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Introduction. Surrogacy is a method of infertility treatment involving the conclusion of an agreement between potential parents, a surrogate mother and a medical institution. Until now, lawyers have not been able to develop a unified approach to forming the regulatory framework for surrogacy. Whether healthcare providers have developed a standard view of this problem is not clear. The purpose is to summarise the medical community representatives’ views on the surrogacy program’s managing issues and their participants’ rights and obligations. Material and methods. The Internet survey was conducted among medical workers of various specialisations from different regions of Russia and among future specialists (students of medical universities and interns). 7504 questionnaire was analysed. The questions concerned the indications for surrogate motherhood, the sources of its funding, the citizenship of the participants in surrogacy and their contractual obligations, the rights of the surrogate mother and the ordering parents. Results. medical specialists assign a pivotal role to the surrogacy program’s legal aspects, despite being implemented using high-tech medical technologies. They give priority rights to a newborn child to the ordering parents. During pregnancy and childbirth, decisions regarding lifestyle, hospitalisation, and delivery methods should be made only in conjunction with specialists from the medical institution that signed the contract. As the level of professional responsibility of medical specialists grows, the share of answers about the inadmissibility of state funding of surrogacy, the implementation of surrogacy programs for foreign citizens and single men and women as genetic donors increases, and the share of answers about the admissibility of altruistic surrogacy decrease. Conclusion. Having decided on the legal issues of managing medical care in surrogacy programs, representatives of the medical community do not consider this type of high-tech medical care a common way to solve the problem of infertility, considering it as an exclusive method of medical care for married couples with infertility of women.

Background.Comorbidity of diseases deteriorates health and often increases the risk of death. Identification of comorbidities with diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) will help find additional measures to increase life expectancy. Aims to identify causes associated with death from DCS and to analyze their interrelation based on the multiple cause analysis. Materials and methods.Data on DCS deaths of the Death registration in the Moscow Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (RFS-EMIAS) in 2019 (46 000 deaths) and from April to May 2020 (11 000 deaths) excluding perinatal mortality were analyzed. The association analysis was carried out across groups of the ICD-10 DCS blocks by calculating the corresponding frequency. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed in the infected deceased and those free from infection. Comparison was carried out by the Chi-square test. Results.The following Diseases of the circulatory system are associated with Diabetes mellitus: Hypertension, Coronary heart disease, Cerebrovascular diseases, and Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. A synergetic effect has been identified in comorbidity with the diseases characterized by high blood pressure and Chronic rheumatic heart diseases, other forms of heart disease(I30I52), Cerebrovascular diseases and Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries; the latter and Coronary heart disease and Cerebrovascular diseases; other forms of heart disease and Mental disorders due to psychoactive substance use; Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes and Pulmonary circulation disorders. Effect of the increased risk of death in non-symmetric associations of causes has been detected for comorbidity of Diseases of veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes and Chronic viral hepatitis; Coronary heart disease and other forms of heart disease; Hypertension and Coronary heart disease; in males comorbidity of Obesity and Hypertension, and Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries and Hypertension. Associations between DCS and their complications have been identified in females: Diseases of veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes and Phlegmon, and Cerebrovascular diseases and Decubital ulcers. Conclusion.SARS-CoV-2 increases mortality from Chronic coronary heart disease, ICD-10 I67.8 code for Other specified cerebrovascular diseases and Hypertension in females 1.5-fold. The infection rate in females died from DCS is significantly lower compared to the one in males.

A laser technology for creating nanocomposites from alternating layers of albumin/collagen proteins with two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 wt.% was proposed. For this purpose, a setup with a diode laser (810 nm) and feedback system for controlling the temperature of the area affected by the radiation was developed. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine a decrease in the defectiveness of SWCNT with an increase in their concentration in the nanocomposite due to the formation of branched 3D networks with covalent bonds between nanotubes. It was revealed that adhesion of proteins to branched 3D networks from SWCNT occurred. The specific electrical conductivity of nanocomposites based on large SWCNT nanotubes was 3.2 and 4.3 S/m compared to that for nanocomposites based on small SWCNT with the same concentrations—1.1 and 1.8 S/m. An increase in the concentration and size of nanotubes provides higher porosity of nanocomposites. For small SWCNT-based nanocomposites, a significant number of mesopores up to 50 nm in size and the largest specific surface area and specific pore volume were found. Nanocomposites with small SWCNT (0.001 wt.%) provided the best cardiac fibroblast viability. Such technology can be potentially used to create bioelectronic components or scaffolds for heart tissue engineering.

Decellularization of biotissues reduces immunogenicity, promotes cell repopulation, and improves the functional parameters of biotissues, in particular reducing calcification. However, it is important to understand the impact of decellularization technologies on the characteristics of donor allografts in comparison with the functional characteristics of conventional cryopreserved implants. In this work, we tested and applied a new hybrid method of decellularization of donor human aorta in a multicomponent system with supercritical carbon dioxide and Tween 80. We compared the histological sections, structure, and mechanical strength properties of the hybrid decellurized aorta with those of the conventional cryopreserved and chemically treated donor aorta. We found that it is possible to completely remove cells and cellular components, preserve the histoarchitecture of the tissue using the hybrid treatment with scCO2/Water/EtOH/Tween 80 multicomponent system, and reorganize the collagen fibrils, which is manifested in the strengthening of the tissue (Δσ=20 ± 5%) and its increased elasticity (Δe = 20 ± 3%).