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A new model of field emission in a scanning tunnelling microscope was developed. The model describes the tunnelling current from a surface of semiconductor (semimetal) and allows estimating the preexponential factor in the expression for the tunneling probability. It is shown that this factor is directly related to the degree of localization of the electron density and determines the shape of the local tunnel current-voltage characteristics (LTCVCs) at low voltages. The model allows separating the contributions of surface electronic states of different symmetry (dimension) of the tunnelling current. The practical application of the model is demonstrated by the example of mathematical processing of the LTCVCs of HOPG surface containing different structural defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes the model is developed, allowing to predict wear resistance and others tribotechnical parametres hardloaded high-temperature interfaces. For the predicted adaptation of friction surfaces and a decrease in the wear rate, it is necessary to use tool materials and wear-resistant coatings containing chemical elements and compounds capable, under certain conditions, of chemically interacting with the material being processed and with the environment, creating non-equilibrium secondary structures with negative entropy production. Contributions of additional impacts on the cutting zone due to the use of coolant, unsteadiness of the cutting mode elements, and other relevant factors should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the goals and objectives of creating digital twins of the production system of a machine-building enterprise. The data structure of the information model of the production system of a machine-building enterprise, which is the basis for building a digital twin, is presented. The paper shows the main approaches to managing a production system based on the construction of its digital twin. It is revealed that along with traditional approaches to PS management by forming recommendations in terms of PS engineering and its operation, the choice of the most rational PS management algorithms that take into account the peculiarities of the production process organization and ensure the formation of production schedules that take into account PS reliability indicators has a great potential. It is proposed to use a specialized language of DPML to describe the information model of the PS through the "product-process-resource" paradigm, which ensures the coordination of the processes of forming recommendations in terms of engineering and operation of the PS, as well as the choice of the most rational algorithm for managing the PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of production systems (PS) of discrete multi-nomenclature machine-building enterprises is a complex task, its solution is necessary to support decision-making during technical re-equipment, modernization or technological preparation of production. The paper shows a concept of joint use of operational scheduling systems and simulation modeling systems to improve the efficiency and adequacy of PS analysis. The problem of determining the deviation of the planned state of the PS from the simulated state and evaluating the level of stability and stability of the PS behaviour on its basis is considered. It is revealed that the proposed approach allows us to more adequately determine the timing of the production program, assess the stability of the PS behaviour when using various planning logics and algorithms, and choose the best one for subsequent use in a real PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of additive technologies in the Russian Federation is constrained by the lack of indigenous base for the production of metal powders. SPbPU has developed, manufactured and introduced a plasma atomizer. It provides atomization of metal powders and alloys of various chemical compositions. The data on the main technological parameters of atomization of nickel alloy Inconel 718 and titanium alloy Ti-6A1-4V are presented in the paper. It is shown that by optimizing the spraying mode the possibility to obtain alloy powders with a high level of sphericity and a minimum number of particles with surface and internal defects. The chemical compositions of the obtained particles are almost identical to the composition of the initial atomized materials. Samples for the mechanical testing were made from the obtained powders by the SLM method. The results of mechanical properties tests show that the properties of samples made by 3D printing methods from powders sprayed by plasma atomization methods are identical to the properties of materials made and heat-treated by traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes methods to predict the reliability of a multilayered coating based on a model with independently (sequentially) degrading layers. For the mathematical description of the process of crack penetration into the depth of a layered solid body from the free surface with certain roughness, the propagation of a crack tip into a layer adjacent to the free boundary of the coating is considered. This stochastic process is described through the specification of all multipoint probability distributions (densities), and it represents a Markov process. A mathematical model, described by equations of the parabolic type, is proposed to describe the above-mentioned process. Based on the above model, graphs are constructed to describe the change in the time of the crack propagation through a layer depending on the surface roughness and the ultimate strength (ductility) of the coating. The crack growth rate will be in the range from 10-6 mm/s (when the surface roughness is low) to 10-4 mm/s (when the surface roughness is high). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The range of applications of polymeric materials in the oil and gas industries is expanding every year. For example, at present, a number of industrial enterprises are engaged in the production of various tape polymer composite structures that are used to repair pipelines. They are widely used due to the significant advantages of polymeric materials over steel such as low costs, low weight, corrosion resistance and strength. Moreover, most of the operated pipelines are about to reach their standard service life. In the course of technical diagnostics, a significant number of defects of mechanical origin from external influences are constantly revealed. Repair work on pipelines must fully restore the bearing capacity of the site. Therefore, the use of polymer materials for pipeline repair is an important task. Here, we propose to use polymer composite bandages, which will increase the overhaul period. However, a coherent methodology for choosing a material and calculating the required thickness of this structure is not available in the literature, and, therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop such a methodology, as well as to assess the stress-strain state of pipeline-bandage systems. The method presented in this work takes into account the possible anisotropy of the shroud material in the longitudinal and transverse directions and the possibility of plastic deformation of the pipeline material in the annular direction. This work is based on the following assumptions: (a) bilinear dependence of stress on deformation for steel; (b) plastic deformations of the band material are absent; and (3) absolute adhesion between the pipeline and the band. The paper presents the analysis of the market of polymeric materials for pipeline repair, their key properties, and the minimum thickness of the band made of these materials was calculated for various values of the stress concentration coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of multi-nomenclature production in terms of technical and economic indicators was considered. An integrated design system that is able to assess the real relationship in the system "partmachine-transport device-device-tool" was proposed, and arelationship between the elements of an automated machine tool system was examined. The structure of an automated machine tool system, proposed in the form of a mixed graph, represented by sets described by nonlinear equations, was considered. The definitions of the sets of elements for an automated machine tool system that characterize the properties of technological objects were formulated. The main objects of design in the technological project of an automated machine system of multi-nomenclature production were determined and a graphical interpretation of the automated machine tool system was presented. It was revealed that technological equipment, the main technological machines, cutting and auxiliary tools and vehicles adequately describe manufacturing process for group of parts and are the main objects of designing technological projects for an automated machine system of multi-product manufacturing. The relationships between the elements indicated in the graph allow us to formalize and to establish the relationship between the individual components of an automated machine system, indicating in this way the need to develop a formal methodology for synthesizing the structure of an automated machine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated machine tool systems for multi-product manufacturing were designed for processing parts of a certain nomenclature, which includes separate groups of parts, united by the design, technological, organizational and economic properties. To reduce the number of options in the structure of an automated machine tool system, a target nonlinear design function was applied. Technological conditions were formulated in such a way as to allow synthesizing alternative structures of the designed automated system. At this stage, a matrix of relations was built and a formalized description of technological conditions was given. Specific and generalized technological conditions, which take into account the graph of relations and compatibility condition formulated for any pair of elements, were considered. The article discusses the generalized technological conditions obtained on the basis of the synthesis of compatibility and follow-up properties. The existence of generalized technological conditions for the elements of the automated system of the same name was assessed. The interaction of the elements of an automated system during processing, when the condition of the following and compatibility of technological parameters are met, was studied. By analyzing the functional and technological structure of an automated machine tool system for multi-product manufacturing, the key relationships between its main elements were determined, and the technological environment, a key subject of the system research, was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the years of operation, underground pipelines deteriorate because of aging, wear, damage, and destruction. A comprehensive inspection of the main pipeline revealed various defects on a certain pipeline route section. To identify the remaining operation life of the pipeline, a number of hydraulic tensile strength tests were performed using the cyclic loading method. The authors propose to calculate the minimum allowable wall thickness capable of withstanding the maximum internal pressure, as an alternative to cyclic hydraulic tests. The strength calculations were performed using the well-known mathematical strength criteria proposed by K.V. Zakharov and I.I. Goldenblatt and V.A. Kopnov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical temperature and thermoelastic models of structures of spindle units and ball screw systems of metal-cutting machines were considered. The features of determining the geometric and thermophysical parameters of these models were described in some detail. Both analytical and numerical solutions for estimating time-dependent temperatures are presented. The solutions were obtained for thermoelastic displacements of spindles and ball screw systems for various boundary conditions and limitations of deformations during heating due to the design of these elements of metal-cutting machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of computer simulation of thermophysical phenomena in the contact zone during blade cutting of metals with multi-layer composite wear-resistant coatings that ensure the adaptability of the cutting wedge to friction conditions are presented. On-site experimental studies of the cutting temperature during turning with various coatings, structural-phase analysis of the surface layer of the cutting tool to explain the mechanism of formation of secondary structures with a shielding effect – the effect of selforganization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of high-speed processing of parts of complex configuration, with a large end and longitudinal length, from hard-to-work steels and alloys, it is difficult to ensure the wear resistance of the cutting tool in the aisles of one technological passage. To ensure the appropriate quality indicators of the surface layer, it is impossible to replace a worn-out cutting tool. In connection with the above, the problem of ensuring the operability (wear resistance) of the cutting tool is acute. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of contact phenomena in blade cutting based on the thermodynamics of non – equilibrium processes and from the standpoint of self-organization of the tribosystem are presented. the developed thermodynamic model of blade processing with variable cutting modes (non-stationary) allows to minimize the wear of the cutting tool and generally increase production efficiency by accelerating the drive of the main movement of the metal-cutting machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider linear Hamiltonian differential systems which depend in general nonlinearly on the spectral parameter and with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For the Hamiltonian problems we do not assume any controllability and strict normality assumptions which guarantee that the classical eigenvalues of the problems are isolated. We also omit the Legendre condition for their Hamiltonians. We show that the Abramov method of spectral counting can be modified for the more general case of finite eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian problems and then the constructive ideas of the Abramov method can be used for stable calculations of the oscillation numbers and finite eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) of a workpiece is a complex, fast-flowing process characterized by alternating (intermittent) states: short circuit, idle and spark formation. The discontinuity of the EDM process means that the processing is carried out in single pulses, which are formed by a special pulse generator. The parameters of the generator pulses can be divided into time and electrical. The time period and duration of the pulses, as well as the difference between these two parameters (the "silence" interval), are considered temporary. The electric ones include the amplitude value of the voltage, the maximum permissible current, and the polarity of the pulses. in addition, depending on the device of the generator, the pulses can be composite, for example, have an igniting pulse with a higher voltage and a lower current than the main (working) pulse. In this work, we have developed a interelectrode gap model that allows not only to obtain values of electrical parameters, but also to evaluate and to optimize the electrical parameters of materials being processed with known electrical properties. The key advantage of this model is its modularity, which allows to add new functional blocks, which describe external and internal influences, for example, the concentration of erosion products, uneven electrical conductivity of the workpiece, and others, without changing its structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of the water level in a canal allows us to know its flow. This information is essential for the correct administration of the water resource. Manual quantification can be replaced by micro controlled systems with an internet connection. Thus, the measurement and recording of water levels in open canals in real time is achieved. The chosen micro controlled system was based on ultrasonic instrumentation with GPRS communication. It had a wide cellular network to achieve an effective connectivity in rural areas, a power system combining solar energy with pollutant free batteries and the capacity to store data. The obtained percentage and average errors were lower than the permissible error specified in the requirements. Consequently, the evaluated measurement system is reliable for the evaluation of canals in a real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing of high-precision holes in one technological operation is an urgent problem of advanced manufacturing. Processing of precise holes in parts for aerospace and machine-building industries with a diameter of up to 30 mm is performed during countersinking, deployment or grinding operations. These operations are applied only if there already exists a pre-treated hole. Monolithic three-fluted drills have been becoming common for processing high-precision holes of 7-8 quality over the last few years. The processing of various types of materials such as stainless steels, cast iron and heat-resistant steels requires rational geometric and structural parameters of the cutting tool. The nature of the load distribution between all the teeth during drilling plays a huge role in the processing efficiency. Even load distribution between the three teeth and a positive geometry improves self-centering and reduces the deviation from the specified axis of the hole. The drill sharpening provides positive geometry along the entire main cutting edge. The influence of the geometric parameters of the cutting edge of the screw groove on the shape of the drill bit is equally important. Existing approaches to the design of the thinning do not account for the influence of the geometric parameters of the cutting edge on the section of the screw groove. Analytical approaches to modelling of the main cutting edges are typically married with difficulties associated with achieving a smooth change in the angle of inclination to the tangent of the cutting edge. The complexity of the aforementioned task is largely due to the presence of critical points at the interface of the spiral groove and thinning. Determining the rational shape of two sections of the main cutting edge performed in this study is a complicated task that includes several steps needed to find the number of nodal points. Achieving a positive rake angle in the normal section to the cutting edge at the gash area that was formed via a special sharpening is one of the most important results of this paper. The rational shape of the cutting edge and the front surface provides an increase in the strength of the cutting part by 1.3 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclination angle of cutting inserts of thread cutters should be adjustable to provide the required geometry when machining threads. In serial production, this adjustment is realized by changing the carbide shims. In the present paper, the analysis of relationships between geometric parameters and positioning accuracy errors for thread cutters with inserts is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid end mill with a toroidal forming section are the most productive solutions in the field of processing difficult-to-process materials. The process of forming the cutting geometry of such cutters is performed on grinding machines with CNC with the use of abrasive grinding wheels. The formation of the cutting edge on the toroidal section is carried out by discrete movements of the working bodies of the machine in accordance with the control program. The disadvantage of the stepper drive used in CNC machines is the limited discreteness of the described trajectory resulted in the loss of accuracy when forming radius, arc, spherical and toroidal sections. Loss of accuracy in the formation of elements of the working geometry of a solid end mill can negatively affect the tool life, and the structural strength of the joints of the transition of working surfaces. The study is aimed at identifying the necessary and sufficient number of points that describe the spatial shape of the cutting edge with acceptable loss of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a model of the ultimate stress state of the material of the coated tool cutter. It is found that with an increase in the fracture toughness of a tool in connection with the material ductility the machining accuracy deteriorates due to arising elastic-plastic vibrations of the tool cutter. In case when no ultimate stress state is reached, that is, a tool operates in the elastic region, then an alternating stress distribution diagram is realized for the tool cutter at the beam approximation. Therefore, in addition to the frictional vibrations, arising from the interaction between the tool cutter and a workpiece, the elastic vibrations can arise, which affects the machining accuracy and the service life of the coated tool cutter. The use of coatings makes it possible not only to increase the wear resistance of cutting tools, but also to transform the stress distribution diagrams of the normal σN and tangential τγ contact stresses acting on the rake face of the cutting tool. In particular, it is possible to control the length of the total contact area between the chips and the tool rake face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the structural reliability at ultra-high-speed grinding is an important problem because it defines safety of metalworking. The purpose of work is to achieve the cutting speed up to 400-500 m/s by developing a new design of the grinding wheel with the possibility of using different grinding materials. Grinding wheel design for ultra-high-speed grinding was developed based on calculations carried out using the tear design method, which allows determining the maximum possible circumferential speed, and finite element method used to determine the equivalent stresses, plastic deformations, circumferential and radial movements. The possibility of development of a grinding wheel design for ultra-high-speed grinding has been tested experimentally. The developed designs of grinding wheels show may poddibly be used on super high-speed technological equipment for processing of parts made of hard-to-machine materials. Calculations and comprehensive experimental tests of the design of grinding wheels for ultra-high-speed grinding carried pit in this work allow determining the serviceability and the maximum possible cutting speed and provide useful information for the further development of grinding tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface texture characteristics are specified by international standards, which include dozens of parameters, basically geometrical. The probability of filling the rough surface layer with a material from the reference line and through the layer thickness is proposed as a quantitative roughness assessment. It takes account of geometrical parameters, shape, height and frequency of surface irregularities. An example is given of studying a surface with processing defects, and a comparative analysis of surface treatment methods is presented. The calculation results are summarized in a table of probabilistic characteristics of surfaces for various processing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined effect of ion and laser beams on physical and mechanical properties of metal and alloy surfaces has been studied. The technique of determining the main parameters of polyenergetic ion implantation using a vacuum-arc ion source is proposed and evaluated. It is found that treatment with titanium ions and the subsequent laser thermal hardening increase microhardness of steel 45 and U8 up to 6 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration dampers are installed on the machine foundations in order to reduce the vibration level. Such technological solutions are most expedient in the case of a harmonic load with a low instability of the vibration frequency. Unfortunately, dampers do not provide such a large reduction in the dynamic effect on the base, as vibration isolation, but in some cases their efficiency turns out to be quite sufficient with a relatively simple implementation and low manufacturing cost. The use of dynamic vibration dampers gives a great effect when an increased vibration of foundations occurs during the operation of equipment in metallurgical production, for example, when processing materials by pressure, reconstructing enterprises and replacing heavy equipment. During the operation of heavy forging equipment and manipulators for various purposes, the foundations of these devices can be considered as a rigid body. The model soil on which this foundation is installed can be considered a homogeneous elastic isotropic half-space. When calculating with such mathematical models, one can use solutions of the corresponding dynamic contact problems. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of damping foundation vibrations using different foundation models, including the model of an elastic, homogeneous half-space and a system of semi-infinite rods, the modulus of elasticity of which increases with depth according to the quadratic law, shows a fairly close agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, taking into account the active lifestyle of people, the dynamics of growth of complex fractures is observed. Their treatment is associated with rigid fixation of fragments with plates and screws, that is, with the help of osteosynthesis. In the surgical operating room during osteosynthesis is not possible to use auxiliary tools, which can be used to fix the screw with the required screw-in force. As a result, the screw breaks either during surgery or during further operation. This can be avoided by examining the stress-strain state of the screw head for osteosynthesis. By simulating the screw turning process, it is possible to determine the maximum stresses appearing in the screw heads with different profiles, and to choose or develop the profile of the recess under the key, which will be optimal in terms of stress-strain state and manufacturability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the solution to the Rodrigues equation for determining the volumetric accuracy of multi-axis CNC-controlled systems. An algorithm for calculating the position of the axis of a rotary kinematic pair in problems of volumetric accuracy of mechanical motion of a portal-type system with an additional pair of rotation. The algorithm is based on the analytical solution of the Rodrigues equation in the inverse problem of finding the vector of the final rotation of the known modulus from the known initial and final values of the characteristic vector of the rotated rigid body. In contrast to the well-known direct problem, where based on a finite rotation vector known in direction and magnitude, and the initial value of the characteristic vector of a body, its final value is found, the inverse problem of the Rodrigues equation is not that common due to the nonlinearity and need to solve a nonlinear coupled system of second order equations. The results of this work make it possible to expand the dimension of the space of generalized coordinates of the system analyzed for the volumetric accuracy from three to four. This is expected contribute to the development of ultra-precise systems of controlled mechanical movement. The analytical results of this study were verified by comparing with numerical solutions of the inverse problem in Maple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results of theoretical and experimental study of collisional relaxation of fast electrons energy in gas. The dependence on the gas pressure p and electron energy ε of the mean pass Λ of fast electrons injected into a gas being sufficient to spend on ionization all their initial energy ε has been calculated. It was found that Λ is directly proportional to ε2 and inversely proportional to the gas pressure. To sustain glow discharge with electrostatic confinement of fast electrons, Λ should be less than the mean way to the anode of emitted by the cathode electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micromachining is an up-to-date technology widely used in different advanced areas like electronics, aerospace and medical industries. For manufacturing components with highest precision and lowest surface roughness, small-sized end mills with working diameter of less than 1 mm are often used. In this paper, in order to determine the functional relationships between structural strength, cutting properties and geometry of small-sized cutting tools, the mathematical models of working part of micro milling cutters were derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new method of product processing with beams of accelerated electrons and fast neutral atoms, which are generated by an immersed in plasma grid under a high negative voltage of 5 kV. The electrons appear due to secondary emission from the grid surface provoked by its bombardment with ions accelerated from the plasma. At the gas pressure not exceeding 0.1 Pa the ions with energy of 5 keV reach the grid without collisions in the space charge sheaths near its surface and their current in the grid circuit is by 2-3 times lower than the electron current. At higher pressures accelerated ions due to charge exchange collisions in the sheaths turn into fast neutral atoms leaving the sheaths and forming the beams. With the pressure increasing, the electron beam current diminishes and the current of fast atom beam grows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the development of a model and elaboration of the structure of the mathematical formalism for the assessment of the state of comprehensive security in order to prevent threats to the individual and society in cyberspace. The types and objects of information threats are examined, the main properties, which are indicators and parameters we should possess, are revealed and the key stages of status assessment of comprehensive security in state entities, municipalities and organizations are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the systemic and synergistic approaches, the features and regularity of the selforganizing systems, it is concluded that the social systems are nonlinear, open, complex, self-organizing systems. The scheme-model of the general structure of the social system is considered. Much attentions is given to the interactions of the social systems elements with the biosystems. The graphic model-tree, reflecting the association between the social systems and the biosystems. In connection with that the most significant technologies and the scientific trends, connecting with the biosystems: the gens, the genetic engineering, the artificial intellect, the bio- and nanotechnologies, the biomedicine, microbes, viruses are considered. The futures of the dynamics of the social systems are noted. It is shown, that, with a high probability, the spiral evolutionary processes can occur in the social systems. The mathematical model is presented, that describes the spiral structures, based on the Swift-Hohenberg equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese language uses the ideographic writing. The outer form of Chinese characters in 3rd century ВС and later underwent strong changes, which were caused mainly by change in the technique of writing. In the first century AD the writing style that has survived to the present time. We recall some of main results of the spread and change of linguistic information in certain Chinese community obtained with the help of a dynamic nonlinear model. Undoubtedly, Oracle script writings Jiaguwen (甲骨文) played an important role in this process. We consider it quite legitimate to discuss rather about the written language of the Chinese language, as main link between ancient Chinese, Middle Chinese, and modern Chinese languages Putonghua. In the study of the oldest examples of art, culture and science, for example, such as Jiaguwen, there is a need to study ancient hieroglyphs depicted on the surface of a tortoise shell, copper vessel or stone. New method for correct solving of an inverse problem for pattern recognition is presented. Our method is based on photometry of the studied surface. The obtained data are digitally processed in order to determine the characteristics and parameters characterizing the properties of the investigated surface. The possibilities and limitations of the method, as well as the mathematical model of the groove in the optical range, are given. The main attention is paid to the development of methods for more accurate calculation of the number of solitary grooves and structural elements such as hieroglyphs or ancient Chinese radicals (部首 / bùshǒu). This task is part of the complex inverse problem of pattern recognition, namely: identification of various structural elements, for example, ancient hieroglyphs depicted on the surface of a tortoise shell. To solve this important problem, two main methods were proposed, which are based on the study of both the initial photometric data and the study of their Fourier spectra. The first method allows you to visually identify the location of the characters along the photometric line and determine their approximate number. The second method allows us to get a stable and unambiguous solution to this problem: to determine accurately the number of characters on the photometric line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the concept of the methodology of intellectual labor automation, a formal description of the infological model (ILM) at the object level, and also a description of the analytical processing of ILM. The infological model is a project of an information-active system for a computing environment, independent of software and hardware tools and implementation environments. The infological model describes the static, dynamic and functional components and their linkage. The elements of the static component (the infological structure) are structural unitssuch as "information module", "information entity"and "information attribute". The dynamic component reflects the system of subject accesses to the infological structure. The functional component reflects the system of subject manipulations, which describes the algorithm for performing a class of applied tasks for the computing environment. The main stage of the analytical processing of infological models is the restructuring of their functional components. The method and technique of descriptions restructuring of the system of subject manipulations at the level of structural units of the "information attribute-5" type were developed. The method allows providing reduction of time and space expenses in the computing environment for the performance of the algorithm for solving a class of applied tasks at the design stage of information-active systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine a mathematical model of solidification of the melt in a two-phase zone during the formation of forgings through liquid stamping. From the simultaneous solution of the Fourier equations of thermal conductivity for the melt, the two-phase zone, and the solid crust, the solidification kinetics has been established and the effect of external pressure on the temperature fields and components of the solidification time of hollow thin-walled forgings has been thoroughly assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value orientations of the young intellectual leaders cause absolute interest because, by realizing their ambitions, projects and making creative breakthroughs, they will eventually change history, create new directions for the development of science and art. Not only the realization of the talented youth's own potential depends on what they think about the meaning of a person, on the worldview positions, but also whether the future society will be humanistic, whether talent will be cultivated in it. The article presents the results of a statistical sociological study of ideas about humanism, qualities of a leader, value orientations and the level of existential fulfillment of young intellectual leaders - graduate students of a technical university. The level of existential fulfillment of the sample is interconnected with a high vitality and self-awareness of health, ideas about humanism as the flourishing of sciences and art, ideas about freedom as a responsible choice, and the morality of universal justice. However, graduate students deliberately downplay the values "stimulation" and "hedonism" (striving for novelty and deep experience to maintain an optimal level of activity). Although the combination of these values with the value "independence" is significant for creative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the investment attractiveness of regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation using the principal component method. Indicators are selected characterizing investment attractiveness of Russian regions of the Volga Federal District. Functional dependence of the selected indicators are defined, based on which the estimation of level of investment appeal of regions of the Volga Federal District and their clustering. Recommendations for improving the investment policy of Russian regions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinate system for describing practices of public administration in developed countries is set by three basic models: rational bureaucracy, New Public Management, and New Governance, which are "layered" on top of each other. However, in many developing countries, these models work differently, and instead of an upward movement, a spiral of reforms and counter-reforms is obtained. Moreover, in the face of global uncertainty generated by the transformation of the world order and the intensified COVID-19 pandemic, it is even more difficult to borrow the best practices from highly developed countries. The institutional model of neopatrimonialism, which includes the informal core and the formal periphery of the system of state institutions, has serious potential for understanding the specifics of government in developing countries. The value-neutral interpretation of neopatrimonialism opens up a broader view of such problems as state interventions into the economy, the relationship between power and property, the national model of democracy, etc. For Russia, the authors propose the redistributive neopatrimonialism model. Neopatrimonialism appears to be a phase in the cycle "mobilization system – stagnation – neopatrimonialism – renewed mobilization system". It is hypothesized that the next phase will be built taking into account the principles of open network organization and solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emotional state of an employee of any enterprise influences both the efficiency of work performance and the quality and stability of the final result. Management of production processes, taking into account the monitoring of the emotional state of the employee, is a rather urgent task that allows minimizing the risks of deviations from the specified level of product quality and production safety. However, the quality of the assessment of this influence is currently subjective and is based both on the personal opinion and competences of the expert conducting the monitoring, and on the tools used by him for assessing the emotional state. At the same time, the use of modern intelligent automated methods and tracking systems will reduce the distortion of expert judgment. Creation of an expert system for analyzing the emotional state of employees of an enterprise will make it possible to recognize the emotions of a particular employee with a fairly high degree of accuracy, accumulate a system of knowledge and generate analytical conclusions and predictions of behavior based on it, compile an emotional portfolio of each employee and draw conclusions about the ability to perform a certain type of work and current states. This paper presents the concept of an algorithm of an expert system (hereinafter referred to as ES), which is able, on the basis of the data obtained on the individual methods of non-verbal expression of an employee's emotions, to assess the influence of his emotions on the quality of his work. The article reflects the results obtained in the framework of the implementation of the Agreement on research No. 05.601.21.0019 dated November 29, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps applications are shown in this paper. The industry obligations secondary market risk estimation methods are considered in this work. The new methods taking into account statistically significant parameters for industrial credit derivatives portfolio are offered for single-name investment risks numerical experiments realization. The mathematical estimation of tranche were shown. The single and multiple name default obligations necessary mathematical modeling methods and formulae for the industrial materials manufacturers derivative credit tools market are shown. It is determined that the portfolio of synthetic debt tools is made of the given parameters. The task of a loss derivative tranches mathematical estimation is solved. Late defaults raise the equity tranches payment required sums with high spreads, early defaults reduce. Also the functional characteristics required for an estimation huge debts problem solving are partly considered in this paper. The problem of the default modeling for market tools and numerical simulation of the obligations influence on conditions of current bistability mode are shown here. Some credit derivatives of industrial manufacturers are demonstrated in the modeling process of default as an example. It is found that the model is an additional factor help us to estimate the default opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, measures are being developed to reduce the noise level at the workplace of a mechanic-repairman to replace filter cloth. Based on the results of production control and a thorough assessment of working conditions, the source of noise was determined to be the VDN-17 fan. The analysis of Russian and foreign studies in the field of the negative impact of noise on the human health and methods of dealing with industrial noise has been carried out. As a result, a technical method of reducing negative impact of noise was selected and the acoustic efficiency of the muffler for the VDN-17 fan was calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article begins by analysing the fields of application of cargo drones at an international level, to then determine the most used configurations and with the best performance to lift important loads, from which a coaxial octocopter drone with X8 configuration was designed and built, with a payload capacity of up to 20 kg and a flight range of 45 minutes. The relevance to build in Ecuador of this type of drones was also analysed and thus minimize technological dependence. The results showed that it starts with 31% of national components and that by executing activities aimed at reducing dependency, in a period of 5 years it can reach 63.8% of national components for the construction of drones of these characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following document presents the development of educational experimental prototypes. The themes of the prototypes cover principles or concepts of physics. Like kinematics, oscillatory movements and shocks. Each prototype has sensors that allow measurements of the variables involved in the experimentation. At the same time, mobile applications are developed for devices with Android operating system, which allow the user to control the prototype from their cell phone and also view the variables measured by the experimentation prototypes. The applications also have a data export system that allows to obtain a file in csv format. In this way, the measurements are obtained in the form of a table to later be processed through office automation tools or other numerical computing software such as Matlab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]