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Chrysomelidae is a family of phytophagous insects with a highly variable degree of trophic specialization. The aim of this study is to test whether species feeding on different plants (generalists) harbour more complex microbiotas than those feeding on a few or a single plant species (specialists). The microbiota of representative leaf beetle species was characterized with a metabarcoding approach targeting V1–V2 and V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA. Almost all the analysed species harbour at least one reproductive manipulator bacteria (e.g., Wolbachia, Rickettsia). Two putative primary symbionts, previously isolated only from a single species (Bromius obscurus), have been detected in two species of the same subfamily, suggesting a widespread symbiosis in Eumolpinae. Surprisingly, the well-known aphid symbiont Buchnera is well represented in the microbiota of Orsodacne humeralis. Moreover, in this study, using Hill numbers to dissect the components of the microbiota diversity (abundant and rare bacteria), it has been demonstrated that generalist insect species harbour a more diversified microbiota than specialists. The higher microbiota diversity associated with a wider host-plant spectrum could be seen as an adaptive trait, conferring new metabolic potential useful to expand the diet breath, or as a result of environmental stochastic acquisition conveyed by diet.

Classical biological control of weeds depends on finding agents that are highly host-specific. This requires not only correctly understanding the identity of the target plant, sometimes to subspecific levels, in order to find suitable agents, but also identifying agents that are sufficiently specific to be safe and effective. Behavioral experiments and molecular genetic tools have revealed that some arthropod species previously thought to be polyphagous really consist of multiple cryptic species, host races or biotypes, some of which are more host-specific than others. Whereas true species are reproductively isolated, individuals from subspecific populations may potentially interbreed with those of other populations if they should encounter them. Furthermore, biotypes may consist of individuals sharing a genotype that is not fixed within a monophyletic group, and thus may not be evolutionarily stable. This raises the question of how such populations should be classified, and how to confirm the identity of live arthropods before releasing them as classical biological control agents. The existence of host races or cryptic species may greatly increase the number of prospective biological control agents available. However, it may also create new challenges for governmental regulation. These issues are discussed using pertinent examples, mainly from North America.

Not available, Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. 51 No. 1 (2019)

The flea beetle, Psylliodes chalcomera, was previously permitted as a biological control agent of Carduus nutans (musk thistle) in the USA. However, during subsequent exploration for prospective biological control agents of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle), we observed individuals attacking this plant in southern Russia. We also observed this insect on Onopordum spp. (Scotch thistle), which raised the question whether this beetle is polyphagous, or whether it is comprised of biotypes, host races or cryptic species that are specialized on different host plants. We analyzed a fragment of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of adult and larval specimens collected from these three plants in Bulgaria, Italy, Russia and Turkey to study the population structure of this beetle. The results indicate at least three different groups: 1) associated with C. solstitialis in Bulgaria, Russia and Turkey, 2) associated with Onopordum spp. in Bulgaria, Russia and Turkey, and 3) associated with Carduus spp., Onopordum spp., and possibly C. solstitialis, in Bulgaria, Italy, Russia and Turkey. Adult specimens indicated a fourth group associated with Onopordum spp. and C. solstitialis in Turkey, but we did not have any larval specimens to confirm the host plant of this group. Our results suggest that three of these biotypes could be interesting to evaluate as prospective candidates for classical biological control of these three weed targets.

Combined morphological and ecological data, together with molecular evidence from a companion paper, are presented to clarify the taxonomic position of four problematic species, members of the Brassicogethes coracinus group, from north-western Spain, eastern Turkey, and Tajikistan (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). This species-group was represented by a dozen anthophagous species associated with Brassicaceae, and distributed from North Africa to Middle Asia and southern Siberia. The analysis was mainly focused on the specific distinction and formal description of two new species from E Turkey, B. gloriae sp. nov., and B. coracimimus sp. nov., one species from Tajikistan, B. capannai sp. nov., and one additional new species, B. cantabricus sp. nov., from Cantabrian Mts in NW Spain. B. gloriae sp. nov., strictly associated with Neotchihatchewia isatidea (Boissier) Rauschert (Brassicaceae, Lunarieae), is morphologically related to but molecularly distinct from the rare and sympatric B. longulus (Schilsky, 1894). B. coracimimus sp. nov., whose larval host-plant is unknown, is morphologically and molecularly related to the amply sympatric and common B. coracinus (Sturm, 1845). B. cantabricus sp. nov., strictly associated with Sisymbrium irio L. (Brassicaceae, Sisymbrieae), is morphologically related to but molecularly markedly distinct from the parapatric B. subaeneus (Sturm, 1845). B. capannai sp. nov., whose larval host-plant is unknown, is morphologically related to the rare and allopatric B. longulus (Schilsky, 1894). A short discussion of the state of art of the taxonomy and phylogeny of members of the B. coracinus group, a key to the identification of the 16 known species, and an updated synoptic table including larval host-plant relationship and geographical distribution of each included species, are finally provided. © Springer-Verlag 2011.

Elevational gradients are characterized by strong abiotic variation within small geographical distances and provide a powerful tool to evaluate community response to variation in climatic and other environmental factors. We explored how temperature and habitat diversity shape the diversity of holometabolous predator and parasitoid insects along temperate elevational gradients in the European Alps. We surveyed insect communities along 12 elevational transects that were selected to separate effects of temperature from those of habitat diversity. Pitfall traps and pan traps were placed every 100 m of elevation increment along the transects ranging from 120 to 2200 m a.s.l. Sampling took place once a month from June to September 2015. Four groups characterized by having at least one life stage behaving as predator or parasitoid were examined: tachinids (Diptera), hoverflies (Diptera), sphecids (Hymenoptera) and ground beetles (Coleoptera). Species richness and evenness changed with elevation, but the shape and direction of the elevation–diversity patterns varied between groups. The effect of temperature on species richness was positive for all groups except for hoverflies. Habitat diversity did not affect species richness, while it modulated the evenness of most groups. Often, elevational patterns of species richness and evenness were contrasting. Our study indicates that natural enemies characterized by diverse ecological requirements can be differentially affected by temperature and habitat diversity across the same elevational gradients. As climate warming is predicted to increase mean annual temperatures and exacerbate weather variability, it is also expected to strongly influence natural enemies and their ability to regulate herbivore populations.

The pollen-beetle Sebastiangethes anthystrixoides, n.gen., n.sp. from northern South Africa is described. The taxonomic position of Sebastiangethes, the related genus Anthystrix Kirejtshuk, 1981, as well as a relatively large assemblage of partially undescribed allied African taxa is discussed in the context of the Oriental genus Cyclogethes Kirejtshuk, 1979. An informal taxonomic assemblage named “Anthystrix-complex of genera” is here introduced. The previously unknown larval host-plants of African members of this “Anthystrix-complex of genera” are identified as dioecious trees belonging to Asteraceae within the tribe Tarchonantheae (genera Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena). Concepts of the generic and subgeneric classification of the subfamily Meligethinae also are discussed.

An open-field test was conducted in southern France to assess the host-specificity of Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger), a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle. Test plants were infested by naturally occurring populations of C. basicorne but were also exposed to sympatric herbivore species, including other Ceratapion spp. Insects from the test plants were collected directly into tubes of ethanol and were subsequently identified to species according to DNA sequence similarity with morphologically identified reference specimens. This integrated, morphological and molecular identification method was used in an effort to maximize the amount of data gained in the field bioassay and to minimize the number of taxonomist–hours necessary to complete the study. The results obtained showed that the French C. basicorne population only attacked yellow starthistle and cornflower, another known host of C. basicorne. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the insects collected from all other nonhost plants rejected the possibility that any were C. basicorne.

A combined morphological and bionomical analysis was performed to clarify the position of a problematic species of the Meligethes lugubris group from Sardinia and Corsica (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). This species-group is represented by a dozen anthophagous species associated with Lamiaceae, and distributed from North Africa to Japan. The analysis was mainly focused on the specific distinction and formal description of a new species, M. foddaii Audisio, De Biase & Trizzino sp. nov., from Sardinia and Corsica. The species is morphologically scarcely distinguishable from the allopatric M. lugubris Sturm and M. gagathinus Erichson (both widespread in southern Europe). An identification key to Euro-Mediterranean members of the M. lugubris complex is provided. Combined morphological, ecological, phenological, and preliminary molecular data are presented to support the distinction of the new species. The palaeogeographical scenario explaining the likely Plio-Pleistocene differentiation of the three species, which are all associated with the related Lamiaceae genera Mentha and Thymus, is also briefly discussed.

A morphological analysis was performed in order to clarify the taxonomic scenario within the Hydraena evanescens complex (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae: Hydraeninae), including species associated with fast running waters in mountain areas of Corsica and Sardinia. The analysis was mainly focused on the specific distinction and formal description of a new species, H. rosannae sp. nov., from the Sulcis-Iglesiente region (SW Sardinia), morphologically distinctly separated from both the nearly parapatric H. tyrrhena Binaghi, 1961 (central and northern Sardinia) and the allopatric H. evanescens Rey, 1884 (Corsica). Two hypothetical palaeogeographical scenarios explaining the specific differentiation of the three species are briefly discussed.

The 17 known members of the mostly Western Palaearctic Brassicogethes coracinus species group (highly specialized pollen beetles associated with flowers of Brassicaceae) were re-analyzed, with the aim to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships and the pattern of evolution of their larval/host-plant associations. Evidence from mtDNA data (COI marker), combined with an estimation of divergence times, placed the main differentiation of the clade around 5 My with most species likely differentiated in the last 1–2 My. Combined evidence from mtDNA, morphology and ancestral state parsimony reconstruction of larval/host-plant associations, suggested that Brassicaceae of the tribe Brassiceae likely represented the ancestral host plants for the group, with a subsequent series of independent host shifts during the evolution and radiation of the clade (in association first with Cardamineae, and later with Arabideae, Sisymbrieae, Erysimeae, Hesperideae and Anchonieae). Molecular and ecological evidence also suggests the need to formally separate European populations of the widespread Brassicogethes subaeneus (Sturm, 1845) into two distinct and widely sympatric cryptic taxa, one of them described herein as new (Brassicogethes cardaminicola sp. nov.). The neotype of the true B. subaeneus is also herein designated.

Results of a molecular analysis on the European hermit beetles (the Osmoderma eremita species-complex), recently published in a companion paper, are shortly dis- cussed and commented. These results indicate a clear-cut distinction between two clades. The first one includes the W-European O. eremita Scopoli, 1763, and the two Italian endemic taxa O. italicum Sparacio, 2000 and O. cristinae Sparacio, 1994, from southern peninsular Italy and Sicily, respectively. The second one includes the widespread E-European O. barnabita Motschulsky, 1845 (nom. resurr.), and the southern Balcanic O. lassallei Baraud & Tauzin, 1991 from Greece and European Turkey. Within the two clades, molecular data well support a specific rank for O. lassallei and O. barn­abita on one side, and of O. eremita and O. cristinae on the other side, while the taxonomic position of O. italicum, more closely related with O. eremita, is still uncertain, waiting for analysis of additional specimens of this very rare taxon. Current geographical distribution, interspecific genetic diversification, and relatively low levels of intraspecific genetic divergence in O. eremita sensu stricto, are hypothesized to be the result of multiple speciation events (mainly occurred in refugial forest areas of the Italian and Balkan peninsulas and Sicily before and during the Pleistocene glacial peaks), followed by fast post-glacial northward and westward expansion of some species. The need of further genetic data on the rare and threatened hermit beetle species and the importance of more detailed information on their distribution ranges are emphasized and discussed, in order to plan conservation strategies in the near future. An updated worldwide checklist of the species of the genus Osmoderma is finally presented., Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. 39 No. 2 (2007)

The taxonomic identification and a re‐description of the problematic Meligethes longulus Schilsky, 1894 from eastern Turkey are presented. This species, belonging to the M. coracinus complex and known so far on the basis of a single immature holo‐type, was repeatedly confused in the past with other closely related taxa, thus introducing considerable instability in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the whole group, involving several distinct biological species throughout southern Europe and western Asia. The recent re‐discovery of this species in eastern Turkey allowed M. longulus to be definitely identified as being an extremely rare and localized species, with larval stages strictly associated with the host‐plant Matthiola odoratissima (Bieb.) R.Br. (Brassicaceae), in dry exposed terrigenous and sandy hill slopes of eastern Turkey. An updated key to the identification of both described and un‐described members of the M. coracinus complex is also presented, and a rather isolated species of the M. ...

Molecular analyses on the Brassicogethes coracinus species complex (pollen beetles associated with Brassicaceae) were performed to explore genetic and ecological diversification, and robustness of the current morphologically based classification. Complete COI sequences (1,542 bp) were obtained from 69 individuals assigned to 10 recognized species and from 5 individuals of the designated outgroup (B. aeneus). Mean interspecific divergence within the clade varied from 0.005 to 0.283. The species B. epeirosi, B. subaeneus and B. cantabricus were associated with the tribe Arabideae and found to occupy basal most positions in the phylogeny, whereas all other species, mostly associated with the tribe Hesperideae, grouped together. In the latter group, B. erysimicola and B. coracinus occupied a basal position adjacent to a wider cluster of mixed haplotypes, likely, due to incomplete lineage sorting or past hybridization events. New data based on nuclear genetic markers are currently being collected to pursue a multilocus analysis. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

Marine rock-pools, commonly found along the Mediterranean coasts, are isolated patches of habitat characterised by large spatial and temporal variations. The phylogeography of Calobius quadricollis and C. urbanelliae, two sibling species of moss beetles (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) inhabiting Italian temporary marine rock-pool ecosystems, were studied using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Our data suggest a strong association between the scored genetic variability and the geographical distribution of populations sampled for both species. These analyses provided evidences of episodic species range expansion and fragmentation, recurrent “flush and crash” and bottleneck episodes probably occurring during the Glacial Cycles. The observed phylogeographical pattern is probably related to the historical and biogeographical processes of Mediterranean areas, as well as both to the ephemeral habitat tipology and limited dispersal ability of these beetles.

research, This paper updates our present knowledge on the geographical distribution and host plant relationships of Turkish species of the sap- and pollen-beetle family Nitidulidae. Priazenobia Jelínek, 1997 from eastern Mediterranean areas is synonymized with Pria angustula Cooper, 1982, from South Africa (syn. nov.). The unknown ovipositor of Xerogethes osellai Audisio Jelínek, 2000, a species endemic to central Turkey, is described, and the first information on its biology is reported. Glischrochilus quadripunctatus(Linnaeus, 1758)(Tunceli Province) and Pityophagus quercus Reitter, 1877 (Balikesir Province) are first recorded for the Turkish fauna.The distributions of Glischrochilus hortensis (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785), Soronia grisea (Linnaeus, 1758),Brassicogethes cristofaroi(Audisio De Biase, 2005), Stachygethes zarudnyi (Kirejtshuk, 1984), S. assimilis (Sturm, 1845), Sagittogethes biondii (Audisio, 1988), and S. hoffmanni (Reitter, 1871) are updated. The previously unknown larval host plants of other Turkish and Balkan Meligethinae are identified, and Clypeogethes chlorocyaneus (Jelínek Audisio, 1977) is first reported from Greece. Finally, a new updated checklist of the Turkish Nitidulidae is presented.

An allozyme analysis was performed, combined with field data on insect/host‐plant associations, in order to clarify taxonomic relationships within the W‐Palaearctic Meligethes coracinus complex (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). The analysis was focused on the specific distinction of M. coracinus, M. matronalis and M. subaeneus, with special regard to the last two species occurring in sympatry. Alternative fixed and unique alleles were scored at several loci. The genetic distances between M. matronalis, M. subaeneus and M. coracinus (0.198–0.572) were in the range of values usually scored between closely related insect species. Genetic data and ecological evidence clearly show that M. matronalis and M. subaeneus, erroneously synonymized in a recent paper, are distinct biological species that frequently occur in syntopy in central and southern Europe, on different larval host plants, although they rarely show synchronous phenology. Their specific differentiation likely occurred during the pa...

Allozyme and RAPD analysis were performed to clarify taxonomic relationships within the Meligethes viridescens complex (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Five populations from Central Italy belonging to three species: M. viridescens , M. czwalinai , and a new undescribed species ( M . sp. cfr. viridescens ), and one population of the morphologically well-differentiated M. aeneus were analysed. The degree of observed genetic differentiation supports separation at the specific rank of M. viridescens , M. czwalinai , and M . sp. cfr. viridescens . The species’ ecology and morphological observations based on scanning electron microscopy also supports such a taxonomic separation. The M13 RAPD primer is a diagnostic marker for distinguishing the four species. Estimates of divergence times calculated from allozymic genetic distance data suggest that the pattern of differentiation observed may be related to the palaeoclimatic changes during the Plio/Pleistocene ice cycles in southern Europe.

The Red Palm Weevil is an invasive pest causing huge damages by attacking several palm species of the family Arecaeae. One of the most important challenges of conservation biology for the near future is the management of biological invasions and their effects. In this study we used 454 pyrosequencing and in silico mining to identify novel microsatellite markers for investigating the reproductive biology and the invasion dynamics, crucial to plan the control strategies against the pest. We report 14 variable microsatellites out of 37 screened for levels of polymorphism. Allele number per locus ranged between 2 and 15 and Ho from 0.04 to 0.86.

The introduced European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis is a key biocontrol agent of lygus bug pests in agricultural crops in the Northeastern USA. Changes in cultural practices and reduction of alfalfa culture have significantly reduced its abundance in its native range from historic levels. Of 48 microsatellite loci isolated from P. digoneutis genome using 454 pyrosequencing, 24 were retained based upon consistent amplification. Sixteen loci exhibited polymorphism in populations sampled in France and the USA. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 9. The observed heterozygosity (H o) and the expected heterozygosity (H e) varied from 0.043 to 0.710 and from 0.103 to 0.728, respectively. Most loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with the exclusion of five loci. These polymorphic loci will be valuable for population genetic studies and genetic conservation for P. digoneutis.

The use of molecular techniques is rapidly growing as the tools have become more diverse and powerful, more widely available, and easier to implement. Molecular analyses are able to elucidate information about target weeds that is critical to improving control success, such as taxonomic clarification, evidence of hybridization and cryptic species, better development of test plant lists, population structure and origin of invasions. Similarly, molecular approaches can improve our knowledge of biological control agents, providing taxonomic clarity, identification of immature arthropods and fungal pathogens, and description of genetic variability in agents. Molecular tools also allow easier identification of host associations and provide a tool for post-release evaluation and tracking of agents. This review provides an overview of how to use molecular approaches in biological control of weeds, with the aim of assisting the adoption and facilitating fruitful collaboration between scientists studying the biology and ecology of agents and their targets and those with skills using molecular approaches. We describe the current molecular techniques relevant to classical biological control of weeds, instruct how to collect field materials for molecular analyses, and give recent examples of the use of molecular methods in biological control of weeds, with comments on the most appropriate methods for analysis of molecular data.

A comparative analysis of ITS2 sequences and secondary structures in 89 species of pollen beetles of the subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) was performed. The ITS2 folding pattern was highly conserved and comparable with the general model proposed for eukaryotes. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were responsible for most of the observed nucleotide variability (approximately 1-3%) and length variation (359-459bp). When plotted on secondary structures, SSRs mapped in expansion segments positioned at the apices of three ITS2 helices ('A', 'B' and 'D1') and appeared to have evolved under mechanisms of compensatory slippage. Homologies among SSRs nucleotides could not be unambiguously assigned, and thus were not useful to resolve phylogeny. However, slippage-derived motifs provided some preliminary genetic support for newly proposed taxonomic arrangements of several genera and subgenera of Meligethinae, corroborating existing morphological and ecological datasets.

The organization of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) of the pollen beetle Meligethes thalassophilus is described. This mtDNA CR represents the longest sequenced for beetles so far, since the entire nucleotide sequence ranges from approximately 5000 to approximately 5500 bp. The CR of M. thalassophilus is organized in three distinct domains: a conserved domain near the tRNAIle gene, a variable domain flanking the 12S rRNA gene, and a relatively large central tandem array made up of a variable number of approximately 170 bp repeats that is responsible for the intraspecific length variation observed. Like other CRs found in insects, the M. thalassophilus CR contains two long homopolymeric runs that may be involved in mtDNA replication. Furthermore, conserved stem-and-loop structures in the repetitive domain were identified and their possible role in generating length variation is examined. Intraspecific comparison of the tandem repeat elements of M. thalassophilus suggests mechanisms of concerted evolution leading to homogenization of the repetitive region. The utility of such an array of tandem repeats as a genetic marker for assessing population-level variability and evolutionary relationships among populations is discussed. Finally, the technical difficulties found in isolating the mtDNA CR in beetles are remarked upon.

The knowledge of the areas inhabited by a species within its distribution range and the connections among patches are critical pieces of information for successful conservation actions. The internal structure of the extent of occurrence (EO) of a species is almost always unknown, even for “well-known” flagship species. We developed a methodology to infer the area of occupancy (AO) within the EO of a species using the limited available data. We present here the results of a three years project funded by European Union to develop high-resolution models of habitat suitability for 281 medium- to large-sized African mammals across the whole continent. The existing literature was reviewed and all data on the geographic distribution and environmental preferences of the selected species were collected. For each species, these data were then expressed in terms of key variables available as GIS layers at a resolution of 1 km2 over the entire African continent. The AO of each species was obtained merging the information on the ecological needs of the species and the values of ecological variables over the region identified as EO. The habitat suitability models were evaluated through direct field work in four countries (Morocco, Cameroon, Uganda, Botswana) chosen as representatives of the environmental and species diversity of Africa. More than 81% of models had positive true skill statistics (TSS) values, indicating models performing better than random. Rigorous modeling procedures supported by ad-hoc field evaluation allowed the production of high-resolution habitat suitability models useful for conservation applications.

A molecular analysis was performed, combined with field data on insect/host-plant associations, in order to clarify taxonomic relationships within the W-Palaearctic Meligethes aeneus complex (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). The analysis was focused on the specific distinction of M. aeneus (Fabricius, 1775), and M. gracilis C.Brisout de Barneville, 1863, with special regard to populations occurring in sympatry. The genetic divergence between the two examined taxa, based on comparison between mtDNA sequence data, was congruent with distance values usually scored between related, but evidently separated, insect species. Genetic data and ecological evidence clearly show that Meligethes aeneus and M. gracilis, erroneously synonymized in a recent paper by a Russian author, are distinct biological species that frequently occur in syntopy in Western Europe.

Biogeographia - vol. XX - 1999 (Pubblicato i/ 31 ottobre 1999) Biogeografia deH’AnatoIia A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic regionl AUGUSTO VIGNA TAGLIANTI *, PAOLO A. AUDISIO *, MAURIZIO BIONDI **, MARCO A. BOLOGNA***, GIUSEPPE M. CARPANETO ***, ALESSTO DE BlASE*, SIMONE FATTORINI *, EMANUELE PMTTELLA*, ROBERTO SINDACO ****, ALBERTO VENCHI ***, MARZIO ZAPPAROLI ***** *Dz'pzzrtz'mento di Biologia Animzzlc e de[[’U0m0 (Zoologizz), Universitfz degli Studi “Lzz Szzpimzzz ’: Viczle a’e[[’Uniz/ersz’tz‘z, 32 — ]—00]85 Roma (Ira/zkz) **Dzpartimenro dz’ Scz'enzeAml9z'entzzZz', Um’z/ersitiz di Li/lqui/zz, Lac. Coppito — 1-671 00 I. ’/Iquilzz {]tzz[z'zz) ***Dz}mrz‘z‘mem‘o di Bio/ogizz, Um‘z/er:z’z‘z‘z degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Via/e G. Marconi, 446 — I—00]46 Roma (ftzzlzkz) ”qq**c/o Museo Ciz/ico zli Storizz Nzzrumle, CP. 89 — 1-1 0022 Czzrmzzgnolzz (TO) (frzzlizz) *****Dz'pzzrtimento di Protezione delle Pizmte, Urzizzersitiz dellzz Tuscizz, Via San Czzmil/0 de Lellis — ./301100 Viterlm (Ittz/izz) Key words: chororypes, Near East, Western Palearctic region, zoogeography. SUMMARY The distribution patterns of the Anatolian and, more generally, of the Near East fauna were analysed. As a result of the comparison of over 3,000 geographical ranges of terrestrial and freshwater animal species, a classification of chorotypes is proposed. The Near East chototypes are also examined in the general Framework of the Western Palearctic fauna, in accordance with a previous research focused on the Italian Peninsula, here revised and updated. The following taxonomic groups have been studied by a team of specialists: Chilopoda, Coleoptera (Carabidae, Hydraenidae, Phalacridae, Nitidulidae, Kateretidae, Scarabaeoidea, Meloidae, Oedemeridae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysomelidae), Amphibia and Reptilia. The map of each distribution pattern, as well as numerical and letter codes useful for tables, faunistic checklists and software databases, is given. INTRODUCTION The geographical distribution of plants and animals may be synthetically expressed by chorotypes. These are the items of a classification based on 1 Zoological researches in the Near East by Universities ofRorne: 186. This study was supported by grants from MURST 1999 (University of “Roma Tre”) “Variazione geografica e diversita a livello di specie, faune e zoocenosi: cause sroriche ed ecologicheq.

Fifteen species of Haenydra from continental and insular Greece, including H. christinae sp.n. from the Peloponnesus (belonging to the gracilis‐excisa species group), are listed and briefly described. Detailed maps of the so far known distribution in the southern Balkans and in the Aegean areas of all the species dealed with are provided, including original drawings of the male genitalia of most species. The following new synonymy is proposed: H. excisa ssp. exclusa d'Orchymont, 1931 = H. phallica d'Orchymont, 1930. H. aroensis Ferro, 1991 is regarded as Peloponnesian subspecies of H. subintegra Ganglbauer, 1901 (stat. n.). Haenydra dalmatina Ganglbauer, 1901, erroneously recorded by Janssens (1965) from Greece, is excluded from the Greek fauna; H. leonhardi Breit, 1916, and H. phallica d'Orchymont, 1930 are both recorded from Greece for the first time.

BIOGEOGHAPHIA - vol. XVII - 1993 (Pubb//‘Cato il 31 ottobre 1994) ll popolamento animale e vegetale dell’/Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano Aspetti faunistici e zoogeografici clel popolamento di Hyclmeim s.l. clell’Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano (Colcoptera: Hydmemdae) (qq) PAOLO AUDISIO, ALESSIO DE BLASE Dz'partz'me7zto di Bzblogzkz Animale e de[l’U077zo Um'versz'tr2 tIegZz‘.vtudz' c1z'R0ma «La SapieI1zagg, vzkzle a'e[[’Unz’12er5z'ta‘, 32 — I-00185 Roma Key Words: Hydraena, Coleoptera, Biogeography, Apennine. SUMMARY A list of 16 species of Hydmemz s.l. (= Hydmemz Kugelann + Haezzydra Rey) distributed in the five main river basins of the Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano area (Sibillini Mts excluded), is given. The most intere- sting species are discussed, and an attempt is made to outline the main faunistic gaps between the studied area and the neighbouring areas of the northern and central Italy. INTRODUZIONE Lo stato delle conoscenze faunistiche relative alla sessantina di specie ita- liane di Hydrczemz s.l. (= Hydrczemz Kugelann + Haenydm Rey) si puo oggi con- siderate piuttosto soddisfacente, grazie al lavoro pioneristico svolto a partire da- gli inizi del secolo da G. Fiori, A. Porta, A. D’Orchymont, E. Pretner, A. Chicsa e successivarnente soprattutto da G. Binaghi e G. Ferro, in una lunga serie di contributi. Un lavoro di sintesi sulla zoogeografia dei sisterni reici italiani, ba- sato sullo studio della distribuzione delle specie di Hydmemz s.l. e stato comple- tato rnolto recentemente (Audisio 65 al., in stampa b), con trattazione anche dei popolamenti dell’Appennino Urnbro-Marchigiano. In questa sede abbiamo per- cio ritenuto opportuno evidenziare solo alcuni aspetti generali del popolarnento di Hydmemz s.l. di quest’area geografica, sottolineandone le specie pifi interes- santi sotto il profilo zoogeografico, e tentando di dclinearne le principali discon- tinuita faunistiche con i settori limitrofi rispettivamente dell’Appennino setten- trionale e centrale. (qq') Ricerche eseguite con contributi C.N.R. e M.U.R_S.T. (fondi 40%). 285

The systematic position and generic limits of Rossimyiops Mesnil, 1953 (type species: R. whiteheadi Mesnil, 1953) are critically redefined. Examination of the male terminalia allowed us to demonstrate the unjustified placement of Rossimyiops within the subfamily Dexiinae, tribe Dufouriini and its probable affiliation with the subfamily Tachininae, tribe Minthoini. The following generic names are synonymised with Rossimyiops Mesnil, 1953: Mesnilomyia Kugler, 1972 (type species: M. magnifica Kugler, 1972) syn. nov., and Persedea Richter, 2001 (type species: P. exquisita Richter, 2001) syn. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Rossimyiops achilleae (Kugler, 1972) comb. nov., R. exquisitus (Richter, 2001) comb. nov., R. longicornis (Kugler, 1972) comb. nov., R. magnificus (Kugler, 1972) comb. nov., and R. subapertus (Herting, 1983) comb. nov. Mesnilomyia rufipes Zeegers, 2007 is established as a synonym of Persedea exquisita Richter, 2001, syn. nov. Rossimyiops austrinus Cerretti sp. nov. from Namibia and Rossimyiops djerbaensis Cerretti sp. nov. from Tunisia are described, illustrated and compared with the other known species of the genus. Male terminalia and female external morphology of R. subapertus and R. whiteheadi are described for the first time. Finally, Mesnilomyia calyptrata Zeegers, 2007 is removed from this genus and placed as Tachinidae incertae sedis.

A molecular and morphological analysis was performed to clarify the taxonomic status of Italian members of the Calobius quadricollis complex (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, Ochthebiinae), including species strictly associated with hypersaline marine rock pools along the Mediterranean and Macaronesian coasts. The analysis was mainly focused on the specific distinction and formal description of a new species, Calobius urbanelliae n. sp., from peninsular Italy. This species is of difficult morphological distinction, but, on the basis of the mitochondrial DNA marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, it is highly differentiated from C. quadricollis Mulsant, 1844 (NW Mediterranean) and C. steinbuehleri Baudi, 1864 (NE Mediterranean), which are partially sympatric with it along part of the western and eastern coasts of peninsular Italy. One possible palaeogeographical scenario underlying the specific differentiation of the three species is briefly discussed.

The pollen beetle genus AnthystrixKirejtshuk, 1981 previously included six South African species characterized by unusual dimorphic development of male antennal characters. The genus is revised and three new species are described from South Africa, including Anthystrix endroedyi new species, Anthystrix flabellicornis new species, and Anthystrix megalocera new species. Anthystrix luculentaKirejtshuk & Easton 1988, Anthystrix rotundiclavaKirejtshuk & Easton 1988, and Anthystrix martini (Grouvelle, 1899) need to be transferred to two new undescribed genera. These new genera will globally include ≈20 species, most of which remain undescribed or previously attributed to the unrelated genus Meligethinus Grouvelle, 1906. One new synonymy is proposed: Meligethinus uhligiKirejtshuk & Easton, 1988, = Pria martiniGrouvelle, 1899, syn. nov. Larval host plants of Anthystrix species are reported as dioecious Asteraceae trees within the tribe Tarchonantheae (Tarchonanthus). An identification key to all Anthystrix species is provided.

Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Biase, Alessio De, Antonini, Gloria, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Costantini, Lorenzo, Strika, Sirio, Lamanna, Francesco, Cerretti, Pierfilippo (2009): Preliminary re-examination of genus-level taxonomy of the pollen beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2): 341-504, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5319334, {"references": ["AUDISIO P. 1980:Magyarorszag Allatvilaga (Fauna Hungariae), VIII. Kotet, Coleoptera III., 9 Fuzet: Nitidulidae. Fauna Hungarica. Vol. 140, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 171 + 6 pp (in Hungarian).", "AUDISIO P. 1986: La posizione tassonomica di Meligethes fuscus (Olivier) e specie correlate (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino 4: 543-556.", "AUDISIO P. 1988:Tassonomia, ecologia e distribuzione geografica di alcuni Kateretidae e Nitidulidae ovest-paleartici. Fragmenta Entomologica 20: 189-231.", "AUDISIO P. 1993a: Nuovi dati faunistici e bionomici sui Meligethes di Turchia orientale, con descrizione di una nuova specie del gruppo di M. difficilis (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Fragmenta Entomologica 24: 181-193.", "AUDISIO P. 1993b: Coleoptera Nitidulidae - Kateretidae. Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 32. Calderini Edizione, Bologna, xvi + 971 pp.", "AUDISIO P. 1994: The Meligethes of Sierra Leone (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Quaderno Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 267: 343-356.", "AUDISIO P. 1995: A new species of Meligethes (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) from South Africa. Stobaeana (Lund) 5: 1-4.", "AUDISIO P.1996: New and little-known South African Meligethes Stephens of the M. convexus group (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae). African Entomology 4: 213-230.", "AUDISIO P. 1997a: I meccanismi riproduttivi delle piante mediate dagli insetti: un esempio di coevoluzione? XXIII Seminario sulla Evoluzione Biologica e i grandi problemi della Biologia. Contributi del Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare \"B. Segre\", Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Roma) 95: 205-226.", "AUDISIO P. 1997b: New and little-known South African Meligethes of the M. amplicollis group from South Africa (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Fragmenta Entomologica 29: 313-363.", "AUDISIO P. 2002: Specific validity of Meligethes cyrenaicus Rebmann, 1940, and updated key to identification of species of the M. carinulatus-group (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 23-26.", "AUDISIO P., ANGELICI M. C. & SBORDONI V. 1984: Studio sistematico su Meligethes exilis Sturm, in base a dati elettroforetici, morfo-ecologici e biogeografici (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae). 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Italian Journal of Zoology 72: 73-85.", "AUDISIO P., DE BIASE A., ANTONINI G., OLIVERIO M., KETMAIER V. & DE MATTHAEIS E. 2002: Specific distinction by allozymic data of sympatric sibling species of the pollen-beetle genus Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 69: 65-69.", "AUDISIO P., DE BIASE A., ROMANELLI P., ANGELICI M. C., KETMAIER V. & DE MATTHAEIS E. 1999a: Molecular re-examination of the taxonomy of the Meligethes viridescens species-complex (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28: 1-13.", "AUDISIO P., DE BIASE A., TRIZZINO M., KIRK-SPRIGGS A. H., CLINE A. R., ANTONINI G. & MANCINI E. 2009b: Molecular biogeography of Mediterranean and southern African disjunctions as exemplified by pollen beetles of the Meligethes planiusculus species-complex (Coleoptera:Nitidulidae; Meligethinae). 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