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We explored links between competitive authoritarianism and populism in Serbia under Vučić via mixed methods. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 228 political cartoons (2013–2017) by Dušan Petričić, a leading cartoonist and government critic, and qualitative visual and contextual analysis of four cartoons that reflected key themes—media freedom violations, unfair political competition, and populist and abusive rule. We found that populism appeared as the ‘soft’ face of competitive authoritarianism, tolerable to domestic audiences and acceptable to influential international actors because of its reliance on more informal and sophisticated and less repressive forms of authoritarian manipulation.

Veliki broj političara koristi vizuelni medijski sadržaj za potrebe lične promocije, predizbornih kampanja i za komunikaciju sa biračima. Pored televizijskih snimaka i fotografija u štampanim medijima, političari sve više koriste vizuelno-centrične digitalne platforme, poput Instagrama, Jutjuba, Snepčeta i TikToka, kako bi doprli do šire javnosti i obezbedili veću podršku. Jedan broj političara redovno koristi Instagram kao mrežu koja beleži ogroman rast u odnosu na druge poznate društvene mreže. Instagram je svojom vizuelnošću omogućio političku hiperindividualizaciju, pa se čini da su inače distancirani predsednici, premijeri i drugi političari sve „običniji” i bliži građanima. Jedan od njih je i predsednik Srbije Aleksandar Vučić, čiji je zvanični Instagram profil @buducnostsrbijeav poslednjih godina postao važan izvor informacija mejnstrim medijima u Srbiji, pa i Javnom medijskom servisu. Imajući u vidu ovaj kontekst, u radu se istražuje kako se na Instagram profilu predsednika Srbije vizuelno reprezentuju građani Srbije i kao objekat i kao izvor politike. Na osnovu kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize fotografija i video snimaka objavljenih u toku 2019. i 2021. godine, identifikuju se glavni vizuelni okviri u kojima se predstavljaju građani Srbije, kao i vizuelne strategije na osnovu kojih Aleksandar Vučić stupa u interakciju sa običnim ljudima, uspostavlja odnose sa pojedinim društvenim i profesionalnim grupama, a istovremeno šalje određene političke poruke. A large number of politicians often use visual media content for promotion, cam- paigning and communication with citizens. Alongside traditional visual con- tent, such as TV newscasts and images in print media, visual digital platforms and social media have become popular avenues for politicians to reach the au- dience and garner support. Some of them regularly use Instagram as a growing platform in recent years, which has contributed to political hyper-individualiza- tion and made “distanced” presidents, prime ministers and other political lead- ers more “ordinary” and closer to citizens. The Instagram account of Aleksandar Vučić, Serbia’s president, has become highly popular in recent years and high- ly relevant source of information for the mainstream media in Serbia, including the Public Broadcasting Service RTS. Against this background, this paper exam- ines how Serbia’s citizens have been visually represented on the president’s In- stagram. For that purpose, quantitative and qualitative content analysis of pho- tographs and videos published in 2019 and 2021 has been conducted. The study identifies the main visual frames in which the citizens of Serbia appear on this profile and discusses the leading visual strategies of Vučić’s interaction with the people in general and with specific social and professional groups

The research of media presentation of migrants and refugees has been intensified in recent years, especially after 2015 when several million people fled their homes from the war zones in the Middle East and Africa. Contemporary scholarship focusing on journalistic and media reporting on migrant crisis has been mainly researching Western European and the US media context, as well as verbal media narratives of print media outlets. Only a small number of papers examines visual media content, which can have a significant impact on citizens? perceptions about migrants and refugees. In Serbia, a country situated on ?the Balkans route? and which more than a million people from Middle East and Africa had crossed since 2015, visual depiction of migrants and refugees has been rarely researched. Against this background, the paper is based on media framing theory and examines visual framing of migrants and refugees in nine print and online media in Serbia from 2015 until 2020. Methodologically, the paper builds on mixed method research of 469 images analyzed within the denotative, stylistic-semiotic and connotative level of visual media framing (Rodriguez and Dimitrova, 2011), including the timeline analysis of dominant visual media frames and presentation techniques of migrants and refugees in the relevant media outlets in Serbia.

Contemporary research on media reporting about migrants and refugees has been intensified since the 2015 European migrant crisis. However, only a limited number of authors focus on the visual representation of female migrants, which has been recognised to lead to more positive citizens' perceptions and the development of the "culture of hospitality" (Bleiker et al., 2014). The main objective of this paper is to identify dominant visual frame in which female migrants appear in the Serbian print and online media. The mixed-method analysis of 54 images captured from 2015 until 2020 is based on the theoretical concept of visual media frames. The main results show that female migrants have been dominantly visually represented as a threat to border security and public health and that they are usually captured in long shots, deprived of identity and voice in the overall media coverage.

The aim of this paper is to sketch a brief history of complex digital transformation of media and journalism in the context of Serbia, a European country which has undergone politically turbulent transition from authoritarian to democratic rule over the past 20 years. Despite the long process of the EU integration, the country has been recently downgraded to a partly free hybrid regime with rapid decline of press freedom, high political and media polarization and raising political and economic instrumentalization of media. Against this background, the paper problematizes how the main structural transformations of the media environment, such as the transition from state to public broadcasting, the introduction of new media laws and the lengthy process of media privatization intersected and influenced different phases and outcomes of the digital transformation of journalism and news media in the country. Unlike the digital journalism development in established democracies of the West, the real systemic change and adaptation of Serbia’s media market to easy-to-use technologies, newsrooms convergence, profitable content and participatory journalism has been largely limited and overpowered by the interplay between the state and the media over the past two decades.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable and aggressive plasma cell malignancy characterized by a complex karyotype with multiple structural variants (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs). Linked-read whole-genome sequencing (lrWGS) allows for refined detection and reconstruction of SVs by providing long-range genetic information from standard short-read sequencing. This makes lrWGS an attractive solution for capturing the full genomic complexity of MM. Here we show that high-quality lrWGS data can be generated from low numbers of FACS sorted cells without DNA purification. Using this protocol, we analyzed FACS sorted MM cells from 37 MM patients with lrWGS. We found high concordance between lrWGS and FISH for the detection of recurrent translocations and CNVs. Outside of the regions investigated by FISH, we identified >150 additional SVs and CNVs across the cohort. Analysis of the lrWGS data allowed for resolving the structure of diverse SVs affecting the MYC and t(11;14) loci causing the duplication of genes and gene regulatory elements. In addition, we identified private SVs causing the dysregulation of genes recurrently involved in translocations with the IGH locus and show that these can alter the molecular classification of the MM. Overall, we conclude that lrWGS allows for the detection of aberrations critical for MM prognostics and provides a feasible route for providing comprehensive genetics. Implementing lrWGS could provide more accurate clinical prognostics, facilitate genomic medicine initiatives, and greatly improve the stratification of patients included in clinical trials.KEY POINTS- Linked-read WGS can be performed without DNA purification and allows for resolving the diverse structural variants found in multiple myeloma.- Linked-read WGS can, as a stand-alone assay, provide comprehensive genetics in myeloma and other diseases with complex genomes.

SUMMARYThe natural killer (NK) and non-cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells (ILC) lineages play vital role in the regulation of the immune system. Yet understanding of mechanisms controlling NK/ILC development remains incomplete. The evolutionary conserved FOXO family of forkhead transcription factors are critical regulators of cellular processes. We found that the loss of FOXO1 and FOXO3 together caused impaired activation of the NK gene expression program and reduced ETS binding already at the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) level and a block at the ILC progenitor (ILCP) to NK progenitor transition. FOXO controlled NK cell maturation in organ specific manner and their ability to respond to IL-15. At the ILCP level, disruption of the ILC lineage specific gene programs was associated with broad perturbation of the generation of the non-cytotoxic ILC subsets. We concluded that FOXO1 and FOXO3 cooperatively regulate ILC lineage specification at the progenitor level as well as the generation of mature ILCs.

In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients, treatment with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib induces a rapid shift of tumour cells from lymph nodes (LN) to peripheral blood (PB). Here, we characterized in depth the dynamics of ibrutinib-induced inflammatory, transcriptional and cellular changes in different compartments immediately after treatment initiation in seven relapsed/refractory CLL patients. Serial PB and LN samples were taken before start and during the first 29 days of treatment. Changes in plasma inflammation-related biomarkers, CLL cell RNA expression, B-cell activation and migration markers expression, and PB mononuclear cell populations were assessed. A significant reduction of 10 plasma inflammation markers, the majority of which were chemokines and not CLL-derived, was observed within hours, and was paralleled by very early increase of CD19+ circulating cells. At the RNA level, significant and continuous changes in transcription factors and signalling molecules linked to B-cell receptor signalling and CLL biology was observed in both PB and LN CLL cells already after 2 days of treatment. In conclusion, ibrutinib seems to instantly shut off an ongoing inflammatory response and interfere with diverse sensitive pathways in the LN.

Nucleosome assembly proteins (NAPs) are histone chaperones with an important role in chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We find that high gene expression levels of mouse Nap1l3 are restricted to haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice. Importantly, with shRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 mediated loss of function of mouse Nap1l3 and with overexpression of the gene, the number of colony-forming cells and myeloid progenitor cells in vitro are reduced. This manifests as a striking decrease in the number of HSCs, which reduces their reconstituting activities in vivo. Downregulation of human NAP1L3 in umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSCs impairs the maintenance and proliferation of HSCs both in vitro and in vivo. NAP1L3 downregulation in UCB HSCs causes an arrest in the G0 phase of cell cycle progression and induces gene expression signatures that significantly correlate with downregulation of gene sets involved in cell cycle regulation, including E2F and MYC target genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that HOXA3 and HOXA5 genes are markedly upregulated when NAP1L3 is suppressed in UCB HSCs. Taken together, our findings establish an important role for NAP1L3 in HSC homeostasis and haematopoietic differentiation.

Epigenetic alterations contribute to leukemogenesis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia and therefore are of interest for potential therapeutic strategies. Herein, we performed large-scale ribonucleic acid interference screens using small hairpin ribonucleic acids in acute myeloid leukemia cells and non-transformed bone marrow cells to identify leukemia-specific dependencies. One of the target genes displaying the strongest effects on acute myeloid leukemia cell growth and less pronounced effects on nontransformed bone marrow cells, was the chromatin remodeling factor CHD4 Using ribonucleic acid interference and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, we showed that CHD4 was essential for cell growth of leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo Loss of function of CHD4 in acute myeloid leukemia cells caused an arrest in the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as downregulation of MYC and its target genes involved in cell cycle progression. Importantly, we found that inhibition of CHD4 conferred anti-leukemic effects on primary childhood acute myeloid leukemia cells and prevented disease progression in a patient-derived xenograft model. Conversely, CHD4 was not required for growth of normal hematopoietic cells. Taken together, our results identified CHD4 as a potential therapeutic target in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

The apparition of adaptive immunity inGnathostomatacorrelates with the expansion of the E-protein family to encompass E2-2, HEB and E2A. Within the family, E2-2 and HEB are more closely evolutionarily related but their concerted action in hematopoiesis remains to be explored. Here we show that the combined disruption of E2-2 and HEB results in failure to express the early lymphoid program in CLPs and a near complete block in B-cell development. In the thymus, ETPs were reduced and T-cell development perturbed, resulting in reduced CD4 T- and increased γδ T-cell numbers. In contrast, HSCs, erythro-myeloid progenitors and innate immune cells were unaffected showing that E2-2 and HEB are dispensable for the ancestral hematopoietic lineages. Taken together, this E-protein dependence suggests that the appearance of the fullGnathostomataE-protein repertoire was critical to reinforce the gene regulatory circuits that drove the emergence and expansion of the lineages constituting humoral immunity.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive cancer that originates from antibody-secreting plasma cells. Although genetically and transcriptionally well characterized, the aberrant gene regulatory networks that underpin this disease remain poorly understood. Here, we mapped regulatory elements, open chromatin, and transcription factor (TF) footprints in primary MM cells. In comparison with normal antibody-secreting cells, MM cells displayed consistent changes in enhancer activity that are connected to superenhancer (SE)-mediated deregulation of TF genes. MM cells also displayed widespread decompaction of heterochromatin that was associated with activation of regulatory elements and in a major subset of patients’ deregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway. Finally, building SE-associated TF-based regulatory networks allowed identification of several novel TFs that are central to MM biology. Taken together, these findings significantly add to our understanding of the aberrant gene regulatory network that underpins MM.

Ibrutinib (Imbruvica™) is an irreversible, potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Over the last few years, ibrutinib has developed from a promising drug candidate to being approved by FDA for the treatment of three B cell malignancies, a truly remarkable feat. Few, if any medicines are monospecific and ibrutinib is no exception; already during ibrutinib's initial characterization, it was found that it could bind also to other kinases. In this review, we discuss the implications of such interactions, which go beyond the selective effect on BTK in B cell malignancies. In certain cases, the outcome of ibrutinib treatment likely results from the combined inhibition of BTK and other kinases, causing additive or synergistic, effects. Conversely, there are also examples when the clinical outcome seems unrelated to inhibition of BTK. Thus, more specifically, adverse effects such as enhanced bleeding or arrhythmias could potentially be explained by different interactions. We also predict that during long‐term treatment bone homoeostasis might be affected due to the inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover, the binding of ibrutinib to molecular targets other than BTK or effects on cells other than B cell‐derived malignancies could be beneficial and result in new indications for clinical applications.

Epigenetic alterations contribute to leukemogenesis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia and therefore are of interest for potential therapeutic strategies. Herein, we performed large-scale ribonucleic acid interference screens using small hairpin ribonucleic acids in acute myeloid leukemia cells and non-transformed bone marrow cells to identify leukemia-specific dependencies. One of the target genes displaying the strongest effects on acute myeloid leukemia cell growth and less pronounced effects on nontransformed bone marrow cells, was the chromatin remodeling factor CHD4. Using ribonucleic acid interference and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, we showed that CHD4 was essential for cell growth of leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. Loss of function of CHD4 in acute myeloid leukemia cells caused an arrest in the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as downregulation of MYC and its target genes involved in cell cycle progression. Importantly, we found that inhibition of CHD4 conferred anti-leukemic effects on primary childhood acute myeloid leukemia cells and prevented disease progression in a patient-derived xenograft model. Conversely, CHD4 was not required for growth of normal hematopoietic cells. Taken together, our results identified CHD4 as a potential therapeutic target in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

The contemporary 4R concept of waste management, in accordance with the globally spread trend of sustainability, promotes: reducing the amount of waste at the source, reusing of elements and their parts, recycling in order to produce raw material and recovering of the embodied energy. Discarded bricks from building demolition sites considered in this research could be reused, but also crushed in appropriate facilities and employed as aggregate in various cement composites. This paper investigates the possibility of using such recycled crushed clay brick material as aggregate in a prefabricated composite fa?ade panel with the face of stone, which can be used in a ventilated fa?ade system. It describes the production process of a pilot element, and further suggests the details of the fa?ade cladding technology concerning the proposed element, i.e. its production technology options, as well as transport and installation technologies. The paper further displays various design possibilities of the panel closely related to the production technology options, as well as observed aspects of sustainability and cost effectiveness relevant to the application of the proposed fa?ade panel. The research contributes to the contemporary course of sustainability within the construction industry by proposing an example of forming a new prefabricated building element using recycled building demolition waste material.

This paper assesses the potential of historical industrial buildings to be reused as office spaces. Belgrade’s industrial heritage has been classified according to the criteria that influence visual comfort, including glazing area, floor depth, and orientation. Daylight performance of two representative buildings has been analyzed using daylight factor, point in time illuminance and spatial daylight autonomy. Potential improvement strategies that would not have a negative impact on the historical character of buildings have then been discussed. Further studies include increased internal surface reflectance and introduction of roof-lights. The impact of roof-lights on the annual cooling and heating load has been addressed in parallel. Since LEED is the dominant sustainability assessment tool in Serbia, preliminary compliance with LEED v4 Daylight credit has been assessed for all options. The methodology and findings can be applied to a wide range of industrial buildings in similar climatic conditions. U radu je analizirana prenamena industrijskih objekata izgrađenih pre Drugog svetskog rata u poslovne. Industrijsko nasleđe Beograda je klasifikovano prema kriterijuma koji utiču na vizuelni komfor, uključujući veličinu prozora, dubinu osnove i orijentaciju objekata. Količina prirodne svetlosti je analizirana korišćenjem faktora dnevne osvetljenosti (daylight factor), nivoa osvetljenosti (point in time illuminance) i prostorne autonomije dnevne svetlosti (spatial daylight autonomy). Nakon analiza, razmatrane su potencijalne strategije za unapređenje nivoa osvetljenosti koje ne bi imale negativan uticaj na istorijski karakter zgrada. Dalje analize uključuju povećanje vrednosti refleksije površina prostorije i uvođenje krovnih prozora. Uticaj krovnih prozora na godišnju potrebnu energiju za grejanje i hlađenje objekata je takođe razmatrano. LEED je dominantan program za sertifikaciju poslovnih zgrada u Srbiji. Stoga, rad uključuje preliminarane analize svih opcija za usklađenost sa zahtevima LEED v4 kredita “Prirodno osvetljenje”. Metodologija i zaključci ovog istraživanja mogu se primeniti na širok spektar industrijskih objekata u sličnim klimatskim uslovima.

Improvement of energy performances of the existing buildings in the suburban settlement Konjarnik in Belgrade, by the application of solar thermal systems is the topic presented in this paper. Hypothetical models of building improvements are created to allow the benefits of applying solar thermal collectors to residential buildings in Belgrade climate conditions to be estimated. This case study presents different design variants of solar thermal collectors integrated into a multifamily building envelope. The following aspects of solar thermal systems integration are analyzed in the paper: energy, architectural, ecological and economic. The results show that in Belgrade climatic conditions significant energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions can be obtained with the application of solar thermal collectors.

In this study we analyzed the very early effects of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib on tumor and immune cells in 7 symptomatic, relapsed or refractory CLL patients during the first four weeks of treatment. Five of the patients had Rai stage IV at study entry and four patients had 17p deletion or TP53 mutation. Median number of previous treatment regimens was 2 (range 1-4). Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected before (< 1 week) treatment start and at six different time points during the treatment (9 hours after treatment start on day 1; on day 2; day 4; day 8; day 15 and day 29). Fine needle aspiration of two pathological lymph nodes (LN) identified by ultrasound was performed before (< 1 week) treatment start and at day 2, day 8 and day 29. Flow-cytometry was performed to analyze the changes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in PB including CLL cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and T cells memory subsets, helper subpopulations (Ths) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, changes in expression of 18 B-cell activation and migration markers on CLL cells as well as T-cell activation and proliferation markers, were analyzed in paired LN and PB samples. Finally, plasma levels of 92 inflammation-related protein biomarkers were assessed by Multiplex Proximity Extension Assay (PEA). In six out of seven patients the size of the LN decreased gradually during the four weeks of observation, achieving complete clinical remission in three patients and partial remission in three other. In 5 evaluated patients, the CLL cell counts in PB increased already 9 hours after treatment start (fold increase 1.36-2.84). In all the patients, CLL cells were higher at day 2 and 8 compared to baseline (p=0.02), and decreased by day 29 to levels not significantly different from the baseline. Over the four weeks period CD4+ cells increased (p=0.03), while CD8+, NK, and NKT cells remained stable. The distribution of the CD4+ and CD8+ memory cell subsets remained unchanged. Th1 cells increased (p=0.01) while Th2, Th17 and Tregs were stable. Expression of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) in T cells was unaffected. No effect was seen on CLL apoptosis. Proliferating (Ki67+) CLL cells, which at baseline varied between 1.2-10.8%, were not detected in blood after 1 week of treatment (p=0.0006). Ki67+ T cells were also eliminated (p=0.0007), but with a delayed kinetics (4 weeks). Paired LN and PB samples were screened for changes in 18 surface markers relevant for B-cell activation and migration. With the exception of CD23, whose expression was lower in PB compared to LN (p=0.02), no difference was observed in the expression of the other analyzed surface markers on CLL cells from the two different tumor compartments at baseline. CD5 expression remained stable during treatment, albeit decreasing significantly by day 29 in PB (p=0.02). Expression of CD20 decreased in both compartments at day 8 (p=0.02) and CD40 decreased at day 8 only in PB (p=0.02). CD69 expression (MFI) decreased both in PB and LN by day 8 (p=0.02), while the percentage of positive cells significantly dropped already at day 2 in PB (p=0.02) and from day 8 in LN (p=0.03). CD23 MFI decreased in the LN compartment already at day 2 (p=0.02), but the percentage of positive cells was significantly lower only at day 8 (p=0.03). Compared to LN, CD23 expression was lower in PB before treatment and therefore the significant drop both in MFI and percentage of positive cells was seen only after 4 weeks (p=0.02). No change in the expression of CD49d was observed. In 5 evaluable patients, the plasmacytoid DCs, undetectable at baseline, increased during treatment (p=0.06), while CD16+SLAN+monocytes decreased (p=0.06). Finally, plasma levels of 50 molecules were significantly changed at ≥ 1 time point during treatment. With the exception of CST5 and IL-17C, which were increased, the residual 48 proteins were all down-regulated, some of them (e.g. CCL3 and CCL4) already by 9 hours. The majority of the cytokines with significantly reduced levels are pro-inflammatory molecules. In conclusion, these data indicate that ibrutinib causes major changes both in CLL and bystander cells as well as in the levels of several inflammation-related protein biomarkers already shortly after treatment initiation. Disclosures Lundin: Janssen: Research Funding. Kimby:Gilead: Honoraria, Other: honoraria for educational lecture in meeting sponsored by Gilead; Roche: Other: Honoraria for lecture in educational meetings; Pfizer: Other: Research grant; Celgene: Other: Honoraria for lecture. educational meeting; Jansen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Honoraria for lecture at educational session. Österborg:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding.

The objective of this study was to investigate the signal transduction pathways associated with the clonal development of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells. The contribution of particular signaling molecules of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and PI-3 kinase signaling to the growth of murine bone marrow colony forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and erythroid (burst forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E] and colony forming unit-erythroid [CFU-E]) progenitors was examined in studies performed in the presence or absence of specific signal transduction inhibitors. The results clearly pointed to different signal transducing intermediates that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation depending on the cell lineage, as well as on the progenitors' maturity. Lineage-specific differences were obtained when chemical inhibitors specific for receptor- or nonreceptor-PTKs, as well as for the main groups of distinctly regulated MAPK cascades, were used because all of these compounds suppressed the growth of erythroid progenitors, with no major effects on myeloid progenitors. At the same time, differential involvement of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK transduction pathway was observed in the proliferation and/or differentiation of early, BFU-E, and late, CFU-E, erythroid progenitor cells. The results also demonstrated that phosphatydylinositol (PI)-3 kinase and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcriptional factor were required for maintenance of both myeloid and erythroid progenitor cell function. Overall, the data obtained indicated that committed hematopoietic progenitors express a certain level of constitutive signaling activity that participates in the regulation of normal steady-state hematopoiesis and point to the importance of evaluating the impact of signal transduction inhibitors on normal bone marrow when used as potential therapeutic agents.

Adaptive facade systems are getting increasingly common in modern buildings envelopes. Their adaptive behaviour poses special requirements concerning structural aspects of the façade. In the present paper, an overview of the possible classification of structurally adaptive facades and related requirements is given. Furthermore, it is discussed how changes in their structural characteristics needs to be properly taken into account when testing and modelling their performance. The main challenges of the aforementioned aspects are hence briefly highlighted in the paper.