184 results on '"Alejandro Vaquero"'
Search Results
2. SIRT7 and p53 interaction in embryonic development and tumorigenesis
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Berta N. Vazquez, Irene Fernández-Duran, Yurdiana Hernandez, Shahriar Tarighi, Joshua K. Thackray, Maria Espinosa-Alcantud, Poonam Kumari, Alessandro Ianni, Lionel Cesaire, Thomas Braun, Manel Esteller, Jay Tischfield, Alejandro Vaquero, and Lourdes Serrano
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p53 ,SIRTUIN ,Sirt7 ,embryonic development ,tumor suppressor ,gene expression ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
p53 is a hallmark tumor suppressor due in part to its role in cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and cellular apoptosis; its protein activity interrelates with the Sirtuin family of proteins, major regulators of the cellular response to metabolic, oxidative, and genotoxic stress. In the recent years, mammalian Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of p53, fine-tuning its activity in a context dependent manner. SIRT7 is frequently overexpressed in human cancer, yet its precise role in tumorigenesis and whether it involves p53 regulation is insufficiently understood. Depletion of SIRT7 in mice results in impaired embryo development and premature aging. While p53 activity has been suggested to contribute to tissue specific dysfunction in adult Sirt7−/− mice, whether this also applies during development is currently unknown. By generating SIRT7 and p53 double-knockout mice, here we show that the demise of SIRT7-deficient embryos is not the result of p53 activity. Notably, although SIRT7 is commonly considered an oncogene, SIRT7 haploinsufficiency increases tumorigenesis in p53 knockout mice. Remarkably, in specific human tumors harboring p53 mutation, we identified that SIRT7 low expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Transcriptomic analysis unveils a previously unrecognized interplay between SIRT7 and p53 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix regulation with major implications for our understanding of embryonic development and tumor progression.
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- 2024
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3. A complex interplay between H2A.Z and HP1 isoforms regulates pericentric heterochromatin
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Jessica González, Laia Bosch-Presegué, Anna Marazuela-Duque, Anna Guitart-Solanes, María Espinosa-Alcantud, Agustín F. Fernandez, Jeremy P. Brown, Juan Ausió, Berta N. Vazquez, Prim B. Singh, Mario F. Fraga, and Alejandro Vaquero
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HP1α,β,γ ,heterochromatin ,H2A.Z ,epigenetics ,genome stability ,H3K9me3 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) plays an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity and alterations in PCH have been linked to cancer and aging. HP1 α, β, and γ, are hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin that are thought to promote PCH structure through binding to heterochromatin-specific histone modifications and interaction with a wide range of factors. Among the less understood components of PCH is the histone H2A variant H2A.Z, whose role in the organization and maintenance of PCH is poorly defined. Here we show that there is a complex interplay between H2A.Z and HP1 isoforms in PCH. While the loss of HP1α results in the accumulation of H2A.Z.1 in PCH, which is associated with a significant decrease in its mobile fraction, H2A.Z.1 binds preferentially to HP1β in these regions. Of note, H2A.Z.1 downregulation results in increased heterochromatinization and instability of PCH, reflected by accumulation of the major epigenetic hallmarks of heterochromatin in these regions and increased frequency of chromosome aberrations related to centromeric/pericentromeric defects. Our studies support a role for H2A.Z in genome stability and unveil a key role of H2A.Z in the regulation of heterochromatin-specific epigenetic modifications through a complex interplay with the HP1 isoforms.
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- 2023
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4. Lack of the Histone Deacetylase SIRT1 Leads to Protection against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through the Upregulation of Heat Shock Proteins
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Jessica Latorre, Nuria de Vera, Tomàs Santalucía, Rafel Balada, Anna Marazuela-Duque, Alejandro Vaquero, Anna M. Planas, and Valérie Petegnief
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sirtuin ,Hsp70 ,STAT3 ,ER stress ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Histone deacetylase SIRT1 represses gene expression through the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors and is involved in the protective cell response to stress and aging. However, upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, SIRT1 impairs the IRE1α branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through the inhibition of the transcriptional activity of XBP-1 and SIRT1 deficiency is beneficial under these conditions. We hypothesized that SIRT1 deficiency may unlock the blockade of transcription factors unrelated to the UPR promoting the synthesis of chaperones and improving the stability of immature proteins or triggering the clearance of unfolded proteins. SIRT1+/+ and SIRT1−/− fibroblasts were exposed to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin and cell survival and expression of heat shock proteins were analyzed 24 h after the treatment. We observed that SIRT1 loss significantly reduced cell sensitivity to ER stress and showed that SIRT1−/− but not SIRT1+/+ cells constitutively expressed high levels of phospho-STAT3 and heat shock proteins. Hsp70 silencing in SIRT1−/− cells abolished the resistance to ER stress. Furthermore, accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins was lower in SIRT1−/− than in SIRT1+/+ cells. Our data showed that SIRT1 deficiency enabled chaperones upregulation and boosted the proteasome activity, two processes that are beneficial for coping with ER stress.
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- 2024
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5. Validation of a DNA methylation microarray for 285,000 CpG sites in the mouse genome
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Carlos A. Garcia-Prieto, Damiana Álvarez-Errico, Eva Musulen, Alberto Bueno-Costa, Berta N. Vazquez, Alejandro Vaquero, and Manel Esteller
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mouse ,dna methylation ,microarray ,epigenetics ,cpg sites ,validation ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Mouse has been extensively used as a model organism in many studies to characterize biological pathways and drug effects and to mimic human diseases. Similar DNA sequences between both species facilitate these types of experiments. However, much less is known about the mouse epigenome, particularly for DNA methylation. Progress in delivering mouse DNA methylomes has been slow due to the currently available time-consuming and expensive methodologies. Following the great acceptance of the human DNA methylation microarrays, we have herein validated a newly developed DNA methylation microarray (Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip) that interrogates 280,754 unique CpG sites within the mouse genome. The CpGs included in the platform cover CpG Islands, shores, shelves and open sea sequences, and loci surrounding transcription start sites and gene bodies. From a functional standpoint, mouse ENCODE representative DNase hypersensitivity sites (rDHSs) and candidate cis-Regulatory Elements (cCREs) are also included. Herein, we show that the profiled mouse DNA methylation microarray provides reliable values among technical replicates; matched results from fresh frozen versus formalin-fixed samples; detects hemimethylated X-chromosome and imprinted CpG sites; and is able to determine CpG methylation changes in mouse cell lines treated with a DNA demethylating agent or upon genetic disruption of a DNA methyltransferase. Most important, using unsupervised hierarchical clustering and t-SNE approaches, the platform is able to classify all types of normal mouse tissues and organs. These data underscore the great features of the assessed microarray to obtain comprehensive DNA methylation profiles of the mouse genome.
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- 2022
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6. Sirtuin 1 Inhibiting Thiocyanates (S1th)—A New Class of Isotype Selective Inhibitors of NAD+ Dependent Lysine Deacetylases
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Nathalie Wössner, Zayan Alhalabi, Jessica González, Sören Swyter, Jin Gan, Karin Schmidtkunz, Lin Zhang, Alejandro Vaquero, Huib Ovaa, Oliver Einsle, Wolfgang Sippl, and Manfred Jung
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sirtuins ,lysine deacetylase ,thiocyanate ,DNA damage ,histone ,H2AX ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylase associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. In many cancer types Sirt1 expression is increased and higher levels have been associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. However, it was also shown, that Sirt1 can have tumor suppressing properties and in some instances even a dual role for the same cancer type has been reported. Increased Sirt1 activity has been linked to extension of the life span of cells, respectively, organisms by promoting DNA repair processes and downregulation of tumor suppressor proteins. This may have the downside of enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. In mice embryonic fibroblasts depletion of Sirt1 was shown to decrease levels of the DNA damage sensor histone H2AX. Impairment of DNA repair mechanisms by Sirt1 can promote tumorigenesis but also lower chemoresistance toward DNA targeting therapies. Despite many biological studies, there is currently just one small molecule Sirt1 inhibitor in clinical trials. Selisistat (EX-527) reached phase III clinical trials for treatment of Huntington's Disease. New small molecule Sirt1 modulators are crucial for further investigation of the contradicting roles of Sirt1 in cancer. We tested a small library of commercially available compounds that were proposed by virtual screening and docking studies against Sirt1, 2 and 3. A thienopyrimidone featuring a phenyl thiocyanate moiety was found to selectively inhibit Sirt1 with an IC50 of 13 μM. Structural analogs lacking the thiocyanate function did not show inhibition of Sirt1 revealing this group as key for the selectivity and affinity toward Sirt1. Further analogs with higher solubility were identified through iterative docking studies and in vitro testing. The most active compounds (down to 5 μM IC50) were further studied in cells. The ratio of phosphorylated γH2AX to unmodified H2AX is lower when Sirt1 is depleted or inhibited. Our new Sirtuin 1 inhibiting thiocyanates (S1th) lead to similarly lowered γH2AX/H2AX ratios in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as Sirt1 knockout and treatment with the reference inhibitor EX-527. In addition to that we were able to show antiproliferative activity, inhibition of migration and colony forming as well as hyperacetylation of Sirt1 targets p53 and H3 by the S1th in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). These results reveal thiocyanates as a promising new class of selective Sirt1 inhibitors.
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- 2020
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7. SIRT6-dependent cysteine monoubiquitination in the PRE-SET domain of Suv39h1 regulates the NF-κB pathway
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Irene Santos-Barriopedro, Laia Bosch-Presegué, Anna Marazuela-Duque, Carolina de la Torre, Carlota Colomer, Berta N. Vazquez, Thomas Fuhrmann, Bárbara Martínez-Pastor, Wenfu Lu, Thomas Braun, Eva Bober, Thomas Jenuwein, Lourdes Serrano, Manel Esteller, Zhenbang Chen, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Raúl Mostoslavsky, Lluis Espinosa, and Alejandro Vaquero
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Science - Abstract
Sirtuins are involved in the regulation of responses to diverse types of cellular stress. Here the authors describe the SirT6-dependent cysteine monoubiquitination of the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 as part of a regulatory circuit for the NF-κB pathway.
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- 2018
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8. Mammalian HP1 Isoforms Have Specific Roles in Heterochromatin Structure and Organization
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Laia Bosch-Presegué, Helena Raurell-Vila, Joshua K. Thackray, Jessica González, Carmen Casal, Noriko Kane-Goldsmith, Miguel Vizoso, Jeremy P. Brown, Antonio Gómez, Juan Ausió, Timo Zimmermann, Manel Esteller, Gunnar Schotta, Prim B. Singh, Lourdes Serrano, and Alejandro Vaquero
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heterochromatin ,HP1α ,HP1β ,HP1γ ,Suv420h2 ,H4K20me3 ,genome organization ,genome stability ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
HP1 is a structural component of heterochromatin. Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. Analysis of Hp1α−/−, Hp1β−/−, and Hp1γ−/− MEFs show that HP1 proteins have both redundant and unique functions within pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) and also act globally throughout the genome. HP1α confines H4K20me3 and H3K27me3 to regions within PCH, while its absence results in a global hyper-compaction of chromatin associated with a specific pattern of mitotic defects. In contrast, HP1β is functionally associated with Suv4-20h2 and H4K20me3, and its loss induces global chromatin decompaction and an abnormal enrichment of CTCF in PCH and other genomic regions. Our work provides insight into the roles of HP1 proteins in heterochromatin structure and genome stability.
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- 2017
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9. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase targets SUV4-20-mediated histone H4K20 trimethylation to class-switch recombination sites
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Virginia C. Rodríguez-Cortez, Paloma Martínez-Redondo, Francesc Català-Moll, Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva, Antonio Garcia-Gomez, Ganesh Poorani-Subramani, Laura Ciudad, Henar Hernando, Arantxa Pérez-García, Carlos Company, José M. Urquiza, Almudena R. Ramiro, Javier M. Di Noia, Alejandro Vaquero, and Esteban Ballestar
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) triggers antibody diversification in B cells by catalysing deamination and subsequently mutating immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Association of AID with RNA Pol II and occurrence of epigenetic changes during Ig gene diversification suggest participation of AID in epigenetic regulation. AID is mutated in hyper-IgM type 2 (HIGM2) syndrome. Here, we investigated the potential role of AID in the acquisition of epigenetic changes. We discovered that AID binding to the IgH locus promotes an increase in H4K20me3. In 293F cells, we demonstrate interaction between co-transfected AID and the three SUV4-20 histone H4K20 methyltransferases, and that SUV4-20H1.2, bound to the IgH switch (S) mu site, is replaced by SUV4-20H2 upon AID binding. Analysis of HIGM2 mutants shows that the AID truncated form W68X is impaired to interact with SUV4-20H1.2 and SUV4-20H2 and is unable to bind and target H4K20me3 to the Smu site. We finally show in mouse primary B cells undergoing class-switch recombination (CSR) that AID deficiency associates with decreased H4K20me3 levels at the Smu site. Our results provide a novel link between SUV4-20 enzymes and CSR and offer a new aspect of the interplay between AID and histone modifications in setting the epigenetic status of CSR sites.
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- 2017
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10. An HP1 isoform-specific feedback mechanism regulates Suv39h1 activity under stress conditions
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Helena Raurell-Vila, Laia Bosch-Presegue, Jessica Gonzalez, Noriko Kane-Goldsmith, Carmen Casal, Jeremy P. Brown, Anna Marazuela-Duque, Prim B. Singh, Lourdes Serrano, and Alejandro Vaquero
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genome organization ,genome stability ,heterochromatin ,hp1α ,hp1β ,hp1γ ,stress response ,suv39h1 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The presence of H3K9me3 and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are hallmarks of heterochromatin conserved in eukaryotes. The spreading and maintenance of H3K9me3 is effected by the functional interplay between the H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and HP1. This interplay is complex in mammals because the three HP1 isoforms, HP1α, β, and γ, are thought to play a redundant role in Suv39h1-dependent deposition of H3K9me3 in pericentric heterochromatin (PCH). Here, we demonstrate that despite this redundancy, HP1α and, to a lesser extent, HP1γ have a closer functional link to Suv39h1, compared to HP1β. HP1α and γ preferentially interact in vivo with Suv39h1, regulate its dynamics in heterochromatin, and increase Suv39h1 protein stability through an inhibition of MDM2-dependent Suv39h1-K87 polyubiquitination. The reverse is also observed, where Suv39h1 increases HP1α stability compared HP1β and γ. The interplay between Suv39h1 and HP1 isoforms appears to be relevant under genotoxic stress. Specifically, loss of HP1α and γ isoforms inhibits the upregulation of Suv39h1 and H3K9me3 that is observed under stress conditions. Reciprocally, Suv39h1 deficiency abrogates stress-dependent upregulation of HP1α and γ, and enhances HP1β levels. Our work defines a specific role for HP1 isoforms in regulating Suv39h1 function under stress via a feedback mechanism that likely regulates heterochromatin formation.
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- 2017
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11. Complex role of SIRT6 in NF-κB pathway regulation
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Irene Santos-Barriopedro and Alejandro Vaquero
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sirt6 ,nf-κb ,sirtuins, nad+ ,iκbα ,suv39h1 ,skp2 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The NF-κB pathway regulates cell physiology under stress conditions. We have recently described a novel NF-κB regulatory mechanism, by which SIRT6 induces cysteine monoubiquitination of the methyltransferase SUV39H1. This causes SUV39H1 dissociation from the gene encoding the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα, increasing its expression and leading to NF-κB pathway inactivation.
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- 2018
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12. Calculating the QED correction to the hadronic vacuum polarisation on the lattice
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Ray, Gaurav, Bazavov, Alexei, Davies, Christine, DeTar, Carleton, El-Khadra, Aida, Gottlieb, Steven, Hatton, Daniel, Jeong, Hwancheol, Kronfeld, Andreas, Lahert, Shaun, Lepage, Peter, McNeile, Craig, Simone, James, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
Isospin-breaking corrections to the hadron vacuum polarization component of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are needed to ensure the theoretical precision of $g_\mu -2$ is below the experimental precision. We describe the status of our work calculating, using lattice QCD, the QED correction to the light and strange connected hadronic vacuum polarization in a Dashen scheme. We report results using physical $N_f=2+1+1$ HISQ ensembles at three lattice spacings and three heavier-than-light valence quark masses., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Proceedings of Science, contribution to the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2022, Bonn, Germany
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- 2022
13. Pion and kaon form factors using twisted-mass fermions
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Alexandrou, Constantia, Bacchio, Simone, Cloët, Ian, Constantinou, Martha, Delmar, Joseph, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Koutsou, Giannis, Lauer, Colin, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
We present a calculation of the scalar, vector and tensor pion and kaon form factors using one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of maximally twisted mass fermions with clover improvement. The quark masses are chosen so that they produce a pion mass of about 265 MeV, and a kaon mass of 530 MeV. The lattice spacing of the ensemble is 0.093 fm and the lattice has a spatial extent of 3 fm. We use a rest frame, as well as a boosted frame to obtain the form factors for a wider and denser set of four-vector momentum transfer squared, $Q^2$. To assess and eliminate excited-states contamination, we analyze several values of the source-sink time separation within the range of 1.12 - 2.23 fm (1.12 - 1.67 fm) for the rest (boosted) frame. The $Q^2$ dependence of the form factors is parametrized using a monopole fit, which leads to the extraction of the corresponding radius, and the tensor anomalous magnetic moment for the tensor form factor. The results for these parametrizations are compared for the pion and kaon to assess the level of the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 38th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LATTICE2021
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- 2021
14. A view on the role of epigenetics in the biology of malaria parasites.
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Alfred Cortés, Valerie M Crowley, Alejandro Vaquero, and Till S Voss
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Published
- 2012
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15. The \boldmath$B\to D^\ast\ell\nu$ semileptonic decay at nonzero recoil and its implications for $\ |V_{cb}\ |$ and $R(D^\ast)$
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Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero, DeTar, Carleton, El-Khadra, Aida X., Kronfeld, Andreas S., Laiho, Jack, and Van de Water, Ruth S.
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High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We present nearly final results from our analysis of the form factors for $B\to D^\ast\ell\nu$ decay at nonzero recoil. Our analysis includes 15 MILC asqtad ensembles with $N_f=2+1$ flavors of sea quarks and lattice spacings ranging from $a\approx0.15$ fm down to $0.045$ fm. The valence light quarks employ the asqtad action, whereas the $b$ and $c$ quarks are treated using the Fermilab action. We discuss the impact that our results will have on $\ |V_{cb}\ |$ and $R(D^\ast)$., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - Lattice 2019, Wuhan (China)
- Published
- 2019
16. $B\to D^\ast\ell\nu$ at non-zero recoil
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Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero, DeTar, Carleton, El-Khadra, Aida X., Kronfeld, Andreas S., Laiho, Jack, and Van de Water, Ruth S.
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High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We present preliminary blinded results from our analysis of the form factors for $B\rightarrow D^\ast\ell\nu$ decay at non-zero recoil. Our analysis includes 15 MILC asqtad ensembles with $N_f=2+1$ flavors of sea quarks and lattice spacings ranging from $a\approx 0.15$ fm down to $0.045$ fm. The valence light quarks employ the asqtad action, whereas the $b$ and $c$ quarks are treated using the Fermilab action. We discuss the impact that our results will have on $\left|V_{cb}\right|$ and $R(D^\ast)$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the 36th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LATTICE2018
- Published
- 2019
17. Nucleon spin structure from lattice QCD
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Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
In this lattice QCD study we evaluate the nucleon spin decomposition to quarks and gluons contributions. We employ one gauge ensemble of maximally twisted mass fermions with two degenerate light quarks tuned to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that both spin sum and momentum sum are satisfied within the current statistical and systematic accuracy., Comment: DIS2018
- Published
- 2018
18. Connected and disconnected contributions to nucleon axial form factors using $N_f=2$ twisted mass fermions at the physical point
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Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
We present results on the isovector and isoscalar nucleon axial form factors including disconnected contributions,using an ensemble of $N_f =2$ twisted mass clover- improved Wilson fermions simulated with approximately the physical value of the pion mass. The light disconnected quark loops are computed using exact deflation, while the strange and the charm quark loops are evaluated using the truncated solver method. Techniques such as the summation and the two-state fits have been employed to access ground-state dominance.
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- 2018
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19. Performance Portability Strategies for Grid C++ Expression Templates
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Boyle, Peter A., Clark, M. A., DeTar, Carleton, Lin, Meifeng, Rana, Verinder, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice ,Computer Science - Mathematical Software - Abstract
One of the key requirements for the Lattice QCD Application Development as part of the US Exascale Computing Project is performance portability across multiple architectures. Using the Grid C++ expression template as a starting point, we report on the progress made with regards to the Grid GPU offloading strategies. We present both the successes and issues encountered in using CUDA, OpenACC and Just-In-Time compilation. Experimentation and performance on GPUs with a SU(3)$\times$SU(3) streaming test will be reported. We will also report on the challenges of using current OpenMP 4.x for GPU offloading in the same code., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Talk presented at the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spain
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- 2017
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20. Massive Schwinger model at finite $\theta$
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Azcoiti, Vicente, Di Carlo, Giuseppe, Follana, Eduardo, Royo-Amondarain, Eduardo, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
Using the approach developed in [V. Azcoiti, G. Di Carlo, A. Galante, V. Laliena, \textit{Phys. Lett.} \textbf{B563}, (2003) 117], we are able to reconstruct the behavior of the massive 1-flavor Schwinger model with a $\theta$ term and a quantized topological charge. We calculate the full dependence of the order parameter with $\theta$. Our results at $\theta = \pi$ are compatible with Coleman's conjecture on the phase diagram of this model., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures
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- 2017
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21. Nucleon electromagnetic form factors using lattice simulations at the physical point
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Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Aviles-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
We present results for the nucleon electromagnetic form factors using an ensemble of maximally twisted mass clover-improved fermions with pion mass of about 130 MeV. We use multiple sink-source separations and three analysis methods to probe ground-state dominance. We evaluate both the connected and disconnected contributions to the nucleon matrix elements. We find that the disconnected quark loop contributions to the isoscalar matrix elements are small, giving an upper bound of up to 2$\%$ of the connected contribution and smaller than its statistical error. We present results for the isovector and isoscalar electric and magnetic Sachs form factors and the corresponding proton and neutron form factors. By fitting the momentum dependence of the form factors to a dipole form or to the z-expansion we extract the nucleon electric and magnetic radii, as well as, the magnetic moment. We compare our results to experiment as well as to other recent lattice QCD calculations., Comment: 20 pages, 32 figures, and 11 tables. Changes in version 2: Updated to match published version
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- 2017
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22. Nucleon axial form factors using lattice QCD simulations with a physical value of the pion mass
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Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Aviles-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
We present results on the nucleon axial and induced pseudo-scalar form factors using an ensemble of two degenerate twisted mass clover-improved fermions generated at the physical value of the pion mass. We evaluate the isovector and the isoscalar, as well as, the strange and the charm axial form factors. The disconnected contributions are evaluated using recently developed methods that include deflation of the lower eigenstates, allowing us to extract the isoscalar, strange and charm axial form factors. We find that the disconnected quark loop contributions are non-zero and particularly large for the induced pseudo-scalar form factor., Comment: Replaced with the published version
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- 2017
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23. Disconnected diagrams with twisted-mass fermions
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Abdel-Rehim, Abdou, Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Finkenrath, Jacob, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
The latest results from the Twisted-Mass collaboration on disconnected diagrams at the physical value of the pion mass are presented. In particular, we focus on the sigma terms, the axial charges and the momentum fraction, all of them for the nucleon. A detailed error analysis for each observable follows, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the one-end trick. Alternatives are discussed., Comment: Proceedings of the 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. 7 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2016
24. Disconnected quark loop contributions to nucleon observables using $N_f=2$ twisted clover fermions at the physical value of the light quark mass
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Abdel-Rehim, Abdou, Alexandrou, Constantia, Constantinou, Martha, Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos, Jansen, Karl, Kallidonis, Christos, Koutsou, Giannis, and Avilés-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
We compute the disconnected quark loops contributions entering the determination of nucleon observables, by using a $N_f = 2$ ensemble of twisted mass fermions with a clover term at a pion mass $m_\pi = 133$ MeV. We employ exact deflation and implement all calculations in GPUs, enabling us to achieve large statistics and a good signal., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, presented at the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 14 -18 July 2015, Kobe, Japan, PoS(LATTICE 2015)136
- Published
- 2015
25. Implementation of the twisted mass fermion operator in the QUDA library
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Strelchenko, Alexei, Alexandrou, Constantia, Koutsou, Giannis, and Aviles-Casco, Alejandro Vaquero
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High Energy Physics - Lattice - Abstract
We discuss an extension of the QUDA library for the Wilson twisted mass operator. A performance analysis is presented for both degenerate and non-degenerate flavor doublets. The degenerate twisted mass fermion operator runs at up to 190, 487 and 856 Gflops, for double, single and half precisions respectively on recent NVIDIA Kepler GPUs, while our implementation for the non-degenerate flavor doublet allows to reach 163, 516 and 879 GFlops, respectively. The code is currently in production for the hadron structure study., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany
- Published
- 2013
26. Pushing memory bandwidth limitations through efficient implementations of Block-Krylov space solvers on GPUs.
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Michael A. Clark, Alexei Strelchenko, Alejandro Vaquero Avilés Casco, Mathias Wagner, and Evan Weinberg
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- 2018
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27. Supplementary Figure 4 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 4. Effect of KAT6B shRNA-mediated depletion in the growth rate according to the XTT assay
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- 2023
28. Supplementary Figure 1 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 1. KAT6B copy number and DNA methylation status in SCLC cell lines
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- 2023
29. Supplementary Figure 7 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 7. Effect of twenty-eight histone deacetylase inhibitors and two classical drugs in SCLC chemotherapy, such as cisplatin and etoposide, in the IC50 values of KAT6B shRNA-transfected vs scramble shRNA-transfected NCI-N417 cells.
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- 2023
30. Supplementary Table 1 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Table 1. List of antibodies and primer sets used in the study.
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- 2023
31. Supplementary Table 3 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Table 3. The twenty-eight HDAC inhibitors used in the study and their specificity
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- 2023
32. Supplementary Figure 3 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 3. Expression of KAT6B isoforms in SCLC cell lines.
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- 2023
33. Supplementary Table 2 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Table 2. Genes that significantly change expression upon KAT6B depletion. Normalized intensities from the array in each sample and log Fold Changes from the analysis are depicted.
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- 2023
34. Supplementary Figure 6 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 6. Immunohistochemistry studies for KAT6B and acetylated K23-H3 staining according to KAT6B deletion status
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- 2023
35. Supplementary Figure 8 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Author
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 8. Effect of KAT6B shRNA-mediated depletion in ATM expression and H2AX phosphorylation
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- 2023
36. Supplementary Figure 2 from KAT6B Is a Tumor Suppressor Histone H3 Lysine 23 Acetyltransferase Undergoing Genomic Loss in Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Author
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Manel Esteller, Jun Yokota, Takashi Kohno, Reika Iwakawa, Suvi Savola, Ilse Zondervan, Fátima Carneiro, Conceição S. Moura, Guntram Borck, Katalin Szakszon, Ugo Pastorino, Luca Roz, August Vidal, Silvia Barceló-Batllori, Carolina de la Torre, Alejandro Vaquero, Holger Heyn, Marta Soler, Enrique Vidal, Antonio Gomez, Maria Berdasco, Sebastian Moran, Anna Martínez-Cardús, Catia Moutinho, Alberto Villanueva, Fernando Setien, Montserrat Pérez-Salvia, and Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 2. Copy number and expression levels of six KATs in SCLC cell lines
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- 2023
37. B-meson semileptonic decays with highly improved staggered quarks
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Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco
- Published
- 2023
38. $B\to D^{(\ast)}\ell\nu$ semileptonic decays at non-zero recoil
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Alejandro Vaquero
- Published
- 2023
39. Calculating the QED correction to the hadronic vacuum polarisation on the lattice
- Author
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Gaurav Ray, Alexei Bazavov, Christine Davies, Carleton DeTar, Aida X El-Khadra, Steven Gottlieb, Daniel Hatton, Hwancheol Jeong, Andreas Kronfeld, Shaun Lahert, Peter Lepage, Craig McNeile, James N. Simone, and Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) ,FOS: Physical sciences - Abstract
Isospin-breaking corrections to the hadron vacuum polarization component of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are needed to ensure the theoretical precision of $g_\mu -2$ is below the experimental precision. We describe the status of our work calculating, using lattice QCD, the QED correction to the light and strange connected hadronic vacuum polarization in a Dashen scheme. We report results using physical $N_f=2+1+1$ HISQ ensembles at three lattice spacings and three heavier-than-light valence quark masses., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Proceedings of Science, contribution to the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2022, Bonn, Germany
- Published
- 2023
40. D-meson semileptonic decays to pseudoscalars from four-flavor lattice QCD
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Bazavov, Alexei, Detar, Carleton, El-Khadra, Aida X., Gámiz, Elvira, Gelzer, Zechariah, Gottlieb, Steven, Jay, William I., Jeong, Hwancheol, Kronfeld, Andreas S., Li, Ruizi, Lytle, Andrew T., Mackenzie, Paul B., Neil, Ethan T., Primer, Thomas, Simone, James N., Sugar, Robert L., Toussaint, Doug, Water, Ruth S., and Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) ,FOS: Physical sciences - Abstract
We present lattice-QCD calculations of the hadronic form factors for the semileptonic decays $D\to\pi\ell\nu$, $D\to K\ell\nu$, and $D_s\to K\ell\nu$. Our calculation uses the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for all valence and sea quarks and includes $N_f=2+1+1$ MILC ensembles with lattice spacings ranging from $a\approx0.12$ fm down to $0.042$ fm. At most lattice spacings, an ensemble with physical-mass light quarks is included. The HISQ action allows all the quarks to be treated with the same relativistic light-quark action, allowing for nonperturbative renormalization using partial conservation of the vector current. We combine our results with experimental measurements of the differential decay rates to determine $|V_{cd}|^{D\to\pi}=0.2238(11)^{\rm Expt}(15)^{\rm QCD}(04)^{\rm EW}(02)^{\rm SIB}[22]^{\rm QED}$ and $|V_{cs}|^{D\to K}=0.9589(23)^{\rm Expt}(40)^{\rm QCD}(15)^{\rm EW}(05)^{\rm SIB}[95]^{\rm QED}$ This result for $|V_{cd}|$ is the most precise to date, with a lattice-QCD error that is, for the first time for the semileptonic extraction, at the same level as the experimental error. Using recent measurements from BES III, we also give the first-ever determination of $|V_{cd}|^{D_s\to K}=0.258(15)^{\rm Expt}(01)^{\rm QCD}[03]^{\rm QED}$ from $D_s\to K \ell\nu$. Our results also furnish new Standard Model calculations of the lepton flavor universality ratios $R^{D\to\pi}=0.98671(17)^{\rm QCD}[500]^{\rm QED}$, $R^{D\to K}=0.97606(16)^{\rm QCD}[500]^{\rm QED}$, and $R^{D_s\to K}=0.98099(10)^{\rm QCD}[500]^{\rm QED}$, which are consistent within $2\sigma$ with experimental measurements. Our extractions of $|V_{cd}|$ and $|V_{cs}|$, when combined with a value for $|V_{cb}|$, provide the most precise test of second-row CKM unitarity, finding agreement with unitarity at the level of one standard deviation., Comment: 92 pages, V2 matches version accepted for publication in PRD. Expanded supplementary material for reconstructing our final results. An implementation of nonlinear shrinkage is also included
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- 2023
41. Performance Portability Strategies for Grid C++ Expression Templates.
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Peter A. Boyle, Michael A. Clark, Carleton DeTar, Meifeng Lin, Verinder S. Rana, and Alejandro Vaquero Avilés Casco
- Published
- 2017
42. B- and D-meson semileptonic decays with highly improved staggered quarks
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Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco
- Published
- 2022
43. Shikimic acid protects skin cells from UV-induced senescence through activation of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1
- Author
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Nicolas G. Simonet, Alfredo Martínez-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Vaquero, Anna Marazuela-Duque, Josefina Martínez-Hoyos, Irene Fernández-Duran, I. Martínez-Rovira, and Ibraheem Yousef
- Subjects
Senescence ,Aging ,senescence ,human dermal fibroblasts ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Shikimic Acid ,Protective Agents ,SIRT1 ,Sirtuin 1 ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Humans ,Shikimic acid ,Human dermal fibroblasts ,Cellular Senescence ,Cell Proliferation ,Skin ,biology ,Chemistry ,Autophagy ,UV irradiation ,Cell Biology ,NAD ,Skin Aging ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,Proteostasis ,Sirtuin ,Unfolded protein response ,biology.protein ,NAD+ kinase ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction ,Research Paper - Abstract
UV radiation is one of the main contributors to skin photoaging by promoting the accumulation of cellular senescence, which in turn induces a proinflammatory and tissue-degrading state that favors skin aging. The members of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent enzymes play an anti-senescence role and their activation suggests a promising approach for preventing UV-induced senescence in the treatment of skin aging. A two-step screening designed to identify compounds able to protect cells from UV-induced senescence through sirtuin activation identified shikimic acid (SA), a metabolic intermediate in many organisms, as a bona-fide candidate. The protective effects of SA against senescence were dependent on specific activation of SIRT1 as the effect was abrogated by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. Upon UV irradiation SA induced S-phase accumulation and a decrease in p16 INK4A expression but did not protect against DNA damage or increased polyploidies. In contrast, SA reverted misfolded protein accumulation upon senescence, an effect that was abrogated by EX-527. Consistently, SA induced an increase in the levels of the chaperone BiP, resulting in a downregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and UPR-dependent autophagy, avoiding their abnormal hyperactivation during senescence. SA did not directly activate SIRT1 in vitro, suggesting that SIRT1 is a downstream effector of SA signaling specifically in the response to cellular senescence. Our study not only uncovers a shikimic acid/SIRT1 signaling pathway that prevents cellular senescence, but also reinforces the role of sirtuins as key regulators of cell proteostasis.
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- 2021
44. Sirtuins in female meiosis and in reproductive longevity
- Author
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Berta N. Vazquez, Karen Schindler, and Alejandro Vaquero
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,DNA repair ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Gene Expression ,Genome ,Article ,Chromosome segregation ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oogenesis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reproductive biology ,Genetics ,Homologous chromosome ,Animals ,Humans ,Sirtuins ,Epigenetics ,media_common ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,biology ,Reproduction ,Ovary ,Cell Biology ,Meiosis ,030104 developmental biology ,Sirtuin ,biology.protein ,Female ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Transmission of genetic material through high-quality gametes to progeny requires accurate homologous chromosome recombination and segregation during meiosis. A failure to accomplish these processes can have major consequences in reproductive health, including infertility, and development disorders in offspring. Sirtuins, a family of NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases, play key roles in genome maintenance, metabolism, and aging. In recent years, Sirtuins have emerged as regulators of several reproductive processes and interventions aiming to target Sirtuin activity are of great interest in the reproductive biology field. Sirtuins are pivotal to protect germ cells against oxidative stress, a major determinant influencing ovarian aging and the quality of gametes. Sirtuins also safeguard the integrity of the genome through epigenetic programs required for regulating gene repression, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation, among others. Although these functions are relatively well characterized in many somatic tissues, how they contribute to reproductive functions is not well understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of Sirtuins in female reproductive systems and discusses the underlying molecular pathways. In addition, we highlight the importance of Sirtuins as antiaging factors in the ovary and summarize current preclinical efforts to identify treatments to extend female reproductive longevity.
- Published
- 2020
45. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of NPM promotes p53 stabilization following UV-induced genotoxic stress
- Author
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Daniela Popescu, Alessandro Ianni, Poonam Kumari, Marcus Krüger, Claudia Fiorillo, Andreas J. Schmidt, Shijing Yue, Alejandro Vaquero, Soraya Hölper, Nicolas G. Simonet, Eva Bober, Shahriar Tarighi, Christian Smolka, Thomas Braun, and Stefan Guenther
- Subjects
p53 ,Transcription, Genetic ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Nucleolus ,DNA repair ,Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ,Genotoxic Stress ,Catalysis ,Mice ,sirtuins ,Ubiquitin ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Acetylation ,Nucleophosmin ,P53 ,Sirtuins ,Animals ,Cell Nucleolus ,Humans ,Lysine ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Nuclear Proteins ,Phosphorylation ,Protein Stability ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Ubiquitination ,DNA Damage ,nucleolus ,acetylation ,Multidisciplinary ,Nucleoplasm ,biology ,Chemistry ,Biological Sciences ,Ubiquitin ligase ,Cell biology ,Sirtuin ,biology.protein ,Mdm2 ,nucleophosmin - Abstract
Adaptation to different forms of environmental stress is crucial for maintaining essential cellular functions and survival. The nucleolus plays a decisive role as a signaling hub for coordinating cellular responses to various extrinsic and intrinsic cues. p53 levels are normally kept low in unstressed cells, mainly due to E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2-mediated degradation. Under stress, nucleophosmin (NPM) relocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and binds MDM2, thereby preventing degradation of p53 and allowing cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian sirtuin SIRT7 is an essential component for the regulation of p53 stability during stress responses induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The catalytic activity of SIRT7 is substantially increased upon UV irradiation through ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR)-mediated phosphorylation, which promotes efficient deacetylation of the SIRT7 target NPM. Deacetylation is required for stress-dependent relocation of NPM into the nucleoplasm and MDM2 binding, thereby preventing ubiquitination and degradation of p53. In the absence of SIRT7, stress-dependent stabilization of p53 is abrogated, both in vitro and in vivo, impairing cellular stress responses. The study uncovers an essential SIRT7-dependent mechanism for stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 in response to genotoxic stress.
- Published
- 2021
46. Sirtuins in hematopoiesis and blood malignancies
- Author
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Berta N. Vazquez, Alejandro Vaquero, and Irene Fernández-Duran
- Subjects
Haematopoiesis ,Leukemia ,Genome integrity ,business.industry ,Metabolic homeostasis ,medicine ,Inflammation ,medicine.symptom ,Bioinformatics ,medicine.disease ,business ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of hematopoiesis, as they do in other tissues. Consequently, their deregulation causes immune-related pathologies such as leukemia and chronic inflammation. Sirtuins participate in these processes at different levels, most of which are related to previously known functions such as the protection of genome integrity, control of apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis, and pluripotency. Our current knowledge is still limited, but five ways what we do know strongly suggests that sirtuins are crucial for hematopoietic homeostasis and have considerable therapeutic potential for treating this group of pathologies.
- Published
- 2021
47. List of contributors
- Author
-
null Anamika, G. Anderson, Sankarathi Balaiya, Sanjay K. Banerjee, Ariela Benigni, M. Benito, Nady Braidy, J. Burillo, Yirui Cheng, Partha Dabke, Anibh M. Das, Ryan A. Denu, D. Ezhilarasan, Hassan Farghali, Irene Fernández-Duran, Vladimir I. Fisinin, C. González-Blanco, C. Guillén, Qing Han, Rüdiger Hardeland, Peiman Hematti, B. Jiménez, Mighty Kgalalelo Kemelo, Archita Khanna, Hajime Kobayashi, Ivan I. Kochish, Vitaly K. Koltover, Takanori Kumai, Nikolina Kutinová Canová, Shin-Hae Lee, M. Maes, Kenneth Maiese, P. Marqués, Kyung-Jin Min, Sneha Mishra, Brian J. Morris, M. Najimi, Bugga Paramesha, Luca Perico, Venkatraman Ravi, Ken Shinmura, Tatjana A. Skipa, Shu Somemura, Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan, Peter F. Surai, Dariusz Szukiewicz, Ko Terauchi, Surendra Kumar Trigun, Alejandro Vaquero, Berta N. Vazquez, Maria Villalva, Mateusz Wątroba, Weiliang Xia, Tsunehisa Yamamoto, Kazuo Yudoh, and Naoko Yui
- Published
- 2021
48. A synthetic mRNA cell reprogramming method using CYCLIN D1 promotes DNA repair generating improved genetically stable human induced pluripotent stem cells
- Author
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Michael J. Edel, Carme Grau-Bove, Francisco Vidal Pérez, Manel Juan Otero, Raul Delgado-Morales, Maria A. Blasco, Carlos Hobeich Naya, Agueda M. Tejera, Alejandro Vaquero, C. Barrot, Irene Santos-Barriopedro, Iris Garcia-Martínez, Ana Belén Alvarez-Palomo, Manel Esteller, Jovita Mezquita-Pla, Sebastian Moran, Victoria Moreno-Manzano, and Jordi Requena-Osete
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,DNA Repair ,DNA repair ,induced pluripotent stem cells ,neural stem cells (NSCs) ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Biology ,clinical translation ,Cell therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cyclin D1 ,SOX2 ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,cellular therapy ,Cell cycle ,Cellular Reprogramming ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,KLF4 ,Molecular Medicine ,cell cycle ,Reprogramming ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
A key challenge for clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to accurately model and treat human pathologies depends on developing a method to generate genetically stable cells to reduce long-term risks of cell transplant therapy. Here, we hypothesized that CYCLIN D1 repairs DNA by highly efficient homologous recombination (HR) during reprogramming to iPSC that reduces genetic instability and threat of neoplastic growth. We adopted a synthetic mRNA transfection method using clinically compatible conditions with CYCLIN D1 plus base factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28) and compared with methods that use C-MYC. We demonstrate that CYCLIN D1 made iPSC have (a) lower multitelomeric signal, (b) reduced double-strand DNA breaks, (c) correct nuclear localization of RAD51 protein expression, and (d) reduced SNP changes per chromosome, compared with the classical reprogramming method using C-MYC. CYCLIN D1 iPSC have reduced teratoma Ki67 cell growth kinetics and derived neural stem cells successfully engraft in a hostile spinal cord injury (SCI) microenvironment with efficient survival, differentiation. We demonstrate that CYCLIN D1 promotes double-stranded DNA damage repair predominantly through HR during cell reprogramming to efficiently produce iPSC. CYCLIN D1 reduces general cell stress associated with significantly lower SIRT1 gene expression and can rescue Sirt1 null mouse cell reprogramming. In conclusion, we show synthetic mRNA transfection of CYCLIN D1 repairs DNA during reprogramming resulting in significantly improved genetically stable footprint in human iPSC, enabling a new cell reprogramming method for more accurate and reliable generation of human iPSC for disease modeling and future clinical applications. © AlphaMed Press 2021 A key challenge for clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to accurately model and treat human pathologies lies in developing a method for their generation that are genetically stable to reduce long-term risks of cell transplant therapy. The authors show synthetic mRNA transfection of CYCLIN D1 repairs DNA during reprogramming resulting in significantly improved genetically stable footprint in human iPSC, enabling more accurate and reliable generation of human iPSC for disease modeling and future clinical applications.
- Published
- 2021
49. Pion and kaon form factors using twisted-mass fermions
- Author
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Joseph Delmar, Constantia Alexandrou, Simone Bacchio, Ian Cloet, Martha Constantinou, Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou, Giannis Koutsou, Colin Lauer, and Alejandro Vaquero Avilés-Casco
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We present a calculation of the scalar, vector and tensor pion and kaon form factors using one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of maximally twisted mass fermions with clover improvement. The quark masses are chosen so that they produce a pion mass of about 265 MeV, and a kaon mass of 530 MeV. The lattice spacing of the ensemble is 0.093 fm and the lattice has a spatial extent of 3 fm. We use a rest frame, as well as a boosted frame to obtain the form factors for a wider and denser set of four-vector momentum transfer squared, $Q^2$. To assess and eliminate excited-states contamination, we analyze several values of the source-sink time separation within the range of 1.12 - 2.23 fm (1.12 - 1.67 fm) for the rest (boosted) frame. The $Q^2$ dependence of the form factors is parametrized using a monopole fit, which leads to the extraction of the corresponding radius, and the tensor anomalous magnetic moment for the tensor form factor. The results for these parametrizations are compared for the pion and kaon to assess the level of the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 38th Annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LATTICE2021
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The hadronic vacuum polarization of the muon fromfour-flavor lattice QCD
- Author
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Ethan T. Neil, G. P. Lepage, Aida X. El-Khadra, Steven Gottlieb, D. Toussaint, Alejandro Vaquero, R. S. Van de Water, James N. Simone, D. Hatton, Christine Davies, Elvira Gamiz, Shuhei Yamamoto, Paul B. Mackenzie, Carleton DeTar, Craig McNeile, T. Primer, Andreas S. Kronfeld, Jack Laiho, and Yuzhi Liu
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Muon ,Anomalous magnetic dipole moment ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,Lattice (order) ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Fermilab ,Fermion ,Vacuum polarization ,Lattice QCD - Abstract
We present an update on the ongoing calculations by the Fermilab Lattice, HPQCD, and MILC Collaboration of the leading-order (in electromagnetism) hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Our project employs ensembles with four flavors of highly improved staggered fermions, physical light-quark masses, and four lattice spacings ranging from $a \approx 0.06$ to 0.15 fm for most of the results thus far.
- Published
- 2020
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