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Scratch which is one of the block-based software for facilitating programming teaching is commonly used for beginners of learning programming. However, there is a lack of studies about the perceptions of information and communication technologies (ICT) teachers regarding the contributions of this visual programming language. Therefore, this study deals with developing a scale for measuring ICT teachers’ perceptions based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) about Scratch’s contributions in teaching programming. The sample of the study includes 265 ICT teachers from Turkish Ministry of National Education (MoNE) secondary schools who used Scratch software in their courses. According to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses results, final version for perceptions scale of ICT teachers regarding the contributions of block-based visual programming language (Scratch) includes 28 items. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient is 0.97. This scale can help the practitioners who aims at understanding the contributions of Scratch and the other block-based visual programming languages from ICT teachers’ perspective; the researchers who wish to investigate this contribution according to various variables and the decision-makers of using Scratch in programming instruction programs.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate on-line learning readiness levels of student teachers according to several variables. By using purposive sampling method, the sample consisted of 270 (200 female and 70 male) student teachers in Turkey. Data collection tools include (i) Student Demographics Form with 18 items, (ii) On-line Learning Readiness Scale with 18 items and five factors. Statistically, the quantitative data were analyzed via ANOVA, t-test and ANCOVA. The findings suggest that mean of on-line learning readiness levels of student teachers is at good level. On-line learning readiness levels of student teachers are significantly different according to their departments [F(4,265)=3.450, p=0.09]. Namely, the mean scores for the students from Elementary Education and Pre-school Education departments were significantly higher than those from Social Science Education department. Besides, student teachers who has Internet access had higher on-line learning readiness scores (M= 67.27, SD=9.86) than did those without access (M= 60.14, SD=10.64), t(268)=3.16, p=.002. There are also significant differences between student teachers’ on-line learning readiness scores per their perceived information and communication technology use competency and departments after differences in accessibility to the Internet is controlled (p

In a digitally driven world, behaviours of future teachers for blended learning (both face-to-face and on-line classes) need to be examined. This study serves three purposes. The first is to examin...

The last two decades have witnessed the digital transformation which affected society, economy, and education as well. Especially higher education (HE) institutions are rapidly making some of their programs compatible with teaching at a distance. However, the digitalization of learning-teaching and proliferation of distance education systems of countries are not equal. The funding for distance education varies among countries, also starts for distance teaching practices.