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Chalachew Kassaw,1 Selamawit Alemayehu2 1Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; 2Departments of Psychiatry, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Selamawit Alemayehu, Departments of Psychiatry, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, P.O.Box, Addis Ababa, 46453, Ethiopia, Email alemayehuselam534@gmail.com; selamawit.alemayehu@sphmmc.edu.etAbstract: Suicide is defined as a death caused by willful acts of taking one’s own life. It might be a way for people to get away from suffering or anguish. Globally, an estimated a million people individuals lose their life due to suicide annually. Before the age of 50 years old more than half (58%) of all suicide deaths occur. This commentary aims to highlight the Ethiopian context, feasible preventive measures, and the way forward in tackling suicidal behavior. Worldwide in adolescent age groups between the ages of 15 and 29, suicide is the fourth leading cause of death. Even though suicide occurs everywhere in the world, according to data in 2019, 77% of all suicides that occurred in the world reside in developing countries. Due to the numerous psychosocial pressures present in Ethiopia, one in four citizens suffers from a mental disorder. According to Ethiopian national data figures, suicide ideation affects 9%, 5– 16% of people, whereas suicidal attempt affects 4%, 1– 8%. Even though, there is a variation of prevalence over the years based on the variation in design, settings, and sample size. There is an increment in the prevalence’s suicidal ideation and attempts in the past 10 years. The country’s Ministry of Health needs to act to address and prevent this urgent public health situation. The prevention of suicide should be a top concern, and working with numerous stakeholders is an efficient and practical approach.Keywords: suicide, Ethiopia, prevention, public health emergency

Abstract The emergent magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials provide ideal solid-state platforms for a broad range of applications including miniaturized spintronics, nonreciprocal optics, and magnetoelectric sensors. Owing to the general environmental sensitivity of 2D magnets, the understanding of ambient effects on 2D magnetism is critical. Apparently, the nature of itinerant ferromagnetism potentially makes metallic 2D magnets insensitive to environmental disturbance. Nevertheless, our systematic study showed that the Curie temperature of metallic 2D Fe3GeTe2 decreases dramatically in the air but thick Fe3GeTe2 exhibits self-protection. Remarkably, we found the air exposure effectively promotes the formation of multiple magnetic domains in 2D Fe3GeTe2, but not in bulk Fe3GeTe2. Our first-principles calculations support the scenario that substrate-induced roughness and tellurium vacancies boost the interaction of 2D Fe3GeTe2 with the air. Our elucidation of the thickness-dependent air-catalyzed evolution of Curie temperatures and magnetic domains in 2D magnets provides critical insights for chemically decorating and manipulating 2D magnets.

Solomon Shitu Ayen, Selamawit Alemayehu, Fentahun Tamene Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Solomon Shitu AyenDepartment of Midwifery, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite 07, EthiopiaTel +251924704053Email solomonsht7@gmail.comBackground: Antepartum depression is a form of clinical depression that can be caused by the stress and worry that pregnancy can bring a more severe level. It can be triggered by an unplanned pregnancy, a history of substance abuse, and low economic status. Antepartum depression is critical and has an intergenerational impact on children in the developing world and it can have negative effects on fetal development. Therefore, this study aimed to assess its magnitude and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Gurage zone public health institutions, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Intuition-based cross-sectional study was employed in Gurage zone public health institutions from February 14 to April 14/2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used. The data were collected and then entered into EpiData and processed by SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. P values < 0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.Results: In this study, a total of 343 pregnant mothers were participated by making a response rate of 96%. The magnitude of antepartum depression among pregnant women was 27.6% (95% CI: 22.4– 33.2). The multivariable analysis showed that respondents who had unplanned pregnancy [AOR=2.11 (95% CI: 1.05– 4.44)], having complications during their previous labor and delivery [AOR=4.42 (95% CI: 2.06– 9.48)], previous history of child hospitalization [AOR=3.34 (95% CI: 1.48– 7.51)], and satisfaction in their marriage [AOR=3.9 (95% CI: 1.15– 13.21)] were associated with antepartum depression.Conclusion: In this study, about one in four women during pregnancy develop antepartum depression. Unplanned pregnancy, complications during labor and delivery of the last baby, women having a history of child hospitalization, and maternal satisfaction with marriage were statistically associated factors with APD. To prevent further consequences, all concerned bodies need to take action by making targeted intervention and early screening of all pregnant mothers for depression.Keywords: antepartum depression, pregnant women, Guraghe, Ethiopia

Charge-lattice coupling plays a central role in the exotic behaviors of multiferroic complex oxides, such as manganites, however, obtaining a microscopic picture is challenging. Here, Savitzky et al. map periodic lattice displacement fields at the picometer scale to study local order-disorder competition.

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as promising candidates for spintronics applications, especially after the recent discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer vdW materials. There has been a critical need for tunable ferromagnetic vdW materials beyond room temperature. Here, we report a real-space imaging study of itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 and the enhancement of its Curie temperature well above ambient temperature. We find that the magnetic long-range order in Fe3GeTe2 is characterized by an unconventional out-of-plane stripe-domain phase. In Fe3GeTe2 microstructures patterned by a focused ion beam, the out-of-plane stripe domain phase undergoes a surprising transition at 230 K to an in-plane vortex phase that persists beyond room temperature. The discovery of tunable ferromagnetism in Fe3GeTe2 materials opens up vast opportunities for utilizing vdW magnets in room-temperature spintronics devices.

Incommensurate charge order in hole-doped oxides is intertwined with exotic phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance, high-temperature superconductivity, and electronic nematicity. Here, we map, at atomic resolution, the nature of incommensurate charge-lattice order in a manganite using scanning transmission electron microscopy at room temperature and cryogenic temperature ([Formula: see text]93 K). In diffraction, the ordering wave vector changes upon cooling, a behavior typically associated with incommensurate order. However, using real space measurements, we discover that the ordered state forms lattice-locked regions over a few wavelengths interspersed with phase defects and changing periodicity. The cations undergo picometer-scale ([Formula: see text]6 pm to 11 pm) transverse displacements, suggesting that charge-lattice coupling is strong. We further unearth phase inhomogeneity in the periodic lattice displacements at room temperature, and emergent phase coherence at 93 K. Such local phase variations govern the long-range correlations of the charge-ordered state and locally change the periodicity of the modulations, resulting in wave vector shifts in reciprocal space. These atomically resolved observations underscore the importance of lattice coupling and phase inhomogeneity, and provide a microscopic explanation for putative "incommensurate" order in hole-doped oxides.

Incommensurate charge order in hole-doped oxides is intertwined with exotic phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance, high-temperature superconductivity, and electronic nematicity. Here, we map, at atomic resolution, the nature of incommensurate charge-lattice order in a manganite using scanning transmission electron microscopy at room temperature and cryogenic temperature ([Formula: see text]93 K). In diffraction, the ordering wave vector changes upon cooling, a behavior typically associated with incommensurate order. However, using real space measurements, we discover that the ordered state forms lattice-locked regions over a few wavelengths interspersed with phase defects and changing periodicity. The cations undergo picometer-scale ([Formula: see text]6 pm to 11 pm) transverse displacements, suggesting that charge-lattice coupling is strong. We further unearth phase inhomogeneity in the periodic lattice displacements at room temperature, and emergent phase coherence at 93 K. Such local phase variations govern the long-range correlations of the charge-ordered state and locally change the periodicity of the modulations, resulting in wave vector shifts in reciprocal space. These atomically resolved observations underscore the importance of lattice coupling and phase inhomogeneity, and provide a microscopic explanation for putative "incommensurate" order in hole-doped oxides.

In charge-ordered phases, broken translational symmetry emerges from couplings between charge, spin, lattice, or orbital degrees of freedom, giving rise to remarkable phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance and metal-insulator transitions. The role of the lattice in charge-ordered states remains particularly enigmatic, soliciting characterization of the microscopic lattice behavior. Here we directly map picometer scale periodic lattice displacements at individual atomic columns in the room temperature charge-ordered manganite Bi0.35Sr0.18Ca0.47MnO3 using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. We measure transverse, displacive lattice modulations of the cations, distinct from existing manganite charge-order models. We reveal locally unidirectional striped domains as small as ~5 nm, despite apparent bidirectionality over larger length scales. Further, we observe a direct link between disorder in one lattice modulation, in the form of dislocations and shear deformations, and nascent order in the perpendicular modulation. By examining the defects and symmetries of periodic lattice displacements near the charge ordering phase transition, we directly visualize the local competition underpinning spatial heterogeneity in a complex oxide.

Abstract Introduction : Preeclampsia can elevate the likelihood of unfavorable consequences for a mother, such as severe morbidity and mortality. World Health Organization recommends low dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, 75 mg per day) for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at moderate or high risk of developing the condition. The use of low dose aspirin is dependent on the knowledge of health care providers working in the antenatal care units. We found inconsistent figures regarding the knowledge level of health care providers on low dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention around different low and middle income countries in the world. Thus, determining the pooled knowledge level of health care providers is very important. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was conducted on the knowledge level of among obstetric care providers towards preeclampsia prevention in low and middle income countries. We identified relevant literature in the English language only. A comprehensive search was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Scopus. Subsequently, all datasets were exported to Mendeley reference manager and transferred to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to eliminate duplicate data during the review process. The extracted Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format data was imported to STATA software version 17 (STATA corporation, Texas, USA) for analysis. Then random effect model was used to estimate the pooled level of knowledge of health care providers on low dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in low income countries. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were computed to assess heterogeneity among all the studies included in this SRMA. Result A total of 1231 articles were identified through our search strategies, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari and Scopus. Ultimately, six articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final SRMA. The pooled knowledge level of healthcare providers regarding the use of low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in low-income countries was found to be 16.38% (95% CI: 4.36–28.40). The Cochrane heterogeneity index, with a substantial I2 value of 98.89% and a significant P-value of 0.01, indicated significant heterogeneity among the primary studies included. Conclusion the knowledge level of obstetric care providers in low and middle income countries is found very low and all the governmental and non-governmental organizations should strive to enhance the knowledge of obstetric care providers on the use of low dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in low and middle income countries.

Objective About 90% of eye health problems are preventable or curable with existing cost-effective interventions. There is limited evidence on eye healthcare utilisation (ECU) and the factors influencing it in the study area. This study aimed to determine the level of ECU and the associated factors in Southern Ethiopia.Design A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia from 1 June to 15 July 2023. Data were analysed using SPSS V.27.Setting Two selected districts (Dita and Uba Debretsehay) in Southern Ethiopia.Participants Permanent residents living in randomly selected kebeles.Outcome measure The level of ECU was the outcome measure. A binary logistic regression model was used to check the association between explanatory variables and the dependent variable. To avoid many variables and unstable estimates and to control for possible confounders in the subsequent model, only variables that reached a p value of less than 0.25 on binary analysis were used in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with ECU.Results 992 respondents participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.4%. The prevalence of ECU within the past 2 years was 21.6% (95% CI 19.0, 24.3). The reported barriers to ECU were lack of awareness (123, 40.6%) and lack of money (58, 19.2%). Age

Background: Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease and early mortality. Self-care is important for the prevention of hypertensive-related complications, and it was found to be necessary to determine the self-care adherence of hypertensive patients in Guraghe Zone, as there are limited findings in this area. The other reason for conducting this study was that there are certain variables related to self-care that have not been well studied, such as BMI, the number of antihypertensive medications, and the duration of antihypertensive drugs the patients are taking. Objective: To assess self-care adherence and associated factors among hypertensive patients at Guraghe zone public hospitals. Methods and materials: A multi-center institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected Guraghe zone hospitals from May 20 to June 20, 2023. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select 370 participants. Hypertension self-care Activity Level Scale Effects (H-SCALE) was used to measure the self-care status. A binary logistic regression model was applied, and variables with a p-value

Background: The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health has been working by introducing vaccines, and integrating the management of newborn and child illnesses to prevent pneumonia, pneumonia-related hospitalization, and mortality. Despite these attempts, the prevalence of pneumonia and the proportion of hospitalizations have increased. Little is known about recovery time from severe pneumonia and its predictors in pediatric patients in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the time to recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors in pediatric patients admitted to government hospitals in the southwest Region. Methods and Materials: A hospital-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 791 pediatric patients admitted with severe pneumonia at a governmental hospital in the South West Region, of Ethiopia. A systematic sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis. The assumptions of Cox proportional hazard models and goodness of fit were assessed using the Shoenfield residual and Cox-Snell, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify the predictors of time to recovery. Variables with a p-value of

Abstract Introduction Unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of sexually active and fecund women who want to delay the next birth (birth spacing) or who want to stop childbirth (birth limiting) beyond two years but who are not using any modern or traditional method of contraception. Despite the provision of family planning services, the unmet need of family planning remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of unmet need for family planning among all reproductive‑age women in Uganda. Methods A secondary data analysis was done based on 2016 Ugandan Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS). Total weighted samples of 18,506 women were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using SPSS Version 26, STATA 14.2, ArcGIS 10.8, and SaTScan 10.1.2 software. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis was made using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I) and Gettis-OrdGi*statistics, respectively. Determinants of unmet needs for family planning were identified by multi-level logistic regression analysis. Variables with a p-value

Background: Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea morbidity among under-five children in the west Shewa zone. Methods: The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among 1004 study participants with under five children. The relation of covariates and diarrheal disease was checked using logistic regression at 95 %CI, where variables with p

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its predictors among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) naïve and experienced HIV-infected individuals.Method and analysis Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Bonga General Hospital and Tepi General Hospital. A total of 616 naïve and experienced HIV-infected individuals participated. A systematic random sampling and consecutive sampling methods were applied to select the HAART experienced and naïve HIV-infected individuals, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used for all study variables. Independent t-test and logistic regression analysis were performed to compare the mean between naïve and experienced patients and to identify its predictor variables considering a

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and found to be the leading cause of cancer death in women, especially in low and middle-income countries. Even though cervical cancer is a preventable disease, its preventive measures have not been equitably implemented across and within different countries; especially in low and middle-income countries, due to different contributing factors. Objective This study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening utilization and its’ predictors among Women in Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed in Bench Sheko Zone from February 2021 to April 2021. Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method, a total of 690 women in the age range of 30–49 years were included in the study. The logistic regression analysis was used considering a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of

Background: The sternum exhibits unique anatomical variations with major clinical and forensic implications. This study is devoted to providing baseline epidemiological information about the sternal foramen and variant xiphoid morphology in Ethiopia. Two extremely interesting and unusual variations of the sternal foramen are also discussed. Methods: This observational study was carried out using dried adult human sternum obtained from skeletal remains samples brought for medicolegal examination over a period of 4 years. A total of 94 dried adult human sternums (66 males (70.2%) and 28 females (29.8%)) were obtained with an age range of 21 to 57 years and a mean age at death of 38.383 ± 11.3480 years. Dried human sternum specimens were morphologically examined, and morphometric parameters were recorded and photographed. Results: A sternal foramen was found in 18 specimens (19.1%); 17 were male and one was female. A single sternal foramen was observed in 83.3% (n=15/18) of the sternal bodies and 11.1% (n=2/18) of the xiphoid processes (both males). In addition, a double sternal foramen was observed in a single male specimen on the mesosternum and xiphoid process. The most common sternal foramen site was at the fifth costochondral junction level. The xiphoid process was present in 77 samples and ended as a single process in 83.1% (n=64/77) of samples. In 15.6% (n=12/77) of the samples, the xiphoid process was bifurcated and trifurcated in a single male (1.3%) specimen. Conclusions: The sternal foramen and variation in xiphoid morphology are common anatomical variations in Ethiopia. The findings of the current study highlight the necessity of strict precautionary measures during sternal procedures in this study population. In addition, such incidental findings during radiologic and autopsy procedures should be properly evaluated to avoid misdiagnosis and misinterpretation of such findings as traumatic or pathologic conditions.