Search

Early weaning of piglets causes stress characterized by a decrease in feed intake followed by a decline in growth rates; thus, a fast recovery represents an essential step for proper growth of these animals. Considering that IRMS is a potential tool for non-destructive sampling and the fact that it provides time-integrated estimate of assimilated and not just ingested nutrients turned possible its application to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotides and glutamate on carbon turnover (δ13 C) in organs of weanling piglets. At day 0, three piglets were slaughtered (prior to diet switch), the remaining eighty-four piglets weaned at 21-day-old were randomly assigned in a complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two Nu levels: 0 and 0.1% and two Glu levels: 0 and 1%), being three piglets per treatment slaughtered on trial days 3, 6, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 49. The samples were analysed by IRMS and adjusted to first-order equation by a non-linear regression analysis using NLIN of SAS, in order to establish exponential graphics. After that, the turnover data were submitted to analysis of variance using GLM of SAS. The turnover value (t95% ) verified for spleen was faster (p < 0.05) when glutamate was supplemented in diets. For pancreas and liver, the turnover rates were faster (p < 0.05) for the mixture of additives. However, for renal tissue, the turnover rate (t95% ) was greater (p < 0.05) for the free additive diet. The results obtained suggest that the mixture of additives was more efficient to develop the digestive tract at post-weaning phase, taking into account the functional importance of pancreas and liver for nutrients' digestion and processing.

This work evaluated the digestibility of the experimental diets, the performance and the economic viability of pigs in the finishing phase fed with diets containing increasing levels of cottonseed meal (CM) with enzymatic complex. In the digestibility test, 35 barrows with an average weight of 54.54 ± 2.49 kg were used and for the performance and economic viability test, 30 pigs with an average weight of 55.47 ± 5.3 kg were used. In both trials, the animals were distributed in five diets: control diet (0), control diet plus the enzyme complex (0E), diet with 5% CM plus the enzyme complex (5E), diet with 10% CM plus the enzyme complex (10E), and a diet with 15% CM plus the enzyme complex (15E). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) reduced with the inclusion of CM with enzyme complex in the diet of pigs in the finishing phase, in contrast to the ether extract (EE), which improved as the inclusion of CM increased. No statistical difference (P > 0.05) was found in the performance when all diets were compared; however, when comparing only the diets that contained the enzyme complex separately, a negative linear effect (P = 0.015) was observed for the feed conversion (FC) in period 2. The diets have no effects on periods 1 and 3. Diets 0, 5E, 10E, and 15E, presented better net income (P = 0.019) in March to May 2018 due to the different levels of inclusion of CM with enzyme complex; in the other evaluated items, there were no statistical differences (P > 0.05). The inclusion of CM and enzyme complex in the diets reduced the digestibility of the dietary components; however, it did not reflect on the performance and was not financially viable in the studied scenario.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of dietary glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation on carbon turnover (δ13C) in the muscles of piglets, on animal performance, and on feed economic feasibility. The diets consisted of: control (C), 1% glutamine (G), and 1% glutamic acid (GA). In experiment I, 111 piglets were used to assess carbon turnover in the Masseter, Psoas major, and Abdominal internal oblique muscles in terms of their isotopic composition and 13C substitution over time. In experiment II, 72 piglets were assigned randomly to blocks (eight replicates per treatment and three animals per experimental unit), in order to evaluate animal performance and feed economic feasibility. The GA diet promoted the best 13C acceleration in the studied muscles. No diet effects were observed on performance variables. The G and GA diets presented higher costs than the C diet. Although supplementation with 1% glutamine or glutamic acid accelerates carbon turnover in the studied muscles, which suggests a faster recovery during post-weaning and proves the anabolic effect of these additives, its use is not economically viable for weanling piglets. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de glutamina e ácido glutâmico no turnover do carbono (δ13C) em músculos de leitões, no desempenho dos animais e na viabilidade econômica das rações. As dietas consistiram em: controle (C), 1% de glutamina (G) e 1% de ácido glutâmico (AG). No experimento I, 111 leitões foram usados para avaliar o turnover do carbono nos músculos Masseter, Psoas major e Abdominal internal oblique, quanto à composição isotópica e à substituição do 13C no tempo. No experimento II, 72 leitões foram alocados em blocos ao acaso (oito repetições por tratamento e três animais por unidade experimental), para avaliar o desempenho dos animais e a viabilidade econômica das rações. A dieta AG promoveu a melhor aceleração de 13C nos músculos estudados. Não se constatou efeito das dietas nas variáveis de desempenho. As dietas G e AG apresentaram maiores custos que a dieta C. Embora a suplementação com 1% de glutamina ou ácido glutâmico acelere o turnover do carbono nos músculos estudados, o que sugere rápida recuperação no pós-desmame e comprova o efeito anabólico desses aditivos, seu uso não é economicamente viável para leitões recém-desmamados.

The policies of welfare on animal production have been expanded to improve the animal needsand match the demands of the consumer market. Castration represents a questionable welfarefactor related to pig production. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of theuse of local anesthesia before castration on productive performance in pre-weaning piglets,assessed by weight gain. Animals were divided into two treatments: 1) castration without localanesthesia (SURG; n = 52) and 2) castration after intra-testicular local anesthesia (SURG+LA;n = 52) when animals were three to seven days old. Piglets were weighed before (W0) and atseven (W1) and 14 days (W2) after orchiectomy, when they were weaned. Statistical analysiswas performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student-NewmanKeuls multiple comparison test to investigate differences between groups. There were nodifferences in Weight (W2) and weight gain at weaning between SURG+LA animals comparedto SURG animals (3.57 ± 0.60 kg and 3.74 ± 0.71 kg, respectively; p = 0.17). According to theexperimental conditions of this study, local anesthesia before castration of piglets does notaffect weight gain at weaning, warranting further investigation following the effect of localanesthesia prior to castration until the slaughtering phase.

The use of stable isotope analysis as a tool for characterization of carbon turnover (δ13C) in piglet's tissues by tracing its feeding system has drawn attention. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the influence of dietary glutamine, glutamic acid and nucleotides supplementation on carbon turnover in fundic-stomach region of weaned piglets at an average age of 21 days. The diets consisted of additive-free diet – control (C); 1% glutamine (G); 1% glutamic acid (GA) and 1% nucleotides (Nu). At weaning day (day 0: baseline), 3 piglets were slaughtered to quantify the δ13C of stomach. The remaining 120 piglets were blocked by weight and sex, randomly assigned to pens with 3 piglets slaughtered per treatment at days 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27 and 49 after weaning in order to verify the fundic-stomach isotopic composition by treatments. Samples were analyzed in terms of 13C/12C ratio by mass spectrometry and converted to relative isotopic enrichment values (δ13C ‰) used to plot the first order exponential curves over time using OriginPro 8.0 software. The inclusion of glutamine, glutamate and nucleotides in piglet's diets has accelerated the carbon turnover in stomach during the post-weaning period, demonstrating also that glutamate has guaranteed fastest 13C incorporation rate on fundic-stomach region and pH-lowering. Besides that, stable isotopes technique (δ13C) has proved to be an important methodology to determine the time-scales at which piglets shift among diets with different isotopic values, characterizing the trophic effects of additives and the phenotypic flexibility of stomach.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 This study aimed at evaluating the influence of dietary glutamine, glutamic acid and nucleotides on duodenal and jejunal carbon turnover, and on mucosa morphometry of piglets weaned at an age of 21 days. The diets were: Additive-free diet-control (C); 1% of glutamine (G); 1% of glutamic acid (GA); and 1% of nucleotides (N). In intestinal mucosa morphometry trial, 65 animals were used. At day 0 (baseline), five animals were slaughtered to determine the villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), VH : CD ratio and villi density (VD). The remaining 60 animals were allocated into a randomized block design with 4×3 factorial arrangement (four diets: C-control, G-glutamine, GA-glutamic acid and N-nucleotides; three slaughter ages: 7, 14 and 21 days post-weaning) with five piglets slaughtered per treatment. In carbon turnover trial, 123 animals were used. At day 0 (baseline), three animals were slaughtered to quantify the δ 13C half-life (T50%) and the 99% carbon substitution (T99%) on intestinal mucosa. The remaining 120 animals were blocked by three weight categories (light, medium and heavy) and, randomly assigned to pen with the same four diets from the previous trial with one piglet slaughtered per weight category per treatment at days 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27 and 49 after weaning. Morphometric analyses have yielded no consistent results regarding the action of the evaluated additives, and few reproducible age-related effects. The N diets determined lower T50% values (5.18 days) and T99% (17.21 days) than G and C diets (T50%=7.29, 7.58 days and T99%=24.22, 25.17 days, respectively) in the duodenal mucosa. In jejunum, the N, GA and G diets determined the lowest T50% means (4.9, 6.2 and 6.7 days, respectively) and T99% means (15.34, 21.10 and 21.84 days, respectively) in comparison with C diets (T50%=7.44 and T99%=24.72 days). The inclusion of the additives in the diets of piglets accelerated the carbon turnover in piglets during the post-weaning period. The stable isotopes technique (δ 13C) is an important methodology in studies of additives with trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa of the piglets. Department of Animal Production UNESP Saõ Paulo State University Lageado Farm Environmental Stable Isotopes Center UNESP Saõ Paulo State University Rubiaõ Junior District Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies Federal University of Mato Grosso Department of Animal Production UNESP Saõ Paulo State University Lageado Farm Environmental Stable Isotopes Center UNESP Saõ Paulo State University Rubiaõ Junior District

The use of adrenergic agonists such as ractopamine leads to lean carcasses due to an increasein muscle deposition. The effects of ractopamine on performance and carcass traits in pigsmay be varied depending on the level of agonist and amino acids, especially lysine, on diet,sex and age of the animals at the beginning of the additive supply. These factors, as well asthe feed cost and the adoption or not the carcass classification influence the economicviability of the use of ractopamine. The economic analysis, therefore, is necessary to evaluatethe feasibility of ractopamine inclusion in diets of finishing gilts. This study aimed to evaluatethe addition of ractopamine at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of diets for gilts slaughtered with 110 kg,on feed cost, gross and net incomes, considering or not the carcass rewarding. A total of 468gilts were used and fed for 28 days. There was an increase in feed cost and linear decrease innet income without carcass rewarding with raising level of additive. For net income withcarcass rewarding, there was a linear effect with higher income for the level of 15 mg/kg.Considering the carcass classification, the inclusion of ractopamine at the level of 15 mg/kgpromotes higher income.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestibility and energy of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from corn and sorghum with or without xylanase enzyme in diets for pigs. The values of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), gross (GE), digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and digestibility coefficients (DC) were determined. In the experiment 1, we used eight barrows of 26.15±3.45 kg with repeated measures in three periods of five days of collection. The treatments consisted of a reference diet (RD); RD with 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS or sorghum DDGS; and RD with 400 g kg−1 corn DDGS or sorghum DDGS. Corn DDGS showed higher values of DE, ME, and DC of EE, GE, and CP. Inclusions of 400 g kg−1 of the test ingredients resulted in higher values of DE and ME and trend for higher DC of DM, OM, and CP. In experiment 2, nine barrows weighing 34.91±1.46 kg were fed RD, 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS or 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS plus xylanase enzyme. The inclusion of xylanase did not influence the digestibility and energy values in diets containing corn DDGS. Values of DE and ME of corn DDGS were 3,477 and 3,277 kcal kg−1, respectively, for the substitution of 200 g kg−1 and 3,761 and 3,068 kcal kg−1 for the substitution of 400 g kg−1 RD. For sorghum DDGS, DE and ME values were 3,030 and 2,863 kcal kg−1, respectively, for replacement of 200 g kg−1 and 3,398 and 3,296 kcal kg−1 for substitution of 400 g kg−1 RD. Levels of up to 400 g kg−1 do not influence the DE and ME of the diets but impair the digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, EE, MM, and NDF. The use of xylanase enzyme in diets containing 200 g kg−1 of corn DDGS does not affect the digestibility of the diets.

The aim of this study was to determine the digestibility coefficients of the nutritional components of cottonseed meal for pigs in the finishing phase. Fourteen castrated male commercial pigs with average initial weight of 56.29 ± 2.49 kg were used. The animals were housed individually in cages for metabolic study (experimental unit) in a randomized complete block design (defined by initial weight) with two treatments and seven replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of a reference diet, formulated to meet the minimum nutritional requirements of pigs in the finishing phase, and a test diet, consisting of 75% of the reference diet and 25% of cottonseed meal. The total feces collection method was used. The values of chemical and digestible composition of cottonseed meal were 88.78; 93.82; 6.18; 21.11; 19.26; 4.29 and 44.09%; and 57.78; 48.62; 0.48; 2.82; 5.83; 2.58 and 28.86% for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and protein (CP) respectively. The values are close to those found in the literature, exception for the protein that presented higher value, however the digestibility was relatively low. Cottonseed meal has high nutritional value, but with low digestible values.

Early weaning of piglets causes stress characterized by a decrease in feed intake followed by a decline in growth rates; thus, a fast recovery represents an essential step for proper growth of these animals. Considering that IRMS is a potential tool for non-destructive sampling and the fact that it provides time-integrated estimate of assimilated and not just ingested nutrients turned possible its application to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotides and glutamate on carbon turnover (δ

Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a potential tool that provides time-integrated estimate of assimilated and not just ingested nutrients. This feature turned possible its application to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotides and glutamate on carbon turnover (δ13C) in the brain of weanling piglets. Eighty-seven piglets weaned at 21-day-old were used, being three piglets slaughtered at day-0 (prior to diet-switch) and, the remaining 84 randomly assigned in a complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two nucleotide levels: 0% and 0.1% and, two glutamate levels: 0% and 1%). On trial days 3, 6, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 49, three piglets per treatment were also slaughtered. The samples were analyzed by IRMS and adjusted to the first-order equation by a nonlinear regression analysis using NLIN procedure of SAS, in order to obtain the exponential graphics. The carbon turnover (t95%) verified for cerebral tissue was faster (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T00:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:01:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162015000500400.pdf: 2216074 bytes, checksum: f044b85011a2e4faec24501c8c3c3188 (MD5) Dietary fiber is an important component, which has a direct effect on intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; and also alters intestinal microbiota and morphology according to solubility. One digestibility trial and one performance experiment were performed to evaluate the effects of sources of fiber in diets for 21 day weaned piglets. The experimental diets used in both trials consisted of a control diet and diets with purified cellulose, soybean hulls or citrus pulp as a main source of dietary fiber. To evaluate the digestibility of nutrients (Assay 1), the total feces and urine collection method was used. The fiber sources did not affect nutrient digestibility, except for soluble fiber, which increased with the inclusion of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.) pulp. To evaluate performance, morphophysiology and microbiology of the digestive tract of weaned piglets, a total of 32 castrated male piglets was used. Slaughter of animals was implemented at 35 and 50 days of age. The use of soybean (Glycine max L.) hulls and citrus pulp in diets increased the number of goblet cells and the density of villi in the jejunum. The viscosities of stomach and cecum contents increased due to the addition of citrus pulp. Soybean hulls and the citrus pulp included in diets reduced the occurrence of E. coli in the small intestines of piglets slaughtered at 35 days of age. Among the fiber sources, purified cellulose in piglet diets promotes better performance of animals, due to the modulation of the small intestine microbiota, with lower E. coli occurrence resulting in higher villus density. Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Anim Sci, BR-58220000 Bananeiras, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FCAV, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Anim Sci, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Anim Sci, BR-18618970 Rondonopolis, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FCAV, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000100401.pdf: 491647 bytes, checksum: 0b669353f1a0868f70724cb21b356a27 (MD5) Two experiments (E) were carried out to evaluate the effects of fumaric acid and an acidifier blend [composed by calcium formate, calcium lactate and medium-chain fatty acids (capric and caprylic)] in piglet diets containing colistin (40 ppm) or halquinol (120 ppm) on performance, diarrhea incidence (E1), organs relative weight, pH values, intestinal morphometry and microbiota (E2). In E1, 192 and E2, 24 piglets weaned at 21-day-old were randomly assigned to blocks with 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments [absence or presence of fumaric acid x absence or presence of acidifier blend], six replicates of eight (E1) and one piglet per pen (E2). For E1, the treatments were control (CD): no acidifier product + 40 ppm of colistin, FA: fumaric acid in absence of acidifier blend, AB: acidifier blend in absence of fumaric acid and, AF+AB: presence of fumaric acid and acidifier blend. For E2, the pre-starter I diet were used and the same treatments as E1 evaluated. No treatment effects (P>0.05) were observed on performance, diarrhea incidence (E1), gut pH values and duodenum morphometry of piglets (E2). However, the addition of AB increased (P

This research aimed to evaluate enzyme supplementation in diets with different nutritional levels for pigs in their feces excretion and anaerobic digestion. Fifty four gilts were placed on diets formulated to achieve 100 or 95 or 90 % of a pig's nutrient requirements, with the addition of an enzyme complex containing amylase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, protease and phytase (diets 100E, 95E and 90E) or without the enzymes (diets 100, 95 and 90). The trial was divided into three periods (1, 1-2 and 1-3) based on the animal weight. The enzyme complex reduced (p < 0.05) excretions per period and per unit of weight gain (residue coefficients) of organic matter (OM) in Period 1, of N, Ca, Zn and Na in Period 1-2, and of Na excretions and residue coefficients in Period 1-3. Animals fed diet 95E had lower excretions (p < 0.05) of dry (DM), organic and mineral matters, N, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu, and lower residue coefficients (p < 0.05) of DM, OM, P, Fe, Mn and Cu compared with the animals fed diet 95, in Period 1-3. Numerically, the enzyme complex improved biogas and methane production potentials in anaerobic digestion of the feces. The use of an enzyme complex in a diet formulated to provide 95 % of the gilts' nutrient requirements reduced fecal excretion and positively affected the anaerobic digestion of feces. These data show that pig nutrition and feeding are important tools for reducing the potential environmental impact of pig production.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing lactose with maltodextrin and adding fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) to the feed of weaned piglets. The first experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (2 sources of carbohydrates: maltodextrin and lactose in the pre-starter feed and with or without the use of 0.3% FOS in the pre-starter and starter feeds) with 7 repetitions in 3 animals. Performance and hematological parameters were evaluated. The second experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement (2 sources of carbohydrates: maltodextrin and lactose and with or without the use of 0.3% FOS; 2 slaughter dates: 7 and 14 d post-weaning; and slaughter on the day of weaning) with 8 repetitions in 1 animal. The following parameters were evaluated: pH and relative weight of digestive organs, enzyme activity, and microbial population. In the initial phase, maltodextrin did not compromise performance and could replace lactose with economic benefits; however, it does reduce intake of the pre-starter I feed. Maltodextrin has a prebiotic effect because it reduces the total coliform and E. coli populations in the cecum and reduces the pH of the rectal contents. The use of FOSs is not justified, regardless of whether lactose or maltodextrin is added to the feed.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes concentrações de probiótico (0; 200 e 300mg/kg de ração) em rações de leitões recém desmamados e em diferentes idades de abate, sobre as características do sistema digestório e desempenho zootécnico. Foram utilizados 35 leitões desmamados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 (três concentrações de probiótico x duas idades de abate + grupo abatido ao desmame). Foram abatidos cinco leitões no dia da desmama e os demais ao 31º e 41º dia de idade. Foram amostrados segmentos do duodeno e jejuno para a contagem de vilosidades, pesados o pâncreas e fígado e calculado o rendimento de carcaça. Para incidência de diarréia e desempenho, foram utilizados 30 animais e as avaliações foram realizadas nos seguintes períodos: P1- 0 a 10, P2- 11 a 20 e Período Total- 0 a 20 dias pós desmame. Não houve efeito das concentrações do probiótico sobre as características do sistema digestório e a incidência de diarréia, no entanto o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram afetados. Concluiu-se que o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar de leitões suplementados com 200mg de probiótico/kg de ração foi melhor do que o grupo suplementado com 300mg de probiótico/kg de ração. As diferentes concentrações de probiótico adicionadas na ração de leitões não alteraram as características do sistema digestório, mostrando-se alterações apenas em relação à idade do abate. The aims were to evaluate the effects of the addition of different probiotic concentrations (0; 200 and 300mg/kg of ration) in rations of pigs recently weaned and in different ages of slaughter, on the characteristics of the digesting system and performance. 35 weaned pigs were used, distributed in blocks randomized design in 3x2+1 (three probiotic concentrations x two ages of slaughter + group slaughter to the weaning). Five pigs were slaughter in the weaning day and the others to the 31 and 41 days of age. Were sampled segments of the duodenum and jejunum for counting villous, weighs the pancreas and liver and calculated the yield carcass. For diarrhea incidence and performance, 30 animals were used and the evaluations were accomplished in the following periods: P1 - 0 to 10, P2 - 11 to 20 and Total Period - 0 to 20 days after wean. There was not effect of the probiotic concentrations on the characteristics of the digesting system and the diarrhea incidence, however the weight gain and the feed:gain ratio were affected. The conclusion are: The gain weight and feed:gain ratio of piglets supplemented with 200mg of probiotic/kg of ration was better than the group supplemented with 300mg of probiotic/kg of ration. The different probiotic concentrations added in the piglets rations did not alter the characteristics of the digesting system, being showed alterations just in relation to the slaughter age. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Instituto de Zootecnia Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia

The aim of this study was to establish the digestible threonine (dig. Thr) requirements and the ideal proportion between Thr and Lys for Isa Brown laying hens on productive traits and egg quality characteristics from 55- to 58- and 59- to 61 weeks of age. Increased levels of L-Thr were added to a basal diet that contained 3.7 g/kg of dig. Thr. Therefore, diets containing 3.7, 4.0, 4.3, 4.6, 4.9 and 5.2 g/kg of dig. Thr and a relation between Thr and Lys of 0.58, 0.63, 0.67, 0.72, 0.77 and 0.81, respectively were provided to laying hens. A total of 216 hens were distributed in a randomized design among the 6 experimental diets. There were 9 replicates per treatment, and 4 birds per replicate. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The main effects (dig. Thr level and experimental period) and their interaction were studied. Neither the dig. Thr level nor the experimental period had effect on performance traits and egg quality. Also, commercial egg grading was not influenced by period. However, there was a quadratic effect (P

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Analisaram-se as qualidades física, química e sensorial, bem como o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com dietas com concentrações crescentes de ractopamina. Foram utilizadas 468 fêmeas, com peso inicial de 84,77±7,20kg, alojadas em 36 baias e alimentadas com dietas contendo 0, 5, 10 ou 15mg de ractopamina/kg. Após o período de 28 dias, dois animais de cada baia, depois de passarem por 15 horas de jejum sólido, foram abatidos. Uma amostra do músculo Longissimus da meia carcaça direita foi colhida para se avaliar as características de qualidade da carne. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da adição de ractopamina às dietas sobre o pH, capacidade de retenção de água, força de cisalhamento, cor e oxidação lipídica da carne. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P0,05) na análise sensorial da carne. Também não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) sobre a composição em ácidos graxos e sobre a relação entre ácidos graxos saturados:insaturados. A adição de até 15mg de ractopamina/kg de dieta não altera as características físicas, sensoriais e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas abatidas com 110kg de peso. A study was conducted to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial quality and fat acids profile of meat from gilts fed diets containing increasing concentration of ractopamine. A total of 468 gilts with initial weight of 84.77±7.20kg were allotted into 36 pens and fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15mg of ractopamine/kg. After an experimental period of 28 days, two animals from each pen were chosen and slaughtered after 15 hours of fasting. A sample of the Longissimus muscle was collected to evaluate the quality of the pork meat. There was no effect (P>0.05) of ractopamine inclusion in pH, water holding capacity, shear force, color and lipid oxidation. However, a quadratic trend was observed (P0.05). No effects were observed (P>0.05) for fat acids profile and saturated and unsaturated fat acids ratio. In conclusion, the increase of up to 15mg of ractopamine/kg concentration in the diet does not change the physical and sensorial characteristics and the fat acids profile of meat from gilts slaughtered at 110kg of body weight. Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal da Paraíba Faculdade da Terra de Brasília Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina Universidade Estadual Paulista

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Avaliou-se economicamente o efeito da inclusãode 0, 5, 10 e 15% de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, sobre o desempenho de 72 suínos, dos 25,71±7,51 aos 98,81±10,64kg de peso. Com este peso final, os animais foram abatidos, e dos valores (R$) da carcaça, incluindo os índices de bonificação, foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e os custos com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Para os custos com alimentação, foi observado aumento linear (P=0,0190), enquanto para as receitas bruta (P=0,0328) e líquida (P=0,0013) parciais foram encontradas reduções lineares em função das porcentagens de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático. Considerando-se a evolução dos preços do milho, farelo de soja e do suíno durante o ano de 2008, foram determinados 12 cenários diferentes para a receita líquida parcial e, em todos eles, foi observada redução linear em função da inclusão da PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático. Conclui-se que a utilização de PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, não reduziu os custos com alimentação, não sendo economicamente viável sua inclusão nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação. An economic evaluation was done in order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of citrus pulp (PC), with or without the addition of the enzyme complex, on the performance of 72 pigs from 25.71±7.51 to 98.81±10.64kg of body weight. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 98.81kg. The purchase value of the animals and feed costs (R$) were discounted from the carcass value, including subsidy rates (R$). A linear increase (P= 0.0190) was observed, while linear reductions were observed for the gross receipts (P=0.0328) and net (P = 0.0013) partials, due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. Considering the evolution of corn, soybean meal and pig prices during 2008, there were some 12 different scenarios for partial and net income determined and in all of them, linear reductions were observed due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. The use of PC with or without the addition of the enzyme complex was unable to reduce the costs of feed. UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Economia Rural UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Economia Rural

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two levels of the β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucan (0 and 500 ppm) from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two levels of energy (3300 and 3450 kcal ME kg(-1)) on the hematological, immunological and, biochemical profiles of thirty-six 21-days-old weaned piglets, challenged with 150 μg kg(-1) of BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with nine replicates per treatment and, one animal per experimental unit. The data were analyzed in accordance with the multivariate analysis procedure of SAS and, the treatment means of parametric and non-parametric data were compared by Bonferroni's test (P

Morphological and physiological alterations occur in the digestive system of weanling piglets, compromising the performance in subsequent phases. This experiment aimed at verifying the influence of glutamine, glutamate and nucleotides on the carbon turnover in the pancreas and liver of piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Four diets were evaluated: glutamine, glutamic acid or nucleotides-free diet (CD); containing 1% glutamine (GD); containing 1% glutamic acid (GAD) and containing 1% nucleotides (ND). One hundred and twenty-three piglets were utilized with three pigs slaughtered at day zero (weaning day) and three at each one of the experimental days (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27, and 49 post-weaning), in order to collect organ samples, which were analyzed for the δ(13)C isotopic composition and compared by means of time. No differences were found (p0.05) among treatments for the turnover of the (13)C in the pancreas (T50% = 13.91, 14.37, 11.07, and 9.34 days; T95% = 46.22, 47.73, 36.79, and 31.04 days for CD, GD, GAD, and ND, respectively). In the liver, the ND presented accelerated values of carbon turnover (T50% = 7.36 and T95% = 24.47 days) in relation to the values obtained for the GD (T50% = 10.15 and T95% = 33.74 days). However, the values obtained for the CD (T50% = 9.12 and T95% = 30.31 days) and GAD (T50% = 7.83 and T95% = 26.03 days) had no differences (p0.05) among other diets. The technique of (13)C isotopic dilution demonstrated trophic action of nucleotides in the liver.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352014000401207.pdf: 243942 bytes, checksum: c2477a06f0aa517e3517b0b65dcba552 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Com o intuito de verificar a eficácia do açúcar e do edulcorante à base de sacarina sódica e neoesperidina nas dietas de leitões, foram realizados dois experimentos, ambos com 42 leitões recém-desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram oferecidas três dietas: dieta controle (DC), dieta com açúcar (DA) e dieta com edulcorante (DE). Os experimentos foram em blocos ao acaso, sendo o primeiro com sete repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental e o segundo com seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental, e arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 + 1 (três dietas, duas épocas de abate: aos 28 e 35 dias de idade e um abate no dia do desmame). No primeiro experimento, os animais permaneceram nas instalações de creche até 63 dias de idade para avaliação do desempenho e da viabilidade econômica das dietas. No segundo experimento, os animais foram abatidos para se proceder à pesagem de órgãos, medição do comprimento do intestino delgado e coleta dos segmentos do duodeno e jejuno para realização da morfometria intestinal. Não houve diferenças entre as dietas para consumo diário de ração (CDR), ganho diário de peso (GDP) e conversão alimentar (CA) nos períodos 1 (21 aos 28 dias), 3 (21 aos 50 dias) e 4 (21 aos 63 dias de idade). No período 2 (21 aos 35 dias), os animais que consumiram a DE apresentaram maior (P

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402014000200009.pdf: 274228 bytes, checksum: f55ff6ba82e4b20493a655715c491647 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de níveis de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição de um complexo enzimático nas rações, sobre o desempenho dos suínos e as características de carcaça. Utilizou-se 72 suínos, com 25,71 ± 7,51 e 98,81 ± 10,64kg de pesos inicial e final, respectivamente. As dietas foram formuladas para as fases: 1 - 70 aos 101; 2 - 102 aos 130; 3 - 131 aos 143 dias de idade. Como não houve redistribuição dos animais nos blocos no início das fases 2 e 3, os dados foram avaliados nos períodos: 1 - 70 aos 101; 2 - 70 aos 130 e 3 - 70 aos 143 dias de idade. A inclusão de até 15% de PC, com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático nas dietas, diminuiu o consumo diário de ração nos Períodos 1 e 2, e melhorou a conversão alimentar no Período 2, porém, os animais apresentaram respostas adaptativas no Período 3. O rendimento de carcaça e a relação gordura/carne diminuíram linearmente, na medida em que aumentaram os níveis de PC, na ausência do complexo enzimático. Na presença do produto, a relação gordura/carne apresentou comportamento quadrático, e o nível de 7,78% de PC determinou a menor relação. A inclusão de até 15% de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático nas dietas para suínos, não proporciona diferenças no desempenho e pode ser uma alternativa alimentar, sem afetar as características de carcaça. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of levels of citrus pulp (CP), over the aperformance and the carcass characteristics, with or without the addition of an enzyme complex in the feed. Seventy-two pigs were used, at 25.71 ± 7.51kg initial body weight (BW) and 98.81 ± 10.64kg final BW. The diets were formulated for the stages: 1 - 70 to 101; 2 - 102 to 130; 3 - 131 to 143 days of age. Because there was no redistribution of the animals in blocks at the beginning of stages 2 and 3, the data were evaluated at the periods: 1 - 70 to 101; 2 - 70 to 130; and 3 - 70 to 143 days of age. The inclusion of up to 15% of CP, with or without the addition of an enzyme complex in the diets, decreased the daily feed intake in Periods 1 and 2, and improved feed:gain in Period 2; however, the animals showed adaptive responses in Period 3. In the absence of the enzyme complex, the carcass yield and the fat/meat ratio decreased linearly as the levels of CP increased. In the presence of the enzyme complex, the fat/meat ratio had a quadratic behavior, and the level of 7.78% of CP determined the lowest ratio. The inclusion of up to 15% of CP with or without the addition of the enzyme complex in diets no differences in performance; therewith, it can be a feed alternative, without effect on the carcass characteristics. Univeridade Federal do Mato Grosso Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Paraíba Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652015000201071.pdf: 289875 bytes, checksum: aaa84c54f8cdca5dcbcce51d8f6dbf25 (MD5) Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de microminerais inorgânicos e orgânicos na dieta em dois níveis de suplementação, sobre desempenho, ocorrência de diarreia, parâmetros hematológicos, excreção dos minerais nas fezes e retenção dos minerais nos metacarpos e fígado de leitões desmamados. Setenta leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade com peso médio inicial de 6,70 ± 0,38 kg foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos: dieta controle (sem adição de premix micromineral); 50% ITMP (dieta controle contendo premix micromineral inorgânico atendendo a somente 50% da exigência em microminerais); 50% OTMP (dieta controle contendo premix micromineral orgânico atendendo a somente 50% da exigência em microminerais); 100% ITMP (dieta controle contendo premix micromineral inorgânico atendendo a 100% da exigência em microminerais); e 100% OTMP (dieta controle contendo premix micromineral orgânico atendendo a 100% da exigência em microminerais). Consumo de ração e o ganho diário de peso não foram afetados pelos tratamentos, entretanto, os leitões suplementados com microminerais apresentaram melhor eficiência alimentar. Não foram observadas diferenças para as quantidades de cálcio, fósforo, potássio, magnésio, sódio e enxofre excretados nas fezes por quilograma de alimento consumido. Os tratamentos não afetaram os teores de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, enxofre e ferro nos metacarpos. A suplementação com microminerais, independente dos níveis e da fonte, melhorou o desempenho dos leitões. A study was conducted to evaluate the s of dietary inorganic and organic trace minerals in two levels of supplementation regarding performance, diarrhea occurrence, hematological parameters, fecal mineral excretion and mineral retention in metacarpals and liver of weanling pigs. Seventy piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight of 6.70 ± 0.38 kg were allotted in five treatments: control diet (no added trace mineral premix); 50% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 50% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 100% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements); and 100% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements). Feed intake and daily weight gain were not affected by treatments, however, piglets supplemented by trace minerals presented better gain:feed ratio. No differences were observed at calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur excreted in feces per kilogram of feed intake. Treatments did not affect calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and iron content in metacarpals. Trace mineral supplementation, regardless of level and source, improved the performance of piglets. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal do Ceará Centro de Ciências Agrárias Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Paraíba Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias Departamento de Ciência Animal Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:30:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:15:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000352019800047.pdf: 642869 bytes, checksum: 284c05fd6af24e0bfdf9c49dcfe810ec (MD5) Alguns autores consideram os minerais de fontes orgânicas mais biodisponíveis para a nutrição de suínos quando comparados à minerais de fontes inorgânicas. Para avaliar a biodisponibilidade relativa do ferro proveniente da fonte orgânica carbo-amino-fosfo-quelato de ferro (CAFQF), foi conduzido um experimento com 126 leitões de linhagem comercial, utilizando o sulfato de ferro (S) como padrão. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos (dieta sem adição de fonte específica de ferro, dietas com 50, 100 e 150 ppm de ferro na forma de S e dietas com 50, 100 e 150 ppm de ferro na forma de CAFQF), seis repetições e três animais por unidade experimental. Parâmetros de desempenho (ganho de peso médio diário – GMD, conversão alimentar – CA) e variáveis sanguíneas (hemoglobina – Hb, hematrócrito – Ht, transferrina – TR, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro – CLLF, capacidade total de ligação do ferro – CTLF, ferro sérico – FS e índice de saturação da transferrina – IST) foram avaliados. Ao final do experimento um leitão por unidade experimental foi abatido para a retirada do fígado e braço para avaliação da concentração de ferro por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (FAAS). As fontes de ferro avaliadas apresentaram resultados semelhantes para as variáveis de interesse, mas o aumento da ingestão de ferro resultou em aumento linear nos valores de GMD, Hb, Ht, FS e IST e redução linear nos valores de CA, TR, CLLF e CTLF. Para leitões desmamados a biodisponibilidade do ferro proveniente do CAFQF é similar à do S. Some authors consider minerals from organic sources more bioavailable for pig nutrition in comparison with inorganic sources. To evaluate the relative iron bioavailability from the organic source iron carbo-amino-phospho-chelate (ICAPC) to weanling piglets, it was conducted an experiment with 126 commercial piglets, using iron sulfate monohydrate (S) as standard. The experiment had a randomized block design with seven treatments (diet without adding specific source of iron, diet with 50, 100 and 150 ppm iron from S and diet with 50, 100 and 150 ppm iron from ICAPC), six replications and three animals per experimental unit. Performance parameters (average daily gain - ADG, feed: gain ratio - F:G) and blood variables (hemoglobin - Hb, hematocrit - Ht, transferrin - TR, latent iron-binding capacity - LIBC, total iron-binding capacity - TIBC, serum iron - Fe and transferrin saturation index - TSI) were evaluated. At the end of the experiment a piglet from each experimental unit was slaughtered and its liver and spleen removed for assessment of iron concentration by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The evaluated sources of iron yielded similar results for the variables of interest, but the increase in iron intake was followed by a linear increase in ADG, Hb, Ht, Fe and TSI as well as a linear decrease in the values of F:G, TR, LIBC and TIBC. Iron bioavailabilities from both ICAPC and S sources are similar for weanling piglets. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Deptº de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil. Discentes do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Unesp, Botucatu, SP,Brasil. Departamento de Produção Animal.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:53Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84880741093.pdf: 450712 bytes, checksum: 821df207058a0ef93eab4b1a66d55f60 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with plasma and/or yeast extract on performance (daily weight gain [DWG], daily feed intake [DFI] and feed conversion [FC]) and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age. A total of 288 piglets aged 7 days and weighing 2.57±0.05 kg were studied. A randomized block design consisting of four experimental diets, six repetitions and 12 piglets per experimental unit was adopted. The pre-starter I (7 to 21 days), pre-starter II (22 to 35 days) and starter I (36 to 49 days) diets were supplemented as follows: control diet (CD): no plasma or yeast extract; plasma (PL) diet: addition of 6%, 4% and 2% plasma; yeast extract (YE) diet: addition of 6%, 4% and 2% yeast extract; plasma + yeast extract (PL+YE) diet: addition of 3%, 2% and 1% plasma and yeast extract each. From 50 to 63 days of age all piglets received the same diet. No difference in performance was observed from 7 to 21 days and from 7 to 28 days of age, whereas DWG was higher from 7 to 35 days in piglets receiving the PL+YE diet (268, 278, 271 and 288 g/day for CD, PL, YE and PL+YE, respectively). From 7 to 49 days and from 7 to 63 days, DWG (330 and 519 g/day, respectively) and DFI (307 and 647 g/day) were higher in animals receiving the PL-YE diet when compared with those consuming CD (DWG: 295 and 486 g/day; DFI: 266 and 594 g/day). No significant differences in intestinal morphology were observed between piglets receiving the different diets. The combination of plasma and yeast extract elevates DWG, but does not affect the intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. Agroceres Nutrição Animal Ltda, CEP 13502-741, Rio Claro/SP Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal/SP Departamento de Zootecnia Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas, CEP 38702-054, Patos de Minas/MG Departamento de Agropecuária Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58220-000, Bananeiras/PB Departamento de Produção Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu/SP Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Zootecnia Diversificada InstitutodeZootecnia, CEP13460-000, NovaOdessa/SP Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal/SP Departamento de Produção Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu/SP

This study was carried out to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CP, GE, and their respective digestible content of degermed dehulled corn (Zea mays), citrus pulp, and soy (Glycine max) protein concentrate by pigs using the difference method. Thirty-two barrows (28.1 ± 1.6 kg of BW) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet or 1 of 3 diets formulated by replacing 30% of the basal diet with 30% of 1 of the test feedstuffs for 11 d. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was included in the diets. Feces were collected from days 7 to 11 by grab sampling and ileal digesta were collected after pigs were slaughtered on day 12. The AID of DM and AID and ATTD of GE of degermed corn (77.4, 88.7, and 77.7%) were greater (P0.05) than those observed in citrus pulp (50.3, 86.5, and 55.8%) and in soy protein concentrate (63.5, 85.1, and 59.4%), which did not differ (P0.05). The ATTD of CP, total digestible CP, and total DE of soy protein concentrate (87.5%, 500 g/kg, and 3739 kcal/kg) were higher (P0.05) than the values in degermed corn (81.7%, 57.5 g/kg, and 3330 kcal/kg), which were greater (P0.05) than those in citrus pulp (60.5%, 39.5 g/kg, and 3223 kcal/kg). Total and ileal digestible DM, AID of CP, and ileal DE of degermed corn (782 g/kg, 673 g/kg, 70.7%, and 2913 kcal/kg) and soy protein concentrate (778 g/kg, 570 g/kg, 78.7%, and 2878 kcal/kg) were similar (P0.05) and greater (P0.05) than those in citrus pulp (737 g/kg, 436 g/kg, 50.6%, and 2081 kcal/kg). Ileal digestible CP of degermed corn (49.8 g/kg) and citrus pulp (33.0 g/kg) did not differ (P0.05) but were smaller (P0.05) than the value found in soy protein concentrate (434 g/kg). The DM and energy from degermed corn are more efficiently digested by the pig than those from soy protein concentrate and citrus pulp. Soy protein concentrate was the best protein source evaluated in this study.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982012000300024.pdf: 117886 bytes, checksum: 3bd440e4b1739cd16b630d580167ee0b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982012000300024.pdf: 117886 bytes, checksum: 3bd440e4b1739cd16b630d580167ee0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982012000300024.pdf: 117886 bytes, checksum: 3bd440e4b1739cd16b630d580167ee0b (MD5) S1516-35982012000300024.pdf.txt: 34673 bytes, checksum: 9ae1712884e28883aeba9d16db56e8bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982012000300024.pdf: 117886 bytes, checksum: 3bd440e4b1739cd16b630d580167ee0b (MD5) S1516-35982012000300024.pdf.txt: 34673 bytes, checksum: 9ae1712884e28883aeba9d16db56e8bc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982012000300024.pdf: 117886 bytes, checksum: 3bd440e4b1739cd16b630d580167ee0b (MD5) S1516-35982012000300024.pdf.txt: 34673 bytes, checksum: 9ae1712884e28883aeba9d16db56e8bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp in the diet of weaned piglets. A total of 72 piglets (36 castrated males and 36 females) weaned at 21 days of age (BW 6.45±0.66 kg) was distributed according to a randomized block design, for evaluation of performance, transit time, diarrhea incidence and blood parameters of piglets which received diets containing different sources of fiber. The experimental diets were: control diet - diet composed of corn, soybean meal and a source of lactose; control + 1.5% purified cellulose; control + 3% soybean hull and control + 9% citrus pulp. The inclusion of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp in diets of weaned piglets did not affect the performance or transit time of diets in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the use of purified cellulose reduced incidence of diarrhea. The use of purified cellulose, soybean hull and citrus pulp in the diet of weaned piglets does not affect performance or gastrointestinal transit time. The addition of purified cellulose promotes a beneficial effect to control the diarrhea in weaned piglets. Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia

Foram utilizados 16 suínos machos castrados, de linhagem comercial, com 30,42 ± 2,44 kg de peso, os quais foram alojados em gaiolas de estudos metabólicos, com o objetivo de determinar o valor nutricional da polpa cítrica para suínos em crescimento. Utilizou-se o método da coleta total de fezes e os animais foram distribuídos entre as dietas referência e teste, a qual foi composta por 70% da dieta referência e 30% de polpa cítrica. A polpa cítrica apresentou 1.677 kcal de EM/kg e baixo teor de proteínadigestível (1,28%). Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido digestíveis foram 7,46 e 3,49%, respectivamente. Para o amido, principal fonte de energia para os suínos, o nível observado foi de 4,29% e alta digestibilidade (98,90%). Apesar de apresentar razoável teor de cálcio em sua composição (1,42%), verificou-se que apenas 0,42% foi disponível para o animal. Quanto aofósforo, o nível observado foi de 0,40% e o disponível de 0,21%. Conclui-se que a polpa cítrica apresentou digestibilidade aparente da proteína e das energias digestível e metabolizável inferiores à ração de referência. Entretanto, pode ser utilizada nas rações de suínos, uma vez que não apresenta quaisquer características nutricionais indesejáveis que impeçam seu uso.

The objective of this study was to determine the digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients and the digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) values of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced in Brazil by different methods. Eight barrows with 23.3±4.1 kg were housed in metabolic cages in a randomized block design and fed diets containing 0, 200, 400, and 600 g kg–1 of corn DDGS. We determined the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and gross energy (GE) by the total collection (TC) and chromium oxide marker (Cr) methods. Distillers dried grains with solubles provided the respective DM, OM, CP, EE, MM, NDF, and GE values of 910, 863, 286, 66.9, 46.8, 500 g kg–1, and 4,780 kcal kg–1. The DE and ME values of DDGS were 3,739 and 3,401 kcal kg–1 and 3,691 and 3,213 kcal kg–1 as determined by TC and Cr methods, respectively. The growing inclusion of DDGS did not affect the DE or ME values. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, MM, and NDF were 767, 765, 827, 691, 883, and 821 g kg–1, respectively, by the total collection method. The Cr underestimated the values of all variables compared with TC method. Levels up to 600 g kg–1 of the test ingredient do not influence the DE and ME of DDGS, but compromises the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, and NDF.