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2. Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

Author

Ewers, Robert M., Orme, C. David L., Pearse, William D., Zulkifli, Nursyamin, Yvon-Durocher, Genevieve, Yusah, Kalsum M., Yoh, Natalie, Yeo, Darren C. J., Wong, Anna, Williamson, Joseph, Wilkinson, Clare L., Wiederkehr, Fabienne, Webber, Bruce L., Wearn, Oliver R., Wai, Leona, Vollans, Maisie, Twining, Joshua P., Turner, Edgar C., Tobias, Joseph A., Thorley, Jack, Telford, Elizabeth M., Teh, Yit Arn, Tan, Heok Hui, Swinfield, Tom, Svátek, Martin, Struebig, Matthew, Stork, Nigel, Sleutel, Jani, Slade, Eleanor M., Sharp, Adam, Shabrani, Adi, Sethi, Sarab S., Seaman, Dave J. I., Sawang, Anati, Roxby, Gabrielle Briana, Rowcliffe, J. Marcus, Rossiter, Stephen J., Riutta, Terhi, Rahman, Homathevi, Qie, Lan, Psomas, Elizabeth, Prairie, Aaron, Poznansky, Frederica, Pillay, Rajeev, Picinali, Lorenzo, Pianzin, Annabel, Pfeifer, Marion, Parrett, Jonathan M., Noble, Ciar D., Nilus, Reuben, Mustaffa, Nazirah, Mullin, Katherine E., Mitchell, Simon, Mckinlay, Amelia R., Maunsell, Sarah, Matula, Radim, Massam, Michael, Martin, Stephanie, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Maclean, Catherine S., Mackintosh, Emma, Luke, Sarah H., Lewis, Owen T., Layfield, Harry J., Lane-Shaw, Isolde, Kueh, Boon Hee, Kratina, Pavel, Konopik, Oliver, Kitching, Roger, Kinneen, Lois, Kemp, Victoria A., Jotan, Palasiah, Jones, Nick, Jebrail, Evyen W., Hroneš, Michal, Heon, Sui Peng, Hemprich-Bennett, David R., Haysom, Jessica K., Harianja, Martina F., Hardwick, Jane, Gregory, Nichar, Gray, Ryan, Gray, Ross E. J., Granville, Natasha, Gill, Richard, Fraser, Adam, Foster, William A., Folkard-Tapp, Hollie, Fletcher, Robert J., Fikri, Arman Hadi, Fayle, Tom M., Faruk, Aisyah, Eggleton, Paul, Edwards, David P., Drinkwater, Rosie, Dow, Rory A., Döbert, Timm F., Didham, Raphael K., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Deere, Nicolas J., de Lorm, Tijmen, Dawood, Mahadimenakbar M., Davison, Charles W., Davies, Zoe G., Davies, Richard G., Dančák, Martin, Cusack, Jeremy, Clare, Elizabeth L., Chung, Arthur, Chey, Vun Khen, Chapman, Philip M., Cator, Lauren, Carpenter, Daniel, Carbone, Chris, Calloway, Kerry, Bush, Emma R., Burslem, David F. R. P., Brown, Keiron D., Brooks, Stephen J., Brasington, Ella, Brant, Hayley, Boyle, Michael J. W., Both, Sabine, Blackman, Joshua, Bishop, Tom R., Bicknell, Jake E., Bernard, Henry, Basrur, Saloni, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Barclay, Holly, Atton, Georgina, Ancrenaz, Marc, Aldridge, David C., Daniel, Olivia Z., Reynolds, Glen, and Banks-Leite, Cristina

Published
2024
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4. The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope -- III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy

Author

Albert, Loic, Lafreniere, David, Doyon, Rene, Artigau, Etienne, Volk, Kevin, Goudfrooij, Paul, Martel, Andre R., Radica, Michael, Rowe, Jason, Espinoza, Nestor, Roy, Arpita, Filippazzo, Joseph C., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Talens, Geert Jan, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Willott, Chris J., Fullerton, Alexander W., LaMassa, Stephanie, Hutchings, John B., Rowlands, Neil, Vila, M. Begona, Zhou, Julia, Aldridge, David, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Cook, Neil J., Piaulet, Caroline, Roy, Pierre-Alexis, Lamontagne, Pierrot, Morel, Kim, Frost, William, Salhi, Salma, Coulombe, Louis-Philippe, Benneke, Bjorn, MacDonald, Ryan J., Johnstone, Doug, Turner, Jake D., Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou, Allart, Romain, and Kaltenegger, Lisa

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) contribution to the suite of four science instruments of JWST. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8 um at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25 um using a slit-less cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as J=6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based Commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2 um. The first time-series on the A-type star BD+60o1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on 40-minute time-scales after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/f noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of a HAT-P-14b transit time-series indicates that it is difficult to remove all the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanet science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants., Comment: 41 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication in PASP

Published
2023
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5. The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope -- I. Instrument Overview and in-Flight Performance

Author

Doyon, Rene, Willott, C. J, Hutchings, John B., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Albert, Loic, Lafreniere, David, Rowlands, Neil, Vila, M. Begona, Martel, Andre R., LaMassa, Stephanie, Aldridge, David, Artigau, Etienne, Cameron, Peter, Chayer, Pierre, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, Rachel A., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Dupuis, Jean, Earnshaw, Colin, Espinoza, Nestor, Filippazzo, Joseph C., Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaudreau, Daniel, Gawlik, Roman, Goudfrooij, Paul, Haley, Craig, Kammerer, Jens, Kendall, David, Lambros, Scott D., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Maszkiewicz, Michael, McColgan, Ashley, Morishita, Takahiro, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Pacifici, Camilla, Philippi, Natasha, Radica, Michael, Ravindranath, Swara, Rowe, Jason, Roy, Arpita, Saad, Karl, Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Talens, Geert Jan, Thatte, Deepashri, Taylor, Joanna M., Vandal, Thomas, Volk, Kevin, Wander, Michel, Warner, Gerald, Zheng, Sheng-Hai, Zhou, Julia, Abraham, Roberto, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Benneke, Bjorn, Ferrarese, Laura, Johnstone, Doug, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Meyer, Michael R., Pipher, Judy L., Rameau, Julien, Rieke, Marcia, Salhi, Salma, and Sawicki, Marcin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the science module of the Canadian-built Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NIRISS has four observing modes: 1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, 2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy (WFSS) at a resolving power of $\sim$150 between 0.8 and 2.2 $\mu$m, 3) single-object cross-dispersed slitless spectroscopy (SOSS) enabling simultaneous wavelength coverage between 0.6 and 2.8 $\mu$m at R$\sim$700, a mode optimized for exoplanet spectroscopy of relatively bright ($J<6.3$) stars and 4) aperture masking interferometry (AMI) between 2.8 and 4.8 $\mu$m enabling high-contrast ($\sim10^{-3}-10^{-4}$) imaging at angular separations between 70 and 400 milliarcsec for relatively bright ($M<8$) sources. This paper presents an overview of the NIRISS instrument, its design, its scientific capabilities, and a summary of in-flight performance. NIRISS shows significantly better response shortward of $\sim2.5\,\mu$m resulting in 10-40% sensitivity improvement for broadband and low-resolution spectroscopy compared to pre-flight predictions. Two time-series observations performed during instrument commissioning in the SOSS mode yield very stable spectro-photometry performance within $\sim$10% of the expected noise. The first space-based companion detection of the tight binary star AB Dor AC through AMI was demonstrated.

Published
2023

6. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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9. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Rigby, Jane, Perrin, Marshall, McElwain, Michael, Kimble, Randy, Friedman, Scott, Lallo, Matt, Doyon, René, Feinberg, Lee, Ferruit, Pierre, Glasse, Alistair, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wright, Gillian, Willott, Chris, Colon, Knicole, Milam, Stefanie, Neff, Susan, Stark, Christopher, Valenti, Jeff, Abell, Jim, Abney, Faith, Abul-Huda, Yasin, Acton, D. Scott, Adams, Evan, Adler, David, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ahmed, Nasif, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Marsha, Altenburg, Martin, Marquez, Javier Alvarez, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Andersen, Greg, Anderson, Harry, Anderson, Sara, Argyriou, Ioannis, Armstrong, Amber, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Etienne, Arvai, Amanda, Atkinson, Charles, Bacon, Gregory, Bair, Thomas, Banks, Kimberly, Barrientes, Jaclyn, Barringer, Bruce, Bartosik, Peter, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Beatty, Thomas, Bechtold, Katie, Beck, Tracy, Bergeron, Eddie, Bergkoetter, Matthew, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Birkmann, Stephan, Blazek, Ronald, Blome, Claire, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boeker, Torsten, Boia, John, Bonaventura, Nina, Bond, Nicholas, Bosley, Kari, Boucarut, Ray, Bourque, Matthew, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Bradley, Larry, Brady, Greg, Braun, Hannah, Breda, David, Bresnahan, Pamela, Bright, Stacey, Britt, Christopher, Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian, Brooks, Keira, Brown, Bob, Brown, Matthew, Brown, Patricia, Bunker, Andy, Burger, Matthew, Bushouse, Howard, Cale, Steven, Cameron, Alex, Cameron, Peter, Canipe, Alicia, Caplinger, James, Caputo, Francis, Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Carniani, Stefano, Carrasquilla, Maria, Carruthers, Margaret, Case, Michael, Catherine, Riggs, Chance, Don, Chapman, George, Charlot, Stéphane, Charlow, Brian, Chayer, Pierre, Chen, Bin, Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah, Chilton, Zack, Chonis, Taylor, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles, Clark, Kerry, Coe, Dan, Coleman, Benee, Comber, Brian, Comeau, Tom, Connolly, Dennis, Cooper, James, Cooper, Rachel, Coppock, Eric, Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Coulais, Alain, Coyle, Laura, Cracraft, Misty, Curti, Mirko, Cuturic, Steven, Davis, Katherine, Davis, Michael, Dean, Bruce, DeLisa, Amy, deMeester, Wim, Dencheva, Nadia, Dencheva, Nadezhda, DePasquale, Joseph, Deschenes, Jeremy, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa, Dicken, Dan, DiFelice, Audrey, Dillman, Matthew, Dixon, William, Doggett, Jesse, Donaldson, Tom, Douglas, Rob, DuPrie, Kimberly, Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Easmin, Nilufar, Eck, Weston, Edeani, Chinwe, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, Eisenhower, Michael, Elie, Michelle, Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle, Ellis, Tracy, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Nestor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Falini, Patrick, Feeney, Matthew, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph, Fincham, Brian, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Florian, Michael, Flynn, Jim, Fontanella, Erin, Ford, Terrance, Forshay, Peter, Fox, Ori, Franz, David, Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander, Galkin, Sergey, Galyer, Anthony, Marin, Macarena Garcia, Gardner, Jonathan, Gardner, Lisa, Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce, Gasman, Danny, Gaspar, Andras, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul, Gennaro, Mario, Giardino, Giovanna, Girard, Julien, Giuliano, Mark, Glassmire, Kirk, Glauser, Adrian, Glazer, Stuart, Godfrey, John, Golimowski, David, Gollnitz, David, Gong, Fan, Gonzaga, Shireen, Gordon, Michael, Gordon, Karl, Goudfrooij, Paul, Greene, Thomas, Greenhouse, Matthew, Grimaldi, Stefano, Groebner, Andrew, Grundy, Timothy, Guillard, Pierre, Gutman, Irvin, Ha, Kong Q., Haderlein, Peter, Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest, Hammel, Heidi, Hansen, Carl, Harkins, Tom, Harr, Michael, Hart, Jessica, Hart, Quyen, Hartig, George, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee, Hathaway, William, Havey, Keith, Hayden, Brian, Hecht, Karen, Heller-Boyer, Chris, Henriques, Caroline, Henry, Alaina, Hermann, Karl, Hernandez, Scarlin, Hesman, Brigette, Hicks, Brian, Hilbert, Bryan, Hines, Dean, Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie, Holler, Bryan J., Hoppa, Jennifer, Hott, Kyle, Howard, Joseph, Howard, Rick, Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David, Hurst, Brendan, Husemann, Bernd, Hustak, Leah, Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra, Jackson, Wallace, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, LeAndrea, James, Bryan, Januszewski, William, Jenkins, Ann, Jirdeh, Hussein, Johnson, Phillip, Johnson, Timothy, Jones, Vicki, Jones, Ron, Jones, Danny, Jones, Olivia, Jordan, Ian, Jordan, Margaret, Jurczyk, Sarah, Jurling, Alden, Kaleida, Catherine, Kalmanson, Phillip, Kammerer, Jens, Kang, Huijo, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane, Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelly, Doug, Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert, Kenny, Deborah, Keski-kuha, Ritva, Keyes, Charles, Kidwell, Richard, Kinzel, Wayne, Kirk, Jeff, Kirkpatrick, Mark, Kirshenblat, Danielle, Klaassen, Pamela, Knapp, Bryan, Knight, J. Scott, Knollenberg, Perry, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton, Kovacs, Aiden, Kulp, Trey, Kumari, Nimisha, Kyprianou, Mark, La Massa, Stephanie, Labador, Aurora, Ortega, Alvaro Labiano, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe, Lallo, Matthew, Lam, May, Lamb, Tracy, Lambros, Scott, Lampenfield, Richard, Langston, James, Larson, Kirsten, Law, David, Lawrence, Jon, Lee, David, Leisenring, Jarron, Lepo, Kelly, Leveille, Michael, Levenson, Nancy, Levine, Marie, Levy, Zena, Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Hannah, Libralato, Mattia, Lightsey, Paul, Link, Miranda, Liu, Lily, Lo, Amy, Lockwood, Alexandra, Logue, Ryan, Long, Chris, Long, Douglas, Loomis, Charles, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, Lucy, Adrian, Luetzgendorf, Nora, Maghami, Peiman, Maiolino, Roberto, Major, Melissa, Malla, Sunita, Malumuth, Eliot, Manjavacas, Elena, Mannfolk, Crystal, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André, Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory, Masciarelli, Michaela, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Mather, John, McKenzie, Kenny, McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, Melbourne, Katie, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael, Merz, Kaiya, Meyett, Michele, Meza, Luis, Miskey, Cherie, Misselt, Karl, Moller, Christopher, Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie, Moseley, Harvey, Mosier, Gary, Mountain, Matt, Mueckay, Julio, Mueller, Michael, Mullally, Susan, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine, Murray, Claire, Mustelier, David, Muzerolle, James, Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nanavati, Shashvat, Nance, Elizabeth, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Nelan, Edmund, Nickson, Bryony, Nielson, Alethea, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, O'Shaughnessy, Brian, O'Sullivan, Brian, Ochs, William, Ogle, Patrick, Oleszczuk, Brenda, Olmsted, Joseph, Osborne, Shannon, Ottens, Richard, Owens, Beverly, Pacifici, Camilla, Pagan, Alyssa, Page, James, Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith, Patapis, Polychronis, Paul, Lee, Pauly, Tyler, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, Pedder, Andrew, Peek, Matthew, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, Pennanen, Konstantin, Perez, Yesenia, Perna, Michele, Perriello, Beth, Phillips, Kevin, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph, Piwowar, Aidan, Platais, Vera, Player, Danielle, Plesha, Rachel, Pollizi, Joe, Polster, Ethan, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porterfield, Blair, Proffitt, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Pulliam, Christine, Quirt, Brian, Neira, Irma Quispe, Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Ramsay, Leah, Rapp, Greg, Rapp, Robert, Rauscher, Bernard, Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Regan, Michael, Reichard, Timothy A., Reis, Carl, Ressler, Michael E., Rest, Armin, Reynolds, Paul, Rhue, Timothy, Richon, Karen, Rickman, Emily, Ridgaway, Michael, Ritchie, Christine, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory, Robinson, Michael, Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank, Rodriguez, David, Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott, Roman, Anthony, Romelfanger, Fred, Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony, Roth, Marc, Rothwell, Braden, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Royle, Patricia, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Runnels, Joel, Russ, Melissa, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Ryden, Grant, Ryer, Holly, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatke, Derek, Sabbi, Elena, Samuelson, Bridget, Sapp, Benjamin, Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B., Sauer, Arne, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schlawin, Everett, Schlitz, Joseph, Schmitz, Tyler, Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schulze, Vonessa, Schwab, Ryan, Scott, John, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard, Shawger, Nanci, Shay, Christopher, Sheehan, Evan, Shen, Sharon, Sherman, Allan, Shiao, Bernard, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, Sing, David, Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Skipper, Joy, Sloan, Gregory, Slocum, Christine, Slowinski, Steven, Smith, Erin, Smith, Eric, Smith, Denise, Smith, Corbett, Snyder, Gregory, Soh, Warren, Sohn, Tony, Soto, Christian, Spencer, Richard, Stallcup, Scott, Stansberry, John, Starr, Carl, Starr, Elysia, Stewart, Alphonso, Stiavelli, Massimo, Straughn, Amber, Strickland, David, Stys, Jeff, Summers, Francis, Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Ben, Swade, Daryl, Swam, Michael, Swaters, Robert, Swoish, Robby, Taylor, Joanna M., Taylor, Rolanda, Plate, Maurice Te, Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly, Telfer, Randal, Temim, Tea, Thatte, Deepashri, Thompson, Christopher, Thompson, Linda, Thomson, Shaun, Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tippet, William, Todd, Connor, Toolan, Sharon, Tran, Hien, Trejo, Edwin, Truong, Justin, Tsukamoto, Chris, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael, Van Campen, Julie, Vandal, Thomas, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vila, Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Wahlgren, Glenn, Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine, Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Matthew, Watkins, Mitchell, Weaver, Andrew, Weilert, Mark, Weiser, Nick, Weiss, Ben, Weissman, Sarah, Welty, Alan, West, Garrett, Wheate, Lauren, Wheatley, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Thomas, White, Rick, Whiteaker, Kevin, Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer, Whitman, William, Williams, Christina, Willmer, Christopher, Willoughby, Scott, Wilson, Andrew, Wirth, Gregory, Wislowski, Emily, Wolf, Erin, Wolfe, David, Wolff, Schuyler, Workman, Bill, Wright, Ray, Wu, Carl, Wu, Rai, Wymer, Kristen, Yates, Kayla, Yeager, Christopher, Yeates, Jared, Yerger, Ethan, Yoon, Jinmi, Young, Alice, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean, Zeidler, Peter, Zhou, Julia, Zielinski, Thomas, Zincke, Cristian, and Zonak, Stephanie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293

Published
2022
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11. Meta-Reflexivity and Teacher Professionalism: Facilitating Multiparadigmatic Teacher Education to Achieve a Future-Proof Profession

Author

Cramer, Colin, Brown, Chris, and Aldridge, David

Abstract

The present work discusses the relevance of "meta-reflexivity," both for the professionalization of the teaching profession and for teacher education. Meta-reflexivity is based on the multiparadigmatic system of teacher education, which finds itself grounded in diverse scientific disciplines. The approach takes uncertainty as an essential element characterizing the act of teaching. Inherent rationales of specific theories and empirical findings are made explicit, thus creating a referential framework for situation-specific interpretations and professional action. Based on a theoretical reconstruction, we propose meta-reflexivity as an essential element of pedagogic practice and, consequently, teacher professionalism. Such professionalism is characterized by teachers being able to undertake exemplary-typifying interpretations of situations, based on a deep understanding of multiple approaches. While assessing specific situations in school, a teacher can refer to these interpretations. Possible principles of a meta-reflexive teacher education are proposed that can potentially enrich the practice of teacher education for a future-proof profession.

Published
2023
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12. Palaeontological signatures of the Anthropocene are distinct from those of previous epochs

Author

Williams, Mark, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Barnosky, Anthony D., Leinfelder, Reinhold, Head, Martin J., Waters, Colin N., McCarthy, Francine M.G., Cearreta, Alejandro, Aldridge, David C., McGann, Mary, Hamilton, Paul B., Summerhayes, Colin P., Syvitski, Jaia, Zinke, Jens, Cundy, Andrew B., Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara, McNeill, J.R., Kuwae, Michinobu, Rose, Neil L., Turner, Simon D., Saito, Yoshiki, Wagreich, Michael, Stegner, M. Allison, Yasuhara, Moriaki, Han, Yongming, Wrisdale, Amy, Holmes, Rachael, and Berrio, Juan Carlos

Published
2024
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18. Remembrance Day Practices in Schools: Meaning-Making in Social Memory during the First World War Centenary

Author

Haight, Annie, Wright, Susannah, Aldridge, David, and Alexander, Patrick

Abstract

Each November, commemoration of the First World War armistice (and subsequent military events and conflicts) is almost ubiquitous in UK schools and has been given increased importance during the centenary years of the First World War. Yet as seemingly isolated occasions outside the regular curriculum, school practices of remembrance, and the understandings and perceptions surrounding them, have been subject to surprisingly little scrutiny. The Remembrance in Schools project (2013-19) investigates armistice commemoration in primary and secondary schools in three counties in southern England. This paper considers the theorisation of public commemorative rituals and relates this to teachers' reports of school-based events. It analyses teachers' accounts and perceptions, from survey and interview data, of the ways in which the First World War and subsequent conflicts are remembered, presented and discussed through school commemoration events. We conclude that such events mirror the 'social technologies' of public remembrance rituals. However, behind almost ubiquitous practices (the two-minute silence) and symbols (the poppy), these accounts reveal nuanced variations in teachers' views of the knowledge and values children gain from armistice commemoration in schools. These variations are inflected by individual schools' histories, community contexts, and pupil demographics, as well as teachers' own histories, values and ideals.

Published
2021
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19. Declines in Freshwater Mussels and Loss of Mussel–Invertebrate Interactions in the Subtropical Waterbodies of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Author

Ollard, Isobel, Aldridge, David C., Jannat, Fatima, and Chowdhury, Gawsia W.

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are a globally threatened taxon, but little is known about population trajectories for species outside Europe and North America. To contribute to understanding of mussel conservation status outside these regions, we surveyed mussel and other invertebrate populations in waterbodies across Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess population trends and the role of mussels in structuring benthic communities.We found that mussel populations in Dhanmondi Lake, our focal waterbody, have declined in density by approximately 90% between 2010 and 2023. Lamellidens marginalis declined by 90.8% from an average density of 47.9 ± SE 7.1 mussels 0.25 m−2 in 2010 to 4.4 ± SE 0.7 mussels 0.25 m−2 in 2023, while Indonaia caerulea declined by 89.4% from an average density of 6.6 ± SE 1.0 mussels 0.25 m−2 in 2010 to 0.7 ± SE 0.1 mussels 0.25 m−2 in 2023.Previously detected associations between mussels and other invertebrate taxa, and between mussels and community composition, have been lost. Non‐mussel invertebrates have also declined significantly, with an average decrease in abundance of 27%, alongside decreases in family richness and Shannon‐Wiener diversity. These declines occurred despite apparent improvements in water quality.Findings from other waterbodies across Dhaka also suggest the loss of mussel species including L. marginalis, I. caerulea and Parreysia corrugata from some locations, as well as the presence of the non‐native mussel Pilsbryoconcha exilis at river sites.Our results reflect a wider, global pattern of enigmatic declines in freshwater mussels and the possible loss of associated ecosystem functioning, which may be going unnoticed in less‐studied areas including the subtropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Freshwater Mussel (Unio pictorum) Shells Reveal Hydrological and Environmental Change From 1300 BC to the Present Day.

Author

Ollard, Isobel, Ballantyne, Rachel, and Aldridge, David C.

Subjects
BIOTIC communities, SEASHELLS, FRESHWATER mussels, STABLE isotopes, PALEOECOLOGY
Abstract

Preserved biological communities can provide baseline data about the historical ecosystems and environmental conditions that preceded recent anthropogenic alteration. Freshwater mussel shells show particularly good preservation, and the shell assemblages commonly found during archaeological excavations can offer insights into past ecosystems. We studied assemblages of Unio pictorum mussel shells from palaeochannel silts associated with the Late Bronze Age site of Must Farm in eastern England (c. 850 BC), on an ancient tributary of the modern‐day River Nene. We compared archaeological shells from two sediment horizons (broadly 1300–700 BC) to live individuals collected from two analogous sites on the present‐day Nene. Size and growth rate, interannual growth variability and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) composition were compared between the populations. Size and the von Bertalanffy growth parameter L∞ differed among all four populations. Mean lengths and L∞ were higher in the two modern populations (mean lengths 77.3 ± SE 0.8 and 73.8 ± SE 1.1 mm, L∞ 91.8 ± 5.4 and 79.0 ± 8.1 mm) than the ancient populations (mean lengths 58.1 ± SE 1.6 mm and 68.4 ± SE 0.9 mm; L∞ 71.5 ± 16.9 and 76.8 ± 6.2 mm). Modern individuals also showed greater variation in age‐corrected year‐to‐year growth. δ13C was lower in modern shells (−11.8‰ for modern shells, −9.03‰ and −9.02‰ for ancient shell populations), potentially reflecting altered hydrological and nutrient regimes. δ18O and δ13C were positively correlated for all but one sampled ancient shell, but not modern shells. These results reflect changes in local environmental conditions, particularly the transition from a shallow, slow‐flowing tributary to a deeper, canalised river with faster flow, as well as effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. The findings demonstrate the importance of long‐term data in studying anthropogenic ecosystem alteration and avoiding shifting baseline syndrome in conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Religious Literacy: A Way Forward for Religious Education?

Author

Hannam, Patricia, Biesta, Gert, Whittle, Sean, and Aldridge, David

Abstract

In this paper, the central findings of a research project into religious literacy are presented. This project sought to answer the question as to whether or not religious literacy can be a way forward for religious education (RE). Starting with the idea of 'literacy', dominant approaches religious literacy in the literature are examined. An educational argument is developed, building on a definition of literacy in relation as being an effective navigation of a domain. At this point, a question is raised about whether domains should be accepted as they are, or whether education needs also to work with students on the ability to raise critical questions about how domains are defined and policed. This moves the discussion from functional literacy towards critical literacy; highlighting the political dimension of literacy. By way of conclusion, we consider what all this means for RE, and whether or not religious literacy can offer a way forward for RE.

Published
2020
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22. Seismic equivalents of volcanic jet scaling laws and multipoles in acoustics

Author

Haney, Matthew M, Matoza, Robin S, Fee, David, and Aldridge, David F

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Acoustic properties, Volcano seismology, Explosive volcanism, Volcano monitoring, Geology, Geomatic Engineering, Geochemistry & Geophysics, Geomatic engineering
Published
2018

25. A solution scan of societal options to reduce transmission and spread of respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 as a case study

Author

Sutherland, William J., Taylor, Nigel G., Aldridge, David C., Martin, Philip, Rhodes, Catherine, Shackelford, Gorm, Beard, Simon, Belfield, Haydn, Bladon, Andrew J., Brick, Cameron, Christie, Alec P., Dobson, Andrew P., Downey, Harriet, Hood, Amelia S.C., Hua, Fangyuan, Hughes, Alice C., Jarvis, Rebecca M., MacFarlane, Douglas, Morgan, William H., Mupepele, Anne-Christine, Marciniak, Stefan J., Nelson, Cassidy, Ó hÉigeartaigh, Seán, Rios Rojas, Clarissa, Sainsbury, Katherine A., Smith, Rebecca K., Sundaram, Lalitha S., Thornton, Ann, Watkins, John, White, Thomas B., Willott, Kate, and Petrovan, Silviu O.

Published
2021
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29. The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs

Author

Böhm, Monika, Dewhurst-Richman, Nadia I., Seddon, Mary, Ledger, Sophie E. H., Albrecht, Christian, Allen, David, Bogan, Arthur E., Cordeiro, Jay, Cummings, Kevin S., Cuttelod, Annabelle, Darrigran, Gustavo, Darwall, Will, Fehér, Zoltán, Gibson, Claudine, Graf, Daniel L., Köhler, Frank, Lopes-Lima, Manuel, Pastorino, Guido, Perez, Kathryn E., Smith, Kevin, van Damme, Dirk, Vinarski, Maxim V., von Proschwitz, Ted, von Rintelen, Thomas, Aldridge, David C., Aravind, Neelavar A., Budha, Prem B., Clavijo, Cristhian, Van Tu, Do, Gargominy, Olivier, Ghamizi, Mohamed, Haase, Martin, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Johnson, Paul D., Kebapçı, Ümit, Lajtner, Jasna, Lange, Charles N., Lepitzki, Dwayne A.W., Martínez-Ortí, Alberto, Moorkens, Evelyn A., Neubert, Eike, Pollock, Caroline M., Prié, Vincent, Radea, Canella, Ramirez, Rina, Ramos, Marian A., Santos, Sonia B., Slapnik, Rajko, Son, Mikhail O., Stensgaard, Anna-Sofie, and Collen, Ben

Published
2021
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31. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author

Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, Francois, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, Francois, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura-Pascual, Núria

Abstract

Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales. Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs). We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios. We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives. Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developing independent b

Published
2024
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32. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà Planella, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, García-Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà Planella, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, García-Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.

Abstract

Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.

Published
2024

33. A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author

Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia-Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Roura-Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González-Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia-Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.

Abstract

Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social-ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.

Published
2024
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34. A scenario‐guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions

Author

Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia‐Lozano, Carla, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Rutting, Lucas, Peterson, Garry D., Latombe, Guillaume, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Diaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, Golivets, Marina, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Hall, Marcus, Kutlesa, Petra, Lenzner, Bernd, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Leung, Brian, Garcia‐Lozano, Carla, and Jeschke, Jonathan M.

Abstract

Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social–ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.

Published
2024

35. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author

Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura‐Pascual, Núria, Pérez‐Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo‐Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González‐Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura‐Pascual, Núria

Abstract

1. Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales. 2. Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs). 3. We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios. 4. We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives. 5. Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developin

Published
2024

36. Remembrance and ritual in English schools

Author

Alexander, Patrick, Wright, Susannah, Aldridge, David, Haight, Annie, Alexander, Patrick, Wright, Susannah, Aldridge, David, and Haight, Annie

Abstract

This article explores war remembrance and ritual in English schools. The Remembrance in Schools project (2013–2020) investigated remembrance practices in schools in England through questionnaires, interviews and observations. Schools are unique as sites of remembrance because children constitute the majority of participants in rituals. School-based rituals of remembrance might potentially reproduce dominant discourses of war-normalisation that conflate military values and nationalism with morally ‘good’ values and an imagined community of the nation. They also provide a contested, ambivalent space in which ambiguities of practice and thinking may encourage the emergence, in small ways, of counter-narratives about war and its remembrance.

Published
2024

37. European scenarios for future biological invasions

Author

Environmental Governance, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, Roura-Pascual, Núria, Environmental Governance, Pérez-Granados, Cristian, Lenzner, Bernd, Golivets, Marina, Saul, Wolf Christian, Jeschke, Jonathan M., Essl, Franz, Peterson, Garry D., Rutting, Lucas, Latombe, Guillaume, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bacher, Sven, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Brotons, Lluís, Díaz, François, Gallardo, Belinda, Genovesi, Piero, González-Moreno, Pablo, Kühn, Ingolf, Kutleša, Petra, Leung, Brian, Liu, Chunlong, Pagitz, Konrad, Pastor, Teresa, Pauchard, Aníbal, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Robertson, Peter, Roy, Helen E., Seebens, Hanno, Solarz, Wojciech, Starfinger, Uwe, Tanner, Rob, Vilà, Montserrat, and Roura-Pascual, Núria

Published
2024

38. Education's Love Triangle

Author

Aldridge, David

Abstract

It has been acknowledged that education includes 'a love of what one teaches and a love of those whom one teaches' (Hogan 2010: 81), but two traditions of writing in philosophy of education--concerning love for student and love for subject--have rarely been brought together. This paper considers the extent to which the 'triangular' relationship of teacher, student and subject matter runs the risk of the rivalry, jealousy and strife that are characteristic of 'tragic' love triangles, or entails undesirable consequences such as transference from one intended object of love to another. It argues that this faultline in the literature of educational love corresponds to education's 'divided heart'. The implication of this exploration of education's triangular relationship is that we cannot ignore the 'dark of love', nor can we address it simply by asserting that educational love must be of a more honourable sort than romantic love. These tensions can be reconciled through the loving recourse of 'ceasing to strive' and the possibility of sublimating the two originary loves into a higher 'love of truth'.

Published
2019
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39. Reading, Engagement and Higher Education

Author

Aldridge, David

Abstract

This article explores the close association between higher education and reading. I draw on the resources of literary studies to illuminate the phenomenon of educational 'engagement'. I explore the accounts of reading offered in the phenomenological literary theory of Rita Felski and Marielle Macé and extend their 'stylistics of existence' into higher education to elaborate engagement's 'eventful' character: it is not in the power of teacher or student to 'bring about' engagement. In place of pedagogical 'method', I demonstrate how Padraig Hogan's treatment of education as the 'courtship of sensibility' is consistent with this phenomenological treatment of engagement. I am thus able to illustrate how engagement is in tension with instrumental approaches to teaching and learning. I conclude by offering an ethical relation of mutual belonging to subject matter as a corrective to the centrality of 'knowledge' in recent attempts to unify the different degrees and objects of engagement.

Published
2019
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40. Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Author

Ricciardi, Anthony, Iacarella, Josephine C., Aldridge, David C., Blackburn, Tim M., Carlton, James T., Catford, Jane A., Dick, Jaimie T.A., Hulme, Philip E., Jeschke, Jonathan M., Liebhold, Andrew M., Lockwood, Julie L., Maclsaac, Hugh J., Meyerson, Laura A., Pysek, Petr, Richardson, David M., Ruiz, Gregory M., Simberloff, Daniel, Vila, Montserrat, and Wardle, David A.

Subjects
Invasion ecology -- Research, Ecological research -- Methods -- Forecasts and trends, Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Environmental issues
Abstract

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors-particularly involving climate change--on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing. Key words: biosecurity, climate change, ecological impact, invasive species, management, risk assessment. Les taux sans precedent d'introduction et de propagation d'especes non indigenes posent des defis croissants a la biodiversite, a la gestion des ressources naturelles, aux economies regionales et a la sante humaine. Les efforts actuels en matiere de biosecurite ne parviennent pas a suivre le rythme de la mondialisation, revelant des lacunes critiques dans notre comprehension et notre reponse face aux invasions. Les auteurs identifient ici quatre domaines prioritaires permettant de faire progresser la science des invasions face aux changements environnementaux mondiaux rapides. Premierement, la science des invasions devrait s'efforcer de developper un cadre plus complet pour predire comment le comportement, l'abondance et les interactions interspecifiques des especes non indigenes varient en fonction des conditions des environnements recepteurs et comment ces facteurs regissent les impacts ecologiques des invasions. Une deuxieme priorite consiste a comprendre les effets synergiques potentiels de multiples facteurs de stress concomitants--notamment les changements climatiques--sur l'etablissement et l'impact des especes non indigenes. Les strategies d'adaptation au climat et d'attenuation devront tenir compte des consequences possibles de la promotion des especes non indigenes, et des reponses de gestion appropriees aux especes non indigenes devront etre elaborees. La troisieme priorite est de s'attaquer a l'obstacle taxonomique. La capacite a detecter et a evaluer les risques d'invasion est compromise par un deficit croissant de competences taxonomiques, qui ne peut etre compense de maniere adequate par les nouvelles technologies moleculaires seules. La gestion des risques de biosecurite deviendra de plus en plus difficile a moins que les universites, l'industrie et les gouvernements forment et emploient du nouveau personnel dans les domaines de la taxonomie et de la systematique. Quatriemement, nous recommandons que les strategies de cooperation internationale en matiere de biosecurite tiennent compte des effets de tete de pont des reseaux de dispersion mondiaux, dans lesquels des organismes ont tendance a envahir de nouvelles regions a partir d'endroits ou ils sont deja etablis. La cooperation entre les pays pour eradiquer ou controler les especes etablies dans les regions de tete de pont devrait donner de meilleurs resultats que les tentatives independantes de chaque pays pour empecher ces especes d'arriver et de s'etablir. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: biosecurite, changements climatiques, impact ecologique, especes envahissantes, gestion, evaluation des risques., 1. Introduction Invasion science--the systematic investigation of the causes and consequences of biological invasions--is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field. Its explosive growth over the past few decades mirrors societal concern [...]

Published
2021
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47. Catching crabs: a case study in local-scale English conservation

Author

Pearse, William D., Green, Helen K., and Aldridge, David

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Wells-next-the-Sea and Cromer in Norfolk (England) both rely upon their local crab populations, since crabbing (gillying) is a major part of their tourist industry. Compared to a control site with no crabbing, crabs from Wells harbour and Cromer pier were found to have nearly six times the amount of limb damage. Crabs caught by the general public had more injuries than crabs caught in controlled conditions, suggesting the buckets in which the crabs were kept were to blame. Since there is much evidence that such injuries have negative impacts on the survival and reproductive success of the shore crab, this is taken as evidence of non-lethal injury from humans having a population-level effect on these animals. Questionnaire data demonstrated a public lack of awareness and want for information, which was then used to obtain funding to produce a leaflet campaign informing the public of how to crab responsibly. All data collected is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.979288.

Published
2014

50. Cheating Education and the Insertion of Knowledge

Author

Aldridge, David

Abstract

This article by David Aldridge concerns the promise of knowledge "insertion." The promise can be elucidated as follows: knowledge could be inserted by a less time-consuming (and possibly in many senses less expensive) technological process than traditional learning, whereby, for example, some relatively swift procedure of implanting or more radically transforming the structure of the brain could save its subject the trouble of spending several years studying for a university degree. Such a promise, if coherent and realizable, would certainly count as an instance of "cheating education" in that it would appear to circumvent or evade the learning process. Here, Aldridge develops a phenomenological account of knowing that emphasizes a background of practical understanding, which he then contrasts with an account of knowing as the possession of an internal representation that he understands as underpinning claims for the promise of knowledge insertion. The incoherence of "knowledge insertion" is not, however, the end of the story, according to Aldridge. He closes by exploring how a flawed concept of "information insertion" already pervades contemporary educational thinking and practice. It is not, that is to say, merely an impossible science fiction dream, but an example of how technological modes of thought do indeed threaten to "cheat" education -- not by helping us to "cheat" in our learning, but by cheating us of an experience that might properly be called educational.

Published
2018
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