, Christina Lind‐Halldén, Christer Halldén, Johan Elf, Peter J. Svensson, Björn Dahlbäck, Gunnar Engström, Olle Melander, Aris Baras, Luca A. Lotta, Bengt Zöller, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A Lotta, John D Overton, Jeffrey G Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Louis Widom, Sarah E Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Andrew Blumenfeld, Boris Boutkov, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Olga Krasheninina, Rouel Lanche, Adam J Mansfield, Evan K Maxwell, Mrunali Nafde, Sean O’Keeffe, Max Orelus, Razvan Panea, Tommy Polanco, Ayesha Rasool, William Salerno, Jeffrey C Staples, Marcus B Jones, Jason Mighty, and Lyndon J Mitnaul
- Subjects
Male ,Anticoagulants ,Factor V ,Thrombosis ,Venous Thromboembolism ,Middle Aged ,Antithrombins ,Protein S ,Cohort Studies ,Risk Factors ,RC666-701 ,Mutation ,natural anticoagulants ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Humans ,Thrombophilia ,epidemiology ,genetics ,Female ,Prothrombin ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Aged ,Protein C - Abstract
Background Five classic thrombophilias have been recognized: factor V Leiden (rs6025), the prothrombin G20210A variant (rs1799963), and protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the thrombotic risk of classic thrombophilias in a cohort of middle‐aged and older adults. Methods and Results Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and protein‐coding variants in the PROC (protein C), PROS1 (protein S), and SERPINC1 (antithrombin) anticoagulant genes were determined in 29 387 subjects (born 1923–1950, 60% women) who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991–1996). The Human Gene Mutation Database was used to define 68 disease‐causing mutations. Patients were followed up from baseline until the first event of venous thromboembolism (VTE), death, or Dec 31, 2018. Carriership (n=908, 3.1%) for disease‐causing mutations in the PROC , PROS1 , and SERPINC1 genes was associated with incident VTE: Hazard ratio (HR) was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–1.9). Variants not in Human Gene Mutation Database were not linked to VTE (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8–1.5). Heterozygosity for rs6025 and rs1799963 was associated with incident VTE: HR, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.6–2.0) and HR, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–2.0), respectively. The HR for carrying 1 classical thrombophilia variant was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.6–1.9). HR was 3.9 (95% CI, 3.1–5.0) for carriers of ≥2 thrombophilia variants. Conclusions The 5 classic thrombophilias are associated with a dose‐graded risk of VTE in middle‐aged and older adults. Disease‐causing variants in the PROC , PROS1 , and SERPINC1 genes were more common than the rs1799963 variant but the conferred genetic risk was comparable with the rs6025 and rs1799963 variants.
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- 2022
49. Development of Robust, Ion-Selective Anion Exchange Membranes Through the Incorporation of Ionic Liquid Materials for Water Purification Via Electrodialysis
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Saloumeh Kolahchyan and Alexander Lopez
- Published
- 2022
50. Susceptibility of GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes to Neurotoxins. Relevance for Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders
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Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Rasiel Beltran-Casanueva, Alexander Lopez-Salas, and Kjell Fuxe
- Published
- 2022
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