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Chemometrics has been defined as the discipline that provides maximum information from chemical data. Food science and technology applications use chemical data and are therefore suitable for chemometrics evaluation. Bibliometric studies provide an enhanced understanding of the progression, research status as well as future trends of a research field. The main aim of the study was therefore, to provide a bibliometric evaluation of the research literature employing chemometrics techniques in food science and technology applications. For this, a search strategy including the single term chemometric∗ was performed. The metadata obtained from the bibliometric search was subsequently analyzed. Indicators of the scientific productivity and quality such as the number of articles, citations, or funding activity, were obtained in combination with the most relevant keywords, authors, and countries. The progression over time of the bibliometric indicators was also presented and discussed. Chemometrics appeared as a prolific and healthy research field with increased funding received in the last decade. PCA, PLS and DA are still the preferred methods for most applications. A big part of the research is related to the combined use of spectroscopy and chemometrics. Finally, China and Brazil appeared as the leading countries in applying chemometrics to foodstuffs.

[ES] Los compuestos fenólicos son sustancias bioactivas de vital importancia en los vinos tintos debido al efecto en sus atributos organolépticos. Estos compuestos tienen un papel crucial en el color y en las sensaciones en boca de los vinos. Muchas reacciones químicas y enzimáticas, que se llevan a cabo en la producción y envejecimiento de los vinos tintos, involucran a los compuestos fenólicos. La espectrofotometría ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis) es una técnica que permite analizar y cuantificar compuestos fenólicos en vinos, debido a la capacidad del anillo fenólico para absorber la luz UV y tratarse, en algunos casos, de compuestos coloreados (absorción de luz visible). Además, esta eficiente técnica permite simplificar la metodología analítica ya que únicamente se necesita la medida del espectro de absorción del vino. La espectrofotometría ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis) se combina con la regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) creando modelos de predicción. Estos modelos de predicción pueden presentar un problema de depreciación para poder cuantificar de forma precisa la concentración fenólica de los vinos, si no se incluyen en los modelos muestras de vinos tintos con diferentes evoluciones. En este proyecto se analizaron un total de 43 muestras de vino tinto de una misma región, que se exponen a un envejecimiento acelerado, se analizó la composición fenólica a través del tiempo mediante metodologías de espectrofotometría convencionales, y se construyeron modelos de predicción con diferentes eficiencias para los parámetros fenólicos analizados. El objetivo de este trabajo era evaluar la precisión de los modelos de predicción para cuantificar la concentración fenólica de vinos tintos sometidos a diferentes situaciones de envejecimiento. Los modelos construidos con muestras de vinos jóvenes y vinos envejecidos presentaron una mayor capacidad de predicción que los modelos construidos con muestras de vino joven únicamente., [EN] Phenolic compounds are vitally important bioactive substances in red wines due to the effect on their organoleptic attributes. These compounds play a crucial role in the color and mouthfeel of wines. Many chemical and enzymatic reactions that take place during the winemaking and aging of red wines involve phenolic compounds. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is a technique suitable for the analysis and quantification of phenolic compounds in wines, due to the phenolic ring's ability to absorb UV light and in some cases the colored nature of some compounds (absorption of visible light). Furthermore, this efficient technique simplifies the analytical methodology since only the measurement of the absorption spectrum of the wines is needed. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression to create prediction models. These prediction models may depreciate when trying to accurately quantify the phenolic concentration of wines, if red wines with different evolutions are not included in the models. In this project, a total of 43 red wine samples from the same region were analyzed, and exposed to accelerated aging. The phenolic composition over time using conventional spectrophotometry methodologies was obtained, and prediction models with different efficiencies were built for the phenolic parameters evaluated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction models to quantify the phenolic concentration of red wines subjected to different aging times. The models built with samples including young wines and aged wines presented better prediction accuracy than the models built with samples including only young wines.

This document is the unedited Author¿s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02141., [EN] The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the scientific production in global research on nanotechnology, integrating scientific production, funding of studies, collaborations between countries, and the most cited publications. The source for obtaining the research papers for our analysis was the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science. A total of 3546 documents were extracted during the period of 1997-2018. Food science & technology, chemistry (applied and analytical), spectroscopy, and agriculture appeared as the main areas where the articles were published. Most prolific and cited journals were Analytical Methods, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and Food Chemistry. The co-word analysis showed the relationships between "nanoparticles", which is the central word, and "silver nanoparticles", "delivery systems", and "zincnanoparticles". The most productive countries were China (1089 papers), the United States (523), Iran (427), and India (359). The main cited topics deal with the biomedical applications of nanoparticles, its synthesis from plants, and its applications in food science. The results highlight an important collaboration between institutions and countries. The availability of funding for research in nanotechnology was remarkable compared to other fields. The multidisciplinarity of the nanotechnology field is one of the main features as well as one of the central findings.

The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the scientific production in global research on nanotechnology, integrating scientific production, funding of studies, collaborations between countries, and the most cited publications. The source for obtaining the research papers for our analysis was the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science. A total of 3546 documents were extracted during the period of 1997–2018. Food science & technology, chemistry (applied and analytical), spectroscopy, and agriculture appeared as the main areas where the articles were published. Most prolific and cited journals were Analytical Methods, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and Food Chemistry. The co-word analysis showed the relationships between “nanoparticles”, which is the central word, and “silver nanoparticles”, “delivery systems”, and “zinc-nanoparticles”. The most productive countries were China (1089 papers), the United States (523), Iran (427), and India (359). The main cited topics deal with the biomedical applications of nanoparticles, its synthesis from plants, and its applications in food science. The results highlight an important collaboration between institutions and countries. The availability of funding for research in nanotechnology was remarkable compared to other fields. The multidisciplinarity of the nanotechnology field is one of the main features as well as one of the central findings.

[EN] The objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the scientific knowledge in global warming, as well as to investigate the evolution of the research knowledge through the published papers included in Web of Science database. A bibliometric and social network analyses was performed to obtain indicators of scientific productivity, impact and collaboration between researchers, institutions and countries. A subject analysis was also carried out taking into account the key words assigned to papers and subject areas of journals. A number of 1,672 articles were analysed since 2005 until 2014. The most productive journals were Journal of Climate (n = 95) and the most frequent keyword have been climate change (n = 722). The network of collaboration between countries shows the central position of the USA. Papers on the topic are published in a vast amount of journals from several subject categories. Keywords

[EN] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of canopy treatments on the aromatic composition and sensory qualities of Muscatel wines produced in the Valencia Region (Spain). The evaluation was conducted during 2008 and 2009 in an experimental field on vines in a vertical trellis system. The canopy treatments were made in the form of leaf removal and shoot topping using three different rootstocks (Couderc 3309, Paulsen 1103 and Ruggeri 140). The vine canopies of the control plants were given no treatment. Ripening was monitored by evaluating the content of soluble solids, total acidity and pH from veraison to harvest. 50 Kg grape samples were microvinificated, after which an evaluation was made of the aromatic composition and sensory attributes of the wines by gas chromatography. A sensory analysis was performed using a panel of wine expert tasters. The results of sugar accumulation in the grapes showed that leaf removal was the best canopy treatment in every plant rootstock. Lower yield was observed with both leaf removal and shoot topping. The highest concentration of aromatic compounds (acetates, alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids and monoterpenes) was found in wines made from the vines on Couderc 3309 rootstock who underwent to leaf removal and shoot topping. The wines from Couderc 3309 also obtained the highest scores in the sensory analysis. The wines from vines with leaf removal were the highest rated, while those from plants whose shoots had been topped were the lowest rated, regardless of the rootstock used.

The antioxidant nature and the significant role played by phenolic compounds in wine organoleptic properties place these molecules in the core of a significant amount of viticulture and oenology research. Despite the large amount of grape and wine phenolic research, the understanding of the phenolic chemistry and its role played on wine quality still remains inconclusive. Bibliometric studies are a valuable tool to provide a critical evaluation of the research status of a specified topic. The evaluation of quantitative methods is used to process measurable outcomes of research activity from articles published in scientific journals and included in databases. The main aim of this study was thus to provide a bibliometric approach on phenolic compounds with an exclusive focus on grape and wine phenolics from a strictly winegrowing and winemaking perspective. To evaluate the scientific structure in phenolic compounds a bibliometric search using the Web of Science Core Collection platform from Clarivate Analytics was evaluated. The critical evaluation of the results showed a significant effort made towards the understanding of the organoleptic role played by phenolic compounds. Despite a considerable amount of research currently available, it is foreseen that the research efforts will move towards a more complete interpretation of the astringency and bitterness phenomena. Furthermore, it can also be speculated that future research topics will point towards the comprehension of wine flavour compounds in which phenolic substances are also expected to play a crucial role.

We include several tables on research in probiotics, including the number of funded and unfunded published articles and the number of citations during the period under study (2009-2018); 1829 different journals; thematic areas of the journals in which the works were published; countries of publication and key words.

The main aim of this study was to analyse scientific and energy production, funding, collaboration among countries and most cited papers on the renewable energies topic through bibliometric and social network study of articles included in the Web of Science database. 12,167 papers were recovered from 2007 to 2016. Wind power is the energy from which a greater number of articles have been published (n = 3,930), followed by solar energy (n = 2,570) and ocean energy (n = 1,565). The United States leads the world production of articles (n = 2,320), followed by China (n = 1,629), the United Kingdom (n = 1007), Germany (n = 730) and Spain (n = 729). China is the leading country in financed works (80%), followed by South Korea (77%), Spain (61%) and the United States (59%). An important level of international collaboration has been identified, notably popping up the triangle made by United States, China and the European Union.

The central goal of this study was to analyze scientific trends in the research on probiotics, including the number of papers, funding, country collaborations, and most cited publications. The study makes use of bibliometric and social network analysis of papers included in the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science database. A total of 7221 papers were retrieved, from which 64% were funded papers. Papers were published in journals covering several areas, such as Food Science & Technology, Microbiology, Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Nutrition & Dietetics and Agriculture, and Dairy & Animal Science. Coword analysis shows the relationships between microorganisms, diseases, physiological phenomena, and other key words related to food, population, or type of study. The USA appeared as the world leader in the number of articles produced (n = 919), followed by China (n = 689), India (n = 633), and Brazil (n = 506). The most cited papers related to the consensus on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic, its effects on the prevention and treatment of some intestinal diseases, its effects on the suppression of immune disorders, the role of probiotics and prebiotics in obesity, the assessment of psychotropic-like properties, and the application for type 2 diabetes.

A bibliometric analysis of research articles published on water-use efficiency was performed using the Web of Science database and evaluated. Journal titles, publication years, subject categories, keywords and countries publishing were obtained. A number of 2077 papers were retrieved, two-thirds of them published in the last decade. The articles were published in 439 journals, with Agricultural Water Management, Agronomy Journal, Crop Science, Field Crops Research and Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences the most productive. Most of the leading productive journals have Impact Factors in the top quartiles of the Journal Citation Reports. Agronomy, Plant Sciences, Water Resources and Agriculture Multidisciplinary were the most common journal subject categories, indicating a wide diversity of research fields ascribed to this topic. The predominant key words and phrases used were growth, ‘carbon isotope discrimination’, yield, photosynthesis, ‘gas exchange’, evapotranspiration and ‘stomatal conductance’. The productivity ranking for countries was headed by China (456 papers), followed by the USA (410), Australia (176) and India (165). A content analysis of the papers made identification of the key issues of greatest scientific concern possible, as well as their evolution over time. The most cited papers relate to physiological aspects, but also important studies on experimental biology, drought resistance, effects of climate, crop production and ecology, among others.

The objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the scientific knowledge in global warming, as well as to investigate the evolution of the research knowledge through the published papers included in Web of Science database. A bibliometric and social network analyses was performed to obtain indicators of scientific productivity, impact and collaboration between researchers, institutions and countries. A subject analysis was also carried out taking into account the key words assigned to papers and subject areas of journals. A number of 1,672 articles were analysed since 2005 until 2014. The most productive journals were Journal of Climate (n = 95) and the most frequent keyword have been climate change (n = 722). The network of collaboration between countries shows the central position of the USA. Papers on the topic are published in a vast amount of journals from several subject categories.

[EN] Phenolic compounds play and important role on colour, flavour and mouthfeel attributes of wines. The acquisition of information related to phenolic compounds during the winemaking process is therefore becoming a necessity. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy appears as an affordable option to monitor phenolic composition and levels during winemaking. To investigate this, a large number of samples collected from industrial fermentations over two vintages as well as commercial wine samples, spanning a wide range of vintages, were analysed for phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methyl cellulose precipitable (MCP) tannins, anthocyanins, total phenols and colour density were also analysed. Partial least-squares (PLS) calibration models, based on UV-VIS spectra and reference measurements, were constructed and their performance evaluated in terms of the residual predictive deviation values. The accuracy and robustness of the calibrations were further evaluated by a combined test on slope and intercept, interclass correlation coefficients and standard error of measurement. Limit of detection and limit of quantification of the PLS models were also reported and evaluated. Furthermore, PLS models for an additional data set including 130 grape samples was also investigated for MCP tannins, anthocyanins, total phenols and colour density measurements. Phenolic compounds were extracted following two different protocols, namely wine-like and homogenate methods.

[EN] The wine industry requires reliable methods for the quantification of phenolic compounds during the winemaking process. Infrared spectroscopy appears as a suitable technique for process control and monitoring. The ability of Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR), attenuated total reflectance mid infrared (ATR-MIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies to predict compositional phenolic levels during red wine fermentation and aging was investigated. Prediction models containing a large number of samples collected over two vintages from several industrial fermenting tanks as well as wine samples covering a varying number of vintages were validated. FT-NIR appeared as the most accurate technique to predict the phenolic content. Although slightly less accurate models were observed, ATR-MIR and FT-IR can also be used for the prediction of the majority of phenolic measurements. Additionally, the slope and intercept test indicated a systematic error for the three spectroscopies which seems to be slightly more pronounced for HPLC generated phenolics data than for the spectrophotometric parameters. However, the results also showed that the predictions made with the three instruments are statistically comparable. The robustness of the prediction models was also investigated and discussed.

[ES] La poda y el aclareo tienen gran influencia sobre el rendimiento del viñedo, haciendo posible la obtención de vinos de mayor calidad. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de la poda y el aclareo sobre el contenido en compuestos fenólicos de los vinos tintos de Bobal elaborados con uvas procedentes de cepas con poda en corto de dos y cuatro varas y con o sin aclareo de racimos. Además de los parámetros característicos de los vinos, se determinaron los parámetros relacionados con los compuestos fenólicos, los índices de Glories por espectrofotometría, y las antocianidinas por HPLC. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto que el tipo de poda y el aclareo tienen una influencia significativa sobre el grado alcohólico, el pH, los azúcares reductores, la intensidad colorante, los taninos, y los índices de gelatina y DMACH. El vino obtenido a partir de cepas con dos varas y aclareo de racimos fue el que obtuvo la mejor relación suavidad/astringencia., [EN] Phenolic composition of Bobal red wines. Influence of pruning and thinning. Pruning and thinning have great influence on the performance of the vineyard, making it possible to obtain higher quality wines. In this work the influence of pruning and thinning on the phenolic compounds content of the red wines of Bobal elaborated with grapes from grapevine with short prunings of two and four branches and with or without thinning of clusters were studied. In addition to the characteristic parameters of the wines, parameters related to phenolic compounds, Glories indices by spectrophotometry, and anthocyanidins by HPLC were determined. The results showed that the type of pruning and thinning have a significant influence on alcoholic degree, pH, reducing sugars, color intensity, tannins, and gelatin and DMACH indices. The wine obtained from grapevines with two branches and thinning of clusters was the one that obtained the best relation smoothness/astringency.

[EN] The aim of the study was to make a bibliographic review on the improvement soil structure and enhance soil micro porosity in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Activate soil fauna, which will create aggregate structure, thus increase aeration, facilitate roots penetration and rise water-holding capacity of the soil. Introduce no-tillage techniques in order to decrease the effect of soil erosion and degradation of organic matter, caused by cultivation. The methods and techniques analysed were: ramial chipped wood (RCW), combination of the RCW and beans as a cover crop, control plot, cultivated and without cover crop. Following water state of the plant by analyses of predawn leaf water potential and stem leaf water potential. The conclusions of the study stated that techniques as RCW and cover cropping are able to activate soil fauna, which improves soil structure and contributes into increase of the soil organic matter. Comparing to the cultivated soil, enhanced soils where techniques were applied, positively affect the water state of the vine plant and decreases its stress under the hot Mediterranean climate.