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2. Heterogeneity and Hierarchy of Immune Response to Primary Immunization in HIV-Infected Children on HAART and the Impact of an Additional Dose of Vaccine

Author

Mathew, Sonia, primary, Alex, Diviya, additional, Demosthenes, John Paul, additional, Rose, Winsley, additional, Chacko, Anila, additional, Kompithra, Rajeev Zachariah, additional, Ramalingam, Veena Vadhini, additional, Prakash, John Antony Jude, additional, Mathai, John, additional, Fletcher, Gnanadurai John, additional, Abraham, Priya, additional, Verghese, Valsan Philip, additional, and Kannangai, Rajesh, additional

Published
2024
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3. Prevalence and potential impact of human pegivirus-1 on HIV-1 disease progression among Indian PLHIV.

Author

Alex, Diviya, Steve, Runal J., Ramalingam, Veena V., Demosthenes, John P., Vijayalakshmi, Gopinathan, Ghale, Ben C., Rupali, Priscilla, Varghese, George M., Daniel, Dolly, Rebekah, Grace, Fletcher, Gnanadurai J., Abraham, Priya, and Kannangai, Rajesh

Abstract

Introduction: Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) influences the pathogenesis and outcome of viral infections. We investigated the prevalence and impact of HPgV-1 due to the paucity of studies on Indian people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methodology: Samples were collected from 347 treatment-naïve PLHIV; and 100 blood donors negative for HIV, HBV, and HCV. CD4+ T- cell and HIV-1 viral load were measured using flow-cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. HPgV-1 was quantified and genotyped by qPCR and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Results: HPgV-1 viremia in PLHIV and controls was 11% (38/347) and 1% (1/100), respectively. We found HPgV-1 genotype-2a in PLHIV and genotype-2b in controls. Male preponderance was seen in HIV-1 mono-infection and co-infection groups (166 vs. 143 and 33 vs. 5; p < 0.0001). The peak prevalence of HPgV-1 was at 31--50 years (p = 0.02). CD4+ T-cell count (245.5 vs. 240; p = 0.59) and HIV-1 log viral load (4.7 vs. 4.9; p = 0.50) were not significantly different between the HIV-1 mono-infected and coinfected individuals. However, a direct correlation existed between HpgV-1 viral load and CD4+ T-cell count (r = 0.27, p = 0.05) and an inverse correlation with HIV-1 viral load (r = -0.21, p = 0.10). Conclusions: This is the first study in India to estimate the HPgV-1 prevalence in PLHIV with the predominance of genotype-2a. HPgV-1 viremia had a moderate impact on CD4+ T-cells and HIV-1 viral load, which requires a longitudinal study to identify the beneficial influence on HIV-1 disease progression and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Challenges and Pragmatic Solutions for Assessing the Reliability of HIV-1 Viral Load Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Settings

Author

Demosthenes, John Paul, Ghale, Ben Chirag, Alex, Diviya, Ramalingam, Veena Vadhini, Fletcher, Gnanadurai John, Abraham, Priya, and Kannangai, Rajesh

Abstract

Introduction:HIV-1 RNA detection is the most reliable method for monitoring treatment response among people living with HIV. Effective quality control measures that include internal quality control (IQC) are challenging in resource-constrained settings. Methods:We ascertained the utility of the kit low positive control (LPC) as an effective IQC to monitor the reliability of the HIV-1 viral load assay. Variations in LPC values were measured for 390 different runs over 10 years (2011–2021) and compared to in-house IQC data using Levey-Jennings control chart. Results:Overall, the Levey-Jennings analysis showed minimal variation (±0.5 log) for both the LPC and IQC data. The mean LPC value for first 20 runs (20 days) was 2.91. The mean LPC value for the 390 runs comprising 35 different lots was 3.01 ± 0.1 log. Conclusion:Our decadal data reveal that Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (Abbott Molecular Inc., IL, USA) LPC exhibited no significant biological variation over 390 runs distributed over 10 years. Hence, assay LPC can supplant the IQC for monitoring assay trends as a stable and commutable material in resource-constrained settings.

Published
2024
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7. Autoantibodies Among HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on It

Author

Steve, Runal John, primary, Alex, Diviya, additional, Yesudhason, Binesh Lal, additional, Prakash, John Antony Jude, additional, Mathews, Nitty Skariah, additional, Daniel, Dolly, additional, Ramalingam, Veena Vadhini, additional, Demosthenes, John Paul, additional, Ghale, Ben Chirag, additional, Anantharam, Raghavendran, additional, Rebekah, Grace, additional, Rupali, Priscilla, additional, Varghese, George Mannil, additional, and Kannangai, Rajesh, additional

Published
2021
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8. Performance of a Modified In-House HIV-1 Avidity Assay among a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of ART on the Maturation of HIV-1 Specific Antibodies

Author

Alex, Diviya, primary, Raj Williams, Tennison Inba, additional, Sachithanandham, Jaiprasath, additional, Prasannakumar, Swaminathan, additional, Demosthenes, John Paul, additional, Ramalingam, Veena Vadhini, additional, Victor, Punitha John, additional, Rupali, Priscilla, additional, Fletcher, Gnanadurai John, additional, and Kannangai, Rajesh, additional

Published
2019
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