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The article reports that the United States Institute of Medicine's report indicates that clinicians' lack of knowledge is a contributing barrier to resolve chronic musculoskeletal pain. Topics include examines as early as 1991, only several percentage of practicing orthopedic physical therapists felt their entry-level pain education was adequate.

Objective: Priming the neural circuity likely targeted by pain neuroscience education (PNE), using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance the efficacy of PNE. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of active tDCS + PNE to sham tDCS + PNE on measures of pain, pain behaviors, and cognitive function in participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and high pain catastrophizing., Methods: 20 participants were recruited and randomly allocated into the active tDCS + PNE (n = 10) or sham tDCS + PNE (n = 10) groups. All participants received five sessions of their assigned interventions over a 2-week period. The active tDCS + PNE group received 20 minutes of 2 mA, anodal current applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex., Results: Within groups, both interventions demonstrated significant improvement in NPRS, PCS, and TSK. The active tDCS + PNE group also demonstrated significant improvement on the SCWT, CTMT2-Inhibitory, and CTMT2-Set Shifting. Between groups, the active tDCS + PNE group showed significantly greater improvement on the PCS, SCWT, and CTMT2-Inhibitory., Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that active tDCS + PNE appeared to provide greater improvement than sham tDCS + PNE on levels of pain catastrophizing and attentional interference in participants with CLBP and high pain catastrophizing, consistent with both interventions targeting brain regions involved in those processes. Considering the differences between groups, tDCS appears to provide a priming effect on PNE., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)