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Based on limited data, it is estimated that the placenta retains 90 mg of iron. Little is known about determinants of placental iron content. Animal data indicate that the placenta prioritizes iron for its own needs, but this hypothesis has not been evaluated in humans.To characterize placental iron content and placental iron concentration (p[Fe]) in pregnant women at risk of iron insufficiency and identify determinants of p[Fe].Placentas were collected from 132 neonates born to teens carrying singletons (≤18 y) and 101 neonates born to 48 women carrying multiples (20-46 y). Maternal and neonatal iron status indicators [hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum iron, total body iron (TBI)] and hormones (erythropoietin, hepcidin) were measured. p[Fe] was measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Correlation analyses and mixed-effects models were constructed to identify determinants of p[Fe].Mean placental iron content was 23 mg per placenta (95% CI: 15, 33 mg) in the multiples and 40 mg (95% CI: 31, 51 mg) in the teens (P = 0.03). Mean p[Fe] did not differ between the cohorts. p[Fe] was higher in anemic (175 μg/g; 95% CI: 120, 254 μg/g) compared with nonanemic (46 μg/g; 95% CI: 26, 82 μg/g) women carrying multiples (P = 0.009), but did not differ between anemic (62 μg/g; 95% CI: 40, 102 μg/g) and nonanemic (73 μg/g; 95% CI: 56, 97 μg/g) teens. In women carrying multiples, low maternal iron status [lower SF (P = 0.002) and lower TBI (P = 0.01)] was associated with higher p[Fe], whereas in teens, improved iron status [lower sTfR (P = 0.03) and higher TBI (P = 0.03)] was associated with higher p[Fe].Placental iron content was ∼50% lower than previously estimated. p[Fe] is significantly associated with maternal iron status. In women carrying multiples, poor maternal iron status was associated with higher p[Fe], whereas in teens, improved iron status was associated with higher p[Fe]. More data are needed to understand determinants of p[Fe] and the variable iron partitioning in teens compared with mature women.

Iron is unique among all minerals in that humans have no regulatable excretory pathway to eliminate excess iron after it is absorbed. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when absorbed iron is not sufficient to meet body iron demands, whereas iron overload and subsequent deposition of iron in key organs occur when absorbed iron exceeds body iron demands. Over time, iron accumulation in the body can increase risk of chronic diseases, including cirrhosis, diabetes, and heart failure. To date, only ∼30% of the interindividual variability in iron absorption can be captured by iron status biomarkers or iron regulatory hormones. Much of the regulation of iron absorption may be under genetic control, but these pathways have yet to be fully elucidated. Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies have identified several genetic variants that are associated with variations in iron status, but the majority of these data were generated in European populations. The purpose of this review is to summarize genetic variants that have been associated with alterations in iron status and to highlight the influence of ethnicity on the risk of iron deficiency or overload. Using extant data in the literature, linear mixed-effects models were constructed to explore ethnic differences in iron status biomarkers. This approach found that East Asians had significantly higher concentrations of iron status indicators (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin) than Europeans, African Americans, or South Asians. African Americans exhibited significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations compared with other ethnic groups. Further studies of the genetic basis for ethnic differences in iron metabolism and on how it affects disease susceptibility among different ethnic groups are needed to inform population-specific recommendations and personalized nutrition interventions for iron-related disorders.

La dieta de alimentos crudos tiene sus raíces en un movimiento vegetariano que se remonta a los años 1800. Como su nombre lo indica, una dieta de alimentos crudos es un patrón dietético compuesto mayoritaria o completamente por alimentos crudos y sin procesar. Esta publicación explora los posibles beneficios y riesgos para la salud de una dieta de alimentos crudos.This is the Spanish translation of FSHN20-45/FS404, Popular Diets: Raw Foods, written by Alexa Barad, Daniela Rivero-Mendoza, and Wendy Dahl, translated by Daniela Rivero-Mendoza, and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs415

OBJECTIVES: It has been estimated that 90 mg of iron (Fe) is retained by a ∼600 g term placenta to support placental needs, but this value is based on limited data. While there has been an increase in studies evaluating placental Fe content (p[Fe]), there is also substantial variability in published values. Our aims were to characterize p[Fe] in pregnant women at risk of Fe deficiency and to identify determinants of p[Fe]. METHODS: Placentae were collected at 39.8 ± 1.2 weeks of gestation from 132 neonates born to teens carrying singletons (≤18 y) and at 35.3 ± 2.4 weeks of gestation from 101 neonates born to 48 women carrying multiples (20–46 y). Maternal and cord blood samples were collected and maternal and neonatal Fe status indicators (hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF), transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum Fe, total body Fe (TBI)) and regulatory hormones (erythropoietin (EPO), hepcidin) were measured. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to measure p[Fe]. RESULTS: Mean placental weight per fetus was 290 ± 74 g in the multiples and 619 ± 149 g in the teens (p

To assess associations between intuitive eating behaviors and fruit and vegetable intake among college students.Intuitive eating behaviors were measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), which reports a total and 4 subscale scores. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured with the National Institutes of Health Eating at America's Table Fruit and Vegetable screener. Questionnaires were completed online.Median age of participants was 20 years (n = 293; n = 72 male). Total IES-2 score was not correlated with fruit and vegetable intake. Body-Food Choice Congruence and Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons subscales were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (r = .462, P.001 and r = .177, P = .002, respectively). The Unconditional Permission to Eat subscale was negatively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (r = -.308, P.001).Correlations between fruit and vegetable intake and intuitive eating behaviors differed by IES-2 subscale scores. If IES-2 is used in nutrition research, education, or counseling with the aim of increasing fruit and vegetable intake, addressing subscale behaviors individually might be considered.

Vivir con la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) presenta muchos desafíos, y la dieta es uno de ellos. Las personas con ERC pueden tener dificultades para consumir suficientes alimentos ricos en fibra al seguir las otras recomendaciones de dieta para la ERC.. This is the Spanish-language version of FS305, CKD: A Guide to Higher Fiber Foods. Written by Wendy J. Dahl and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, April 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs309

Los adultos mayores corren el riesgo de disminuir la masa muscular magra y por lo tanto la fuerza muscular, y es posible que no consuman la proteína adecuada. Los adultos mayores pueden beneficiarse de una mayor cantidad de proteínas para ayudar a mantener su peso, reducir la pérdida de masa muscular y mantener la salud en general. Elegir alimentos con mayor contenido de proteínas en cada comida ayudará a garantizar que se satisfagan las necesidades de proteínas.