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The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical approaches and practical recommendations for the organization of the functioning of university technoparks to increase their contribution to the development of youth entrepreneurship at the regional level. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the organization of technoparks allowed us to identify their main goals (promoting economic growth through the development of innovative entrepreneurship) and tasks. On the basis of generalization and systematization of positive foreign experience in the creation and development of technoparks, four organizational models of technoparks (American, European, Japanese, Chinese) are identified, the differences of which consist in determining the main element in the creation of a technopark (university, priority industry or region), which forms the directions of its development and support measures. It is proved that technoparks have a positive impact on the development of entrepreneurship and economic growth. Based on empirical data from the EU-27 countries for 2015–2022 a statistically significant, strong, directly proportional relationship between the dynamics of GDP and the development of entrepreneurship and the startup movement was revealed, which confirmed the author's hypothesis about the positive impact of entrepreneurship on GDP growth rates. The analysis of the development of technoparks in the Republic of Belarus allowed us to identify two organizational models – technoparks created by regional government bodies and university technoparks. Based on the author's expert survey of young people, the potential for the development of youth entrepreneurship in the region has been determined, priority activities (services, advertising), areas of support and existing barriers have been identified. It is shown that university technoparks are an effective tool for the development of youth innovative entrepreneurship in the region, but their functioning requires joint efforts of the government, regional authorities and the university. In the Republic of Belarus, local authorities assist in the development of only those technoparks whose founders are regional government bodies. At the same time, university technoparks practically do not have any additional benefits. Therefore, the commercialization of scientific developments of the university is carried out only by the efforts of the university itself. Practical recommendations are proposed to improve the conditions of economic activity and promote the sustainable financial and economic condition of university technoparks in Belarus (introduction of additional benefits and reduction of tariffs for electricity and heat, changes in the distribution of income from sublease, adoption of a program to stimulate researchers to carry out innovative activities).Целью статьи является разработка теоретических подходов и практических рекомендаций по организации функционирования университетских технопарков для увеличения их вклада в развитие молодежного предпринимательства на региональном уровне. Анализ теоретических подходов к организации технопарков позволил выделить их основные цели (содействие экономическому росту на основе развития инновационного предпринимательства) и задачи. На основе обобщения и систематизации позитивного зарубежного опыта создания и развития технопарков выделены четыре организационные модели технопарков (американская, европейская, японская, китайская), различия которых состоят в определении главного элемента при создании технопарка (университет, приоритетная отрасль или регион), что формирует направления его развития и меры поддержки. Доказано, что технопарки оказывают положительное влияние на развитие предпринимательства и экономический рост. На основе эмпирических данных стран ЕС-27 за 2015–2022 гг. выявлена статистически значимая, сильная, прямо пропорциональная связь между динамикой ВВП и развитием предпринимательства и стартап-движения, что подтвердило авторскую гипотезу о положительном влиянии предпринимательства на темпы роста ВВП. Анализ развития технопарков в Республике Беларусь позволил выделить две организационные модели – технопарки, созданные региональными органами управления и университетские технопарки. На основе авторского экспертного опроса молодежи установлен потенциал развития молодежного предпринимательства в регионе, определены приоритетные виды деятельности (услуги, реклама), направления поддержки и существующие барьеры. Показано, что университетские технопарки являются эффективным инструментом развития молодежного инновационного предпринимательства в регионе, но для их функционирования необходимы совместные усилия правительства, органов регионального управления и университета. В Республике Беларусь местные органы управления оказывают содействие в развитии только тех технопарков, учредителями которых являются областные органы управления. При этом университетские технопарки практически не имеют никаких дополнительных льгот. Поэтому деятельность по коммерциализации научных разработок университета осуществляется толь- ко усилиями самого университета. Предложены практические рекомендации для улучшения условий хозяйственной деятельности и содействия устойчивому финансово-экономическому состоянию университетских технопарков в Беларуси (введение дополнительных льгот и снижение тарифов на электро- и теплоэнергию, внесение изменений в распределение доходов от субаренды, принятие программы стимулирования научных работников для осуществления инновационной деятельности).

The efficiency of the functioning of the securities market is largely determined by the level of development and functional characteristics of its infrastructure. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for improving the infrastructure of the securities market of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of clarifying the essence and determining its elements, analyzing the current state and determining the needs of the market. The article contains definitions and characteristics of the basic elements of the securities market infrastructure such as trading, depositary, settlement and clearing systems, market information support systems, as well as the institution of professional participants in the securities market represented by brokers, dealers and trustees. The paper presents a brief overview of the volume indicators of the securities market of Belarus, presents the results of a comparison of the composition of the basic infrastructure elements of the securities market of Belarus and the EAEU countries. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the ability of the existing infrastructure to provide technical and informational interaction of its participants, recommendations were formulated for improving the domestic securities market and its infrastructure. Эффективность функционирования рынка ценных бумаг во многом определяется уровнем развития и функциональными характеристиками его инфраструктуры. Цель работы состоит в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию инфраструктуры рынка ценных бумаг Республики Беларусь на основе уточнения сущности и определения ее элементов, анализа их текущего состояния и выявления соответствия потребностям рынка. Статья содержит определения и характеристику базовых элементов инфраструктуры рынка ценных бумаг – торговой, депозитарной, расчетно-клиринговой систем, системы информационного обеспечения рынка, а также института профессиональных участни- ков рынка ценных бумаг в лице брокеров, дилеров и доверительных управляющих. В работе представлен краткий обзор объемных показателей рынка ценных бумаг Республики Беларусь, приведены результаты сравнения состава базовых инфраструктурных элементов рынка ценных бумаг Беларуси и стран ЕАЭС. По результатам анализа сделаны выводы о способности существующей инфраструктуры обеспечить техническое и информационное взаимодействие его участников, сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию отечественного рынка ценных бумаг и его инфраструктуры.

Abstract In modern conditions, special attention is paid to the issue of effective youth employment due to the tenser state of the youth labour market and the vulnerable position of university graduates. In these conditions, the main direction of the implementation of the youth employment policy is to increase its competitiveness on the labour market, which is achieved through the formation of the in-demand skills and competencies. In many countries, systems for predicting the skills in demand to ensure growth in labor productivity have been formed and are successfully functioning. For Belarus, it is of practical interest to use contemporary models and technologies for forecasting the labour market in terms of determining the competencies demanded by employers. This approach will allow to make adjustments to the training of specialists, create the basis for the formation of an effective youth employment policy and ensure a qualitative growth in labour productivity in the national economy. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of youth employment and employment of graduates of educational institutions, based on modern methods of analysis and forecasting of skills and competencies demanded by employers using technologies for tracking employment of graduates and the Big Data analysis. The article analyses the main indicators of the labour market in Belarus, its features and disadvantages are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to switch to new sources of growth in labour productivity through the formation of new skills and competencies. Studied and summarized the foreign experience of ensuring the growth of labour productivity by predicting the in-demand skills, as well as the possibility of using it in Belarus. Particular attention is paid to determining the required competencies by tracking the employment of graduates. Such research will determine the skill set that is required for successful employment of graduates and adjust curricula and programs in this context. Taken together, this will expand the complex of implemented measures of the youth employment policy aimed at effective employment and the anchoring of graduates in the workplace. В современных условиях вопросу эффективной занятости молодежи уделяется особое внимание в силу более напряженного состояния молодежного рынка труда и уязвимого положения выпускников. В этих условиях главным направлением реализации политики занятости молодежи является повышение ее конкурентоспособности на рынке труда, что достигается за счет формирования востребованных на нем навыков и компетенций. Во многих странах сформированы и успешно функционируют системы прогнозирования востребованных навыков для обеспечения роста производительности труда. Для Республики Беларусь представляет практический интерес использование современных моделей и технологий прогнозирования рынка труда в части определения востребованных у работодателей компетенций. Такой подход позволит внести коррективы в подготовку специалистов, создать основу для формирования эффективной политики занятости молодежи и обеспечить качественный рост производительности труда в национальной экономике. Цель исследования состоит в разработке направлений повышения эффективности занятости молодежи и трудоустройства выпускников учреждений образования, основанных на современных методах анализа и прогноза востребованных работодателями навыков и компетенций с использованием технологий отслеживания трудоустройства выпускников и анализа больших данных. В статье проведен анализ основных индикаторов рынка труда Беларуси, выделены его особенности и недостатки, сделан вывод о необходимости перехода на новые источники роста производительности труда за счет формирования новых навыков и компетенций. Изучен и обобщен зарубежный опыт обеспечения роста производительности труда за счет прогнозирования востребованных навыков, а также возможность его использования в Республике Беларусь. Особое внимание уделяется определению требуемых компетенций посредством отслеживания трудоустройства выпускников. Такое исследование позволит определить набор навыков, который необходим для успешного трудоустройства выпускников, и скорректировать в данном контексте учебные планы и программы. В совокупности это расширит комплекс реализуемых мер политики занятости молодежи, направленный на эффективное трудоустройство и закрепляемость выпускников на рабочих местах.

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of digital transformation on the regional labor market. The data of the official statistics of the European Union for studying the foreign experience of digital development of the labor market, as well as the information provided by the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, were chosen as an empirical base. The dynamics of the labor market of the Vitebsk region for 2010–2018 is studied. It is shown that traditional sources of data on the labor market in the conditions of its digitalization are not sufficiently informative. A comparative analysis of the structure of vacancies and resumes of the region, posted through the state employment Service and through one of the most popular Internet portals, is carried out Trudbox.by. Significant discrepancies were identified, including in the level of wages, which in turn indicates a decrease in the objectivity of official statistics on the regional labor market. This can serve as a justification for the need to supplement the information and analytical base for assessing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of labor supply and demand in the conditions of digitalization of the labor market. Recommendations on improving the digital literacy of the population of the Vitebsk region, as well as on the formation of an information and analytical system of the labor market are proposed. To simplify the collection, processing and analysis of data on the regional labor market, it is necessary to bring them to a comparable form, which, in our opinion, is possible by standardizing the form of placement of vacancies and resumes on the basis of common classifiers and standards of economic activities, professions and skills. The practical significance of the study, as well as the proposed recommendations, lies in the possibility of their application in the process of coordinating work to promote employment in the region. В статье определены направления трансформации спроса и предложения труда в условиях цифровизации (на примере стран Европейского союза), а также принимаемые меры по их регулированию в этих условиях. Показано, что традиционные источники данных о рынке труда в условиях его цифровизации оказываются недостаточно информативными. Обосновано, что важным дополнительным источником информации становятся онлайн-порталы по трудоустройству. Сравнительный анализ структуры вакансий, заявленных государственной службой занятости и онлайн-порталами, позволил установить различия в спросе на труд в регионе. Предложены рекомендации по повышению цифровой грамотности населения Витебской области, а также по формированию информационно-аналитической системы рынка труда. Последнее предполагает использование единой стандартной формы для размещения вакансий и резюме, позволяющее устранить проблему несопоставимости данных о характеристиках регионального рынка труда для последующей их корректной оценки. Практическая значимость исследования, а также предложенных рекомендаций заключается в возможности их применения в процессе координации работы по содействию занятости населения в регионе.

In the context of the world economy globalization, simultaneous increase in flexibility and volatility of the labour market, structural and demographic shifts, special attention should be paid to the employers' risk reduction associated with seasonal labour supply fluctuations. In the economic literature, the analysis of seasonality in the labor market is considered in terms of choosing the optimal time to apply for a job by job seekers However, the problem of optimal timing of recruitment by organizations remains poorly disclosed. The objective of this study is to forecast changes in labor supply at the labor market of Belarus, taking into account intra-annual seasonal fluctuations and occupation. In order to achieve the set goal the following tasks have been solved: search, analysis and selection of the sources of information about condition and dynamics of labour force supply in the labour market of Belarus; collection, purification, and analysis of statistical information about job seekers in Belarus; selection of the method for seasonal labour market analysis and construction of the seasonal wave, determination of the equations of trend; analysis of the obtained results. General scientific, economic method of analysis, method of grouping and graphical representations were used in the research. In the course of the research the authors built seasonal waves and obtained the equations of trends, which allow to make forecasts of labour force activity in the labour market of the Republic of Belarus in accordance with the type of activity. The research will allow the employers to: effectively develop the recruitment strategy; minimize the recruitment budget; choose the month when the job vacancy announcement will be submitted.

The subject of the research is the study of theoretical approaches and applied assessments of the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty. The article analyzes modern theoretical concepts that explain the direction of the influence of CSR on the perception of consumers, identifies the following advantages that CSR creates for business entities: attracting new consumers, improving the consumer perception of the organization, strengthening competitive advantages in the market and expanding opportunities for attracting capital, improving social and psychological well-being of workers. The article reflects the results of an empirical study of CSR practices in Lebanon, confirming the positive perception of CSR programs by the business community. The directions of development of the theory and practice of CSR in Lebanon are determined. Предметом исследования является изучение теоретических подходов и прикладных оценок влияния КСО на потребительскую лояльность. В статье проанализированы современные теоретические концепции, объясняющие направления влияния КСО на восприятие потребителей, определены следующие преимущества, которые формирует КСО для субъектов хозяйствования: привлечение новых потребителей, улучшение покупательского восприятия организации, укрепление конкурентных преимуществ на рынке и расширение возможностей для привлечения капитала, улучшение социально-психологического самочувствия работников. В статье отражены результаты эмпирического исследования практики КСО в Ливане, подтверждающие положительное восприятие КСО-программ бизнес-сообществом. Определены направления развития теории и практики КСО в Ливане.

This article analyzes labour situation for young people from the region of Belarus. The features of the youth labour market are examined. The research is focused on the methodological differences between Belarusian approach to labour market statistics and ILO's approach. The labour situation for young people in one of the Belarusian regions is described using analysis of the data obtained from empirical research. The article represents results of youth employment and unemployment level assessment, which were received during the survey of the group of 307 young people at the age of 15–29 years by means of questionnaire for households survey on employment issues developed according to ILO's methodology. According to the survey the youth employment level in Vitebsk Region accounted for 36.8 % with the unemployment level being 10.3 % i.e. the actual youth unemployment level is higher than a registered one in Belarus and it is comparable in value to the level in other countries. The research reveals a high number of young people who work while studying. The assessment of means of job seeking showed that individual search alongside with friends' and relatives' help dominates. Other elements of labour market infrastructure (state employment agencies, recruitment agencies) are not popular despite the fact that their efficiency among the registered unemployed is rather high. The research resulted in the development of additional database of the condition of youth labour market in the Republic of Belarus (at regional level) which allows to diagnose the situation in youth employment which is beyond the vision of state employment agencies.

The subject of research is the changes of human resources management at the micro level in the conditions of the economy digitalization. The main directions of the transformation of the labor market in the economy digitalization conditions are the following: expansion of labor supply due to participation in economic activity of various socio-demographic groups of the population; increase in the volume of information about the labor market and its openness due to electronic resources; industry changes in the structure of the labor demand; the jobs polarization; the rapid renewal of professions and skills; the reduction of traditional sectors of the economy; the break of the national labor markets borders. It has been substantiated that these transformations change the requirements for the human resources management service in organizations and modify their functions. The main trends of the human resource management changes in the digitalization conditions are highlighted - the development of employment analysis under Big Data analytics; increased attenion to the formation of the HR- brand; changing the organizational role of the human resources department at the micro level; more active using the staff outsourcing; digitalization of human resource management technologies; expansion of interaction HR-departments and educational institutions, anticipating future skills and competencies; increasing the requirements for the HR manager, especially professional HR-specialists. As a result of the study, the directions for the formation of modern human resources departments in the organizations of the Republic of Belarus were determined, taking into account the course taken by the country to digitalization of the economy.

The subject of the paper - mobile lifestyle of youth in the aspect of employment in conditions of the increasing role of new technologies, essentially changing the traditional ideas of mobility.Mobile lifestyle is a comparatively little studied phenomenon, although the development of information and communication technologies significantly changes almost all manifestations of our life. Mobility, network capital, social and humanitarian technologies are becoming substantial conditions for successful employment. The purpose of the article is to analyse results of the sociological project, where youth of Latvia and Belarus became the object of research, in order to determine problems of mobile lifestyle in the aspect of employment through general and special perception of young people of two countries with differing economic systems. General scientific and special methods of cognitionare used in the research; a special place is given to methods of sociological analysis. The results of the sociological project showed that in the two countries with existing differences in economic systems, the problems of mobile lifestyles of youth are identical. The main problem is the asymmetry in types of mobility and underestimation of those that provide employment and high competitiveness. Self-assessment of mobility levels of young people in Latvia and Belarus is very similar and is characterized by comparatively small proportion of those who expressed their level of mobility at high level. The results of the research may be usedin the state management of social and economic development, youth policy. Solving these problems requires formation of the institutional structures, whose functions should include development of normative legal acts, formation of institutional mechanism and an effective system for e-employment monitoring in the countries.

The subject of research are theoretical and methodological foundations of human resources management in the innovation economy. The article used the methods of comparative analysis, the unity of the historical and logical approaches, and others. The necessity of changes in the methodological framework staff activity under the influence of the new trends in the business environment are determined (increased competition, the formation of a global economic space, the emergence of virtual organizations and the development of e-employment, complexity of motivation personnel etc.). Identified current trends in human resource management organizations (priority active technologies of personnel work, the high proportion of costs of staff in the structure of the total costs; higher organizational status of HR services, wide cooperation of HR department with the other divisions in the organization, and internal organisation; the international focus in HR activities). It is shown that the HR departments of Belarusian organizations do not fully meet the new requirements. The study developed a concept for human resources for innovative economy, which includes goals, objectives, principles, functions, HR activities. Its use in practice will improve the status of HR departments in the structure of organization, to extend the functional range of their activities, to ensure that the HR function requirements of the development of innovative economy of the Republic of Belarus.

The article presents the research results obtained in the framework of research work «Prevention of youth unemployment in the border regions of Latvia and Belarus in conditions of economic recovery», conducted by the specialists of Vitebsk State Technological University (Republic of Belarus) with the financial support of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research. The paper assesses the condition of youth labor market of the Republic of Belarus in Vitebsk region based on statistical data. In particular, the authors conducted a demographic measurement of demand on regional youth labor market; estimated the volume of youth employment resources, the level of economic activity of young people; the level of dynamics and structure of youth employment; conducted of level, structure and dynamics of youth unemployment in the region. It revealed the development trends of the youth labor market and determine the direction of its regulation.

The subject of the study is the effectiveness of active programs of employment. The purpose of this paper is to generalize the existing theoretical concepts determining the effectiveness of employment programs to support the methodological approach to the evaluation of their effectiveness in the region, harmonized with the existing statistical base. Testing of methodical approach (for the region database, the Republic of Belarus) led to the conclusion that despite the priority of active programs to promote employment in the region, they are a quite narrow circle of persons, some of which are not focused on employment. In the database of public service employment is dominated by vacant jobs and vacancies of low quality, but most programs are only of short-term effect. Results of the study to assess the effectiveness of regional employment programs not only in quantity but also in quality, optimize the cost of the state budget for active employment programs, get target employment policies to increase the activity of citizens in job search and job placement.