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Investigar a incidência de lesões e/ou dores musculoesqueléticas (LDM) relacionados às equipes de futebol profissional do estado do Rio de Janeiro participantes do campeonato brasileiro de 2018. A amostra foi composta por 148 atletas profissionais dos clubes de futebol do Rio de Janeiro que participaram de 1 ou mais jogos do Campeonato Brasileiro série A de 2018. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada um questionário epidemiológico que investigava as seguintes variáveis: tempo de exposição; diagnóstico; tipo de LDM; local da LDM; gravidade da LDM; tempo de inatividade; posição tática do atleta caracterizado com LDM; idade. Foram identificadas 591LDM com incidência de 58,9 LDM/1000h de exposição. A idade (27,05 ± 5,91 anos) foi um determinante para afastamento dos treinos e competições (OR= 1,13; IC95% = 1,02 a 1,25, p< 0,02). O tempo de exposição mostrou associação com o número de LDM (coeficiente beta= 3,31; IC 95% = 2,59 até 4,02; p

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the muscular strength of the knee extensors and flexors muscles, agility and functionality between dominant leg (DL) vs. non-dominant leg (NDL) of professional soccer players during pre-season. Twenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (25.1 ± 3.8 years; 182.1 ± 5.9 cm; 79.3 ± 5.4 kg; body fat 14.6 ± 3.8%) from a club of the Brazilian second-division soccer league participated in this study. All soccer players underwent three tests to assess strength, power, and physical performance with an interval of 48 h inter-sessions. During the first assessment session, isokinetic tests were performed in which athletes performed maximal isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions, as well as maximal isometric contractions. In the second and third assessment sessions, single leg step down and agility tests were performed, respectively. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) results showed a significant difference (p

The purpose of this investigation was to compare ankle functional performance and ankle range of motion (ROM) between practitioners of resistance exercise (RE) with free-weights versus machines. Twenty-five men participated in this study. They were separated into two groups: (a) Free-weights; and (b) Machines. All subjects practiced regularly RE 5.3±0.7 d∙wk-1 and low aerobic training of 1.2±0.5 d∙wk-1 with a total time volume of 254.9±9.4 min∙wk-1. ROM measurements were taken in both ankles with a digital goniometer. Active ankle-dorsiflexion and plantar flexion range of motion were measured with subjects lying prone with an extended knee on a standard treatment table. The rising on the heel and the rising on toes were used to assess endurance of the ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, respectively. Ankle functional stability was assessed with the Single Leg Hop Test in both limbs. Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM showed a significant difference (Δ% left=21.1%; Δ% right=25.8%; P0.05). On the other hand, the Single Leg Hop Test (Δ% left=16.3%; Δ% right=15.4%; P

Introdução: a avaliação da percepção de esforço (PSE) e estados de humor (EH) em diferentes intensidades de esforço, pode auxiliar o planejamento do programa de treinamento minimizando o risco de overtraining e lesões osteomioarticulares.Objetivo: comparar as respostas de PSE e estados de humor em individuos submetidos a duas intensidades distintas de corrida de 5km.Métodos: corredores de rua recreacionais (n: 14) do Clube de Corrida da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) foram submetidos a um teste de 5Km. Posteriormente a realização do teste todos os individuos foram submetidos a dois testes de 5km randomizados com diferentes intensidades sendo a 95% e 85% da velocidade do teste de 5km. Foram avaliados o tempo total, a veocidade media, a percepçaõ de esforço, a carga interna e os parámetros vigor e fadiga.Resultados: O protocolo de corrida C5K85 apresentou redução significativa (p 0,001) das variáveis velocidade média de corrida, PSE e CIT quando comparado ao protocolo C5K95. A variável fadiga apresentou aumento significativo (p 0,001) pós-esforço no protocolo C5K95, sem mudanças significativas no protocolo C5K85 (p0,05). Conclusão: a percepção subjetiva de esforço, a carga interna de treino e a subescala fadiga do questionário BRUMS podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para controle e monitoramento da intensidade de treinamento em corredores de 5km.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) among hypertensive stage I and normotensive individuals who were submitted to the cranial technique of the 4th ventricle compression (CV4), an osteopathic technique. Methods In this experimental controlled study, thirty men between 40 and 60 years old were evaluated and divided into two groups: normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT). The CV4 maneuver was applied in both groups and BP was measured at 5 (five) different stages: pre and post-intervention, 5, 10 and 15min after technique. Time-frequency parameters were obtained from measurements of RR intervals. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA two-way for analysis of the condition factor (NT and HT) and times with p-value ≤ .05. Results There was a reduction in the BP of the HT group. A significant intergroup difference (p = .01) was noticed, with respect to the standard deviation of successive normal R-R intervals (SDNN) values, mainly between pre-intervention and 15min stages. Concerning root mean square of the mean squared differences (RNSSD) values, the highlights were differences between pre-intervention and 10min (p = .01) only in the NT group. There was an increase in high frequencies (HF) values and a low frequencies (LF) attenuation in both groups at all different stages. Conclusion The data showed a BP reduction in the HT group in pre-intervention/15min and an increase in parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity in both groups. This suggests a change in the sympathetic-vagal balance. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the data on BP reduction mechanisms with CV4.

Purpose. To analyze and to compare the absolute and relative muscle power of the lower limbs in sedentary elderly subjects with and without heart failure. Methods. The study included 36 elderly subjects (72 ± 6.5 years, 76.8 ± 4.8 kg, 171 ± 9.4 cm) divided into two groups: sixteen patients with heart failure versus twenty patients with coronary artery disease, but without heart failure. The muscle power of the lower limbs was assessed with a half-squat exercise; three repetitions were performed with three seconds of the interval between repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase. For the statistical analysis, unpaired Student's t-tests were used to compare the absolute and relative muscular power between groups. Results. Subjects without heart failure had significantly greater absolute (362 ± 18.5 W vs. 438 ± 22.3 W, p = 0.015) and relative (4.6 ± 0.2 W / kg vs. 5.9 ± 0.2 W / Kg, p = 0.001) muscle power versus subjects with heart failure. Conclusion. Heart failure harms the muscular power of the lower limbs in the elderly, which may influence the prognosis and evolution of the disease and capacity functional. Objetivo. Analizar y comparar la potencia muscular absoluta y relativa de los miembros inferiores en ancianos sedentarios con y sin insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos. El estudio incluyó a 36 ancianos (72 ± 6,5 años, 76,8 ± 4,8 kg, 171 ± 9,4 cm) divididos en dos grupos: dieciséis pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca versus veinte pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias pero sin insuficiencia cardíaca parada cardíaca. A potência muscular dos membros inferiores foi avaliada com um exercício de meio agachamento através de três repetições executadas com três segundos de intervalo entre elas e com a máxima velocidade na fase concêntrica. La potencia muscular relativa y absoluta de las extremidades inferiores se evaluó con un ejercicio de media sentadilla. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron pruebas t de Student para datos no apareados para comparar la potencia muscular absoluta y relativa entre grupos. Resultados. Los individuos sin insuficiencia cardíaca tenían una potencia muscular absoluta significativamente mayor (362 ± 18,5 W frente a 438 ± 22,3 W, p = 0,015) y relativa (4,6 ± 0,2 W / kg frente a 5,9 ± 0,2 W / kg, p = 0,001) en comparación con las personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusión. La insuficiencia cardíaca deteriora la potencia muscular de los miembros inferiores en el anciano, lo que puede influir en el pronóstico y evolución de la enfermedad y la capacidad funcional. Objetivo. Analisar e comparar a potência muscular absoluta e relativa dos membros inferiores em idosos sedentários com e sem insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos. O estudo incluiu 36 idosos (72 ± 6,5 anos, 76,8 ± 4,8 kg, 171 ± 9,4 cm) divididos em dois grupos: dezesseis pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca versus vinte pacientes com doença arterial coronariana, mas sem insuficiência cardíaca. A potência muscular dos membros inferiores foi avaliada com um exercício de meio agachamento através de três repetições executadas com três segundos de intervalo entre elas e com a máxima velocidade na fase concêntrica. Para análise estatística, os testes t Student’s não pareados foi usado ​​para comparar a potência muscular absoluta e relativa entre os grupos. Resultados. Indivíduos sem insuficiência cardíaca tiveram significativamente maior potência muscular absoluta (362 ± 18,5 W vs. 438 ± 22,3 W, p = 0,015) e relativa (4,6 ± 0,2 W / kg vs. 5,9 ± 0,2 W / Kg, p = 0,001) comparados com os indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca. Conclusão. A insuficiência cardíaca prejudica a potência muscular dos membros inferiores em idosos, o que pode influenciar no prognóstico e na evolução da doença e na capacidade funcional.

This study evaluated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on resistance exercise performance in the lower limbs. Thirteen men participated in a randomized crossover design that involved 3 separate sessions (IPC, PLACEBO, and control). A 12-repetition maximum (12RM) load for the leg extension exercise was assessed through test and retest sessions before the first experimental session. The IPC session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion at 220 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The PLACEBO session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff administration at 20 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of pseudo-reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The occlusion and reperfusion phases were conducted alternately between the thighs, with subjects remaining seated. No ischemic pressure was applied during the control (CON) session and subjects sat passively for 40 minutes. Eight minutes after IPC, PLACEBO, or CON, subjects performed 3 repetition maximum sets of the leg extension (2-minute rest between sets) with the predetermined 12RM load. Four minutes after the third set for each condition, blood lactate was assessed. The results showed that for the first set, the number of repetitions significantly increased for both the IPC (13.08 ± 2.11; p = 0.0036) and PLACEBO (13.15 ± 0.88; p = 0.0016) conditions, but not for the CON (11.88 ± 1.07; p > 0.99) condition. In addition, the IPC and PLACEBO conditions resulted insignificantly greater repetitions vs. the CON condition on the first set (p = 0.015; p = 0.007) and second set (p = 0.011; p = 0.019), but not on the third set (p = 0.68; p > 0.99). No difference (p = 0.465) was found in the fatigue index and lactate concentration between conditions. These results indicate that IPC and PLACEBO IPC may have small beneficial effects on repetition performance over a CON condition. Owing to potential for greater discomfort associated with the IPC condition, it is suggested that ischemic preconditioning might be practiced gradually to assess tolerance and potential enhancements to exercise performance.

Background Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an important method of attenuating both respiratory and peripheral effort perceptions, consequently improving neuromuscular performance and resulting in greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise training alone. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IMT on exercise tolerance, repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a cohort of professional male soccer players. Methods Twenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (18.3 ± 1.4 years; 174.5 ± 6.1 cm; 70.5 kg ± 4.6 kg; body fat 10.1 ± 4.2%) from a club in the Brazilian first division soccer league participated in this study. IMT consisted of 15 and 30 self-paced inspiratory breaths (each to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P0]) in the 1-and 2-week intervention period, respectively. IMT was performed prior to soccer training (1 sets.d−1; 6 d.wk−1) with repeated sprint ability (RSA) assessed pre- and post- the 2-week period of IMT. Results Statistical analyses identified a significant (p Conclusion In conclusion, our results raise two important issues. Firstly, IMT demonstrated enhanced inspiratory muscle strength in professional soccer players. Secondly, this increase in inspiratory muscle efficiency led to a decrease in sprint time and improved exercise tolerance. We recommend that a standard training protocol be developed and tested in an experimental and control group with a large representative sample.

The aim was investigate the time-course of cardiac autonomic response in men with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) practitioners or not of physical exercise. Twenty men were separated into three groups: control group without SCI (CON; 28.3 ± 4.5 yrs; 178.4 ± 6.5 cm; 82.1 ± 6.8 kg; n=8), regularly engaged in strength training and low aerobic training; exercise group with cervical SCI (EG, 32.3 ± 4.5 yrs, 175.1 ± 5.3 cm, 73.6 ± 9.6 Kg; n=8) that practiced wheelchair rugby and sedentary group with cervical SCI (SG, 30.8 ± 5.3 yrs, 173.4 ± 10.1 cm, 69.7 ± 7.1 Kg; n=4) who did not practice physical exercise. Heart rate variability variables were calculated from ECG, in rest. CON showed high values compared to EG and SG of: standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), proportion of adjacent R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms, number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms, root mean square of successive differences and the high-frequency spectral power. SDNN was significantly lower in EG compared to CON. changes in cardiac autonomic function could be noted in subjects with cervical SCI regularly engaged in an exercise program.

The aim of this study was to test the correlation between knee-to-hip flexion ratio during a single leg landing task and hip and knee strength, and ankle range of motion. Twenty-four male participants from a professional soccer team performed a continuous single leg jump-landing test during 10s, while lower limb kinematics data were collected using a motion analysis system. After biomechanical testing, maximal isometric hip (abduction, extension, external rotation), knee extension and flexion strength were measured. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed statically using the weight bearing lunge test. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the associations between the predictor variables (knee and hip strength, and ankle ROM) and the main outcome measure (knee-to-hip flexion ratio). Correlation between knee-to-hip flexion ratio and hip abductors strength was significant (r = -0.47; p = 0.019). No other significant correlations were observed among the variables (p > 0.05). These results demonstrated that a lower hip abductors strength in male soccer players was correlated with a high knee-to-hip flexion ratio during landing from a single leg jump, potentially increasing knee overload by decreasing energy absorption at the hip. The results provide a novel proposal for the functioning of hip muscles to control knee overload.

Objective: To compare the acute responses of rate pressure product (RPP) between dynamic and isometric sets of resistance exercise (RE); compare the acute responses of RPP between upper and lower limbs in RE. Methods: Nineteen active men (22.7 ± 2.2 years) attended this study in a random crossover model. In the first day they performed hemodynamic measurements and one maximum repetition tests (1RM) in leg press (LGP) and bench press (BCP) exercises. In the second, third, fourth and fifth days they performed the following tests: LGP isometric, BCP isometric, LGP dynamic and BCP dynamic, respectively. Isometric protocols were conducted in 3 sets of 40 s (1 st set: 25% 1RM, 2 nd set: 50% 1RM, 3 rd set: 75% 1RM) and dynamic protocols in 3 sets of 10 repetitions (1 st set: 25% 1RM, 2 nd set: 50% 1RM, 3 th set: 75% 1RM). The RPP was obtained immediately after each set. Results: A comparison between protocols showed that RPP was higher (P < 0.05) in dynamic than in isometric protocol. A comparison between exercises showed that RPP was higher (P < 0.05) in LGP than BCP exercise. Conclusions: In similar relative intensities, the acute cardiac responses are influenced by the exercise protocol, since the RPP was higher in the dynamic condition. Furthermore, RPP seems to be related with recruited muscle mass, since that were observed higher values of RPP in exercises for lower limbs .

— Aims: The aim of this study was to establish thermographic profiles of lower limbs and to correlate them with creatine kinase level in professional players. Method: Thirty healthy male professional soccer players (25.4 ± 4.7 years; 179.5 ± 6.7 cm; 78.3kg ± 7.5 kg; body fat 10.2 ± 4.2 %) from a club of Brazilian first division soccer league volunteered. Thermal images sequences of lower limbs (thighs and legs) were acquired in an anteroposterior manner (i.e., frontal and dorsal views) by a digital infrared thermo-camera. Blood creatine kinase (CK) concentration was assessed by reflectance photometry. All thermographic images and CK were performed between 8:00 and 9:00 am. Results: No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between left and right sides from both anterior and posterior measurements of thighs and legs for mean or maximal skin temperature. Low values of correlation (range r=0.14 to r=0.38) was found between skin temperature and CK levels while contralateral thermal symmetry in the lower limbs (regions of interest < 0.2°C) was found. Conclusion: It was observed contralateral thermal symmetry in the lower limbs and low correlation between CK and temperature values in elite soccer players.Keywords: thermal image, creatine kinase, athletes.

This study evaluated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on resistance exercise performance in upper limbs. After 12-RM load determination, 21 men attended 4 trials separated by 3 days in a randomized crossover design: IPC (4×5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in arms and in thighs, and SHAM (equal to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) in arms and in thighs. 8 min following the respective interventions, the subjects performed one set of resistance exercise in elbow flexion with the 12-RM load until concentric failure. The number of repetitions increased for both protocols in arm (IPC=14.1±2.5 and SHAM=14.4±3.0) and in thigh (IPC=14.3±2.2 and SHAM=13.4±1.7). However, the number of repetitions tended to decrease over the 4 trials and no more effect was found in the fourth trial. Therefore, IPC or SHAM may enhance performance in resistance exercise for upper limbs, but this effect apparently fades over time.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a atividade elétrica dos músculos vasto medial (VM) e do vasto lateral (VL) em duas angulações distintas (70° e 90° de flexão de joelho) durante a contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) realizada no exercício de agachamento. Foram selecionados 15 sujeitos do sexo masculino, voluntários e destreinados há mais de 12 meses em relação ao treinamento de força (idade: 28.0 ± 4.6 anos, estatura: 180.0 ± 5.2 cm, massa corporal: 80.0 ± 3.2 kg e IMC: 24.2 ± 1.6 kg/m²). Os sujeitos realizaram 3 CVIM com exercícios de agachamento a 70° e 90° de flexão de joelho. O protocolo de coleta de dados ocorreu em dois dias não consecutivos: 1º dia – mensurações antropométricas e realização de três CVIM a 70°; 2º dia – realização de três CVIM a 90°. Para a normalização dos dados foi adotada a média dos valores em RMS. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguiram as recomendações da ISEK. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas (p > .05) entre as angulações para: VL 70° vs VM 70°; VL 90° vs VM 90°; VL 70° vs VL 90°; VM 70° vs VM 90°. Estes resultados permitem concluir existir um equilíbrio na atividade elétrica entre o vasto lateral e o vasto medial durante a realização das CVIM em sujeitos destreinados., Motricidade, Vol 7 No 2 (2011)

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse by comparing the electrocardiographic parameters before and after submaximal exercise between AAS users and non-AAS users. 2. A total of 22 men who regularly engaged in both resistance and aerobic exercise at fitness academies volunteered for the study (control group: n = 11, age 25 ± 4 years; AAS group: n = 11, age 27 ± 5 years). All subjects were submitted to submaximal exercise testing using an Astrand-Rhyming protocol. Heart rate and electrocardiography parameters were measured at rest and at the third minute of the post-exercise recovery time. 3. AAS users presented higher QTc and QTd at rest (10% and 55%, respectively) and at the post-exercise period (17% and 43%, respectively), compared with control subjects. The maximal and minimum QTc interval of the AAS group was significantly prolonged at the post-exercise period (12% and 15%, respectively). The haemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The AAS group showed a lower heart rate recovery at the first minute after the test (P = 0.0001), and a higher exertion score (P < 0.0001) at a lower workload, compared with the control group. 4. Our results show that the QTc interval and dispersion are increased in individuals who abuse AAS, suggesting the presence of ventricular repolarization abnormalities that could potentially increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

O objetivo do estudo foi verifi car o teste de 10 repetições máximas (10RM) no exercí­cio supino reto na máquina utilizando diferentes tipos de aquecimento. Foram selecionados 22 indiví­duos do sexo masculino e divididos em dois grupos, grupo com aquecimento prévio de alongamento (GA) (n = 11), e grupo aquecimento especí­fi co (GE) (n = 11). Os indiví­duos da amostra foram submetidos ao teste de 10RM em dois dias. No primeiro dia, realizou-se o teste de 10RM igualmente para ambos os grupos, seguindo o modelo tradicional do teste. No segundo dia, o GE realizou o teste de 10RM com aquecimento de duas séries com 15 repetições a 55% da carga de 10RM. O GA antecedeu o teste de 10RM com o aquecimento através de exercí­cios de alongamentos pelo método estático, com duas séries de 20 segundos de duração para cada posição, após atingir o limiar de dor. Foi mantido um intervalo de 20 segundos de uma série para outra. Concluí­mos que não existem diferenças estatisticamente signifi cativas através do teste t-Student (p > 0,05), no desempenho do teste de 10RM no exercí­cio supino reto através do aquecimento especí­fi co, o mesmo não sendoobservado quando o teste de 10RM foi precedido por exercí­cios de alongamento (p < 0,002).Palavras-chave: aquecimento especí­fico, flexibilidade, teste de10RM.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the autonomic cardiac modulation between professional volleyball players (VP) and recreational aerobically trained individuals (RAT). Methods: Twentyeight men were divided into two groups, (VP; n = 14) and (RAT; n = 14) and each group was subjected to a sub-maximal progressive ramp treadmill test. Cardiac cycle beat to beat (RR) intervals, was obtained through electrocardiogram recording with the test being stopped when the individual reached 85% of their maximum age-predicted heart rate (HR). The heart rate variables were calculated from ECG using MATLABbased algorithms. Results: At rest, RAT showed lower values of the mean value of RR interval, the root mean square successive difference of all RR intervals (r-MSSD), low frequency (LF) and total power spectral (TP) when compared to VP. No significant difference between groups was noted for high frequency (HF) and index LF/HF. After exercise, no significant differences were measured between groups. Mean values of VO2, VE/VO2, and VE showed no significant difference at rest and post effort. Conclusion: The variables such as frequency, intensity and volume may to interfere the autonomic cardiac modulation and possibly indicating a superior protection against exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and lower risk of sudden cardiac deaths

Low-intensity resistance exercise (RE) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) has been shown to promote similar increases in strength and hypertrophy as traditional high-intensity RE without BFR. However, the effect of BFR on the acute postexercise hypotensive response has received limited examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity exercise (HIE) vs. low-intensity RE with BFR on the postexercise hypotensive response in normotensive young subjects. Fifteen men (age: 23.4 ± 3.4 years) performed the following 2 experimental protocols in randomized order: (a) 3 sets of biceps curls (BCs) at 80% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) and 120-second rest between sets (HIE protocol) and (b) 3 sets of BCs at 40% of 1RM with BFR and 60-second rest between sets. Analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was conducted for 60 minutes after both protocols. The values for SBP, DBP, and mean blood pressure (MBP) at baseline and postexercise were not significantly different between the HIE vs. the BFR protocol. However, within the BFR protocol, significant decreases (p

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influencia de tres diferentes intervalos de recuperacao no desempenho da forca. Partici­param do experimento 10 homens (27,5 ± 7,72 anos; 77,43 ± 13,27 kg; 174 ± 5 cm) treinados. Na primeira visita, os individuos executaram o teste de 10RM, e apos 48h foram reavaliados. A aplicacao do teste 10RM obedeceu a seguinte ordem: supino horizontal (SH), cadeira extensora (CE) e rosca biceps (RB). Posteriormente, os individuos foram testados em apenas um intervalo nas tres series em cada dia. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se uma ANOVA de duas entradas para medidas repetidas em associacao ao teste post-hoc de Tukey. Comparando o numero de repeticoes dos tres exercicios, todas as series comparadas a serie anterior apresentaram reducao no numero de repeticoes (p

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different resistance exercise orders on the number of repetitions performed to failure and on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in trained women. Twenty-three women with a minimum of 2 years of resistance training experience volunteered to participate in the study (age, 24.2 +/- 4.5 years; weight, 56.9 +/- 4.7 kg; height, 162.3 +/- 5.9 cm; percent body fat, 18.2 +/- 2.9%; body mass index, 22.2 +/- 2 kg x m(-2)). Data were collected in 2 phases: (a) determination of a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for the leg-press (LP), bench press (BP), leg extension (LE), seated machine shoulder press (SP), leg curl (LC), and seated machine triceps extension (TE); and (b) execution of 3 sets, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets and exercises, until fatigue using 80% of 1RM in 2 exercise sequences of the exact opposite order--Sequence A: BP, SP, TE, LP, LE, and LC, and Sequence B: LC, LE, LP, TE, SP, and BP. The RPE (Borg CR-10) was accessed immediately after each sequence and analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements, followed by a post hoc Fisher least significant difference test where indicated was used to analyze the number of repetitions per set of each exercise during the 2 sequences. The RPE was not significantly different between the sequences. The mean number of repetitions per set was always less when an exercise was performed later in the exercise sequence. The data indicate that in trained women, performance of both large- and small-muscle group exercises is affected by exercise sequence.

Theoretically the need of the accomplishment of a heating exists before the resisted exercises (ER), however little it is known about their different protocols and his/her infl uence before the accomplishment of ER. The objective of this study was to verify the infl uence of the specifi c heating (Ae), of fl exibility heating (Af) and aerobic heating (Ar) before the development of maximum loads in 15 individuals (age 22 ± 3) seemingly healthy. The test of a maximum repetition was accomplished (1RM) in the leg-press exercise and the answer of the different types of heating was compared through ANOVA with verifi cation post-hoc of Tukey (p

Teoricamente, existe a necessidade da realizacao de um aquecimento antes dos exercicios resistidos (ER), porem pouco se sabe sobre seus diferentes protocolos e sua influencia antes da realizacao dos ER. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influencia do aquecimento especifico (Ae), aquecimento de flexibilidade (Af) e aquecimento aerobico (Ar), antes do desenvolvimento de cargas maximas, em 15 individuos (idade 22 ± 3) aparentemente saudaveis. Foi realizado o teste de uma repeticao maxima (1RM) no exercicio de leg-press, e comparou-se a resposta dos diferentes tipos de aquecimentos por meio de ANOVA, com verificacao post-hoc de Tukey (p

The aim of this study was to examine acute hormonal responses after different sequences of an upper-body resistance-exercise session. Twenty men completed 2 sessions (3 sets; 70% 1-repetition maximum; 2 min passive rest between sets) of the same exercises in opposite sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle-group exercises). Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol (C) concentrations were measured before and immediately after each sequence. The results indicate that the GH concentration increased after both sessions, but the increase was significantly greater (p < 0.05) after the sequence in which larger muscle-group exercises were performed prior to the smaller muscle-group exercises. No differences were observed between sessions for TT, FT, SHBG, C, or the T/C ratio at baseline or immediately after resistance exercise. These results indicate that performing larger muscle-group exercises first in an upper-body resistance-exercise session leads to a significantly greater GH response. This may have been due to the significantly greater exercise volume accomplished. In summary, the findings of this investigation support the common prescriptive recommendation to perform larger-muscle group exercises first during a resistance-exercise session.

Many studies have used the heart rate deflection points (HRDPs) during incremental exercise tests, because of their strong correlation with the anaerobic threshold. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the HRDPs identified by a computerized method and compare them with ventilatory and lactate thresholds. Twenty-four professional soccer players (age, 22 ± 5 years; body mass, 74 ± 7 kg; height 177 ± 7 cm) volunteered for the study. The subjects completed a Bruce-protocol incremental treadmill exercise test to volitional fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and alveolar gas exchange were recorded continuously at >=1 Hz during exercise testing. Subsequently, the time course of the HR was fit by a computer algorithm, and a set of lines yielding the lowest pooled residual sum of squares was chosen as the best fit. This procedure defined 2 HRDPs (HRDP1 and HRDP2). The HR break points averaged 43.9 ± 5.9 and 89.7 ± 7.5% of the V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak. The HRDP1 showed a poor correlation with ventilatory threshold (VT; r = 0.50), but HRDP2 was highly correlated to the respiratory compensation (RC) point (r = 0.98). Neither HRDP1 nor HRDP2 was correlated with LT1 (at V[Combining Dot Above]O2 = 2.26 ± 0.72 L·min-1; r = 0.26) or LT2 (2.79 ± 0.59 L·min-1; r = 0.49), respectively. LT1 and LT2 also were not well correlated with VT (2.93 ± 0.68 L·min-1; r = 0.20) or RC (3.82 ± 0.60 L·min-1; r = 0.58), respectively. Although the HR deflection points were not correlated to LT, HRDP2 could be identified in all the subjects and was strongly correlated with RC, consistent with a relationship to cardiorespiratory fatigue and endurance performance.

This study aimed to evaluate if androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) abuse may induce cardiac autonomic dysfunction in recreational trained subjects. Twenty-two men were volunteered for the study. The AAS group (n = 11) utilized AAS at mean dosage of 410 ± 78.6 mg/week. All of them were submitted to submaximal exercise testing using an Astrand-Rhyming protocol. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and respired gas analysis were monitored at rest, during, and post-effort. Mean values of VO2 , VCO2 , and VE were higher in AAS group only at rest. The heart rate variability variables were calculated from ECG using MATLAB-based algorithms. At rest, AAS group showed lower values of the standard deviation of R-R intervals, the proportion of adjacent R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50), the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the total, the low-frequency (LF) and the high-frequency (HF) spectral power, as compared to Control group. After submaximal exercise testing, pNN50, RMSSD, and HF were lower, and the LF/HF ratio was higher in AAS group when compared to control group. Thus, the use of supraphysiological doses of AAS seems to induce dysfunction in tonic cardiac autonomic regulation in recreational trained subjects.

The purpose of this study was to compare the postexercise hypotensive response after different rest intervals between sets (1 and 2 minutes) in normotense older men. Seventeen older men (67.6 ± 2.2 years) with at least 1 year of strength training experience participated. After determination of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) loads for exercises, subjects performed 2 different strength training sessions. On the first day, volunteers performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise at 70% 10RM, with 1 or 2 minutes' rest interval between sets depending on random assignment. On the second day, the procedures were similar but with the other rest interval. There was no difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between rest intervals at any time point measure. Before 1- and 2-minute sessions, the systolic blood pressure values were 122.7 ± 6.0 and 123.2 ± 3.7 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure values were 80.5 ± 5.6 and 82.0 ± 3.7 mm Hg, respectively. Both 1 and 2 minute sessions still presented reduced values for systolic blood pressure after 60 minutes (102.9 ± 6.9 and 106.7 ± 5.4 mm Hg, respectively), while the diastolic blood pressure presented significant reductions for 50 minutes after a 1 minute session (12.1 to 5.6 mm Hg) and for 60 minutes after the 2 minute session (13.3 to 6.5 mm Hg). Additionally, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure effect size data demonstrated higher magnitudes at all time point measures after the 2-minute rest sessions. These results suggest a poststrength training hypotensive response for both training sessions in normotense older men, with higher magnitudes for the 2-minute rest session. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use, specifically the hemodynamic response, during maximal treadmill exercise testing by comparing the exercise response between users of AAS (U-AAS) and non-AAS users (N-AAS). Twenty-four men (n = 12; 29 ± 3.4 years and n = 12; 29.5 ± 8.2 years for the U-AAS and N-AAS groups, respectively) with regular participation in both resistance (mean = 6 d·wk-1) and aerobic exercise (mean = 2 d·wk-1) volunteered for the study. Both groups of subjects completed a ramp-protocol maximal treadmill exercise test to volitional fatigue. Several hemodynamic and metabolic measures were obtained before, during, and after testing. The results demonstrate for the first time that chronic administration of high doses of AAS (355.4 ± 59.47 mg·wk-1) lead to hemodynamic and metabolic response impairment. In conclusion, the chronotropic significant incompetence in the current study was reflected by an exaggerated hemodynamic response to exercise. Furthermore, the findings suggest that nonusers of AAS showed increases in [latin capital V with dot above]o2max when compared to the AAS group. Therefore, this study provides a contraindication to AAS use, especially in those at increased risk of cardiovascular events.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar os ganhos de força e observar o comportamento da percepção subjetiva de dor (PSD) no período de oito semanas em mulheres sedentárias através de dois programas distintos de exercícios resistidos. O estudo foi composto de 16 mulheres (27,5 ± 4,8 anos; 57 ± 3,9 kg; 162,8 ± 3,3 cm; 21,4 ± 1, kg/m2 aparentemente saudáveis e sedentárias. Elas foram separadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos distintos: Grupo 1 (G1) - os indivíduos nas duas primeiras semanas realizaram duas séries em 10 repetições com carga que variava de 40 a 60% do peso corporal. Entre a 3a e a 4 semana treinaram com três séries de 10 repetições a 80% de 1RM (repetição máxima). Entre a 5a e a 8a semana ocorreu aumento progressivo do número de séries para quatro, mantendo o número de repetições (10 repetições) e a mesma sobrecarga; Grupo 2 (G2) - foi realizado um programa de treinamento contínuo de três séries de 10 repetições nas duas primeiras semanas com uma carga que variava de 40 a 60% do peso corporal. Nas semanas subseqüentes o treinamento foi alterado para quatro séries de 10 repetições com uma carga equivalente a 80% de 1RM ao longo das oito semanas de treinamento. Para análise da força muscular foi utilizado o teste de 1RM no final da 2a, 4a, 6a e 8a semanas com intuito de verificar o comportamento da força muscular e otimizar a carga de treinamento. Os exercícios utilizados no protocolo de treinamento e no teste de 1RM foram: leg press 45°, extensão de joelho, flexão de joelho, puxada pela frente, flexão de cotovelo e extensão de cotovelo. A PSD foi apresentada a cada voluntário 48h pós a realização de cada teste de 1RM. A ANOVA Two Way seguida do teste post hoc de Bonferroni verificou que os resultados intra-grupos para G1 apresentaram diferença significativa para todos os exercícios em todos os testes. Contudo, em G2 a diferença significativa foi observada, em grande parte dos exercícios, somente do 3º e 4º teste em relação ao 1º teste. Para as análises inter-grupos o teste Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes verificou ganhos de força significativo do G1 em relação a G2 nos exercícios leg press 45°, rosca tríceps e rosca bíceps. Em relação a PSD foi observada uma queda significativa na escala analógica de G1 em relação a G2 (p