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Objectives: Previous research on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy has found that sociodemographic factors including sex, age, education and occupation were associated with vaccination acceptance, along with other variables like trust in authorities, risk perception of COVID-19 and perception of vaccine efficacy and safety. However, this research has been limited by the use of non-validated measures for vaccination hesitancy and utilizing general samples that did not focus on minoritized groups. The purpose of the current study was to determine factors associated with vaccination uptake in a community sample of predominantly Black and Latinx adults. Methods: One-hundred and nine participants (70% female, 40% Black, 40% Latinx) completed a survey assessing sociodemographic variables, vaccination uptake, medical mistrust and vaccination attitudes. Results: Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher scores on the mistrust of the vaccine benefit subscale were associated with lower vaccination uptake (OR = 0.45, p < 0.001) and higher levels of education was associated with higher levels of vaccine uptake (OR = 1.56; p = 0.048). No other demographic variables, nor other aspects of vaccination hesitancy, were associated with vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings speak to the importance of dispelling misinformation and building community trust in public health efforts. Specifically, vaccine mistrust may be an especially important focus of community-based education efforts.