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El concepto de determinismo contextualiza el problema de la inducción: ¿cómo establecer verdades generales a partir de observaciones particulares? o ¿cómo podemos predecir eventos en el futuro a partir de hechos singulares del presente? Jules Lachelier en la búsqueda de un principio de la inducción recorre los fundamentos propuestos por la lógica- formal, por las tendencias empiristas y racionalistas, por aquellas provenientes del naturalismo y psicologismo intuicionista, y por aquella de la metafísica. Este recorrido forma parte de su metodología para testimoniar que es más apropiado para el problema de inducción el fundamento del realismo espiritualista.

Legal exclusions and cultural factors reproduce barriers to health care by enforcing boundaries between citizens and immigrants, leading to a range of health risks and disparities for Latinx immigrant and Indigenous communities. This study utilized a mixed-methods examination of news media and ethnographic interviews guided by a decolonial-inspired framework to demonstrate the linkages between policy discourse and health behaviors. Both newspaper articles and interviews with affected stakeholders show how immigrants and their families experience more significant health risks because of policy changes and proposals. Regardless of the political regime, media discourses that promote fear and threat sustain the overall effects of immigration policy enforcement strategies on health. Immigration policy is health policy, and these laws should be evaluated in terms of their impact on public health, in addition to other factors. Furthermore, the news media is a contextual factor for health promotion strategies and a target for health advocates working with immigrant and Indigenous communities.

Social movements scholars have widely used the framing perspective to analyze meaning-making related to social movements and contentious politics. Qualitative methods have helped to illuminate how activists frame social issues to combine meanings in strategic ways. By contrast, linear statistical modeling is ill-suited to analyze the interdependent and circuitous aspects of collective action frames. This study offers a multimethod approach that uses an abductive framework to combine techniques from computational text analysis and network modeling along with interpretive coding. I demonstrate this approach in the context of framing disputes through legal mobilization over the same-sex marriage in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges. By examining Court discourse and amicus briefs, I show the coordination of similarities and distinctions among opposing social movement groups and elite actors. Future research can expand this method for both case studies and comparative analyses of movements.

En el artículo se analiza el concepto de probabilidad a partir de las convergencias de pensamientos entre David Hume y Jean Nicod, quedando de manifiesto que la probabilidad es ajena a cualquiera metafísica substancialista y con ello se proclama una des-ontologización. Hume considera que el racionalismo newtoniano aporta verdades infalibles y que contrariamente el conocimiento del sentido común produce solo explicaciones probabilísticas. Nicod critica la lógica de las metodologías inductivistas de investigación propuestas por Francis Bacon y por John Stuart Mill, quienes pretenden establecer certezas en el conocimiento. Hume y Nicod se inclinan por una concepción pragmática del conocimiento.

Research suggests that, through direct intervention and role modeling, student peers may be particularly well-suited to address bullying and discrimination based on gender and sexuality. To investigate the factors predicting students’ self-reported intervention behaviors when witnessing harassment based on sexual orientation and gender identity, this study analyzes youth-led survey data collected at five Midwestern high schools (n = 1046). The sample was majority white (65.8%), cisgender (90.8%), and heterosexual (78.4%). We found that in addition to overall school climate and witnessing others intervene, schools having race-related curriculum significantly predicted intervention behaviors around gender and sexuality and that LGBTQ-related curricula did not predict such actions. The authors propose that the discrepancy may be due to an association between race curricula and social justice frameworks, in contrast with the emphasis on individuality and health in LGBTQ-inclusive curricula.

Risk behaviors are known to adversely affect health outcomes, but the relationship between youth risk behaviors and oral health remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine the likelihood of dental visiting among Hawai‘i public high school students by demographic factors and number of adverse risk behaviors. Aggregated 2013 and 2015 Hawai‘i public high school Youth Risk and Behavior Survey (YRBS) data was analyzed from 10,720 students. Results showed that, overall, 77.1% of students reported a dental visit in the past 12 months. Students who were ages 15, 16, 17, and ≥ 18 years old were less likely than students who were ≤ 14 years old to visit a dentist. Those who identified as Hispanic, Native Hawaiian, Filipino, Other Pacific Islander, and students who identified as more than one race/ethnicity were less likely to visit the dentist than their white counterparts. In addition, students having either 4 risk behaviors or ≥ 5 risk behaviors were less likely to report a dental visit than those with no risk behaviors. These findings support the presence of disparities in oral health care utilization among high school students in Hawai‘i and reveal a significant association between age, number of risk behaviors, and race/ethnicity with the likelihood of utilizing dental services. Oral health programs should consider screening for risk factors and multiple risk behaviors, integrating with other health programs that share similar risk behaviors, and account for cultural differences in their development, implementation, and evaluation.

Novelist Alex Espinoza examines ways in which memory and place are tied to specific geographic sites of knowledge throughout his life as a Californian. His journey from the factory-lined streets and avenues of the San Gabriel Valley and the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area to the fields and farms of the Central Valley provide the author a change to examine what is lost and gained when patters of migration and movement give rise to new opportunities that both challenge and affirm our vast and complex identities as Californians

En la literatura filosófica el tema de las creencias se puede identificar históricamente con David Hume y el sentido común. Las creencias son sistemas dinámicos y su resignificación es constante. Charles Sanders Peirce interpretaría la fijación de las creencias en Hume, como aquella que se fija a través del arte, siendo ésta un método que se acomoda bien con el de la ciencia. Las verdades establecidas en las creencias son siempre probables y dependen del grado de utilidad que ellas presten. El grado de utilidad se complementa con la comprensión, las explicaciones son multicausales.

This article arose out of the interests and concerns of a group of Chilean social science researchers (psychology, social work, and philosophy) who wanted to reflect upon and analyze the phenomenon of gender-based domestic violence among urban Aymara women residents in northern Chile in a critical and interdisciplinary manner. After working on two research projects funded by a Spanish state agency, whose objective was the diagnosis of indexes and forms of domestic violence among these women, the authors begin to reflect after recognizing their initial Westernized and colonized vision of the concept of violence and how this view changed during the course of the research. At the same time, we focused our thinking on clarifying ethical issues that emerged after we conducted the research, mainly concerning the question of whether “the act of investigation” could have been a way of perpetuating patterns of violence among local Andean communities, due to the Westernized approach we used as researchers.

En este artículo se analiza la participación de los entes inobservables o teóricos en las teorías filosóficas cuyo contenido es el problema de la relación entre el cuerpo y la mente. Las concepciones sustancialistas, fisicalistas, conductistas filosóficas y escépticas son las fuentes de inspiración y desde las cuales se busca determinar la pertinencia o falta de pertinencia de los entes teóricos en el problema cuerpo-mente.

“Extremely Brown and Incredibly Ignored,” Alex Espinoza, California State University, Fresno.

¿Qué ontología subyace en los principales modelos de la cognición? ¿Qué trajo el paradigma cognitivo? ¿Qué compromiso filosófico adquirimos cuando, conscientes o no, teñimos nuestra concepción de lo real, especialmente de los sistemas biológicos inteligentes, con la explicación que damos funcionamiento de un sistema informático? La hipótesis que defendemos es que con respecto a la cognición y dentro de un marco conceptual naturalista y emergentista, debemos (y podemos) reconocer el límite entre lo que es, en principio, explicable y lo que no lo es.

Se busca determinar la relación entre pasión y razón en Thomas Hobbes, pensador inglés considerado racionalista tanto como irracionalista. Para explicar esta aparente paradoja, se examinan las nociones de pasión y razón en el contexto de la filosofía materialista y fisicalista de Hobbes y asimismo, la conexión con el nominalismo y el sensualismo. Se demuestra, así, que las pasiones son el principio del movimiento en los hombres y que el pensamiento está a su servicio. Se describe el proceso racional constituyente de una nueva lógica, la del cálculo o la computación. Se concluye que ambos temas, al parecer, no están claramente conectados en la obra de Hobbes a pesar de su intento por hacer del poder, la pasión más fuerte, aquélla que pueda introducir orden en el pensamiento.