Search

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe coping strategies used by parents of children with cleft palate with or without a cleft (CP ± L) during the early development of their children in El Salvador. Design: Qualitative interviews were completed with 16 parents of children born with CP ± L who were 6 months to 6 years old. Parents were questioned about their emotions and coping during eight time periods: prenatal, birth, social interaction before the first surgery, the beginning of surgeries, social interaction after the first surgery, early childhood education (ECE), speech–language therapy, and formal education. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to identify coping strategies as conceptualized by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). Results: Four major themes emerged: (a) experienced emotions related to diagnosis, (b) interpretations related to the birth of a child with a cleft, (c) seeking and experiencing cleft treatment, and (d) social interaction of the children. During prenatal and birth stages, parents used emotion-focused strategies. A few hours to a week after birth, they used problem-focused strategies, which led them in search of treatment. Some parents used avoidance strategies during periods of social interaction before surgery, ECE, and formal education. Socioeconomic challenges impacted access to speech–language therapy. Sociocultural factors, such as discrimination, religion, and folk beliefs, appeared to influence some of the coping strategies used by parents. Conclusions: Problem-focused strategies appear to be helpful in seeking surgical treatments. The emotion-focused strategy of avoidance seemed to have adverse effects in minimizing opportunities for social interaction prior to surgery and early education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In observation of empirical support and theoretical support for relational and attachment-based interventions in addictions counseling education and research, the authors explore the relational depth model as a potential training model in addictions counseling education. This piece offers training activities for addictions counseling educators targeted at enhancing student capacity and understanding of presence and connection with clients. The authors detail the use of experiential activities to enhance these capacities that include questions for reflection and discussion of application to practice. The authors develop the rationale for this training with a brief review of the relational depth literature and the recent addictions literature regarding research and training in relational factors in addictions counseling. Finally, the authors offer future implications for the addictions counseling education literature including the need for the development and empirical validation of relational training programs in addictions counseling education and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, the authors present archeological evidence of the presence of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. During years 2016 and 2017, the authors visited 5 anthropology museums in Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador, in search for pre-Hispanic archeological evidence of CLP, and 16 anthropomorphic figurines with evidence of CLP were identified; 9 at the Anahuacalli Museum, 6 at the National Anthropology Museum of Mexico, and 1 at the National Anthropology Museum of El Salvador. Fifteen of these ceramics originated from the shaft tombs (pre-Hispanic culture from western Mexico, Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit; dating from 200 bc -600 ad), and 1 ceramic originated from the Cotzumalguapa (a pre-Hispanic culture from western El Salvador dating from 200 ad -900 ad). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe coping strategies used by parents of children with cleft palate with or without a cleft (CP ± L) during the early development of their children in El Salvador., Design: Qualitative interviews were completed with 16 parents of children born with CP ± L who were 6 months to 6 years old. Parents were questioned about their emotions and coping during eight time periods: prenatal, birth, social interaction before the first surgery, the beginning of surgeries, social interaction after the first surgery, early childhood education (ECE), speech-language therapy, and formal education. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to identify coping strategies as conceptualized by Lazarus and Folkman (1984)., Results: Four major themes emerged: (a) experienced emotions related to diagnosis, (b) interpretations related to the birth of a child with a cleft, (c) seeking and experiencing cleft treatment, and (d) social interaction of the children. During prenatal and birth stages, parents used emotion-focused strategies. A few hours to a week after birth, they used problem-focused strategies, which led them in search of treatment. Some parents used avoidance strategies during periods of social interaction before surgery, ECE, and formal education. Socioeconomic challenges impacted access to speech-language therapy. Sociocultural factors, such as discrimination, religion, and folk beliefs, appeared to influence some of the coping strategies used by parents., Conclusions: Problem-focused strategies appear to be helpful in seeking surgical treatments. The emotion-focused strategy of avoidance seemed to have adverse effects in minimizing opportunities for social interaction prior to surgery and early education.

In this letter, the authors present archeological evidence of the presence of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. During years 2016 and 2017, the authors visited 5 anthropology museums in Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador, in search for pre-Hispanic archeological evidence of CLP, and 16 anthropomorphic figurines with evidence of CLP were identified; 9 at the Anahuacalli Museum, 6 at the National Anthropology Museum of Mexico, and 1 at the National Anthropology Museum of El Salvador. Fifteen of these ceramics originated from the shaft tombs (pre-Hispanic culture from western Mexico, Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit; dating from 200 bc-600 ad), and 1 ceramic originated from the Cotzumalguapa (a pre-Hispanic culture from western El Salvador dating from 200 ad-900 ad).