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Na temelju provedenog terenskog istraživanja pojavnosti nasilja nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima, kao i njihovih uvjerenja i stavova o nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima koje je bilo provedeno na uzroku od 350 Romkinja koje žive na području 12 izoliranih romskih naselja na području Međimurske županije, upotrebom logističke regresijske analize izrađena su tri prediktivna modela profila Romkinje kao žrtve obiteljskog nasilja u romskoj obitelji. Aplikativni cilj istraživanja bio je usmjeren prema pomoći nadležnim zdravstvenim i socijalnim službama, kako bi na vrijeme mogle usmjeriti fokus svojeg rada prema onim Romkinjama kao korisnicama koje su pod većim rizikom od izloženosti nasilju. U prvom modelu, koji je uključivao samo sociodemografske karakteristike ispitanica, od prediktora izloženosti Romkinja obiteljskom nasilju unutar Romske obitelji prema Waldovu testu značajnosti koeficijenata kao statistički značajni izdvojeni su starija životna dob (OR 1,848, p - 0,007), veća materijalna deprivacija (OR 2,345, p - 0,021) i ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta prije 16. godine života (OR 7,962, p - 0,004). Proširenjem modela sa stavovima i predrasudama o nasilju nad ženom uz već izdvojene značajni prediktore kao što su mlađa životna dob (OR 1,760, p - 0,015), ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta (OR 8,210, p - 0,003) i ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,305, p - 0,048, kao najsnažniji prediktor izdvojena su uvjerenja i stavovi o nasilju (OR 1,957, p - 0,002), pri čemu Romkinje s većim stupnjem prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju imaju i veću šansu da budu žrtve nasilja. Konačno, uvođenjem kao nezavisne varijable i izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu i to po pojedinim oblicima zlostavljanja (tjelesnom, psihičkom, seksualnom i ekonomskom), dobiven je prediktivni model koji se pokazao statistički značajnim (p < .01), a koji je od sva tri modela najbolje predviđao vrijednosti zavisne varijable, pri čemu su od prediktora bili značajni ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta (OR 7,955, p - 0,041), ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,106, p - 0,017), veća brojnosti djece na skrbi (OR 3,087, p - 0,049) i izloženost tjelesnom (OR 14,560, p-0,001), ekonomskom (OR 4,728, p - 0,049) i psihičkom (OR 8,088, p - 0,000) nasilju u djetinjstvu. Izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu toliko je snažan prediktor da njegovim uvođenjem u model stavovi o nasilju, odnosno veća sklonost prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju nad ženom te veća materijalna deprivacija gube prediktorsku snagu, čime je direktno potvrđena pretpostavka da su Romkinje koje su bile žrtve nasilja u djetinjstvu pod višestruko većim rizikom od bivanja žrtvom nasilja u odrasloj dobi.

U novije doba, više nego ikad ranije, klimatske su promjene globalnog karaktera i ozbiljno determiniraju razvoj i budućnost turizma u širem obuhvatu turističkih regija i svijetu u cjelini. Klimatske promjene ne predstavljaju samo hipotetski akademski izazov za čovječanstvo, već direktno utječu na sve aspekte ljudskog života, uključujući turizam, koji i sam postaje globalni ekološki problem. U ovom radu fokus interesa bio je usmjeren na istraživanje postojanja povezanosti između kategorije smještajnog objekta izražene zvjezdicama s iskazanim uvjerenjima i stavovima menadžera o klimatskim promjenama i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i turizma. U istraživanju je postavljena hipoteza prema kojoj postoje znatne razlike u uvjerenjima i stavovima o klimatskim promjenama i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude između menadžera u različitim kategorijama (dvije do pet zvjezdica) turističkih smještajnih kapaciteta (hoteli, aparthoteli, turistička naselja, kampovi ili marine). Stoga je specifični cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi utječu li kategorija različitih turističkih smještajnih kapaciteta (hoteli, aparthoteli, turistička naselja, kampovi ili marine) na uvjerenja i stavove menadžera o pitanjima klimatskih promjena i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude. Područje provođenja istraživanja bilo je prostorno određeno na cijelom području Republike Hrvatske i na ukupnoj populaciji svih kategoriziranih turističkih smještajnih objekata, odnosno na 1084 kategorizirana objekta na dan 7. ožujka 2019. prema kategorizaciji koju je provelo Ministarstvo turizma RH. Prikupljanje podataka bilo je provedeno metodom e-anketiranja, pri čemu je od ukupnog broja poslanih anketnih upitnika uredno bilo ispunjeno 283 upitnika, što je predstavljalo odaziv od 26,1 %. U skladu s postavljenom hipotezom i ciljem istraživanja dokazano je postojanje znatnih razlika u stavovima menadžera koji upravljaju turističkim smještajnim objektima koji imaju različitu kategorizaciju, odnosno različit broj dodijeljenih zvjezdica, i to po svim tvrdnjama o kojima su izrazili svoj stav, u sve tri komponente stava. Uvjerenja i stavovi menadžera u smještajnoj turističkoj industriji funkcija su raznih karakteristika smještajnog objekta, pri čemu snažnije proekološke stavove i veću razinu ekološke svijesti o klimatskim promjenama i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude pokazuju menadžeri zaposleni u smještajnim turističkim kategoriziranim objektima s višom kategorijom, odnosno većim brojem zvjezdica., In recent times, more than ever before, climate change has become global and it seriously determines the development and future of tourism in the wider range of tourist regions and the world as a whole. Climate change is not only a hypothetical academic challenge for humanity but directly affects all aspects of human life, including tourism, which itself is becoming a global environmental problem. This paper focuses on exploring the existence of a correlation between the category of accommodation facility categorized by a star marking system with expressed beliefs and attitudes of managers about climate change and the interinfluence between climate change and tourism. The research hypothesized that there are significant differences in beliefs and attitudes about climate change and the interinfluence between climate change and tourist accommodation, as well as about climate changes as determinants in shaping the tourist offer, between managers in different categories (2-5 stars) of tourist accommodation facilities (hotels, apartholtels, resorts, camps or marinas). Therefore, the specific objective of the research was to determine whether the categories of different tourist accommodation capacities (hotels, aparthotels, resorts, camps or marinas) influence managers’ beliefs and attitudes towards climate change and the interinfluence between climate change and tourist accommodation, as well as climate change as determinant in shaping the tourist offers. The research encompassed the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia and all categorized tourist accommodation facilities, i.e., all 1084 facilities which were categorized in accordance with the categorization carried out by the Ministry of Tourism on the date of 7 March 2019. Data collection was carried out using the e survey method, whereby out of the total number of sent survey questionnaires, 283 questionnaires were duly completed, which represented a response of 26.1%. In accordance with the hypothesis and the goal of the research, the existence of significant differences in the attitudes of managers of tourist accommodation facilities with different categorization or different number of awarded stars has been proven in all three components of the attitude items. Beliefs and attitudes of managers in the accommodation tourism industry are a function of various characteristics of the accommodation facility, with stronger pro-environmental attitudes and a higher level of environmental awareness about climate change and interinfluence between climate change and tourism accommodation, as well as climate change as determinants of tourism offer, are expressed by managers of tourist accommodation facilities of a higher category or with a higher number of stars.

Metode komplementarne i alternativne medicine (KAM) široko su rasprostranjene diljem svijeta, a u novije vrijeme raste njihova upotreba i na području Republike Hrvatske. Ovim pilot istraživanjem željelo se utvrditi stavove i uvjerenja budućih zdravstvenih radnika o pojedinim metodama komplementarne i alternativne medicine i njihovoj učinkovitosti. U tu svrhu korišten je ranije dizajniran originalni upitnik koji je primijenjen na malom uzorku. Rad je napravljen i za potrebe izrade diplomskog rada autorice s namjerom proširenja istraživanja na višoj razini školovanja koja je u tijeku. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika veliki postotak njih je barem jednom upotrijebio neku od metoda te isto tako većina ispitanika smatra kako bi se metode KAM-a trebale integrirati u obrazovni sustav, kao i s klasičnom medicinom. Kao najučinkovitije metode ispitanicu su naveli akupunkturu, kiropraktiku te razne masažne tehnike., Methods of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are widespread throughout the world, and recently their use is growing in the Republic of Croatia. This pilot research aims to determine the attitudes and beliefs of future health professionals about the certain methods of complementary and alternative medicine and their effectiveness. For this purpose, an original questionnaire previously designed was used on a small sample. The paper was also made for the purpose of writing the author’s diploma thesis with the intention of expanding the research at the higher level of education that is underway. Of the total number of respondents, a large percentage of them have used one of the methods at least once, and most respondents also believe that KAM methods should be integrated into the education system, as well as with classical medicine. They mentioned acupuncture, chiropractic and various massage techniques as the most effective methods.

Predmet istraživanja bili su stavovi i predrasude Romkinja o nasilju nad ženama u romskoj obitelji. Provedeno je jednokratno istraživanje tipa tzv. nacrta »poprečnog presjeka« u jednoj vremenskoj točki (proljeće 2020.) metodom anketiranja, a na proporcionalnom, stratificiranom uzorku od 350 Romkinja iz 12 romskih naselja Međimurske županije. Romska kućanstva odabrana su metodom »nasumičnog hoda«, a ispitanice metodom »prvog rođendana«. Istraživanje je pokazalo visoku razinu prihvaćenosti predrasuda o nasilju nad ženom u obitelji, uključujući prihvaćenost stavova o pravu muškarca na primjenu nasilja nad ženom pod brojnim okolnostima, nadalje visoku razinu prihvaćenosti predrasuda o krivnji žene kao žrtve za doživljeno nasilje, zatim predrasudu o minorizaciji značenja nasilja i relativizaciji odgovornosti nasilnika za učinjeno nasilje, te prihvaćenost predrasuda o načinu prevencije nasilja, a sve navedeno izraženo kroz ukupnu zabilježenu prosječnu vrijednost razine prihvaćanja prema svih 40 postavljenih tvrdnji na skali od 1 do 5. Istraživanjem je potvrđena signifikantna pozitivna povezanost prihvaćanja predrasuda sa svim promatranim socio-demografskim čimbenicima tako da su prihvaćanju takvih stavova značajno sklonije bile mlađe Romkinje, one koje su sklopile tradicionalni romski brak u mlađoj dobi prije punoljetnosti, one s vrlo niskom razinom obrazovanja, bez završene osnovne škole, nezaposlene i koje su prvo dijete rodile prije 16. godine, kao i one koje imaju više od četvero djece na skrbi., The subject of the research is the attitudes and prejudices of Roma women about violence against women in the Roma family. The research was a cross-sectional study at a single point in time (spring 2020) using a survey method, conducted on a proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 Roma settlements in Međimurje County. The research was carried out as a one-time survey according to the so-called drawing a »cross-section at one point in time« (spring 2020) using the survey method, and on a proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 Roma settlements in Međimurje County. Roma households were selected using the »random walk method« and the interviewee was selected using the »first birthday method«. The research showed a high level of acceptance of prejudices about violence against women in the family, including the acceptance of attitudes about a man’s right to use violence against a woman under numerous circumstances, further about the woman’s guilt as a victim for the violence experienced, then about the minimization of the meaning of violence and the relativization of the abuser’s responsibility for what has been done violence, and the acceptance of prejudices about the way to prevent violence, and all of the above expressed through the total recorded average value of the level of acceptance according to all 40 stated statements on a scale from 1 to 5. The research also confirmed a significant positive association of acceptance of prejudice with all observed socio-demographic factors, so that younger Roma women, Roma women who entered into a traditional Roma marriage at a younger age before reaching adulthood, were significantly more inclined to accept such attitudes, then Roma women with a very low level of education, Roma women without completing primary school, unemployed Roma women, and Roma women who gave birth to their first child before the age of 16, as well as those Roma women who have more than 4 children in their care.

Milk containing aflatoxin M1 (ATM1) in quantities above 0.05 µg/kg is considered unsuitable for consumption. It is possible to use mycotoxin deactivators that bind aflatoxin M1 and allow the further use of milk. The study aimed to examine the impact of selected mycotoxin deactivators (beta-glucan from yeast and oats, and live and dead lactic acid bacteria) on the nutritional composition of milk after binding to aflatoxin M1 intentionally added to milk. The study used consumption milk with 2.8% milk fat intentionally contaminated with aflatoxin M1. Furthermore, 0.05% and 0.1% solutions of beta-glucan from yeast and beta-glucan from oats were added to the contaminated milk, as well as live and dead lactic acid. Concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Ca were monitored at the zero hour of binding of mycotoxin deactivators and ATM1, after 2 h of binding, and after 4 and 24 h of binding. The largest deviations were found in Na, K, and Mg, while the minimum changes were observed in Ca. Live lactic acid bacteria were found to have the least impact on micronutrients, except in Na (difference = 40, p = 0.029, GES = 0.083), where the 0.1% solution from oats had the least impact on micronutrient content. The results of this study suggest that it is best to use live lactic acid bacteria where the different duration of action regarding nutrients, with the possible exception of Na, is not relevant, which indicates that, when using this mycotoxin deactivator, milk contaminated with ATM1 can be further used.

Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture to protect crops from pests. In addition to protection during cultivation, they are also used after harvesting to extend the shelf life of products. Postharvest control stands out, especially when it comes to products imported from distant countries, resulting in increased concentration of pesticides and risk to human health consuming such products. In this study, analyses of pesticide residues were performed on 200 samples of fruits and vegetables. Pesticide residues were identified and quantified in 30 out of 200 samples. Study results revealed imazalil to be the most frequently detected pesticide. Risk assessment was performed on the obtained results, and it was carried out separately for adults and for children under 6 years of age. Imazalil showed the highest ARfD percentage for adults (max% ARfD 251%), and these values were especially high on risk assessment for children, where they amounted up to max% ARfD 1087%. The study of imazalil impact was performed on 16 Swiss albino mice divided into two groups and 4 subgroups. Experimental group animals were treated with the corresponding NOAEL dose of imazalil (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Body weight was measured before each pesticide application on a digital electronic Sartorius scale. Peripheral blood analysis was performed after 28-day animal exposure to pesticides. Animals were anesthetized, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, and red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined by standard hematological methods. The organs for determination of imazalil concentration were extracted immediately upon animal sacrifice and stored in a freezer at -80°C until analysis. Results show difference in gain weight, and an increase in WBC count was recorded in the experimental group as compared with a control group of animals. The highest imazalil levels were recorded in adipose tissue (45.2‰) which proves tendency to accumulate.

Cilj: Cilj rada je utvrditi specifičnosti i stvarne potrebe, kao i mogućnosti za unaprjeđenje skrbi za starije osobe na području Grada Rijeke, oslanjajući se prvenstveno na javnozdravstvene i bioetičke aspekte. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su podijeljeni u tri skupine: osobe starije životne dobi te formalni i neformalni pružatelji skrbi s područja Grada Rijeke. U svakoj skupini provedena je kvalitativna metoda fokus-grupe prema unaprijed određenom protokolu. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2015. godine, a obuhvatilo je ukupno 40 ispitanika: osobe starije životne dobi (N = 12), formalni pružatelji skrbi (N = 14) i neformalni pružatelji skrbi (N = 14). Rezultati: Dobiveni rezultati prikazani su u objedinjenim kategorijama za odgovarajuće tematske cjeline: percepcija starije dobi, očekivanja i potrebe, korištenje lijekova, organizacija zdravstvene skrbi, korištenje modernih tehnologija te unaprjeđenje zdravlja. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji potreba razvijanja infrastrukture i metoda samopomoći u zajednici s ciljem unaprjeđenja kvalitete života osoba starije životne dobi i produljenja samostalnosti. Zaključci: Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu integracije zdravstvene i socijalne skrbi uz podršku lokalne zajednice Grada Rijeke s posljedičnim smanjenjem troškova skrbi i unaprjeđenjem kvalitete života i produljenja samostalnosti osoba starije životne dobi., Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the specificities and real needs as well as the possibilities for care improvement of elderly in the City of Rijeka primarily through public health and bioethics perspectives. Subjects and methods: The examinees were divided into three groups: elderly, and formal and informal caregivers from the City of Rijeka. In each group, a qualitative focus group method was performed according to a predetermined protocol. The study was conducted during 2015 and included a total number of 40 examinees: elderly (N = 12), formal caregivers (N = 14) and informal caregivers (N = 14). RESULTS: Study results are shown in integrated categories for particular thematic issues: perception of ageing, expectation and needs, usage of medicines, organization of health care, usage of modern technologies, and health promotion. Results have shown that there is a need for further development of infrastructure self-management methods in community in order to improve the quality of life and prolongation of independence of the elderly. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for integration of health and social care with the support of local community of the City of Rijeka with consequent reduction of care costs and the improvement of the quality of life and extended independence of the elderly.

Contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is related to the feed for milking cows, which is contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Feed AFB1 converts to AFM1 by dehydrogenation. In this study, we used Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk and its products and commercial or laboratory-made beta-glucan isolated from yeast and oats to establish how these mycotoxin binders affect the quality of sterilised, long-life, 2.8% fat milk contaminated with 0.05 mg/L of AFM1. We took the content of fats, carbohydrates, sugars (lactose), and proteins, and the calculated energy values for quality parameters. The mean energy value of the milk treated with AFM1 binders ranged between 85.7% and 101.5% of the control, untreated milk, whereas the fat content ranged between 65.3% and 100.7%. The protein content ranged between 64.4% and 101.1%, carbohydrates between 83.1% and 103%, and lactose between 76.3% and 100.8%. The results indicated a good possibility of binding of AFM1 with Lactobacilus plantarum bacteria, and 0.01% of β-glucan from oats was 0.005% of β-glucan isolated from yeast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20. These findings suggest that milk treated with these binders can be processed further and that its treatment significantly reduces the risk of exposure through diet and the related economic damage.

Žitarice predstavljaju najrasprostranjeniju i najvažniju kulturu za prehranu ljudi. Važne su i kao sirovina u prehrambenoj industriji te čine osnovu piramide prehrane. Mlinski proizvodi također predstavljaju osnovne prehrambene proizvode. Glavni su mlinski proizvodi prekrupa, krupica i brašno. Magnezij je mineral koji je iznimno važan element u ljudskom organizmu. Zauzima četvrto mjesto po zastupljenosti kationa u organizmu te je drugi najčešći u stanicama. Ima važnu ulogu za katalitičku aktivnost više od 300 enzima u enzimatskim sustavima. Najvažniji je za pravilan rad srca te kao regulator fosfora i kalcija u kostima. Cilj je ovog rada utvrditi količinu magnezija u odabranim žitaricama i mlinskim proizvodima te prikazati zdravstvenu dobrobit magnezija. Tijekom analize sastava žitarica i mlinskih proizvoda analizirano je sveukupno 28 uzoraka. Od toga je bilo pet uzoraka kukuruza u zrnu, sedam uzoraka pšenice, 11 uzoraka pšeničnog brašna, brašno od integralne heljde bez glutena, zobena kaša, prosena kaša, kaša zobi, ječma i pira te kaša riže, kukuruza i heljde. Analiza je provedena na Nastavnom zavodu za javno zdravstvo „Dr. Andrija Štampar”. Magnezij je nakon digestije s nitratnom kiselinom i vodikovim peroksidom u mikrovalnoj pećnici određen induktivno spregnutom plazmom s masenom spektrometrijom (ICP-MS). Količine magnezija u žitaricama iznosile su od 81,92 mg / 100 g do 145,21 mg / 100 g za pšenicu te od 111,68 mg / 100 g do 145,21 mg / 100 g za kukuruz. Prosječna vrijednost magnezija iznosila je 105,81 mg / 100 g za uzorke pšenice te 133,72 mg / 100 g za uzorke kukuruza u zrnu. Količina magnezija utvrđena u pšeničnom brašnu kretala se u rasponu od 23,17 mg / 100 g do 60,41 mg / 100 g, dok je srednja vrijednost magnezija iznosila 34,56 mg / 100 g. Količina magnezija u brašnu od integralne heljde bez glutena iznosila je 226,32 mg / 100 g. Utvrđena količina magnezija u zobenoj kaši, prosenoj kaši, kaši zobi, ječma i pira te kaši riže, kukuruza i heljde kretala se u rasponu od 76,77 mg / 100 g do 153,61 mg / 100 g. Srednja vrijednost magnezija za uzorke kaše iznosila je 122,98 mg / 100 g., Cereals represent the most prevailing and important culture for human consumption. They are also important as a raw material in the food industry and form the basis of the food pyramid. Milled products also represent basic food products. The main milled products are groats, semolina and flour. Magnesium is a mineral that is an extremely important element in the human body. It ranks fourth in the representation of cations in the body and is the second most common in cells. It plays an important role for the catalytic activity of more than 300 enzymes in the enzymatic systems. It is most important for proper heart function and as a regulator of phosphorus and calcium in the bones. The aim of this paper is to determine the amount of magnesium in selected cereals and milled products and to present the health benefits of magnesium. A total of twenty eight samples were analysed during the analysis of the composition of cereals and milled products. Of these, there were 5 samples of corn beans, 7 wheat samples, 11 samples of wheat flour, gluten-free whole buckwheat flour, oatmeal, millet porridge, porridge oats, barley and spelt, and rice, corn and buckwheat mash. The analysis was carried out at the Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health. After microwave digestion with nitrate acid and hydrogen peroxide, magnesium was determined by inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The amounts of magnesium in cereals ranged from 81.92 mg/100 g to 145.21 mg/100 g for wheat, and from 111.68 mg/100 g to 145.21 mg/100 g for corn. The average magnesium value was 105.81 mg/100 g for wheat samples and 133.72 mg/100 g for grain corn samples. The amount of magnesium found in wheat flour ranged from 23.17 mg/100 g to 60.41 mg/100 g, while the mean magnesium value was 34.56 mg/100 g. The amount of magnesium in the flour from gluten-free wholegrain buckwheat was 226.32 mg/100 g. The determined amount of magnesium in oatmeal, millet porridge, porridge oats, barley and spelt and porridges of rice, corn and buckwheat ranged from 76.77 mg/100 g to 153.61 mg/100 g. The mean magnesium value for porridge samples was 122.98 mg/100 g.

Contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is related to the feed for milking cows, which is contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Feed AFB1 converts to AFM1 by dehydrogenation. In this study, we used Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw milk and its products and commercial or laboratory-made beta-glucan isolated from yeast and oats to establish how these mycotoxin binders affect the quality of sterilised, long-life, 2.8% fat milk contaminated with 0.05 mg/L of AFM1. We took the content of fats, carbohydrates, sugars (lactose), and proteins, and the calculated energy values for quality parameters. The mean energy value of the milk treated with AFM1 binders ranged between 85.7% and 101.5% of the control, untreated milk, whereas the fat content ranged between 65.3% and 100.7%. The protein content ranged between 64.4% and 101.1%, carbohydrates between 83.1% and 103%, and lactose between 76.3% and 100.8%. The results indicated a good possibility of binding of AFM1 with Lactobacilus plantarum bacteria, and 0.01% of β-glucan from oats was 0.005% of β-glucan isolated from yeast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20. These findings suggest that milk treated with these binders can be processed further and that its treatment significantly reduces the risk of exposure through diet and the related economic damage.

Bees (Apis mellifera) are the main pollinators of many plants and play a key role in agriculture. Although bees are not targeted organisms in the use of protective agents in the field, unfortunately they are heavily influenced by pesticides. The objectives of this study were to determine the species and concentration of pesticides in bees, and whether there were differences in levels of insecticides and fungicides. In total, 40 samples from 4 regions of Varazdin County were analysed, as well as two control samples from the Sisak-Moslavina County (Lonjsko Polje) and Karlovac County (Bosiljevo). Each of the samples was analysed on 78 active substances using gas chromatography with GC-MS mass spectrometry and highly effective liquid chromatography HPLC technique. The samples were prepared using the modified Quechers method EN 15662:2018. Fifteen different active pesticide substances were identified and quantified in 40 samples. The mass content of pesticides in bee samples was 0.035–295 μg/bees. The results obtained and the identified differences in fungicide levels related to the location distribution in bee samples indicate a significant difference in fungicide levels in bee samples (P=0.039), while there is no statistically significant difference in the analysed levels of insecticide. The pesticide residues were not identified in the control samples. This work contributes significantly to environmental protection by pointing out that honey bees are an excellent bioindicator, and that they can be used to investigate environmental pollution with pesticides.

Cilj rada bio je dokazati transfer ostataka pesticida s kore na pulpu ako se dokaže njihova prisutnost na kori naranče. U tu svrhu u radu je analizirano 48 uzoraka naranči iz uvoza i domaćeg porijekla u kojima su analize bile usmjerene na detekciju 88 aktivnih tvari. Rezultati su pokazali da su bile potvrđene četiri aktivne tvari: imazalil, klorpirifos, tiabendazol i bifentrin, pri čemu je transfer aktivnih tvari dokazan na 11 uzoraka te se kretao u rasponu od 20 % do 30 %., The aim of this paper was to prove the transfer of pesticide residues from the peel to the orange pulp if the presence of the pesticides is proven on the peel. For this purpose, the paper analy zed 48 samples of imported oranges and oranges of domestic origin in which the analyzes were focused on the detection of 88 active substances. The results confirmed the presence of 4 active substances: imazalil, chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole and bifenthrin, where the transfer of active substances was proven on 11 samples, and ranged from 20% to 30%.

Assuming a two-way relationship between climate change and tourism, it is very important to know the beliefs and attitudes of tourist managers. Research of beliefs and attitudes of tourist managers is a key problem of this research. Beliefs and attitudes of tourist managers are affected by different factors such as: sociodemographic characteristics, especially gender; level of education; length of service in the tourism sector; membership in ecological ngos; and beliefs and attitudes about climate change. To investigate managers’ opinions, the authors created a survey which focused on all managers who manage categorized facilities by type in the Republic of Croatia. The results have shown significant differences in the beliefs and attitudes about the interinfluence of climate change and tourist accommodation. Managers who are female, who have completed tertiary education, who are members of ecological ngos and who consider themselves activists, and those who have more years of work experience, showed stronger pro-environmental attitudes and higher levels of ecological awareness. Keywords: attitudes, beliefs, climate change, management, tourism, destinations

Zdravstveni turizam kompleksan je turistički proizvod koji obuhvaća velik broj specijaliziranih sadržaja i uslu­ga na putovanjima motiviranim potrebom za unapređe­njem zdravlja i poboljšanjem kvalitete života. Wellness­turizam kao njegova sastavnica, a posebice medicinski wellness, organizirano je provođenje zdravstveno-pre­ventivnih i kurativnih programa u svrhu prevencije bolesti te očuvanja i unaprjeđenja zdravlja, čije usluge utječu na raznolikost ukupnoga turističkog proizvoda, a time i na bolju prepoznatljivost turističke destinacije na sve zahtjevnijem tržištu. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti očekivanja i percepcija korisnika usluga primjenom modificiranoga modela SERVQUAL. Istraživanje je provedeno u Thalasso Wellness Centru Opatija na slučajnom uzorku od 87 ispitanika, a priku­pljeni podaci analizirani su primjenom metoda deskrip-Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su empirijsku pretpo­stavku o adekvatnosti primjene modela SERVQUAL za mjerenje kvalitete usluga wellnessa, jer je dobiven ja­san prikaz ukupne kvalitete usluga wellnessa. Rezultati su nedvosmisleno ukazali na postojanje jaza između percepcija i očekivanja korisnika. S obzirom na to da su najviše prosječne ocjene za percepciju dobi­le dimenzije opipljivost i pouzdanost kvalitete usluga wellnessa, a najniže osjećajnost ili empatija, u tim je di­menzijama i utvrđen i najveći jaz. Rezultati empirijskoga istraživanja mogu poslužiti me­nadžmentu ustanove kao poticaj za opravdanost kon­tinuiranoga provođenja istraživanja kvalitete usluga wellnessa, zadovoljstva korisnika usluga wellnessa i radnoga zadovoljstva osoblja wellness-centra primje­nom i drugih metoda i modela., Health tourism is a complex tourism product that involves a great number of specialized facilities and services for travel motivated by the need to improve health and increase the quality of life. Wellness tourism as one of its components, and especially medical tourism, is an organized implementation of preventive healthcare and curative programs with the purpose to prevent disease, preserve and improve health, the service quality of which affect the diversity of the overall tourism product, and thus the better recognizability of the destination in an increasingly demanding market. The aim of the paper is to analyze expectations and perception of service customers were researched by the use of the modified SERVQUAL model. The study was conducted at the Thalasso Wellness Centre in Opatija on a random sample of 87 respondents and analyse with method of descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis. The study results confirmed the empirical assumption of the adequacy of using the SERVQUAL model for measuring the quality of wellness services since a clear picture of the overall quality of wellness services was obtained. The results unambiguously point to the existence of a gap between the perception and expectations of customers. Given that the highest average perception ratings went to tangible and reliable dimensions, and the lowest average ratings to compassion or empathy dimensions, the largest gap was also established in these dimensions. The results of the empirical research can serve the management of the institution as an incentive for justifying the continuous research of wellness service quality, the satisfaction of wellness service users and job satisfaction of the wellness centre staff, by using other methods and models as well.

Mikotoksini su sekundarni produkti plijesni i vrlo česti kontaminanti hrane. Najčešće su njima kontaminirane žitarice, ali istraživanja ukazuju na to da i druge vrste namirnica mogu biti kontaminirane mikotoksinima. Vino je namirnica koja je najčešće kontaminirana ohratoksinom A (OTA), koji nastaje kao produkt plijesni nastale na grožđu ili kasnije tijekom njegove prerade, a kao i većina drugih mikotoksina, štetno utječe na zdravlje ljudi i životinja, te se njihova prisutnost u hrani redovito provjerava. U ovome radu analizirali smo bijela i crna vina iz podregije koprivničko-đurđevačkog vinogorja na prisutnost ohratoksina A kojeg sintetiziraju plijesni iz skupine Aspergillus ochraceus i Penicillium viridicatum. Kao članica Europske Unije, Hrvatska je prihvatila Uredbu 1881/2006 o utvrđivanju najvećih dopuštenih količina određenih kontaminanata u hrani koja jednoznačno utvrđuje najviše dopuštene koncentracije ohratoksina A u određenim vrstama hrane, uključujući i vino. Ukupno je analizirano 34 uzorka vina, 19 bijelih vina i 15 uzoraka crnih vina. Vrijednosti OTA kretale su se u rasponu od 0, 269 do 1, 696 g/L za bijelo vino i od 0, 254 do 0, 565 g/L za crno vino. Nakon izolacije, kvantifikacija ohratoksina A iz vina provedena je imunoenzimskom tehnikom ELISA. Sve dobivene vrijednosti ohratoksina A u analiziranim uzorcima vina niže su od najveće dozvoljene količine koja iznosi 2 g/L, te su ocijenjena sukladnim i prihvatljivim za konzumaciju. Obzirom na dobivene rezultate može se zaključiti da je evidentna prisutnost ohratoksina A u vinima, te je neophodno kontinuirao pratiti njegove vrijednosti u vinima na tržištu, a sve u svrhu zaštite zdravlja potrošača

Turizam je jedna od najbrže rastućih globalnih gospodarskih aktivnosti te ima važnu ulogu u nacionalnim i lokalnim gospodarstvima. Globalne klimatske promjene, kao i održivi razvoj kroz društveno i ekološki odgovorno poslovanje u turizmu aktualno je područje istraživanja tek manjeg broja znanstvenika diljem svijeta. Nedostatak šireg interesa izostaje iako je ekspertna grupa okupljena oko Međunarodnog panela za klimatske promjene (IPCC) još sredinom drugog desetljeća 20. stoljeća potvrdila „s gotovo punom sigurnošću da ljudske djelatnosti dominantno uzrokuju globalno zatopljenje, koje dovodi do višestrukih manifestacija klimatskih promjena” te tako klimatske promjene prestaju biti tek predmet akademskog istraživanja, već su u ovom trenutku, uvažavajući i sve druge ekološke probleme, postale najveći izazov i prijetnja opstanku ljudske civilizacije, s brojnim posljedicama i vrlo širokim utjecajem na gotovo sve aspekte ljudskoga života, pri čemu nedvojbeno utječu i ekonomiju, socijalne aspekte i odnose u društvu, a tek jednim dijelom, iako vrlo važnim, i na turizam kao gospodarsku granu. Između turizma i klimatskih promjena postoji dvosmjerna međusobna veza. S jedne strane turizam uvelike ovisi o klimatskim elementima, na primjer temperaturi, padalinama i satima insolacije u danu, odnosno o klimi u cjelini kao važnom čimbeniku, a s druge strane turizam u cjelini, a posebice transport povezan s dolascima turista na destinacije i njihovim odlascima te turistički smještaj per se znatno pridonose globalnom zatopljenju kroz emisije stakleničkih plinova i znatni ugljikov otisak turističke djelatnosti. S obzirom na to da posljedice klimatskih promjena dovode, između ostalog, do povećanog rizika od poplava i suša, topljenja ledenjaka, povećanja razine mora, gubitka bioraznolikosti, raznih prijetnji ljudskom zdravlju, promjena odnosa u socijalnoj sferi, kao i s obzirom na to da nanose znatne štete svim ekonomskim djelatnostima, a istodobno uvažavajući iznimno visok doprinos turizma ukupnom bruto domaćem proizvodu nacionalnih ekonomija, svaki utjecaj klimatskih promjena na turizam može imati vrlo važne ekonomske i razvojne implikacije, posebice u Hrvatskoj, u kojoj turizam čini okosnicu gospodarstva. Ulažu se veliki napori na globalnoj i nacionalnoj razini u cilju ublažavanja posljedica klimatskih promjena te planiranju i poduzimanju mjera za sprječavanje daljnjih negativnih posljedica koje bi u budućnosti mogle biti nepopravljive. Ublažavanje međuutjecaja turizma i klimatskih promjena samo naizgled ovisi ponajprije o tehnološkim promjenama, već znatno ovisi i o ekonomskim, političkim, socijalnim i strukturnim promjenama., Tourism is one of the fastest growing global economic activities and plays a significant role in national and local economies. Global climate change, as well as sustainable development through socially and environmentally responsible tourism business, is a current field of research for only a small number of scientists worldwide. There is a lack of broader interest, although an expert group gathered around the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the mid-1990s of the 20th century confirmed “with almost complete certainty that human activities are the dominant cause of global warming, leading to multiple manifestations of climate change.” In this way, climate change is no longer the subject of academic research only, but taking into account all other environmental problems, climate change has currently become the greatest challenge and threat to the survival of human civilization, with numerous consequences and a very wide impact on almost all aspects of human life. Climate change undoubtedly also affects the economy, social aspects and relationships in society, and only partly, though very importantly, tourism as an economic branch. There is a two-way relationship between tourism and climate change. On the one hand, tourism largely depends on climate elements such as temperature, precipitation and hours of insolation in the day, that is, on the climate as a whole as an important factor. On the other hand, tourism as a whole, especially transport related to tourist arrivals and departures and tourist accommodation per se, contribute significantly to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions and a significant carbon footprint of tourism. The effects of climate change lead, among other things, to increased risk of floods and droughts, melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, loss of biodiversity, various threats to human health, changing relationships in the social sphere, as well as causing significant damage to all economic activities. Given the extremely high contribution of tourism to the overall gross domestic product of national economies at the same time, any impact of climate change on tourism can have very important economic and development implications. This is very important in Croatia, where tourism forms the backbone of the economy. Great efforts are being made globally and nationally to mitigate the effects of climate change and to plan and take measures to prevent further adverse effects that may be irreversible in the future. Mitigating the interplay of tourism and climate change only seems to depend primarily on technological change, but above all it also significantly depends on economic, political, social and structural change.

Profound knowledge about the beliefs and attitudes of tourism managers about the two-way relationship between tourism and climate change might be important in order to anticipate, plan and direct the use of mitigation measures and the prevention of negative impacts of climate change on the tourist accommodation industry and vice versa. This paper presents differences between managers' attitudes and beliefs about interrelation between climate change and tourism in the light of managers’ level of responsibility in the managerial hierarchy in tourist accommodation facilities. For that purpose, an originally designed questionnaire was distributed to1084 tourist accommodation facilities, representing the total population of all categorized accomodation facilities in Croatia by type (hotels and aparthotels, tourist resorts and tourist apartments, camps, and marinas) covered by the national list of categorized facilities. Out of the total number of submitted questionnaires, 283 questionnaires were duly completed, representing 26.1% of respondents, including 4.60% of the members of Executive management board or Supervisory board, 46.65% of directors/heads of the facility including members of the Operational management, 19% Quality and environmental managers and 33.56% members of Middle level management staff. Significant differences in beliefs and attitudes were demonstrated between almost all categories of managers at different levels of management, in all three components of attitude, with a p value

Uvod. Koncept kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga istražuje se već više od dva desetljeća, ali u znanstvenoj i stručnoj praksi u RH još uvijek postoji mali broj radova u kojima se istražuje i mjeri razina zadovoljstva korisnika zdravstvenih usluga. Ciljevi rada su bili definirati koncepte kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga, istražiti modele i metode za mjerenje kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga, analizirati dosadašnja istraživanja kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga stranih i domaćih autora s naglaskom na istraživanja unutar zdravstvenog sustava, istražiti dosadašnja istraživanja i mjerenja kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga te primjenjivost modela SERVQUAL kao najčešće upotrebljavanog modela za mjerenje kvalitete usluga. Metode. Primijenjen je konceptualni pristup istraživanju u kojemu su koncept kvalitete usluga s naglaskom na koncept kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga i zadovoljstva korisnika obrađeni i izneseni usustavljeno s teorijskog stajališta, pri čemu su upotrijebljeni sekundarni izvori podataka. Rezultati. Rad donosi sustavni pregled temeljnih koncepata kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga, kao i modela mjerenja kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga s naglaskom na primjenjivost modela SERVQUAL. Zaključak. Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrdili su da je koncept zdravstvenih usluga višedimenzionalan te je još jednom potvrđeno da je uz primjenu modela SERVQUAL moguće na jednostavan i učinkovit način saznati očekivanja, potrebe i želje korisnika zdravstvenih ustanova, kao i njihove stavove o dobivenim uslugama, a zatim ih iskoristiti u svrhu kreiranja kvalitetne ponude.

MEDQUAL scale aims to measure the quality of healthcare provided by medical staff of one hospital department instead of the overall quality of hospital services or parts of services to which medical staff in one department has no influence on because they are previously determined by other factors (architecture of the buildings, services of other departments, maintenance, parking, food and etc.). Applying MEDQUAL scale for evaluating quality of healthcare on regular basis as an initial and monitoring method and comparing those results after suggested corrections are made, can ultimately lead to detecting and resolving potential problems in the beginning of providing healthcare service and improved satisfaction for both recipients as well as providers of healthcare services. Methods. The study was conducted in one department in one clinical hospital in Croatia. The study included 300 respondents (n = 169 patients, medical staff n = 131). Results. The study designed and tested MEDQUAL scale, which has high reliability on all the established dimensions: trust in doctors (C. alpha 0.923), professionalism of nurses (0, 913), professionalism of doctors (0, 938) and the organization of department (0, 810). Conclusion. The ability of the proposed scale is reflected in the possibility of evaluation of patient’s satisfaction with quality of received healthcare and evaluation of medical staff’s satisfaction with quality of healthcare provided at the same moment in time. The results gained are comparable to groups of people, departments, and institutions with potential longitudinal study of this phenomenon. MEDQUAL scale is simple, applicable to almost all departments, repeatable, cost- effective scale for measuring quality of provided as well as received healthcare service, which also takes place not just in assessing the quality of healthcare service but as well in its improvement.

There is something horrible about throwing food in the bin. Based on existing literature, 30-50 percent (i.e. 1.2-2 billion tons) of the produced food never reaches anyone’s plate. Global food production can be split into production losses, consumers’ waste and consumption. In a world where 850 million people are undernourished, global food supply per person approximates to 570 kg: roughly, 380 kg is consumed, 140 kg is lost in the production and 50 kg is wasted by consumers. Households generate 53% of the total food waste in Europe, the processing industry 19%, food services 12%, the primary production sector 11%, and the retail/wholesale sector 5%. The European hospitality industry is a small food waster that generates only 12% of the total food waste in Europe. Wasted food is accountable for 3.3 GtCO2e. The average carbon footprint of food wastage is about 500 kg of CO2 equivalents per person per year. The blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250 km3. 1.4 billion Ha of land – 28% of the world’s agricultural area – is used annually to produce food that is either lost or wasted. The food which is not eaten contributes to the loss of biodiversity through habitat change, overexploitation, pollution and climate changes. Prompted in part by global food production inefficiency, 9.7 million hectares are deforested annually to grow food – 74% of the total annual deforestation. The scale of global food wastage is shocking, and this wasted food results in a number of ethically questionable implications. Pope Francis rightfully points out that from the moral standpoint prodigal expenditure and wasting of food is no better than stealing from the hungry and poor. From the ecological standpoint, it is no better than stealing from our own children. But moralizing, identifying problems, knowledge and information distribution, and suggesting solutions surely will not convince people to implement offered solutions. The world needs progressive politics for a fairer world to achieve more equitable distribution of wealth. Tourism and the whole hospitality industry can and must play an important role in raising awareness of the value of food. The entire touristic sector can promote changes in food management and consumption with very positive environmental and economic results.

Obesity in elderly people with type 2 diabetes is a public health problem and preventing it is an important outcome of the rehabilitation process. The objectives of the paper were to determine whether there are differences in the BMI result of elderly persons in the Republic of Croatia who are beneficiaries of institutional care compared to those who live independently in their own living space and examine the degree of quality of life and satisfaction with health of elderly people in the examined groups. The study included 200 elderly participants. The study group included elderly people with type 2 diabetes and elderly non-diabetic people who are users of institutional care and those who live independently. The study used BMI, and two items from the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Self- assessment of quality of life positively correlates with self-assessment of their health regardless of whether they are institutional care users or are living independently in their own living space. On the total sample, the BMI index Mean=26.69, the value of which is related to increased risk for cardiovascular disease, regardless of whether elderly people are users of nursing homes or live independently. Elderly persons without diabetes had a significantly lower BMI compared with participants who have type 2 diabetes. The results of this study point to the importance of developing a training program in this population with the goal of preventing excessive weight.

In Croatia there is a wide range of CAM therapies outside of the conventional, allopathic medicine and their usage has been exponentially increasing over the previous decades. However, there are only few, if any, relevant national surveys about the attitudes and beliefs of health care professionals about CAM in Croatia. AIM: The basic objective of the research was to identify the attitudes and beliefs about CAM among nurses, physiotherapists and sanitary engineers that were enrolled at the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb, Croatia. SAMPLE AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a sample of 569 participants, representing approximately one fifth of the total number of students enrolled in the academic year 2017/2018. RESULTS: As many as 52.5 % of the participants think that clinical medicine should integrate the best of CAM and classical medicine. The majority of the participants (76.6%) support the idea that there should be evidence of the use of CAM therapy in medical records, and 81.9% of health professionals think that the patient should inform his medical team about the use of CAM therapy. There are a number of reasons why people use CAM therapies but for the 4/5 of them (79.9%) the main reason is that patients seek help in CAM because they have confidence that CAM will help where classical medicine can no longer help. Furthermore, 82.0% of the participants support the statement that in the stages of illness patients are grasping for every hope regardless of the lack of evidence of effectiveness. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that in spite of the fact that most CAM methods have not been scientifically researched or clinically tested and even more that many studies in CAM therapies have flaws, participants have shown very high positive attitudes toward CAM, as well as positive expectations and hopes regarding the inclusion of CAM into conventional medicine under supervision and controlled through medical records.

The prevalence of the non-performance of physical activity in the 21st century has reached pandemic proportions in all age groups, including elderly people. This study aimed to determine the level of physical activity of elderly people with type 2 diabetes who are users of institutional care in the Republic of Croatia compared to those who do not have diabetes and live independently in a residential area. The study comprised 200 elderly participants who can participate in physical activity independently or with assistance. The study group included elderly people with type 2 diabetes and elderly non- diabetic people who are users of institutional care and those who live alone. The study used the PASE questionnaire for assessing the level of physical activity. Most elderly people are equally often involved in seated activities, whether they are living in a nursing home or independently. People with type 2 diabetes have low levels of assessed physical activity regardless of whether they are users of institutional care or are living independently in a residential area. Elderly people who are beneficiaries of institutional care score significantly lower results on the PASE questionnaire compared to those living alone. There was a positive correlation between physical activity and the assessment of the quality of life and health satisfaction in all study groups. The results obtained through this research enable the creation of targeted interventions related to the participation of elderly people in physical activity.

Uvod: Kvaliteta usluga u zdravstvu sve je češće predmet različitih istraživanja. Posebno mjesto u takvim istraživanjima zauzima mjerenje kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga, pri čemu važnu ulogu ima određivanje načina na koji ih percipiraju korisnici. Cilj i metode: Primjenom prilagođenoga modela SERVQUAL u ovom radu istražena su očekivanja i percepcija 178 korisnika zdravstvenih usluga u Specijalnoj bolnici za medicinsku rehabilitaciju bolesti srca, pluća i reumatizma Thalassotherapia Opatija. Rezultati: Dimenzije su koje su mjerene ovim istraživanjem: opipljivost, pouzdanost, sigurnost, razumijevanje i odgovornost. Rezultati provedenoga empirijskog istraživanja potvrdili su prikladnost modela SERVQUAL za mjerenje kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga. Utvrđeno je da postoji znatan jaz između percepcija i očekivanja korisnika usluga. Jaz je bio najveći pri ocjeni opipljivosti, tj. fizičkih elemenata pružanja usluga, dok je najmanji jaz kod razumijevanja (–0,11) i sigurnosti (–0,13) te odgovornosti (–0,17), što znači da su korisnici, iako je jaz negativan, ipak dobili očekivanu uslugu. Ispitanici su bili zadovoljni ukupno primljenim uslugama (6,65/7) i boravkom te imaju povjerenje u ustanovu uz ocjenu da je zdravstvena usluga premašila očekivanja (6,28/7). Skloni su ustanovu preporučiti drugima (prosječna ocjena tvrdnje 6,65), a i sami se ponovno koristiti njezinim uslugama (6,74/7). Očekivanja, ali i percepcije, ovise i o spolu, dobi i obrazovanju. Žene imaju veća očekivanja od muškaraca, ali i bolje percipiraju kvalitetu dobivene usluge. Stariji korisnici dobivenu uslugu percipiraju kvalitetnijom od mlađih korisnika. Korisnici s višom razinom obrazovanja statistički značajnije, u odnosu na ostale ispitanike, očekuju da osoblje nađe vremena odgovoriti na njihova pitanja i da razumije njihove specifične potrebe te očekuju točnost u vremenu pružanja usluge. Kada je u pitanju percipirana kvaliteta usluga, statistički značajna razlika ne postoji s obzirom na vrstu korištene medicinske usluge pa se može zaključiti da je ocjena kvalitete usluga Thalassotherapije Opatija slična, bez obzira na vrstu usluge kojom su se ispitanici koristili u ustanovi. Zaključak: Istraživanje je potvrdilo da je koncept kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga višedimenzionalan te da je uz primjenu modela SERVQUAL moguće na jednostavan i učinkovit način saznati očekivanja, potrebe i želje korisnika zdravstvenih ustanova, kao i njihove stavove o dobivenim uslugama, a zatim ih iskoristiti u svrhu kreiranja kvalitetne ponude., Introduction: The quality of health care services is increasingly becoming the subject of different studies. A special place in such studies is taken by the measurement of the quality of health services, and by defining their perception from the users’ perspective. Objective and methods: By applying an adjusted SERVQUAL model, the expectations and perceptions of 178 health service users in Thalassotherapy Opatija were investigated. Results: Suitability of the SERVQUAL model for measuring the quality of health services has been verified. It has been found out that there is a significant gap between perception and expectation of service users. The highest gap was recorded when evaluating tangibility, i.e. physical elements of service delivery, while the lowest level was recorded when evaluating understanding (-0.11), security (-0.13) and responsibility (-0.17), which still means that the users have nevertheless received the expected service. They were satisfied with the total number of services received (6.65) and their stay as well, and it was also found out that they have confidence in the institution. On the other hand the health care services exceeded the expectations (6.28). The users tend to recommend the institution to others (6.65) and to use its services by themselves again (6.74). The results showed that female users have higher expectations than males, and that they have a better perception of the quality of provided services. The older users have better perception of provided services than the younger ones. When compared to the others, the users with a higher level of education show in terms of statistics higher expectations - they expect the staff to take some time to answer their questions, to understand their specific needs, and they also expect accuracy in service delivery. When it comes to perceived quality of service, there is no statistically significant difference with regard to the type of medical service used, so a conclusion can be made that the quality evaluation of the services provided by Thalassotherapy Opatija is similar, regardless the type of services used. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the concept of the quality of health services is multidimensional and that the application of the SERVQUAL model makes possible to identify the users’ expectations, needs and wants efficiently, as well as their attitudes towards the services obtained and then consequently to use them in order to create a quality offer.

Pojavnost simptoma kroničnog umora kod onkoloških bolesnika značajan je čimbenik u procjeni kvalitete života, a javlja se tijekom i nakon provođenja specifičnog onkološkog liječenja. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati pojavnost simptoma umora boli i poremećaja sna kod osoba s malignim oboljenjem u odnosu na uključenost u rehabilitacijski proces i sportsku aktivnost. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 129 osoba s malignim bolestima. Upotrijebili smo upitnik EORTC QLQ-C30 verzije 3.0 za samoprocjenu kvalitete života koji u subskalama ispituje pojavnost simptoma umora boli i poremećaja sna. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da osobe s malignim oboljenjem koji su aktivni sudionici rehabilitacijskog procesa, te aktivni u sportu, procjenjuju značajno manji umor u usporedbi s onima koji se ne bave sportom. Edukacija, aktivno sudjelovanje osobe s malignim oboljenjem u rehabilitacijskom procesu, uz strogo individualiziran pristup kod uključivanja onkoloških bolesnika u tjelesnu aktivnost, najvažnije su strategije u borbi protiv simptoma umora., The incidence of symptoms of chronic fatigue in cancer patients (cancer-related fatigue, CRF) is a significant factor in the assessment of quality of life, and occurs during and after the implementation of oncological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of symptoms of fatigue, pain and sleep disorders in patients with a malignant disease in relation to the involvement in the rehabilitation process and sport activity. The study included 129 people with malignant diseases. We used the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire version 3.0 for self-assessment of quality of life that in subscales examine fatigue, pain and sleeping disorder. Research results confirm that people with malignant diseases who are active participants in the rehabilitation process and active in sports estimate a significantly lower fatigue than those who are not involved in sports. Education, active participation of people with malignant diseases in a rehabilitation process with a strictly individualized approach to inclusion of oncology patients in physical activity are the most important strategies in the battle against the symptoms of fatigue.

INTRODUCTION: Over the last few decades an increasing number of surveys have been published on the effectiveness of CAM therapies. But papers are rarely focused on the attitudes and beliefs about CAM efficacy or identifying reasons why certain techniques have been used. In Croatian scientific literature there are just few published papers about attitudes/beliefs about CAM among Croatian healthcare professionals. Without any attempt to advocate for one or the other side, this survey wants to open a dialog between both sides through understanding the attitudes and beliefs of health professionals about the reasons for using CAM and perception of (non)efficacy of most commonly used methods and techniques. AIM: Aim of the survey was to focus on the attitudes and beliefs about CAM among nurses, physiotherapists and sanitary engineers as healthcare workers through investigating their confidence in CAM therapy in toto, as well as in particular methods and techniques, and the attitudes and beliefs about the reasons to use CAM. METHODS: The study was conducted on a sample of 569 participants (173 nurses, 312 physiotherapists and 84 sanitary engineers) enrolled into study programs in the academic year 2017/2018. RESULTS: For most participants (38.8 %) CAM therapies include ideas and methods that classical medicine can profit from. The majority of the participants (63.8%) have pointed out that it is also very important „that patients' expectations, beliefs and values should be integrated into the health care process “, which is unfortunately rarely true in highly sophisticated, technologically superior, but alienated medicine of the 21st century. Considering that the participants are health professionals it is not surprising that to be mostly or completely effective, they have selected massage techniques (69.6%), chiropractic (47.1%), acupuncture (43.7%), yoga (41.1%) and medicinal herbs – phytotherapy (46.3%). The most optimistic finding is the positive orientation of participants (71.0%) that CAM scene in Croatia should be regulated and „CAM therapists should pass a licensing system as healthcare workers of classical medicine do “CONCLUSION: Results strongly support and favor CAM as any diagnosis, treatment or prevention that complements mainstream medicine.

Opći cilj postavljen hrvatskom Nacionalnom strategijom za uključivanje Roma jest poboljšati položaj romske nacionalne manjine u Republici Hrvatskoj smanjivanjem višedimenzionalnog jaza između romskog i ostalog stanovništva te na usklađen, otvoren i transparentan način postići potpuno uključivanje Roma u sve segmente društva i zajednice. Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je istražiti stavove pripadnika Romske populacije s područja Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije o nasilju u obitelji te istražiti vrstu i razmjere njihove izloženosti pojedinim oblicima nasilja. Pomoćni cilj bio je istražiti uvjerenja i stavove ispitanika o prošnji među djecom te uvjerenja i stavove ispitanika o povjerenju u institucije kao mjesta prijave nasilja i pružanja zaštite žrtvi u slučajevima izloženosti obiteljskom nasilju. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom anketiranja na prigodnom uzorku od 70 ispitanika koji su bili polaznici edukacijskih radionica na temu usvajanja socijalnih vještina usmjerenih na smanjenje neprihvatljivog ponašanja kod djece i mladih u organizaciji Saveza Roma „Kali Sara” na području Grubišnog Polja i Bjelovara u siječnju 2019. godine. Podaci su obrađeni standardnim programskim paketom SPSS. Rezultati su potvrdili sve tri hipoteze istraživanja, i to: da nema razlike u incidenciji izloženosti nasilju u obitelji između pripadnika romske nacionalne manjine u odnosu na sekundarne podatke o izloženosti nasilju u obitelji kod neromske populacije u RH; da žrtve nasilja iznimno rijetko prijavljuju doživljeno nasilje u obitelji, te da romska populacija nema jasno izgrađene stavove o odnosima nasilnik – žrtva i dijeli predrasude o krivnji žrtve za doživljeno nasilje., The overall goal of the Croatian National Roma Inclusion Strategy is to improve the position of the Roma national minority in the Republic of Croatia by reducing the multidimensional socio-economic gap between the Roma and the rest of the population and to achieve, in a harmonized, open and transparent way, full inclusion of Roma in all segments of the society and community. The main aim of the research was to investigate the views of the members of the Roma population from Bjelovar-Bilogora County on domestic violence and to investigate the type and extent of their exposure to certain forms of violence. The auxiliary goal was to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of respondents about child begging, and the beliefs and attitudes of respondents about their trust in the institutions as a place of reporting violence and providing the victims with protection in cases of domestic violence. The research was conducted on a convenient sample of 70 participants of workshops on the topic of adopting social skills aimed at reducing the unacceptable behavior of children and young people organized by the Association of Roma Kali Sara in Grubišno Polje and Bjelovar in January 2019. The data were processed by standard SPSS software package. The results confirmed all three hypotheses of the research: there is no difference in the incidence of domestic violence among members of the Roma minority in relation to the secondary data on domestic violence in the non Roma population in the Republic of Croatia; the victims of violence rarely report violence experienced in the family and show mistrust towards institutions in the system, and that the Roma population has no clear attitudes towards the victim-aggressor relationship and shares prejudices about the victim’s fault for experiencing violence.

Hosting wine festivals provides the opportunity to organizers and wine destinations to offer a wide range of experiences that differ from the day-today way of life and, in a sense, are the best way to provide a wine tourism lifestyle experience. The aim of the research was to measure the wine and food personality traits of festival visitors, specifically involvement and neophobia, and explore their relationship with the experience quality dimensions of the festival (environment, education, service providers, functional benefits, entertainment) and experience outcomes (satisfaction, loyalty). Additionally, research aimed to compare wine and food involvement and neophobia with regard to specific demographic characteristics of the visitors (gender, income level, visitor status, employment, residency). Data collection was done during the VinoCOM festival on 24th and 25th November 2017 in Zagreb using an on-site questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were used to analyze collected data. The results obtained show a significant and positive relationship between wine and food involvement and experience quality as well as experience outcomes. At the same time it is confirmed a negative relationship between wine and food neophobia, experience quality and experience outcomes., Organiziranje vinskih festivala predstavlja jedinstvenu priliku vinskim destinacijama da posjetiteljima ponude širok raspon doživljaja koji se znatno razlikuju od njihovog svakodnevnog života i na određeni način predstavljaju najbolji način za pružanje doživljaja u vinskom turizmu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je izmjeriti obilježja ličnosti posjetitelja vezane uz hranu i vino, specifično razinu uključenosti i neofobije, te istražiti njihovu povezanost s dimenzijama kvalitete doživljaja festivala (okruženje, učenje, usluga, direktne koristi, zabava) i ishodima kvalitete doživljaja (zadovoljstvo, vjernost). Također, istraživanje ima za cilj usporediti razine uključenosti i neofobije posjetitelja u odnosu na njihova demografska obilježja (spol, razina prihoda, status posjetitelja, zaposlenje, mjesto boravka). Podaci su prikupljeni tijekom održavanja VinoCOM festivala 24. i 25. studenog 2017. u Zagrebu korištenjem anketnog upitnika. Metodama deskriptivne i bivarijatne statističke analize analizirani su prikupljeni podaci. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju značajan i pozitivan odnos između uključenosti vina i hrane te kvalitete iskustva i iskustvenih ishoda. Istovremeno je potvrđena negativna veza između vina i prehrambene neofobije, iskustva kvalitete i ishoda iskustva.

Ginkgo biloba L. is the eldest plant growing on the Earth; preparations made of its leaves and seeds represent an integral part of the Chinese medicine for over a millennium. The plant species was first discovered by Linnaeus in 1771, its name thereby originating from the Latin words bis (two) and lobus (lobe), which duly illustrate the specific shape of its leaf. Contemporary Ginkgo biloba L. plant based pharmaceuticals mostly comprise extracts recovered from leaves harvested during fall, when the concentration of active components reaches its peak. Recent investigations have managed to establish the chemical composition of the plant leaf, together with the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects on rheological profile of the blood and acceleration of its flow. High price of these preparations and their vast popularity have soon become an incentive for counterfeiting Ginkgo biloba L. extracts and the release of bogus drugs comprising cheaper extracts coming from other plants. Namely, modern Ginkgo biloba L.-based medicinal products and food supplements comprise extracts recovered from the plant leaf that get to be standardized according to its key pharmacological active components, most often flavone glycosides (represented in the share of 22%-27%) and terpene trilactones (represented in the share of 6%-7%). The flavonoids that predominate such preparations and are most relevant from the pharmacological standpoint are quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, their total amount and mutual ratios, thereby being an unquestionable indicator of the extract authenticity. Therefore, most of the analyses aiming at verifying the authenticity of a given Ginkgo biloba L.-based product boil down to the analysis of these parameters. Counterfeiting involves partial or full replacement of the Ginkgo biloba L. extract (GBE) with a cheaper plant extract of a similar composition, the latter occasionally being enriched with an additional amount of flavonoids, most often quercetin, not originating from the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The aim of this study was to verify the authenticity and quality of Ginkgo biloba L.-based products circulating on the Croatian market. To that effect, 10 samples of products produced by various manufacturers were analyzed in a certified laboratory. The parameters based on which the authenticity of the preparations was assessed were the shares of aglycones of typical ginkgo flavone glycosides, that is to say, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, and mutual ratios of the established quantities of quercetin to kaempferol as the key clues to unmasking Ginkgo extracts counterfeiting. The amount of ginkgo flavone glycosides was established using high performance liquid chromatography. The analysis proved 80% of the samples analyzed to be conformant to the label statements as regards the total amount of flavone glycosides and their mutual ratios. In 20% of the samples, the ratio of quercetin to kaempferol deviated from normal values; on top of that, the presence of the phytoestrogen genistein, one of the components typically comprised by the Sophora japonica L. plant, was also proven, documenting counterfeiting of the GBE and its replacement by the Sophora japonica L. extracts in the samples under consideration. Due to the untrue label statements descriptive of these products, the information on the presence of pharmacologically active genistein was neglected to be mentioned despite its unfavorable health impact that can be expected in some consumer groups. The results of this study indicated the frequency of counterfeiting the Ginkgo biloba L.-based products found on the Croatian market to be deemed substantial. Therefore, a more rigorous and more thorough control of these products and sanctioning of irresponsible manufacturers and distributers is proposed, so as to contribute to a higher market representation of high-quality products, as well as to avoid health risks and downsize the rate of their counterfeiting., Ginkgo biloba L. najstarija je biljka na zemlji, a pripravci od njegovih listova i sjemenaka dio su kineske medicine već više tisuća godina. Vrstu je 1771. godine otkrio Linnaeus, a ime je dobila od latinskih riječi bis, tj. dva i lobus zbog specifičnog oblika lista. Današnji farmaceutski oblici biljke Ginkgo biloba L. sadrže uglavnom ekstrakte iz listova ubranih ujesen kada je najveća koncentracija aktivnih komponenata. Suvremenim istraživanjima određen je kemijski sastav njegovog lista, a utvrđeni su i mehanizmi njegovog pozitivnog djelovanja na reološka svojstva krvi i ubrzanje njezinog protoka. Visoka cijena i velika popularnost ubrzo su postali poticaj za krivotvorenje ekstrakta biljke Ginkgo biloba L. jeftinijim ekstraktima drugih biljaka. Naime, suvremeni medicinski proizvodi i dodaci prehrani na osnovi biljke Ginkgo biloba L. sadrže ekstrakte njegovog lista koji se standardiziraju prema njegovim ključnim farmakološki aktivnim sastavnicama; najčešće je to 22%-27% flavonoid glikozida i 6%-7% terpenskih trilaktona. Kvercetin, kempferol i izoramnetin su dominantni i farmakološki najvažniji flavonoidi, a njihova ukupna količina i međusobni omjeri nedvojben su pokazatelj autentičnosti ekstrakta. Stoga se i većina analiza za utvrđivanje ispravnosti proizvoda koji sadrže biljku Ginkgo biloba L. temelji na analizi ovih parametara. Krivotvorenja podrazumijevaju djelomičnu ili potpunu zamjenu ektrakta Ginkgo biloba L. nekim jeftinijim biljnim ekstraktom sličnog sastava uz eventualno obogaćivanje dodatnom količinom flavonoida, najčešće kvercetina, koji ne potječu od biljke Ginkgo biloba L. Svrha ovoga rada bila je provjeriti autentičnost i kakvoću pripravaka Ginkgo biloba L. na hrvatskom tržištu. Analizirano je ukupno 10 uzoraka različitih proizvođača. Kao pokazatelji njihove ispravnosti određivani su udjeli aglikona karakterističnih ginkoflavonoglikozida: kvercetin, kempferol i izoramnetin te omjeri nađenih količina kvercetina i kempferola kao ključni pokazatelji krivotvorenja ginkgo-ekstrakta. Količina ginkoflavonoglikozida određena je metodom tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti. Analizom je utvrđeno da 80% uzoraka odgovara navodima deklaracije u pogledu ukupne količine flavonoglikozida kao i u pogledu njihovog međusobnog omjera. U 20% uzoraka omjer kvercetina i kempferola odstupao je od uobičajenih vrijednosti, a dokazano je i prisustvo fitoestrogena genisteina, jedne od karakterističnih sastavnica biljke Sophora japonica L., čijim ekstraktom je krivotvoren ginkgo-ekstrakt u analiziranim uzorcima. Zbog neistinite deklaracije na proizvodima koji su sadržavali ove ekstrakte izostalo je i obvezno upozorenje o prisutnosti farmakološki aktivnog genisteina koji može izazvati neželjene zdravstvene posljedice kod pojedinih skupina potrošača. Rezultati ovoga rada ukazuju na značajnu pojavnost krivotvorenja proizvoda biljke Ginkgo biloba L. na hrvatskom tržištu te se zbog toga predlaže njihova temeljitija kontrola kao i sankcioniranje neodgovornih proizvođača i trgovaca, čime bi se doprinijelo većem udjelu kvalitetnijih proizvoda i izbjegli zdravstveni rizici te smanjila pojavnost prijevare.