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In an experiment on Wistar rats, a Heymann's active nephritis model was reproduced. After the chronic course of the disease was confirmed, we compared the effectiveness of single systemic and local transplantation of allogeneic cultured stromal cells of the mononuclear fraction of the bone marrow. Both methods of cell therapy reduced clinical manifestations of active Heymann's nephritis: proteinuria decreased and glomerular filtration rate increased 30 days after cell administration. At the histological level, signs of the inflammatory process manifested in an increase in the number of CD68 + cells. Thus, in the case of autoimmune glomerulonephritis, two transplantation methods provide a comparable level of correction of functional disorders in Heymann's active nephritis model., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Simulation of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in experimental animals is of great interest for studies in translational medicine. The processes of intestinal adaptation are most often studied in rats aged 8-10 weeks with up to 70% resection the small bowel. In this case, the animals are euthanized in 2 weeks after the surgery; further development of the pathological process remains practically unexplored. In our experiment, a number of blood biochemical parameters and morphological signs of intestinal adaptation were assessed within 34 weeks after surgery. It was shown that after resection of 70% of the small bowel in rats (180±15 g), clinical symptoms are observed only during the first 2 weeks, however, the mortality in the group was observed throughout the entire period of the study in the absence of clear clinical signs. Morphological compensatory changes in the walls of the small intestine continued up to 34 weeks after resection, and their morphometry can be used to describe adaptation in the dynamics of the study., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The article is based on studies of medical and technical problems of habitability, livelihoods, military; environment and service troops justified the structure and content of the complex system requirements on the everyday safety of servicemen. It summarizes the scientific and educational methods to the accounting of the human factor in military facilities. Allowable limits and hygienic standards are the foundation of life safety of personnel. Extreme conditions are characterized by emergencies and injury.

The article presents the current issues hygiene mechanical prevention of disease in the younger generation in re-formation of the Russian Armed Forces, the economy, health, education and ecological trouble.

Particles of 3 different marks of gunpowder, withdrawing from experimental gunshot injuries, were examined with scanning electronic microscopy. Features of ultrastructure, making possible to differentiate gunpowder of studied marks, were detected.

Basic parameters of pulmonary gas exchange, central and pulmonary hemodynamics, and colloid osmotic pressure were investigated in 31 patients in diabetic hyperglycemic coma over the course of intensive care. Pulmonary gas exchange disorders were observed in all patients in the presence of increased shunting of the blood in the lungs and disorders of transcapillary liquid exchange. On the other hand, we failed to obtain data indicative of an increase in the volume of extravascular water in the lungs. However, it does not rule out the possibility of iatrogenic disorders of gas exchange during noncontrolled rehydration.

The regional problems of radiation hygiene are discussed. Multileveled regulation and classification of EED from artificial and natural sources of ionizing radiation for the Altai Territory are elaborated. Data on other sources of the radiation are also dealt with.

Study of the environmental pollution (ambient air, drinking water, food and fodder) in southern Ukraine industrial region and study of congenital developmental defects were carried out. 78,678 newborns were examined. The most significant environmental factors responsible for congenital developmental defects, as authors proposed, were the ambient air pollution and environmental radioactivity.

The condition of the main stages of immunogenesis was studied in F1 (CBA X C57Bl6) hybrid mice in the search for the means for correcting posttraumatic immunodeficiency in severe polytrauma. The response of the immune system to a severe polytrauma was characterized by the development of emergency adaptational and pathological processes. The migration of stem hematopoietic cells and T-lymphocytes increased, the inducing capacity of macrophages was intensified, the migration capacity of B-lymphocytes diminished in increase of their differentiation from pre-B-cells, the inhibiting activity of T-suppressors reduced. The humoral immune response is restricted against this background. Deficiency of T-cell helper function was the main pathogenetic factor in the formation of posttraumatic immunodeficiency. Replacement of this function by interleukin-2 may possibly be an effective method for correcting posttraumatic immunodeficiency.

An investigation of immune status of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis prior to operation and in the postoperative period has proved the development of a pronounced secondary immune deficiency involving T and B-systems of the immune control as well as factors of nonspecific resistance. These changes may be considered as risk factors of the development of infectious complications in the postoperative period. Prophylactics of the secondary immune deficiency by administration of Contrical is indicated which permitted the amount of postoperative complications and the period of stay at the hospital to be decreased.

Programmes for the calculation of basic hemodynamic parameters determined by impedance plethysmography, using microcalculator "Electronika MK-61" and its function analogues are presented. Programmed calculations save time and increase the accuracy of calculations especially in large-scale investigations.

Variation pulsometry, a method of mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm, was used to assess function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with euthyroid and thyrotoxic goiter. Simultaneously orthostatic tests for a selective effect on parts of the autonomic nervous system were done. A total of 46 patients were examined: 16 with nodular forms of euthyroid goiter and 30 with thyrotoxic goiter III. In the patients with euthyroid goiter a moderate degree and in the patients with thyrotoxicosis a pronounced degree of tension of both parts of the regulation system were revealed. At the visceropathic stage of thyrotoxicosis, intra-endocrine interrelationships with the blockade of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system are changed that can be of importance for working out medicamentous preoperative preparation of patients.

For estimating the vital capacity of the brain in critical situations use was made of a set of non-invasive, rapid, and economic diagnostic methods including echoencephalography, echo-pulsography of the ventricular system and the major arteries of the brain, the time motion method and dopplerography. Clinical and experimental studies were carried out on 15 animals and 70 patients who were in the state of cerebral or extracerebral coma of the IInd--IVth degree. Some parameters have been obtained which can be used as prognostic criteria for deciding on the desirability of continuing the resuscitation measures.

Experimental studies in mice have shown that Dimexid injected after trauma can protect the immune system from inhibiting effects of trauma factors. Dimexid when used in the complex treatment of a severe mechanical trauma can reduce the risk of posttraumatic infectious complications.

Experiments on mice have shown that severe mechanical trauma brings about phasic changes in the kinetics of hemopoietic stem cell migration. Within the first four days after the trauma the migration of stem cells gets intensified and returns to normal by day 8. This reaction is regarded to be a defence one, since it guarantees the function of the most important component of immunity, namely the organs where stem cells differentiate as T and B lymphocytes.