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Background:Information processing speed is commonly impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, depression and fatigue can affect the cognitive profile of patients: fatigue has a negative impact from the disease’s earliest stage and a reduced information processing speed is often associated with higher levels of depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between information processing speed and physical fatigue in a cohort of Italian PwMS from a single center, considering the effect of depression. Methods: Two hundred (W=128; mean age=39.83 years; SD=11.86) PwMS, from the Bari University Hospital, underwent testing for processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]), fatigue level (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]), and depression (Beck's Depression Inventory [BDI]). Results: Statistically significant correlations emerged between SDMT and FSS, SDMT and BDI, FSS and BDI. Mediation analyses revealed that while physical fatigue had no significant direct negative effect on information processing speed (z=-0.891; p>0.05), depression predicted the relationship between fatigue and information processing speed (z=-2.181; pConclusion: Our findings showed that cognitive performance at SDMT was not affected by patients' perceived level of physical fatigue, but by depression. The presence of a high BDI score mediates the physical fatigue on cognitive performance impact.

Purpose Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to evaluate, in patients with multiple sclerosis without a history of optic neuritis (MSNON), the proportion of the different macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (mGCIP) defect patterns. The results were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). Methods In this cross-sectional case-control study, 34 eyes of 34 individuals, 17 with MSNON and 17 HCs, were evaluated. All participants underwent mGCIP thickness measurement using SD-OCT (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 4000, macular cube protocol). The mGCIP defect patterns were classified in nine types (minimal, inner, outer, diffuse mild, diffuse severe inferior confined, inferior dominant, superior confined, and superior dominant), according to the shape derived by the deviation map of the instrument, and the proportion of each type was assessed. Results A mGCIP defect pattern was detected in 70.5% of MSNON eyes, with an inner type as the most frequent pattern (47%), followed by the outer type (11.7%) and the inferior confined type (11.7%). No defect was found in Hcs. Conclusions A significant thinning of the mGCIP with the frequent presence of an inner defect was seen in MSNON patients. The presence of this defect may serve as a biomarker of subclinical optic nerve involvement in MS patients.

Background and ObjectivesSeveral studies have assessed risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The potential role of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and demographic and clinical factors on the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been evaluated so far. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS by using data collected in the Italian MS Register (IMSR).MethodsA case-control (1:2) study was set up. Cases included PwMS with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and controls included PwMS without a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Both groups were propensity score–matched by the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, the date of last visit, and the region of residence. No healthy controls were included in this study. COVID-19 risk was estimated by multivariable logistic regression models including demographic and clinical covariates. The impact of DMTs was assessed in 3 independent logistic regression models including one of the following covariates: last administered DMT, previous DMT sequences, or the place where the last treatment was administered.ResultsA total of 779 PwMS with confirmed COVID-19 (cases) were matched to 1,558 PwMS without COVID-19 (controls). In all 3 models, comorbidities, female sex, and a younger age were significantly associated (p < 0.02) with a higher risk of contracting COVID-19. Patients receiving natalizumab as last DMT (OR [95% CI]: 2.38 [1.66–3.42], p < 0.0001) and those who underwent an escalation treatment strategy (1.57 [1.16–2.13], p = 0.003) were at significantly higher COVID-19 risk. Moreover, PwMS receiving their last DMT requiring hospital access (1.65 [1.34–2.04], p < 0.0001) showed a significant higher risk than those taking self-administered DMTs at home.DiscussionThis case-control study embedded in the IMSR showed that PwMS at higher COVID-19 risk are younger, more frequently female individuals, and with comorbidities. Long-lasting escalation approach and last therapies that expose patients to the hospital environment seem to significantly increase the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection in PwMS.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that among patients with MS, younger age, being female individuals, having more comorbidities, receiving natalizumab, undergoing an escalating treatment strategy, or receiving treatment at a hospital were associated with being infected with COVID-19. Among patients with MS who were infected with COVID-19, a severe course was associated with increasing age and having a progressive form of MS, whereas not being on treatment or receiving an interferon beta agent was protective.

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common and disabling symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with a negative impact on daily living. In this pilot study, we applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high density (hd) electroencephalography (EEG) study to evaluate acoustic P300 features in a cohort of early MS. Sixteen MS patients (pwMS) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and gender underwent an MEG-/(hd)-EEG-co-recording, using 306-channel Vectorview and 64 scalp electrodes. CI was assessed using Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB). Moreover, we performed psychometric tests to assess depression and fatigue. In pwMS, we observed a slight latency prolongation of P300 peak compared to HCs, while P300 amplitude and scalp distribution were similar in the two groups. pwMS did not show an amplitude reduction and different scalp distribution of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Event Related Fields (ERFs) related to an acoustic oddball paradigm. We found an inverse correlation between P300 amplitude and fatigue (r Spearman = −0.4, p = 0.019). In pwMS, phenomena of cortical adaptation to early dysfunction could preserve the cognitive performance of the P300 acoustic task, while the development of fatigue could prospectively lead to amplitude decline of P300, suggesting its possible role as a biomarker.

Background and purpose: Immunoadsorption (IA) is an antibody-depleting therapy used to treat neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated to antiaquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4-IgG) and antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG-IgG) serum autoantibodies. Our aim was to evaluate longitudinal changes of serum MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG antibody titer and to correlate it with the clinical status.Methods: Autoantibody titer and clinical features of two MOG-IgG+/AQP4-IgG– and two AQP4-IgG+/MOG-IgG– patients with NMOSD were collected at baseline (T0), after 6 IA courses (T1), and then 2 weeks (T2) and 6 months after treatment (T3). A fluorescent ratiometric assay was used for a quantitative detection of MOG and AQP4 antibodies, based on HEK-293 cells transfected with the full-length hMOG fused to GFP or h-AQP4-M23 isoform fused to m-cherry, respectively. We defined the antibody titer as MOG quantitative ratio (MOGqr) and AQP4 quantitative ratio (AQP4qr).Results: In Case 1, the MOGqr dropped from 0.98 at T0 to 0.14 at T3, and in Case 2, it decreased from 0.96 at T0 to undetectable at T3. In Case3, the AQP4qr remained high: 0.90 at T0 and 0.92 at T3. In Case 4, the AQP4qr decreased from 0.50 at T0 to undetectable at T3. Complete recovery was found in Cases 1, 2, and 4.Conclusions: Semiquantitative ratiometric method accurately detects even slight variation of MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG titer, suggesting it may be useful to monitor the antibody titer during the disease course and maintenance immunotherapy.

Background and purpose: Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TuMS) (i.e., MS onset presenting with tumefactive demyelinating lesions [TDLs]) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We performed a multicentre retrospective study to describe the clinical characteristics and the prognostic factors of TuMS. Methods: One hundred two TuMS patients were included in this retrospective study. Demographic, clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory data and treatment choices were collected. Results: TuMS was found to affect women more than men (female:male: 2.4), with a young adulthood onset (median age: 29.5years, range: 11–68 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 38 years). At onset, 52% of TuMS patients presented with the involvement of more than one functional system and 24.5% of them with multiple TDLs. TDLs most frequently presented with an infiltrative MRI pattern (38.7%). Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands were often demonstrated (76.6%). In 25.3% of the cases, more than one acute-phase treatment was administered, and almost one-half of the patients (46.6%) were treated with high-efficacy treatments. After a median follow-up of 2.3years (range: 0.1–10.7 years, IQR: 3.4 years), the median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 1.5 (range: 0–7, IQR: 2). Independent risk factors for reaching an EDSS score ≥3 were a higher age at onset (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.14, p&nbsp

Background and aims Interferon beta (IFNβ) is a well‐established first‐line therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and remains the most widely prescribed agent. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) represents a rare but severe adverse effect (AE) that could occur even after many years from the beginning of IFNβ therapy. Eculizumab is currently approved for treatment of aHUS and recently for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with aquaporin‐4 antibodies (AQP4‐IgG). In this article, we report the case of the latest onset of IFNβ‐related aHUS experienced by an MS patient and we briefly review the literature on this topic. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, and we performed a retrospective analysis of RRMS patients that received IFNβ‐1a in our center and developed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). From this search, we identified only one patient. Results In the published literature, we identified 24 MS patients who received IFNβ as disease‐modifying treatment (DMT) and then developed thrombotic microangiopathy with kidney injury. The aHUS has been diagnosed in 6, all received IFNβ‐1a and the latest onset was after 15 years. We report a case of a 39‐year‐old man affected by RRMS who assumed IFNβ‐1a since 1999. In July 2018, he developed an IFNβ‐related aHUS. After the failure of plasma exchange, he underwent eculizumab, with an improvement of glomerular filtration rate and without new signs of MS activity. Conclusion To our knowledge, this case represents the latest onset of IFNβ‐related aHUS in MS patients. Up to now, there are not literary reports about the possibility to reintroduce a DMT as add‐on therapy to eculizumab., Interferon‐beta (IFNβ) is a first‐line therapy for Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Atypical Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) represents a rare but severe adverse effect (AE) that could occur even after many years from the beginning of IFNβ therapy. We report the case of the latest onset of IFNβ‐related aHUS experienced by an MS patient.

Disease-modifying therapies have now become standard treatment for multiple sclerosis. These include five oral therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, namely fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, cladribine, and siponimod, although there is some discrepancy on the relative efficacy and safety of these agents. To gain further insight on these oral agents in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, we performed a narrative review of fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, cladribine, and siponimod. We limited the analysis to randomized clinical studies in which a comparator was used (i.e., placebo or other disease-modifying therapy). As relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease and treatment is lifelong, long-term outcomes were an additional focus. A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria: 15 for fingolimod, 8 for dimethyl fumarate, 7 for teriflunomide, 4 for cladribine, and 3 for siponimod. All drugs showed some functional and magnetic resonance imaging benefit in nearly all clinical studies. The reduction in annual relapse rate was similar for fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and cladribine, and somewhat greater than for teriflunomide; there is limited information on the annual relapse rate for siponimod. For all drugs, the benefits reported at short follow-up times are broadly consistent with those seen at longer follow-up times. For fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate, there was a definite trend towards a progressively lower annual relapse rate with continuing treatment. The safety profile of all five drugs was considered to be acceptable, even after extended treatment. While these results should be treated with caution, they highlight that future head-to-head studies are needed to better understand the long-term benefits of disease-modifying therapies. Such information will be of value when considering the risk-benefit profile of these oral therapies.

Background Case-finding tools, such as the Identify Chronic Migraine (ID-CM) questionnaire, can improve detection of CM and alleviate its significant societal burden. We aimed to develop and validate the Italian version of the ID-CM (ID-EC) in paper and as a smart app version in a headache clinic-based setting. Methods The study investigators translated and adapted to the Italian language the original ID-CM questionnaire (ID-EC) and further implemented it as a smart app. The ID-EC was tested in its paper and electronic version in consecutive patients referring to 9 Italian tertiary headache centers for their first in-person visit. The scoring algorithm of the ID-EC paper version was applied by the study investigators (case-finding) and by patients (self-diagnosis), while the smart app provided to patients automatically the diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy of the ID-EC was assessed by matching the questionnaire results with the interview-based diagnoses performed by the headache specialists during the visit according to the criteria of International Classification of Headache Disorders, III edition, beta version. Results We enrolled 531 patients in the test of the paper version of ID-EC and 427 in the validation study of the smart app. According to the clinical diagnosis 209 patients had CM in the paper version study and 202 had CM in the smart app study. 79.5% of patients returned valid paper questionnaires, while 100% of patients returned valid and complete smart app questionnaires. The paper questionnaire had a 81.5% sensitivity and a 81.1% specificity for case-finding and a 30.7% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity for self-diagnosis, while the smart app had a 64.9% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity. Conclusions Our data suggest that the ID-EC, developed and validated in tertiary headache centers, is a valid case-finding tool for CM, with sensitivity and specificity values above 80% in paper form, while the ID-EC smart app is more useful to exclude CM diagnosis in case of a negative result. Further studies are warranted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the ID-EC in general practice and population-based settings.

The increase in disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) allows individualization of treatment in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS); however, the long-term impact of different treatment sequences is not well established. This is particularly relevant for MS patients who may need to postpone more aggressive DMD strategies. To evaluate different therapeutic strategies and their long-term outcomes, measured as relapses and confirmed disability progression (CDP), in MS ‘real-world’ settings. Multicentre, observational, retrospectively acquired cohort study evaluating the long-term impact of different treatment strategies on disability outcomes in patients with RMS in the Italian MS Register. We evaluated 1152 RMS-naive patients after propensity-score adjustment. Patients included were receiving: interferon beta-1a (IFN-β1a) 44 µg switching to fingolimod (FTY; IFN-switchers; n = 97); FTY only (FTY-stayers; n = 157); IFN-β1a only (IFN-stayers; n = 849). CDP and relapses did not differ between FTY-stayers and IFN-switchers [HR (95% CI) 0.99 (0.48–2.04), p = 0.98 and 0.81 (0.42–1.58), p = 0.55, respectively]. However, IFN-stayers showed increased risk of relapses compared with FTY-stayers [HR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.00–2.12), p = 0.05]. The ideal treatment option for MS is becoming increasingly complex, with the need to balance benefit and risks. Our results suggest that starting with FTY affects the long-term disease outcome similarly to escalating from IFN-β1a to FTY.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray was approved as add-on therapy for spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We show our 40-week postmarketing experience regarding efficacy and safety of THC/CBD spray in an Italian cohort of 102 MS patients. Patients were evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for spasticity, the Ambulation Index (AI), and Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25-FW) at the beginning of treatment and then every 3 months. After 4 weeks, if a clinically significant improvement in spasticity (at least 20% of baseline NRS score) was not seen, administration of the drug was stopped. In our cohort, patients received an average of 6.5 ± 1.6 sprays each day. The mean reduction to the NRS spasticity score was 2.5 ± 1.2 points (P < .0001). Thirty-seven patients (36.2%) discontinued the treatment. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 40.2%. Fifty-eight patients (56.9%) were also assessed using the NRS for pain, and 46 patients (45.1%) with bladder dysfunction were assessed for the IPSS (International Prostatic Symptoms Score) score, showing a significant improvement in these scales (P = .011 and P = .001, respectively). In conclusion, treatment with THC/CBD spray appears to be a valid answer to some of the unmet needs in MS patients, such as spasticity and other refractory-to-treatment symptoms.

Background: Cladribine (2-CdA) can cross the blood&ndash, brain barrier, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair and disruption of cellular proliferation in actively dividing lymphocytes. No data on effect on neurons are available. Aim: To study &ldquo, in vitro&rdquo, 2-CdA apoptotic effects on neurons in healthy donor and multiple sclerosis patient lymphocytes. Methods: Neuroblastoma cells were co-cultured with lymphocytes, with and without 2-CdA. Results: Apoptosis increased in lymphocytes with 2-CdA, increase was also observed when lymphocytes were cultured with neuronal cells. However, neurons were not affected by 2-CdA for apoptosis. Conclusions: 2-CdA causes peripheral and central lymphocyte death preserving neurons, with a reasonable impact on inflammation and neuroprotection.

During an era of rapid changes in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the early identification of nonresponder patients to therapies is crucial in order to provide them an alternative treatment strategy. The need to identify biomarkers of therapeutic response is a challenge in MS. Biopharmaceutical products approved for MS, such as interferon beta (IFNβ), glatiramer acetate (GA), and natalizumab (NTZ), can lead to the development of antidrug antibodies (ADA), with detrimental effects on their efficacy. In this chapter the evidences of the impact of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during IFNβ, GA, and NTZ treatment on clinical and MRI outcomes will be reported. The use of NAbs testing in clinical practice remains a powerful tool in the management of MS therapy.

Fingolimod is the first oral disease-modifying therapy approved for multiple sclerosis (MS). The risks associated with the use of fingolimod include cardiovascular adverse events (AEs). First-dose observation (FDO) is required for all patients for at least 6 hours. We describe FDO data and long-term cardiac tolerability in a cohort of fingolimod-treated relapsing MS patients. Two hundred and twelve patients started fingolimod 0.5 mg once daily. Before the first administration, all subjects had an electrocardiogram (ECG) with cardiologist interpretation. Following administration they were monitored for 6 hours and underwent a cardiac monitoring every 3 months. In this cohort, there was a heart rate reduction at the VI hour of 9.6 ± 8 beats per minute (P

Objective Benefits and risks of new therapies in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) must be balanced carefully and tailored to patients. We aimed to describe our experience with Fingolimod (FTY), correlating demographics, clinical and hematological features of the Relapsing MS (RMS) cohort with the occurring Adverse Events (AEs). Material and Methods Pretreatment screening tests, cardiological observation, and safety follow-up data were analyzed in 225 RMS patients. Changes in continuous data were analyzed post hoc with Wilcoxon ranks test; categorical variables were examined using McNemar test. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences between baseline characteristic of the cohorts and Liver Function Tests (LFT) alterations. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify which of the baseline factors influenced LFT alterations and the occurrence of infections. Results During 2 years of follow-up 24 patients (10%) interrupted FTY. Discontinuation most often was due to AEs (n = 14) or breakthrough disease (n = 5). The most frequently AEs were infections (10.6%). After the first year patients showing an infectious episode were mostly female (p = .04). The infections did not correlate with the decrease in white blood cells or to lymphocyte count. AST and ALT alterations ​​were observed mostly in males (p = .002 and p = .01, respectively), and increase in GGT ​​was reported in subjects older at FTY beginning (p

We investigated, lymphocyte count (LC) and lymphocyte subpopulations (LS) in a real life setting of Fingolimod (FTY) treated Relapsing MS (RMS) patients. Peripheral blood counts with LS, relapses and MRI scans were recorded in a cohort of 119 FTY patients, during one year of treatment. Simple and multivariate logistic regression models, were performed. ROC analysis identified cut-off values of LS predicting a higher risk of relapses and of Gd+ lesions. We demonstrated a FTY-induced re-modulation of the immune system, suggesting that LS in RMS FTY treated patients can predict the clinical response to the drug.

During interferon-β (IFN-β) therapy, up to 45 % of patients may develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), associated with a decreased efficacy of the drug. We investigated in a real-life setting the impact of NAbs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in a population of 567 IFN-β-treated relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients up to 7 years. We also evaluated NAbs’ role as a biomarker of the persistence of MRI disease activity. Patients’ sera were tested for NAbs’ presence by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay every 6–12 months. MRI scans were performed every 12 months. Generalized hierarchical linear models accounting for within-patient correlation were used to analyze T1 gadolinium-enhancing and new T2 lesions. Moreover, further tests were carried out to assess the overall outcome difference from year 1 to year 7 according to NAb status and the possible interaction between NAb status and time of follow-up. Seventy-five patients (13.2 %) became NAb positive (NAb+) during the follow-up. Considering T1 gadolinium-enhancing (GD+) lesions, we observed a significantly higher incidence in NAb+ patients (52 %, p = 0.0091). Also for new T2 lesions, we found a higher incidence in NAb+ patients (50 %, p = 0.0075). The negative impact of NAbs on the MRI outcomes considered did not change during the follow-up. Our 7-year results show the negative effect of NAbs on MRI measures of disease activity and confirm their role as a surrogate marker of IFN-β treatment efficacy.

Background Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with interferon beta (IFN beta) can develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that reduce treatment efficacy. Several clinical studies explored the association of NAb+ status with increased disease activity. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of RRMS patients who develop NAbs while treated with IFN beta by the Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) and the Italian Society perspectives. Methods The clinical data derived from a published observational study on 567 RRMS Italian patients treated with IFN beta. The management cost data derived from the published literature. Cost data were inflated to Euro 2014. Results The annual direct cost to treat a patient was estimated in €15,428 in the NAb+ cohort and €14,317 in the NAb- cohort. The annual societal cost was estimated in €33,890 and €30,790 in NAb+ and NAb- patients, respectively. The cost increase related to the NAb+ status was €3,100 in the Italian societal perspective and €1,111 in the Italian NHS perspective. Conclusion The results of this economic evaluation suggest the presence of an association between NAb+ status and increased costs for the management of RRMS in Italy. Further pharmacoeconomic research will be needed to confirm this first result.

A hardware architecture for on-line three dimensional backprojection is considered for positron emission tomography (PET). The architecture is based on processing elements that work in pipeline on a flowing data stream using an event by event approach. The architecture is suitable for backprojection filtering reconstruction where reconstruction requires backprojection first and a subsequent three-dimensional filtering. Although the main target of the architectural design is a VLSI implementation, the modularity of the approach also makes it suitable for an implementation on off the shelf processors. The work takes as reference the complexity requirements of a PET scanner endowed of 24 rings and 784 detectors per ring and a volume of interest subdivided into 128*128*47 voxels. The design of the building blocks of the architecture are described together with their operating mode.

This work presents the parallelization of Three-Dimensional PET Backprojection Filtering reconstruction with reference to an implementation on a multiprocessor architecture organized in cluster mode. The authors took as reference a 24 rings, 784 detectors per ring, scanner, and a corresponding volume of interest of 128*128*47. The multiprocessor architecture is based on six commercial digital signal processors connected to an interface processor and global memory on a shared bus and together via their port links. In the Three-Dimensional backprojection stage the volume of interest data are stored within processors local memories, and are accessible from other processors. LORs data are dynamically scheduled onto the processors providing a good load balance and a low communication overhead. The Three-Dimensional filtering has been considered in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform techniques on an enlarged array of samples in order to take into account border artefacts drawbacks. The Backprojection Filtering reconstruction time for a 3-D acquisition on this apparatus takes, according to the authors' simulations, approximately five minutes.

The paper presents a pipeline architecture for on-line 3-D Positron Emission Tomography backprojection using an event by event algorithm that projects the single coincidence line on the three-dimensional Region of Interest. The operating mode of processors is Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream. Real-time reconstruction requirements in terms of processing power of single processors are evaluated.